...v. -'-:.'.:.' .....-; :,'"'.'.'- ' . ." "" ' '' " ' ' " '
AND
NOJRTH-CM
Ocrr the plana of fair, delightful Peace,
Uawarp'd bj party rage, Co live like brother.
Vol. XVII L
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1817.
No. 944,
I0a Wtl HEGISTEB.
1 Ploughing.
Let us cult'-vaie the jund, that the poor,
is well as the rich, mar be filled ; and happi
ness and peace be established throughvut our
borders."
As plouehing is one of the most im
portant operations in agriculture, eve
ry mode of it should be recommended
anil tried, which promises an improve
ment itljer in a savi ng of labor in
making more abundant crops, or in the
amelioration of the soil.
I shall, therefore, in this and some
of the following; numbers, mention
s.me of the best modes of ploughing
lard and then urre some reasons,
showing the necessitj artd utiiity of
u?cp ploughing.
In Pennsyhania, where agriculture
is in a high state of improvement tliere
iv a mode of ploughing land which is
hidy recommended by those to
whom it is known to be practicable
and easily performed. It is called
Trench Ploughing:, and the mode of it
5s now given as described in the Me
moirs of the Philadelphia AgricU 1 tu ral
Society
1 i Provide a 1 tght plough, from 12
to 15 inches v ide in the hind part of
Yne span '-or sole, calculated to pare off
the sod from 2 to 5 inches deep, ac
cording to the depth of the roots of
weeds.
2. A strong heavy Trench plough,
capable ot turning a depth from 8 to
1 0 inches of mould, or earth. This
isiust be one or two inches narrower
xhan the paring plough, or it will cut
j ito the n n pa ret I sod.
The tirst is to be drawn by a pair of
horses or oxen. The second by two
pair of oxen or strength equivalent.
A trench must be first made, with
the trench plough as deep as practica
II e. The paring plough must then
pare the sod off the next intended fur
row, and turn it into the trench. The
trench plough follows, constantly, af
te r the paring plou gli . Tl ie t re nch
plough throw s over a bod v of earth so
a tn bury all weeds, whidv are placed
tw det'p" for vegetation, and thus, by
nut ins;, become manure.
The mould board of the trenc'i
plough, should have a thin plate of j
flexible iron screwed on its upper edge, j
pvticallv, so as to extend the surface ;
am! accommou
date itself to the curva-jja
mild board. With this
tvre of the in
auxiliary,- the loose earth raised by the
rvoMld hoard will be thrown complete-j
l into the trench. It is otherwise Ii- j
a!i to mr. over, and choak the plough, j
L th pli:URhs (the latter the most) i
require clevasses with notches and j
enrvated regulators, to direct and fix j
bct their depth and lateral course.
Trench. ploughing should be perform
ed in the autumn, and the field li
tnrttugh the winter, to attract from 'the
air. v.hatever is the food of plants ;
and to receive the benefits of frequent
fronts and thaws. The subsequent
-ploughing need be no deeper than u
ual in good tillage. A fallow crop
on! v should succeed the trenching the
lirt year: and Indian corn may be
best adapted, as it admits and requires
frequent stirring and exposure of the
soil. -.
Judge Peters, a distinguished agri
culturalist of Pennsylvania, is a great
advocate for this mrde of ploughing;
who thus remarks on it r 4 It is only
tr worn or infested fields, that I ever
recommend this mode of ploughing.
The burving the old soil, exhausted of
every fertilizing quality filled with
the seeds of pestiferous weeds, and in
destructible stocks and roots ; with
the bulbs and seeds of garlic, St. Johns
wort and the daisy; and other such
otherwise unconqu-erabie hosts of foes
to my culture ot profitable crops': was
rny motive for trench ploajHing pro
gressively, at least fifty acres of my
'arm. any years ago I gave an ac
count of my "prc -ess, and its results
ia this mode of ploughing. It was not
theory, but the actual product of re
peated and successful practice. I
brought my fields into a ferrilifv and
tlcaniress "of crop, whith amply re
warded me: and surprised those who
tad known those purts of my farm irr
Jieir apparently hopeless'state of ex
huUMioi!. So that I have' not a trench
ed field, which is not now the better
Jor Reoperation. A pair of oxen, and
--ortcfc were generally all I hatl.
fcr a large farm. ., With these I could
trench and fall plough, as much as I
required. It is certain, that ail soils
are not proper for thb operation ;
though more are so, than is generally
supposed. Some have told me that it
did harm on such soils as mine, which
is generally a light loam ; yet, I con
ceive, such soils are the best, for this
process." This is certainly a good
mode of ploughing on fields worn, as
it is peculiarly well calculated to des
troy any kind of pestiferous weeds
with which they may be infested ; for
any person who attends to the mode
above described, will perceive, that
the sod ot the old surface is entirely
covered, by the accession of the sub
stratum thrown over it. Whereas the
edges of the sods, in ploughing ever
so deep in any other way, are always
exposed to vegetate anew. The seeds,
bulbs or roots of pestiferous weeds, by
means ot the mode recommended, be
ing deposited in a deep trench, with a
! deep cover of earth over them which
they are unable to penetrate by vege
tation, rot. and become an accession
of manure to the soil. Judge Peters
i further observes, that many of his
I fields which had been brought into
! cleanness of cultivation, by this mode
of ploughing, soon regained their co
ver oi weeos and nuisances, when this
operation was neglected, by those
who had rented them.
There is another mode of ploughing
land in use in Pennsylvania, the ad
vantages of which are highly spoken
of. It is as follows.
Tn the first place, coulter the ground
with a coulter plough drawn by two
horses.about eight or ten inches deep
the cuts being about one foot apart;
then plough the land in an opposite
direction, with a common bar-share
plough with two horses to about the
same depth, and let a man follow in
the furrow with a narrow spade plough
three inches broad, and drawn by one
horse, to break the understratum four
or six inches deep. Thus the surface
is turned eight or ten inches deep, and
I the ground effectually loosened from
twelve to sixteen inches deep. This
practice mav be adopted on any soil
I nowevcr dry, hard, or sward bound,
'provided it is not too stoney or stum
py. :-;-k--y'--::.A":
An implement called a. miner, is
frequently used in Europe, with the
same vjewva s the coulter plough des-
; cribed above, viz. opening ground to
great depth :
! but with one ?fi
It is "niftde very strong,
are only, not bavins a-
ny mould board v it therefore rather
loosens than turns Tip the earth. In
deep stiff soil?, where the s u r fa c e
mould is good, it may be coMenicnt-
ly employed i n the same i u now alter
a common plough, in order to stir the
ground to a greater depth. It is an ex
treme 1 y use fu 1 i m p! em ent w ii ere w o r
king deep is necessary, without bring
ing up the inert understratum or sub
soil, as in loosening the ground for
carrots, or other tap-rooted plants,
and in eradicating the roots cf this
tles, or other weeds which strike deep
ia the earth.
AGRICOLA,
ON SOUTH AMERICA.
TROM THE TAKKE.
The National Intelligencer contains
the fi rst number of a series of letters
I addressed to Henry Clay, Esq. ani
! first published in the Richmond En
quirer : they commence with the fol-j
lowing ques tion : 44 Would the Un i - j
ted States most promote the cause of j
freedom by indirectly countenancing j
the patriots, or by openly recognizing j
and aiding the provinces of the South- j
ern Continent, as independent na-i
tions r". The letters themselves pur- j
port to answer the question, by em-!
bracing the latter alternative, and re- J
commend the open recognition of the j
revolutionary coverninents The wri-!
ter takes it for granted, that the peo
ple of the United States will, in some
way, aid the cause of the revolution ;
and that the only subject for delibera
tion is,- whether such assistance is to
be afforded openly and avowedly by
the national government, or secretly
and collusively by individual enter
prize, 'yyk. ' :''--"':;
No man Can be at a loss wliich of
these alternative3 to embrace : we
should do aj hundred time better by
an open recognition of and active al
liance with, the revolutionary govern
ments, than by the predatory and e-J
,'jpheraeral expeditions which are collu-
siveiy ntted out from seme or our sea
ports ; and what is of far more impor
tance in the opinion of an honorable
and upright politici n, .such open and
avowed conduct would be more, credit
able, to our national reputation, ihan
an unfaithful, dishonest, heartless e
vasion of our duty, by winking at ser
cret acts cf hostility from our citizens
towards governments with whom we
have actual relations to amity, be
tween such an alternative we conceive
no honest man can hesitate : on the
contrary, we think not! ing could ex
cuse the American nation in suffering,
by collusion, a hostility in the citi
zens incompatible with the good faith
of the government. The faith of a re
public should be above suspicion ; its
conduct should be as exemplary for
the purity oPthc motives which influ
ence it towards other governments, as
for its regard for the just liberties and
legal rights of its own citizens.
But the writer referred to, seems to
overlook a question which naturally
precedes fhose he has discussed, and
which we view as one of immensely
greater magnitude, viz. whether the
United States shall fake any part
whatever in the dispute between the
Spanish govern m ent and its col onies ?
and for reasons, some of which we
shall proceed to develope, we do not
hesitate to answer decidedly and em
phatically, no ! Let the American go
vernment take no part whatever in
this dispute, and let them punish, with
the utmost rigor, those who violate by
a fraudulent and, secret assistance,
both the supremacy of the laws, and
obligations of an honest neutrality.
We would not be th ought to survey
with a cold indifferent eye, the noblest
spectacle of the moral universe, an op
pressed people struggling for the es
tablishment of .their national rights.
Wh enever, in any c ou n try, this scene
is presented to our view, we cannot
survey it without feelings of the deep
est sensibility, or without the most
nearttelt wishes for the people's suc
cess ; but no sensibility of the heart,
no calculations of policy should sanc
tion the dishonorable, infamous vio
lation o f our good fai th by cot 1 usi v e
and secret assistance ; and an open
and avowed recognition and support
would not only be extremely impoli
tic for the interests of this country,
but would not fail to ruin the cause it
should be meant to advance and to es
tablish, and "rivet almost indissolubly
ii- .i ; i f i ' .
on our new allies tne cnams oi ie?rui-
mate despotism. . , :
, The question presents an alterna
tive, the selection of which, in one
case, probably involves very little ha-
j zard to the people of the United States;
bat in the other, is, in the language ol j
the writer, " the most important and
interesting subject prcsentecl -to the j
people oi inis counu v since xnc aec
laration of the 4th July ITTG.'7 . And
though we consider oar government
cannot hesitate both 'o preserve the
Patriots of South America from de
struction by retaining our neutrality,
and our own honor from a stai n by
rega rd i ng the obligation which su en
neutrality imposes, yet y;e think the
subject deserves the serious conside
rati o n of the American people. It
tomes upon us with an imposing so
lemnity at the present period, both
because ingenious and intelligent es
says on the question are presented to
th e nation, th ro' what is usual ly
thought an inofficial channel ofthe go
yernment ; and because an accredited
rumor has recently represented our
national authorities as sending com
missioners to the South American pro
vinces to
ascertain their existing cir
cumstances, at least, if not to establish j
between' them and us a formal com
munication. Bat in deciding In favor of a strict
and impartial neutrality, we have paid
little regard to the controverted point,
whether the colonists of South Ame
rica have or have not sufficient intel-
ligenc e for a free system of govern
ment ; it is sufficient for U3 to know
they desire it. to wish them success :
for if they real ly are so ignoren t as
to be incapable of appreciating the va
lue of liberty, we know of no argu
ment so strong for t!e necessity of their
regeneration. A free government is
the fountain of intelligence ; and the
people, who have once established their
right to decide on the form and policy
oi their government, will as certainly
I multiply the semixsrica of intclligenc',
they will their military resources.
They are the essential principles of
their existence ; the atrartsphere in
which they move; the light which im
parts at the Same time the vital princi
ple of their preservation, and throws
on the Horizon arourjd them, the beau
tiful coloring which m: kes that preser
vation a benefit. v ; ;
Nor are we convinced that such as
sistance should not be rendered, from
the sophistical proposition that such
immense countries are able to effect
their own emancipation if they have
intelligence enough to value it ; and
if they have not, triat they do not deserve-
our assistance. We but too
well recollect what we owe to the ac
tive assistance of other nations in ef
fecting our own independence, to con
sider such foreign aid an evidence ei
tlir of the incapacity to enjoy free
dom, or of the ignorance which rejects
it. The authority and influence of an
established despotism has too formida
I ble an advantage over the distracted
anu tumultuous enorts ot an unorgan
ized populace, to render extrinsic aid
eitner necessary io a people . almost
unanimous, or unimportant to one im
moveably determined. . While there
fore, our sympathies are tremblingly
alive to the progress of human free
dom ; and while we think the cause
of a people, strtiggling with the des
pots who naisgovern them.justifies ex
trinsic aid, and almost al ways requires
it, we must seek for reasons for. with
holding our efforts in a cause that
warmly excites our interest, from the
danger of such efforts, to ourselves, or
from their little utility to our friends,
In the present instance, we hardly en
tertain a doubt that these considera
tions not only justify our remaiuing
I neutral in the present revolutionary
struggle in aoutn America, nut rentier
it absolutely necessary, both for our
own preservation, and for the.success
of the cause we are invited to espouse.
CATHOLICS VINDICA TE D
raox the STia or xdealisx.
3Ir. Editor I saw in one of your
late papers an extract from a Ports
mouth, (Lng.) paper, wherein is rela
ted a story called very singular, tho'
not singular, except on account of its
malicious fabrication. .
. I should leave unnoticed such a pal
pable story, had I not seen itcitculat-
j ed in a great number of newspaper?,
and heard manv uncharitable renec
tions on the Catholics by the general
ity of people : it h true that such a
story is refuted by itself among think
ing and Unprejudiced people, as it has
no other authenticity than an anony-i
mous i?tter received in England tro'n.
Brest in France i no name of the
priest, nor of the man that requested
to be visited in his last sickness ; no
time, besides, when it happened ; still
the story is colored with a kind of ap-j
i peanug puoucnyj; as me preiect nau i
all these men safely in .prison, says
the story) ; but the generality of peo
ple are not upon their guard against,
such fabrications written in English
newspapers ; . and in .great . many
English writers, such as Hume, Ro
bertson, &c. who are wonderful in fa
bricating similar or wors . stories on
the Catholics for more than 00 years,
misrepresenting thus their feligious
tenets, in order to find motives of per
secution. The famous and. malicious
gunpowder plot is cne among many
others more remarkable for its deep
malice ; it Is now generally admitted
among unprejudiced . and intelligent
people to be a mere fabrication of the
wicked Cecil, minister ,of James the
first Many learned protestant wri
ters arc caniif enctigh tp'acknowledge
if, with Catholics ; gnnpowJer plot,
says Rev.' Higgons, was hammered in
the forge of Cecil, who intended to
have produced it.in the time of Eliza-
beth ; (short view otEnglish history) :
see Osborne's historf of James "the
first; see also the Political Grammar.
Many Catholic priests and laity have
been put to death on that account ;
and what is worse is, that the English
natjon . even rejoiced every year on
the 5th cf November,, and Catholics
were stamped from the.pulpit'all thro'
the kingdom as traitors, and with eve
ry kind of bitter accusation, poisoning
by this means thejninds of the people
against Catholics, on a fact that never
existed but in the contrivance of the
minister oi th king; still no newspa
as
per uaru to refute thes: malicious
stories. In Scotland similar' trick
were used against Mary in the bein
ning or the reformation ; (see Whit
ker's Vindication and other Protes
tant writers, Goodall, Stewart, Tyt
ler.) In process of time, soihe ne or
othtr story has been renewed til! r.ur
days, , to Keep up their peisecatiop,
and to continue the bitter prAi;idices
against Catholics, (see Miincr's let
ters to D Slurges, chardain to the
k.ng of England.) . ; We see imfo-to-nately.
tm many of their friends in
this free country, wiio, (tbrcMgh i:if.r
mation not correct, and not by n ali o
I hope) are zealous to circulate such
stories against Catholics, and m.kc
their comments on them ; but we hare
that newspapers of" this independent
country will be more Jiberal than in
England; and if; we are oisrepresent
ed or abused faUeiy in public print,
therein will, also apjvear our rectifica
tion, when the matter requires it.
- A CATHOLIC.
. NEW G ODS. .
TIIR wibscnber has just returned from
New York, and l'hdadelphia, with an
ettensive Assortmentif . . ;'
Vry Gnods, Hardware, c. -
; Well suite' to the prrent nd approaching
6eaqns, -and which he will dispose of on
the most reasonable terms ':
i JOEL II. LANE.
- Raleigh; S?pt 12 28 tf . -
" PUOPO.ULS
WILL te r: ccir- umil thf second Mon
day in KoTcrbe- for nail Jing
a iievr.3 IL In the twi f Rrrf rdt Stir
ry county oa the plan of the Jail n StokeS
county. The: wh' Wish tt became con
tractor fo Bail Vine sid Tail, mav make;
4h .irpmpo-alv in wr'.jnRo VVm P. Ucboa
Bockford. Surry cov..?.
ANPTtfcX KINCNN02f,
OADI.AH MARTIN,
J'. W!LL'AiS,ir
WM. P. :
3- Comn&'ssioner
Octbpr 10 - y 41 :ln
VALUABLE LANDS, MILLS, &c
. For Sale. tl? '
1 S I am desirous if removing, either to
i the State rf Ohio or Indiana, I wish
to sell, at a fair price i
640 acres of Juniper & Cv)fes Swamp.
Land, in the gieet tikmal in Gates c un
ty. adjoinioj; the landtof Wm. fmall anfl.
others rhis land appreciates fast in va
lue, in consequence of the errwing do-
j niaiwl foriihiup;lesV 2cc. " . - '
I. 211i acres ia Orange-county, 8 miles.
north west cf Hillsborough, on which b
! a Saw Mill nearly new and in good, re
' pair, 2 or 3 common Houses, a sufficient
s quantity of cleared land to employ 3 cr &
! hand!, well adopted tfithe Culture of To
j buccoor anv kind of Grain, well witer
' ed and timbered. .; -..
. 200 acres of Piney Land about 2 miles
j fiom the said mill, unimproved.
100 acres of Pincv-land 2 r 3 nv:t3
from said mill, with a small imjirovenici
Both of which tracts are of a tclcrauic:
quality. . i
350 acres where I n live, 10 mi;at
mirth-west of Hillsborough, rr. the road
leading from Hlllsboroiii;li to Casr-cll
Courthouse and Lenox Castle ; n which,
is a comfortable. I)vrellingffr.ut other
convenient: houses, a'.yoUttej' Apple and
Peach Orchard of about 1000 trees just
beginning to bear, a new Grist Mill with.
2 pair of Stones, Bolting ClctU j, c a.
valuable Distillery, the house of the dis-
t.Hery and mill each two stories h'gh, 30
dv 24, ana tn'; unaer story, ox ontn. ouuc
of tone ; 2 Stills, Stands &c. ; a sufficient
quantity of cleared land to. employ 8 or.
10 hands, and equal inequality to any land
in this part, of the countx well timbered
a number of . excellent Springs, a. good
Stand for a country Store and Boarding
Housvas it i3 dQriyenicnt to oue of thi?
best School's in the.State, under the care
of the Re'.Wj Bingham.. - f
. 3i0 a errs ad joining the bov9, of a good
quality, vreU timbered, &c. with 'a small
improvement.. , . . , -
Also the Crop of every descripticn no 1
grovying, the stck of Hr.e5, ' Catt"
Hogs, and Sheep (1-2, 3-4,r.8 -?f
Cloocieti ennocs;, vaiuaoie tf
and Ii:chca Furniture, 2 or 3 u '
gens veil finishtd, fai mkig uf
AH or any part of which 1
to sell on moderate terror ' f
be paitl when possession
cic or notes on eitiier of V
Stated the remaimnjj twoy
venicnt instali.ents. If no.A
sale before the first Tueso (
her next, on that day, an I
day untU all is fold, will W
sale, at Public Auction, ot
where I live, all the abovii
Stock, &c. The terms wiip.
made known cn the day ctT
JKO.CA).
TTirTTtrntr TTnll Tutip 18. '
A iUl lU-vtlt - '
P. S. Should I sell at pr
will give timely notice in the
tnstcr ana star, to rjrevent i
ALL KINDS OF BLAN'4,
Fcr sale at this Ucet
It
v,....