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Friday, September i2, isir. No. 938, JOB. TEE EEGlSTft RED CLOVER. . Let us cultivate tli e ground, that th c poor, u well as the ftch, may be filled t and happi ness and peace be established throughout our borders." v : -- Red CIoTcr is too valuable to need an eulogium. In every good system cf agriculture, particularlj in si. sys tem of improvement, Clover is abso lutely necessary, as forming the basis of the whole, as h ithout which, no va luable plan of cultivation can be pur sued. The many thousands of acres of worn or exhausted land in the dif ferent parts of North Carolina, testify to the total and shameful neglect in the people of cultivating this valuable grass. Clever, aided by inclosing, to gether with gypsum, and deep plough ing, is able to convert sterility into fruitful ness, and scanty crops into these the most abundant. In every part of the United States where the toil is in a high state of improvement, Clover is extensively cultivated, and is acknowledged to be the principal aent in effecting these improvements. 1 am persuaded tnat those who have lands susceptible of improvement, could not lay out their money to so ood an interest as in the purchase of Clover sed ; as their money vrould 1 soon be reimbursed treble or quadru ple fold in the rapid improvements which would be effected on their farms by means of the clover. Clover when well put in on a good soil, and having a top dressing of plaister of two bush els to the acre, will afford the first year three tons of good hay to the a cre, the second year it may be tut once and afterwards pastured to the middle of October, the third year it will afford-excellent pasture to hogs, abeep and milch cows during the sum mer, and in September may be turned -tinder. It is the best p.-stare for rais ing healthy stock of every kind. Cat tle, &c. graxi ng on it will be fatter throughout the whole season, than on any l other pasture. The butter and cheese made from the milch cows, will be of a superior flavour and appear ance, and w ill keep pure longer, than that made from any other grass or herbage. From its luxuriant and quick growth, it defends the earth from the scorching rays of the sun. and if not led too late in the tali, will keep the earth warm in the winter ; and in a measure defend it from the violence of the frosts. Clover cut green and per mitted to lie six hours in the sun and then given to horses will prevent their having the slabbers. But it is when properly cured, the best hay for any kind of stock ; and may be raised on the highest hills on a farm where there are no bottoms suitable to raise timo- j thy ; and the raising of it for hay is I greatly to be preferred to any timothy f meiiiio'.r. When Clover seed is ? own for the purpose of improving land J - speedily, it should be inclosed and the t Clover neither cut or grazed, in order j that it mav extract from the atmos phere ti e greatest quantity of vegeta ble n!iitter possible, to be given to the radii when elaborated into a form suf ficiently permanent to benefit it. But when Clover is intended to be mowed, one gailon or from eight to melvc pounds f seed to thfc acre should be sowed in February or Ma rchj and by giving a top dressing of plais ter to the Clover as soon as the grain crop is oft it will be sufficiently large to mow on almost any kind of soil the year following. The following me thod of curing clover hay, is simple, cheap, and quickly performed. cave a parcel oi siraw to mix who M? CWivpr in f h" follim-in" inatinpr. l .1 . . - 111. Let the clover the. first day it U cut. lay in the swarth ; as soon as the dew is on tne next cay, turn it: in the e vening. hawl it to the mow, barrackor stack, where if is intended to be de- . posited ; then at the bottom put down i a -layer of the straw six inches thick : : then another laj'er ot clover twelve m- ches thick and so on with straw Si clc- vcr alternately, until it it is finished. I 'have never seen any moulded or mow (burnt when put away in this manner. Horses and cattle arc fonder of the siraw wneii lmucu wuu uie juices I of the Clover) in. 'the winter, than of tthc best timothy hay that can be offer ted t'uetn, especially if a little brine is ; rinllcd over the stray.- at the time of '.;' 'Jvxinn- it away; py. managing .'it -in t.sis wir. the colour and smell-of the L'io'er in wini-i- vvl'i be equal tu any hay : and horses have been known to leave the green grass in midsummer and eat the hay thus prepared, in pre ference. Clover should be cut for hay when the blossoms are turning of a brown hue and are beginning to seed. Considering Clover as necessary to the best plan of conducting a farm, it is the duty of every real friend to this necessary science, to promote the cut- j ii va lion or it. a great oos,:acJe to the : propagation of this valuable grass, ari- ses from the high price of the seed, 1 owing to the trouble of gathering and ' the difficulty of cleansing it Could this difficulty be obviated, Cloyer seed ; might be sold at a much less price t than now demanded (or it. The fol- lowing plans of gathering and clean ing the seed, are practised in the states of Pennsylvania and New York, where they have long been in the habit of ; raising seed for sale. "When clover . is kept for seed, it mifst stand till the heads are very brown, or until one j half of the Held haschanged its colour J bv the dryness of the Clover heads ; ycu then begin to collect them, which is done by a machine invented at Brookhaveh, in Suffolk county, New York. It is drawn bf a horse and ! ruided bv a man or bov. who will col lect from the field by this means, the j heads of clover growing on five acres ; in one day. This machine is of sim- pie construction ; it is nothing more than an open box of about four feet 7 j lit ' i - i . ' . square at me rjoirom, anu aoout two feet high on three sides, one part, which we may call the fore part, is o pen j on this part is fixed lingers simi lar to the fiugers of a cradle, about three feet Ionr. and so near together as to break oflthe heads from the clo ver stocks, which are taken between those fingers ; the heads are thrown back into the box as the horse walks on. Th e box is fixed on an ar! e( ree, supported by two small w h ee I s u f a bout two feet diameter : two handles arc fixed to the box" behind, bv which the man or boy, at the same time he guides the horse, lowers or raises the fingers of the machine so as to take off all the heads from the clover : as oHen as tha box gets full of heads, they are thrown out, and the horse goes on again. All the heads of Cloy ;r, in what manner soever collected ought to be put into small heaj s or cocks, of the quantity of about the bigness of a large corn basket in the field, and there exposed, that the husk may rot (which effect will fake place according to the state of the w eather as i esneefs heat and moisture) otherwise it w ill he vc- ry difficult to get out the seed. Some attention ought to be paid to these j hcap3 cr cock3, lest they should rot too mocn next tiie g-rouuo : it will sometimes be necessary in co of much rain to turn the heaps ; by rubhin fhe j head in your hand it may eaolly be per ceived when the husk is sulIcientitr rotten. Whenever it is found that the heaps are sufliciently i of fed and dry, they are ; carTeti inio tne narn, ot wnenever it is j found convenient, the seed is fhresh- A 1 1 A - J 1 .1' : f : I .- i . ed out on the barn floor, and cleaned j with a wire riddle. The oth?r plan is, alfer toe hay is threshed, the heads ot the cloyer are put into a hogshead, to ' which is added a sufficient quantity of I water to moisten the whole, in order ! to induce a fermentation. The farm J v r should carefully attend to this cri tical operation, and suffer the fermen .tation to proceed only as far ai to af fect the capsules oV chalf. withou t i n i juring the seed, iflter tfiis operation, the clover heads are spread on a barn Hoor to dry, when a slight thrashing easily extricates the sc?d. Clover seed h sown in different qua n tities, according to the ric hn ess of the soil, and the use that is intended to be made of tbe Clover. If seed is to be collected from the first crop, the clover seed from four to six pounds to the acre is generally sown with the wheat on. lands able to produce from eight to twelve bushels by t!e acre. The Clover on such lands will not be too thick to produce seed from the first crop, but standing tole rably thin on the ground, the heads will be well filled with seed. If your land be rich and yon mean to mow the first crop, and collect seed from th e second , from twelve to sixtee n pounds is not too much to put to an acre. Sixteen pounds or more cn winter grain has been though l by ma ny fanners not to be too much per a cfc, asd a less quantity tm spring grain. A tcp dressing is of reat be nefit to clover, if sown over it early in the spring ; on stiff soils, ashes or soot is the best 5. on light lands the Plaister of Paris. If any of these are sown over . it ever so thin, it will nearly double the Crop. AGRICOLA. ;i '. ENGLAND, v FBOK THE BOSTOX CHBOKICU AXB PATTtlOT. Ninth Letter on the present state of V:': England. . Principles on Which tlie British government has been administered. Foreign policy, Colonial and Continental, in direct opposi tion to public interest. . ; . In several of my last letters I have endeavored to shew that the British Constitution was radically defective in admitting an established political inequality that the theory of three ' inoepcn'Jent uranches ot government, representing separate interests and balancing each other, was visionary and impracticable, and that the Bri- tish government, far from being found- j ed on any such theory, is in fact an i oligarchy in which a party of the A- nstocracy control me King anu tne rarliament, and through them the fi nancial and military resources of the nation.;- I propose now to review, in a curso ry way, the general principles on which this government has been car- J ried on. Pope's maxim, that the go vernment is best which is best admin istered, is false, if he meant to assert that all jrovermnents were of equal va lue. To what other cause but the in fluence of better social institutions can we ascribe the superiority of some na tions over others in intellectual and moral improvement ? It may be ad- ; mittedy however, as a cry strong,nre- i sumpiion in iavor oi me goouness oi government, that it is generally well administered. The constitution must be valuable which naturally plates good and wise men in power AYnile, on the other hand, when we see the business of a nation conducted for cen tu ri es on pri n c iples d i reef I f a d verse to its real, interest, it is impossible not to conclude that there is a radical fault in the manner of electing public offi cers and conducting public affairs. VTe shall find that the general course of British policy has been of this des cription, and shall therefore be brought by the practical test of the adminis tration of the Constitution to the same conclusion which w e had previously drawn from the review of its princi ple?. ..;; .'.;; I shall consider the proposed subject of i Jiquiry under the heads of foreign and domestic. policy ; the first of which naturally resolves itself into the gene divisions of colonial and continental aflairs. In order to take a correct view of the subject, it is necessary to keep steadily in view the proper ob jects of government. The interest ; and w ish of the inhabitants of the Bri tish islands is iff. live securely and hap pily. The business of those who find themselves charged with the magistra cy is to make and enforce such gene ral regulations as the good of the whole may require, and to cuard a- I gainst foreign violence. The exten- sion of territory the acquisition of influence in, other countri es n at i o n al j gl o ry, lately so call ed are objects. I with which they have no concern if j they could obtain them for nothing, j and it is a treacherous abuse of pow- er to sacrifice the lives and property of their constituents for such objects, i With these principles well establish I ed, let us first enquire what has been I the colonial policy of tlie British go j vernment ? : j 1. Tni first point in this policy has jbeen a constant endeavor to appro- priate to themselves, as it is called, extensive tracts of ten itory in every i part of the world. The prefendetl riglit to such territories, whether by discovery or first occupation, is too naicuious io require any nonce, j ne right of dominion over colonies that have settled for their individual ad vantage in other countries, is equally groundless. The foundation of everv right of this kind must be the general good of both parties, the nation go verning and the nation governed. Now what pretence can there be that it is advantageous to a colony, for in stance, Massachusetts, f o" have its in ternal regulation's made by a body of men a thousand leagues off entirely ignorant of their wants, and of course entirely incapable of providing for tuem t Un the other hand,, tne inna bitants of the British isle3 derive , no advantage whatever from making these laws, supposing them capable of it. Experience ha3 shewn also, that unless a colony is able to defend itself against actual violence, it will inevitably pe rish, while the pretended duty of de fence in tlje mother country only in volves them in a series of foreign andj pernicious, (juarrels with which they have no concern. Who defended Massachusetts against the savages, her real enemies ? ' Her ovn valor and perseverance. What involved lierand the neighboring French colonies in a series of frivolous, bloody and expen sive wars in which she had no inter est r The principlewof colonial de pendence on the mother country . The supposition of an association be tween nations in distant parts of the globe on equal principles for - these purposes, is just as absurd, because, such an association would defeat its own object The same laws .are not expedient ip different & distant coun tries, anil the means of defence must be at hand to be used when wanted. Who could think seriously for a mo ment, that any advantage would re sult to either party, if China and the United States should enter into a po litical association and agree to call themselves one Empire be governed by the same laws and magistrates, and act together for purposes of defence r It is clear that such a union would be impracticable! and, if accomplished, : mischievous, . 4 These idea3 are the plain dictates of common sense, and as clear as de monstration. Yet, in direct opposi tion to them, we have seen the British government moved by a constant and systematic rae for forming a political association with countries in every part of the globe. They first directed their eye3 to the Wr est, and insisted, per force, that the vast American con tinent should be incorporated into the same political body with their consti tuents at home. Notliing could, be more unnatutal or more, ruinous to both parties, yet nothing bat absolute force could persuade Britain to relax her hold, and even now she insists.up on the same pernicious connexion with Canada and the West-India isles Not contented with the .West, she turns her face to the rising sun, and the vast and boundless east must be governed by the laws and institutions of a little island on the other side of the globe. . Ancw continent is disco vered in the Southern hemisphere. j This must form a part of the great fa i mil v. No doubt the political princi ples that suit the jclimate of the Thames will fit it to a hair ;. and so of all the other islands or continents that hava ibecn or may be discovered. The se- ' ' A 1 ' f ven isianus on me western coast oi Greece, the former abodes of freedom and piety jmust join the confederation ; and the ministry are in hopes that Chi na will consent to be a member of this great political partnership, and are fit ting out a fleet at Portsmouth, as ap pears by the last intelligence, to car ry her an invitation. 2. To suppose that thi3 systematic annexation of distant territories is made from an opinion that it is for the real good of .both parties, would be to accuse the British government of absolute insanity ; and the principles on which the association thus formed is regulated, which form the second great feature of their colonial policy, sufficiently shew the nature of their intentions. All these vast countries are held like dependent and subject provinces, governed by .magistrates, and, in a great degree,by laws to which they are strangers, and subjected to the most oppressive commercial res trictions. Here cupidity defeats its object and actually loses tlie selfish advantage that would accrue from per mitting colonies to enjoy a free com mercial interest with all the world. They do mischief, it would , almost siem, out of wantonness, though pro bably from gross ignorance, when up right conduct would better serve their own purposes! To pretend to ques-1 tion the superior advantages that pa rent countries would derive from in dependent cojonies tracing with all the world, would be Unpardonable, since the experience derived from our own history in confirmation of the soundest and clearest reasoning. But all this is lost on European adminisl trations. . Spain is playing over again j at this moment, the same same of blind infatuation that Great Britain did half a century, ago. In short, the interest of Great Britain suffers by this mono poly of colonial commerce the colo nies are ruined by it - The facts and principles upon the subject are gene rally known to well informed men but the system continues- . So does the system of Commercial restrictions at home, though the impo licy of them has been acknowledged by every body for half a century. . The prohibitionsthe impositions, the mo nopolies granted to particular compa nies or nations, are all monuments of a barbarous system now quite explo ded in principle but still existing in practice. What can be more disgust ing than the policy that .cuts olT al most entirely the commercial inter course between France and England ? Is it not almost ridiculous to see the English permitting themselves to be debarred from the pure and salutary wines of fVance, because this system was thought by fdols a! long time ago to be advantageous The only coun try in which these commercial restric tions and monopolies are cntirelvun known is the Lnited States, and it li ! also the only country where the go vernment emanates from the people. The colonial policy of the British, government has then been always in direct opposition to the interest of tiie ! nation, and has always : exhibited a gross inaiieniion 10 uif piuu.caL ciples of political economy. . I say notliing at present of the immense po sitive sacrifices of . the public good which have been made at the shrine o this mistaken system, but proceed t-5 inquire into, the principles on which, the British government have maintain ed their relations with tlie continent of Europe. t It is obvious that the real interest of.the British nation requires nothing . more in relation to the continent." thaa safety from a violent attack. - Awi of this, there has been no danger since they aceuircd their decided maritime superiority. The'r navy always his been and always will be their -only real defence. . With proper care this navy can be maintaiivd in a state for immediate action, and with the ?ra-( mense commercial marine of the English-will never want a supply of the. best of seamen. If the whole conti nent were in the power of one. indi vidual, this means of defence would be as adequate to the purpose as it now is ; so that they have no pretence of this, sort to justify them for interfe ring r.t all in the affairs of other Euro pean nation?. .Ignorant of these circumstances, cuiuvijf maiicim e iu mem, ll lias been the systematic policy of the Bri tish government for centuries to take a part in all the quarrels of the conti nent, and to. assist in fomenting them. Tins taste may be ascribed in part to the foreign extraction of their kincs, who naturally retain an interest in the affairs of the nations from which they derived their origin. Thus, we find the successors of the Norman conquer or, who inherited large possessions in what is now.France, ngaged in a se-: riesof wars to secure or extend them, and finally to support some chinierical pretension to the French crown.' For tese purposes thuy repeatedly invad ed and occasionally conquered France, but whether vanquished or victors, the effect upon the interest of the peoplfx was still the same. The repose, iy lives and the property of the civ tors and lawlul proprietors countries, were sacrificed to t' less quarrels of brigands rigni 10 govern meui,io wv party had the slightest equitj I he kms ot hnu;ianu a!so the general madncs3 tha: pride of Europe to. perish? nor. When the race of V : . J J I were more native to the cceded to the throne, we I i terferencc in fprcipn matti is the more remarkable ac3i nent was suffering at this der one of its most violeF". convulsions I mean the th.i ; war; and as James I was cc bv marriaire with one of the cxfei 11)2 prot sharin: and his successors Lad too mcch busi ness on their bauds at home Ij thh . of going abroad Ter more. Iartieu izia paciuc uispcsu t't . - t i- l r JODiy IXUCTCU ins country urn. r the mii-eri?s of tins straIc,-.
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 12, 1817, edition 1
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