North Carolina Newspapers

...v. -'-:.'.:.' .....-; :,'"'.'.'- ' . ." "" ' '' " ' ' " ' AND NOJRTH-CM Ocrr the plana of fair, delightful Peace, Uawarp'd bj party rage, Co live like brother. Vol. XVII L FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1817. No. 944, I0a Wtl HEGISTEB. 1 Ploughing. Let us cult'-vaie the jund, that the poor, is well as the rich, mar be filled ; and happi ness and peace be established throughvut our borders." As plouehing is one of the most im portant operations in agriculture, eve ry mode of it should be recommended anil tried, which promises an improve ment itljer in a savi ng of labor in making more abundant crops, or in the amelioration of the soil. I shall, therefore, in this and some of the following; numbers, mention s.me of the best modes of ploughing lard and then urre some reasons, showing the necessitj artd utiiity of u?cp ploughing. In Pennsyhania, where agriculture is in a high state of improvement tliere iv a mode of ploughing land which is hidy recommended by those to whom it is known to be practicable and easily performed. It is called Trench Ploughing:, and the mode of it 5s now given as described in the Me moirs of the Philadelphia AgricU 1 tu ral Society 1 i Provide a 1 tght plough, from 12 to 15 inches v ide in the hind part of Yne span '-or sole, calculated to pare off the sod from 2 to 5 inches deep, ac cording to the depth of the roots of weeds. 2. A strong heavy Trench plough, capable ot turning a depth from 8 to 1 0 inches of mould, or earth. This isiust be one or two inches narrower xhan the paring plough, or it will cut j ito the n n pa ret I sod. The tirst is to be drawn by a pair of horses or oxen. The second by two pair of oxen or strength equivalent. A trench must be first made, with the trench plough as deep as practica II e. The paring plough must then pare the sod off the next intended fur row, and turn it into the trench. The trench plough follows, constantly, af te r the paring plou gli . Tl ie t re nch plough throw s over a bod v of earth so a tn bury all weeds, whidv are placed tw det'p" for vegetation, and thus, by nut ins;, become manure. The mould board of the trenc'i plough, should have a thin plate of j flexible iron screwed on its upper edge, j pvticallv, so as to extend the surface ; am! accommou date itself to the curva-jja mild board. With this tvre of the in auxiliary,- the loose earth raised by the rvoMld hoard will be thrown complete-j l into the trench. It is otherwise Ii- j a!i to mr. over, and choak the plough, j L th pli:URhs (the latter the most) i require clevasses with notches and j enrvated regulators, to direct and fix j bct their depth and lateral course. Trench. ploughing should be perform ed in the autumn, and the field li tnrttugh the winter, to attract from 'the air. v.hatever is the food of plants ; and to receive the benefits of frequent fronts and thaws. The subsequent -ploughing need be no deeper than u ual in good tillage. A fallow crop on! v should succeed the trenching the lirt year: and Indian corn may be best adapted, as it admits and requires frequent stirring and exposure of the soil. -. Judge Peters, a distinguished agri culturalist of Pennsylvania, is a great advocate for this mrde of ploughing; who thus remarks on it r 4 It is only tr worn or infested fields, that I ever recommend this mode of ploughing. The burving the old soil, exhausted of every fertilizing quality filled with the seeds of pestiferous weeds, and in destructible stocks and roots ; with the bulbs and seeds of garlic, St. Johns wort and the daisy; and other such otherwise unconqu-erabie hosts of foes to my culture ot profitable crops': was rny motive for trench ploajHing pro gressively, at least fifty acres of my 'arm. any years ago I gave an ac count of my "prc -ess, and its results ia this mode of ploughing. It was not theory, but the actual product of re peated and successful practice. I brought my fields into a ferrilifv and tlcaniress "of crop, whith amply re warded me: and surprised those who tad known those purts of my farm irr Jieir apparently hopeless'state of ex huUMioi!. So that I have' not a trench ed field, which is not now the better Jor Reoperation. A pair of oxen, and --ortcfc were generally all I hatl. fcr a large farm. ., With these I could trench and fall plough, as much as I required. It is certain, that ail soils are not proper for thb operation ; though more are so, than is generally supposed. Some have told me that it did harm on such soils as mine, which is generally a light loam ; yet, I con ceive, such soils are the best, for this process." This is certainly a good mode of ploughing on fields worn, as it is peculiarly well calculated to des troy any kind of pestiferous weeds with which they may be infested ; for any person who attends to the mode above described, will perceive, that the sod ot the old surface is entirely covered, by the accession of the sub stratum thrown over it. Whereas the edges of the sods, in ploughing ever so deep in any other way, are always exposed to vegetate anew. The seeds, bulbs or roots of pestiferous weeds, by means ot the mode recommended, be ing deposited in a deep trench, with a ! deep cover of earth over them which they are unable to penetrate by vege tation, rot. and become an accession of manure to the soil. Judge Peters i further observes, that many of his I fields which had been brought into ! cleanness of cultivation, by this mode of ploughing, soon regained their co ver oi weeos and nuisances, when this operation was neglected, by those who had rented them. There is another mode of ploughing land in use in Pennsylvania, the ad vantages of which are highly spoken of. It is as follows. Tn the first place, coulter the ground with a coulter plough drawn by two horses.about eight or ten inches deep the cuts being about one foot apart; then plough the land in an opposite direction, with a common bar-share plough with two horses to about the same depth, and let a man follow in the furrow with a narrow spade plough three inches broad, and drawn by one horse, to break the understratum four or six inches deep. Thus the surface is turned eight or ten inches deep, and I the ground effectually loosened from twelve to sixteen inches deep. This practice mav be adopted on any soil I nowevcr dry, hard, or sward bound, 'provided it is not too stoney or stum py. :-;-k--y'--::.A": An implement called a. miner, is frequently used in Europe, with the same vjewva s the coulter plough des- ; cribed above, viz. opening ground to great depth : ! but with one ?fi It is "niftde very strong, are only, not bavins a- ny mould board v it therefore rather loosens than turns Tip the earth. In deep stiff soil?, where the s u r fa c e mould is good, it may be coMenicnt- ly employed i n the same i u now alter a common plough, in order to stir the ground to a greater depth. It is an ex treme 1 y use fu 1 i m p! em ent w ii ere w o r king deep is necessary, without bring ing up the inert understratum or sub soil, as in loosening the ground for carrots, or other tap-rooted plants, and in eradicating the roots cf this tles, or other weeds which strike deep ia the earth. AGRICOLA, ON SOUTH AMERICA. TROM THE TAKKE. The National Intelligencer contains the fi rst number of a series of letters I addressed to Henry Clay, Esq. ani ! first published in the Richmond En quirer : they commence with the fol-j lowing ques tion : 44 Would the Un i - j ted States most promote the cause of j freedom by indirectly countenancing j the patriots, or by openly recognizing j and aiding the provinces of the South- j ern Continent, as independent na-i tions r". The letters themselves pur- j port to answer the question, by em-! bracing the latter alternative, and re- J commend the open recognition of the j revolutionary coverninents The wri-! ter takes it for granted, that the peo ple of the United States will, in some way, aid the cause of the revolution ; and that the only subject for delibera tion is,- whether such assistance is to be afforded openly and avowedly by the national government, or secretly and collusively by individual enter prize, 'yyk. ' :''--"':; No man Can be at a loss wliich of these alternative3 to embrace : we should do aj hundred time better by an open recognition of and active al liance with, the revolutionary govern ments, than by the predatory and e-J ,'jpheraeral expeditions which are collu- siveiy ntted out from seme or our sea ports ; and what is of far more impor tance in the opinion of an honorable and upright politici n, .such open and avowed conduct would be more, credit able, to our national reputation, ihan an unfaithful, dishonest, heartless e vasion of our duty, by winking at ser cret acts cf hostility from our citizens towards governments with whom we have actual relations to amity, be tween such an alternative we conceive no honest man can hesitate : on the contrary, we think not! ing could ex cuse the American nation in suffering, by collusion, a hostility in the citi zens incompatible with the good faith of the government. The faith of a re public should be above suspicion ; its conduct should be as exemplary for the purity oPthc motives which influ ence it towards other governments, as for its regard for the just liberties and legal rights of its own citizens. But the writer referred to, seems to overlook a question which naturally precedes fhose he has discussed, and which we view as one of immensely greater magnitude, viz. whether the United States shall fake any part whatever in the dispute between the Spanish govern m ent and its col onies ? and for reasons, some of which we shall proceed to develope, we do not hesitate to answer decidedly and em phatically, no ! Let the American go vernment take no part whatever in this dispute, and let them punish, with the utmost rigor, those who violate by a fraudulent and, secret assistance, both the supremacy of the laws, and obligations of an honest neutrality. We would not be th ought to survey with a cold indifferent eye, the noblest spectacle of the moral universe, an op pressed people struggling for the es tablishment of .their national rights. Wh enever, in any c ou n try, this scene is presented to our view, we cannot survey it without feelings of the deep est sensibility, or without the most nearttelt wishes for the people's suc cess ; but no sensibility of the heart, no calculations of policy should sanc tion the dishonorable, infamous vio lation o f our good fai th by cot 1 usi v e and secret assistance ; and an open and avowed recognition and support would not only be extremely impoli tic for the interests of this country, but would not fail to ruin the cause it should be meant to advance and to es tablish, and "rivet almost indissolubly ii- .i ; i f i ' . on our new allies tne cnams oi ie?rui- mate despotism. . , : , The question presents an alterna tive, the selection of which, in one case, probably involves very little ha- j zard to the people of the United States; bat in the other, is, in the language ol j the writer, " the most important and interesting subject prcsentecl -to the j people oi inis counu v since xnc aec laration of the 4th July ITTG.'7 . And though we consider oar government cannot hesitate both 'o preserve the Patriots of South America from de struction by retaining our neutrality, and our own honor from a stai n by rega rd i ng the obligation which su en neutrality imposes, yet y;e think the subject deserves the serious conside rati o n of the American people. It tomes upon us with an imposing so lemnity at the present period, both because ingenious and intelligent es says on the question are presented to th e nation, th ro' what is usual ly thought an inofficial channel ofthe go yernment ; and because an accredited rumor has recently represented our national authorities as sending com missioners to the South American pro vinces to ascertain their existing cir cumstances, at least, if not to establish j between' them and us a formal com munication. Bat in deciding In favor of a strict and impartial neutrality, we have paid little regard to the controverted point, whether the colonists of South Ame rica have or have not sufficient intel- ligenc e for a free system of govern ment ; it is sufficient for U3 to know they desire it. to wish them success : for if they real ly are so ignoren t as to be incapable of appreciating the va lue of liberty, we know of no argu ment so strong for t!e necessity of their regeneration. A free government is the fountain of intelligence ; and the people, who have once established their right to decide on the form and policy oi their government, will as certainly I multiply the semixsrica of intclligenc', they will their military resources. They are the essential principles of their existence ; the atrartsphere in which they move; the light which im parts at the Same time the vital princi ple of their preservation, and throws on the Horizon arourjd them, the beau tiful coloring which m: kes that preser vation a benefit. v ; ; Nor are we convinced that such as sistance should not be rendered, from the sophistical proposition that such immense countries are able to effect their own emancipation if they have intelligence enough to value it ; and if they have not, triat they do not deserve- our assistance. We but too well recollect what we owe to the ac tive assistance of other nations in ef fecting our own independence, to con sider such foreign aid an evidence ei tlir of the incapacity to enjoy free dom, or of the ignorance which rejects it. The authority and influence of an established despotism has too formida I ble an advantage over the distracted anu tumultuous enorts ot an unorgan ized populace, to render extrinsic aid eitner necessary io a people . almost unanimous, or unimportant to one im moveably determined. . While there fore, our sympathies are tremblingly alive to the progress of human free dom ; and while we think the cause of a people, strtiggling with the des pots who naisgovern them.justifies ex trinsic aid, and almost al ways requires it, we must seek for reasons for. with holding our efforts in a cause that warmly excites our interest, from the danger of such efforts, to ourselves, or from their little utility to our friends, In the present instance, we hardly en tertain a doubt that these considera tions not only justify our remaiuing I neutral in the present revolutionary struggle in aoutn America, nut rentier it absolutely necessary, both for our own preservation, and for the.success of the cause we are invited to espouse. CATHOLICS VINDICA TE D raox the STia or xdealisx. 3Ir. Editor I saw in one of your late papers an extract from a Ports mouth, (Lng.) paper, wherein is rela ted a story called very singular, tho' not singular, except on account of its malicious fabrication. . . I should leave unnoticed such a pal pable story, had I not seen itcitculat- j ed in a great number of newspaper?, and heard manv uncharitable renec tions on the Catholics by the general ity of people : it h true that such a story is refuted by itself among think ing and Unprejudiced people, as it has no other authenticity than an anony-i mous i?tter received in England tro'n. Brest in France i no name of the priest, nor of the man that requested to be visited in his last sickness ; no time, besides, when it happened ; still the story is colored with a kind of ap-j i peanug puoucnyj; as me preiect nau i all these men safely in .prison, says the story) ; but the generality of peo ple are not upon their guard against, such fabrications written in English newspapers ; . and in .great . many English writers, such as Hume, Ro bertson, &c. who are wonderful in fa bricating similar or wors . stories on the Catholics for more than 00 years, misrepresenting thus their feligious tenets, in order to find motives of per secution. The famous and. malicious gunpowder plot is cne among many others more remarkable for its deep malice ; it Is now generally admitted among unprejudiced . and intelligent people to be a mere fabrication of the wicked Cecil, minister ,of James the first Many learned protestant wri ters arc caniif enctigh tp'acknowledge if, with Catholics ; gnnpowJer plot, says Rev.' Higgons, was hammered in the forge of Cecil, who intended to have produced it.in the time of Eliza- beth ; (short view otEnglish history) : see Osborne's historf of James "the first; see also the Political Grammar. Many Catholic priests and laity have been put to death on that account ; and what is worse is, that the English natjon . even rejoiced every year on the 5th cf November,, and Catholics were stamped from the.pulpit'all thro' the kingdom as traitors, and with eve ry kind of bitter accusation, poisoning by this means thejninds of the people against Catholics, on a fact that never existed but in the contrivance of the minister oi th king; still no newspa as per uaru to refute thes: malicious stories. In Scotland similar' trick were used against Mary in the bein ning or the reformation ; (see Whit ker's Vindication and other Protes tant writers, Goodall, Stewart, Tyt ler.) In process of time, soihe ne or othtr story has been renewed til! r.ur days, , to Keep up their peisecatiop, and to continue the bitter prAi;idices against Catholics, (see Miincr's let ters to D Slurges, chardain to the k.ng of England.) . ; We see imfo-to-nately. tm many of their friends in this free country, wiio, (tbrcMgh i:if.r mation not correct, and not by n ali o I hope) are zealous to circulate such stories against Catholics, and m.kc their comments on them ; but we hare that newspapers of" this independent country will be more Jiberal than in England; and if; we are oisrepresent ed or abused faUeiy in public print, therein will, also apjvear our rectifica tion, when the matter requires it. - A CATHOLIC. . NEW G ODS. . TIIR wibscnber has just returned from New York, and l'hdadelphia, with an ettensive Assortmentif . . ;' Vry Gnods, Hardware, c. - ; Well suite' to the prrent nd approaching 6eaqns, -and which he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms ': i JOEL II. LANE. - Raleigh; S?pt 12 28 tf . - " PUOPO.ULS WILL te r: ccir- umil thf second Mon day in KoTcrbe- for nail Jing a iievr.3 IL In the twi f Rrrf rdt Stir ry county oa the plan of the Jail n StokeS county. The: wh' Wish tt became con tractor fo Bail Vine sid Tail, mav make; 4h .irpmpo-alv in wr'.jnRo VVm P. Ucboa Bockford. Surry cov..?. ANPTtfcX KINCNN02f, OADI.AH MARTIN, J'. W!LL'AiS,ir WM. P. : 3- Comn&'ssioner Octbpr 10 - y 41 :ln VALUABLE LANDS, MILLS, &c . For Sale. tl? ' 1 S I am desirous if removing, either to i the State rf Ohio or Indiana, I wish to sell, at a fair price i 640 acres of Juniper & Cv)fes Swamp. Land, in the gieet tikmal in Gates c un ty. adjoinioj; the landtof Wm. fmall anfl. others rhis land appreciates fast in va lue, in consequence of the errwing do- j niaiwl foriihiup;lesV 2cc. " . - ' I. 211i acres ia Orange-county, 8 miles. north west cf Hillsborough, on which b ! a Saw Mill nearly new and in good, re ' pair, 2 or 3 common Houses, a sufficient s quantity of cleared land to employ 3 cr & ! hand!, well adopted tfithe Culture of To j buccoor anv kind of Grain, well witer ' ed and timbered. .; -.. . 200 acres of Piney Land about 2 miles j fiom the said mill, unimproved. 100 acres of Pincv-land 2 r 3 nv:t3 from said mill, with a small imjirovenici Both of which tracts are of a tclcrauic: quality. . i 350 acres where I n live, 10 mi;at mirth-west of Hillsborough, rr. the road leading from Hlllsboroiii;li to Casr-cll Courthouse and Lenox Castle ; n which, is a comfortable. I)vrellingffr.ut other convenient: houses, a'.yoUttej' Apple and Peach Orchard of about 1000 trees just beginning to bear, a new Grist Mill with. 2 pair of Stones, Bolting ClctU j, c a. valuable Distillery, the house of the dis- t.Hery and mill each two stories h'gh, 30 dv 24, ana tn'; unaer story, ox ontn. ouuc of tone ; 2 Stills, Stands &c. ; a sufficient quantity of cleared land to. employ 8 or. 10 hands, and equal inequality to any land in this part, of the countx well timbered a number of . excellent Springs, a. good Stand for a country Store and Boarding Housvas it i3 dQriyenicnt to oue of thi? best School's in the.State, under the care of the Re'.Wj Bingham.. - f . 3i0 a errs ad joining the bov9, of a good quality, vreU timbered, &c. with 'a small improvement.. , . . , - Also the Crop of every descripticn no 1 grovying, the stck of Hr.e5, ' Catt" Hogs, and Sheep (1-2, 3-4,r.8 -?f Cloocieti ennocs;, vaiuaoie tf and Ii:chca Furniture, 2 or 3 u ' gens veil finishtd, fai mkig uf AH or any part of which 1 to sell on moderate terror ' f be paitl when possession cic or notes on eitiier of V Stated the remaimnjj twoy venicnt instali.ents. If no.A sale before the first Tueso ( her next, on that day, an I day untU all is fold, will W sale, at Public Auction, ot where I live, all the abovii Stock, &c. The terms wiip. made known cn the day ctT JKO.CA). TTirTTtrntr TTnll Tutip 18. ' A iUl lU-vtlt - ' P. S. Should I sell at pr will give timely notice in the tnstcr ana star, to rjrevent i ALL KINDS OF BLAN'4, Fcr sale at this Ucet It v,....