North Carolina Newspapers

ttv A-TT I IYJ I fTM TTTT Z AND 4 Out tare tlie plana of fair, deligbtfal Peace, ' Unwarp'dby party rage, to llvclike rothcr.a I Vol. XIX. FRIDAY, JUNE 26, 1818. No. 979. ADDRESS OF ARATOR. The following Addrw was made bv Johx Tatlor, Esq. the President of the Virginia Agricultural Society, on the 8th inst. .thojt tite rarrnxB." To fic Society of Virginia for promot- nir J zr culture. The chief obstacle to the mure? r t Society for1 p potrtotrng Agriculture in Vir ginia, in my view, is the morbid aversion to writing on that subject for publication. What man was without letters. Agricul ture would become without their use. Had ony science renounced the benefits rWJr-r 1 from the art of nrintiner. it "would have lingered far behind its s'ters in im pr'.ven.enU Sciences, universally the samV , enicy the great advantage of reap ing harvests from even." clime, and of be ing enriched by the contributions of eve ry language. But the subjection of Agri culture to the climate, soil and circumstan xes of the position, upon which she must exert her talents, renders her unable to extract a system from foreign composi tions, suitable to dissimilar meridians ; and exposes her to errors and disappoint ments, from incongruous imitations of fo reign practices. -itnhtinor' and rmhlishinsr. --are J IU1II, ""ft. t even more necessary for the improvement of Agriculture , th'n for the civilization & good manners of Mankind. Itinerant by on irvJe about his virtues and - - niuTimpnts. and attracts imitation by exposing them to view in numberless places to a multitude cf persons. Converts f mil pnpec inn i v u r iiiiuli ui v "ndthe ardour of youth to excel .onn -IT- ; orpt'i np. 15 anowenui auxiliary iu the force of example. The principles of moral rectitude are the same in every clime ; but the improvements of agricul ture are subservient to a vast variety of circumstances, immoveable, seen by few, surveved transiently, and beheld under xne ivijiiii.ij ui.cia.im, i't v mi uiv. of prejudice. Nor can the spectator catch ill il g Itiuifc; v inn ; o the most perfect agricultural system, -whilst he intuitively feels the force of good actions, and perceives at once the beauty of elegant manners. As every country must acquire agricultural knowledge by its own exertions, or remain ignorant, it ought to consider whether ingenious disco veries or skilful experiments, will not be generallv lost by changes of property, or buried m the tombs to which their authors are devoted, unless they are recorded ar.d circulated by the same means, which have saved science from oblivion, and spread civilization wherever it exists. Is there a man who would wish to carry out of the world a useful discovery he has made m "it, or who would not feel pleasure from the ref ection, that he mav be doing good to mankind after he is dead ? He who shrinks from publishing whatever may have this effect, commits an act he abhors, and loses the satisfaction arising from dis interested benevolence. No censure of the genius of onr country is intended by the observation, that it does not appear with much splendor in the science of .-Agriculture,: since the mind of man inot constructed for the comprehen sion of abstruse subjects, without study ; nor for the attainment of skill, without practice. An excitement to exercise its fjowers, must precede a display of its ta ents. The human mind is enfeebled by idleness, and rendered vigorous by exer tion. Bv compositions concerning agri culture, the writer will improve his own knowledge, awaken the understanding of others, and cultivate the only mode by which perfection is attainable. Without them, whatever may be the "genius of Vir ginians for the acquisition of accomplish ments by which they are adorned, it will become dormant as to those by which they must live. '. .;V.'y :;; The study of agriculture, and habit of writing upon the subject, will bestow upon the wealthy farmers no small portion of pleasure, by furnishing them with the means, of escaping from the irksomeness of too .r ch leisure, and from the regret of havii.g wasted time in unprofitable em ployments. Those placed above the ne cessity f bodily labor, must recompense themselves, bv mental, or sink into a state of apathy, unfriendly to health, happiness and virtue. What "subject can be better fitted for substituting activity for Vnguor, than one which can gratify self-interest, provide for the exercise of benevolence, and awaken the love of our country? The strongest reason which invites us to become attentive to the encouragement of agricultural publications, remains to be noticed. Agriculture, commerce and ma nufactures, are the three great objects of individual interest and national solicitude. To preserve, each ought to understand its own righ ts ; to lose them , ignora nee w ill suffice for either. Though agriculture may reed no charter, require no bounties, claim no monopolies, and ask for no legal augmentations of the prices of her commo dities, she may yet feel an Unpropitious le gal providence, and languish under injus tice. Though she may flourish in the en joyment of equal rights with her com peers, she may be stun '.td or even stifled by an unequal press uve.. Commerce ne ver confines her krowledge to the struc urc of her shijis aud the properties of the magnet ; nor manufacturing, to the pow ers of steam, and the fabrication of tools. Both are politicians. Both write, publish and petition, to gain improvement, justice or favor. Both sift the laws by which they are affected. Why should agricul- j ture connne ner attention to venicies anu lose sight of cargoes ? Why should she be j careful of her lands and her tols, and I careless of her crops ? Both her sixers 4na this straight road towards impover ishment, and renource the recreation to be expected from the soups of charity. F.very human interest inhabits a human heart, and every human heart pants for wealth, or competency. Ought agricul ture to be indifferent to blessings consider ed by her sisters as essential for human happiness, or rem ain iennrant of the ex tent to which their wishes may be grati fied, without injury to her rights ?Mayj she not at least be permitted to consider, whether bounties to expel competition, unlike premiums for exciting it, are l:ke ly to beget industry, perfection and econo my ; or idleness, want of dexterity and profusion ? Whether the English policy of forcing their manufactures into a com petition with those of all thi world ; or the policy of protecting ours against a competition in industry even with agricul ture ; is most likely to compass the end which both countries have in view f hive nr social interest, to flourish, must know whether it buys benefits or scourges. If agriculture has determined whether an j equal or an unequal distribution of rights among men, or between interests compos ed of men, is most suitable to her nature, or most likely to advance her properity she has solid ground to stand on for ma king this enquiry. If her political igno ranee is like a narcotic administered to a confiding virgin, no phvsician who wishes to see her vigilant in the preservation cf her treasure, can disapprove of her ac quiring an intimate knowledge of her own interest, and an acnt? discernment of such measures as mav ad va nce or obstn "tr it. How can she gain a capa-itv for tnis ' discrimination, so essential to her prosper ity, but by an industrious exercise of her best talents through the medium of the press ? ... : ':..' In a struggle for empire, even among the true, sound ar.d virtuous social inter ests, oitht agriculture to relinquish her pretensions to equal:ty, if net to pre-eminence, and taraelv yield up a nrire, to gain which she so largely contributed Perhaps a free and candid discission of j her claim to justice, may disclose pome j less worthy co rr petit or, whose prowess may evince the necessity tor a coabtin : between inose interests, ".f winded in prin- ciples of mutual right, and pure friend - Are not the consequences of such fan union to private happiness and public ft I prosperity, worthy of a diligent enquiry r ! ! Laws may affect agriculture, a.s well asj I . commerce or manutactuies : and lu-nce as powerfully require tiie attention of a j ! I society confined to that special object, as laws affecting commerce or manufactMres, require the attention of societies for tu:ir Z - M. L r l.I t 1 t M i improvement, vvouic: nor h resolution W ; i a societv for nromotinir coainicrce. inc.- mifactnres or internal ir;provements, to i disregard legal favor, justice or injury, j j ; and to repose in legal ignorance, be a re -: ; ' nunciatton ot the sr.ircv or sitccess, ana i ! prophetic of its fate ? The patriotic ad vocates for internal improvements, far j ; from confining themselves to matuema j ! tical discussions, contend, that legislation ' constitutes the source of their prosperity or decay, and laboriously investigate its j influence upon inferior ob jects. A re these 1 1 enquiries irrelative, or ought the cardinal :'. infurnol imnrnrpmpnt tr 'rvliili -f1! hi' j itl advocates, from acquiring a species of knowledge, even necessary for the pros i perity of her handmaids ? Is not a fair competition in industry under the shield ; of equal laws,between the interests which cover all, as necessary to excite emula- tion, & to produce improvement, as sitch a j competition among associated individuals? 1 1 Supposing that the maxim nc sutor ultra crefridanf is as applicable to a sci ! ence as to a cobler ; 5c that the votaries j ; of agriculture ought to stick to the plough, j I and continue to " whistle as they drive it ; l for want of thought," whilst, her friends a nd her foes are encouraged to become j cecpiy learnert in the subtleties ot legisla tion ; yet as no cne denies to them the ! knowledge and skill necessary to make ' good crops, because all eat ; it is super- fluous to consider, whether verbal com- municat ions and local examples ; or es j says and books, constitute the best mean j for effecting the end ; since all may be united, and each may operate in its own j sphere. Agriculture has certainly flou j.rished most in those con ntries where the press has been most extensively employ - en as an a"AU!iiry to example, its great eini auy pusMuiy ic ow u a qua lity of the mind, neither unfreqnent nor inoperative. It is a quality, often offend ed by the wisest lectures and the bright est examples ; but soothed by the appro priations it can make from reading; and delighted by a display of acquirements, dra wn from the comrnon reservoir of knowledge. To copy example, it looks upon as a species of plagiarism ; and therefore the most beautiful agricultural experiment unrecorded, would - be fre quently as ephemeral as the tints of the buttsrily. To -yield to verbal lecture, it abhors, as a confession of ignorance : and the excellence of advice is apt to strength en its. opposition. But the activity of this quality, unrestrained by the fear of degra dation, and excited by the hope of ap applause, may be enlisted through the press, and become highly useful in the improvement of agriculture. Whatever it can thence acquire, it will practice as its own and propagate-vvith 7eal and its treat share both of talent and industry, renders it a coadjutor worthy of being conciliated. Great social ends are ehected, by seizing a crisis in public opinion. During the predominance of a temper for emigra tion, inflamed by the cheapness and prox imity of ne w land, neither precept nor ex ample could demonstrate the propriety of improving the old, or subvert the ruin ous habit of killing, because we could flee from the corpse. But now when this ha bit is checked by the general appropria tion of good new land, by its high price, and by its increasing remoteness from commerce ; the public begins to look for prosperity in the true place, and to dis- fclose some ardour to discover a remedy ; tor an eyii, which emigration will soon I cease to furnish. As we cannot much j longer fly from worn out lands, and re I compence ourselves for unequal laws, by retiring to more fertile regions ; we shall j soon turn our eyes towards the means by : which we rrtav be enibh'd to live at home. Let not this new temper sfp at hope or ! evaporate in theory. Let it not be neg- lectedby a society for promoting agricnl I ture. Enlivened by writing, printing, ex- ampte and experiment ; excited by re j wards and encouraged by political-justice. , it is able to recover the tertilitv which has been 1 ost, and to prevent the ru in of the state, which is impending. Neglected, it wiH gradually sink into despair, and the fnver'ib!e moment for effecting an object, filled with gratifications for all classes of society, may possibly be lost for ever; jmj??J:j? FOR TIIE REGISTER. Further Rpfiiarks on Srund. Kven attempts at the improvement of philosophy, in any degree, ought to be en couraged for there can be no improve ment made in the knowledge of things a round us, but what national firosfieriiy is the sure attendant. There can be no danger that a sniatterer can ever shake the Utrrary icorki from their fortifications. and the ether part o f T e co umumty iviif not read, nor can thev veil understand these kind pj' xjiec'atationH. TJiere is no dn?frer, and there is alw ays hr pes. The smallest hbpe ought to be cultivated and cht:r:hd ly a rr. f;e9filr. 1 shall have finished nil I have to siy 1 1 in this paper, for I shall have gone thro the circle I proposed. But I hpe it will ; be, at some future period, in my pow er to col lect toget :er in a more ui - gcsTea mass tne sDauerea fragments oi what I have written. I was, 1 confess. ,.n,COl! rn r,.'.KJi i . r . . .. r . ami Mr Isaac rewron, to wit : on tne at traction and repulsion opemling on th ocean ; and with difficulty observed the combined effect of both attraction and repulsion, from meridian and horizon, and that the horizons of sun and moon are in the same points twice in each lu naton, to wit, at full and change, &c- ' The velocity and momentum of air is equal to its gravity, this is equal to 15lbs. on the square inch, therefore its greatest velocity, as it is that of a body falling 3 J feet, is about 48 feet in one sccend ; the velocity of sound is equal 1144 feet iu one second ; the velocity of sound, to air, is as 1 to 26. Twenty-six degrees, of motion, therefore, can be given the elastic medi um, without affecting the air. This un disturbing communication of sound is of much use among animals ; but when the sound is greater, the air is then movcd and then the mode of moving is a subject of our senses, for its tremors can be felt. This undulatory motion of air we feci, re minds me of the appearance of ascending heat from a warm bodv, or from a vxirm sun ; this appearance is also undulatory. Sound is communicated with more facili ty, by as much as the medium is more dense ; thus a frosty morning is an enlar ger of sound, for this medium is more dense ; and because this elastic atmos phere is a property of matter ; in solid bodies it is more dense than in the gases of atmosphere, and therefore solids are the best conductors of sound ; the small est noise made on the end of a log of tim ber, can he distinctly heard at the other extremity of the log, by applying the ear, which could not be heard in the atmos phere; and, indeed, the hand cannot be placed upon a beam of timber without! hearing it at the other extremity; I was pleasingly entertained the other morning with the additional vibrations given to a violin which was played a hundred yards from our church. I heard distinctly the same tune replayed in the1 church, and issuing from the doors ; these experiments show the density of the elastic, medium in solids: thus the contained matter becomes more readily moved by the vibrations of sound in solid bodies ; and for this reason, the wood of the violin &c. aids the music, &.c Further, by th ese reflections we learnathat Uiis eloitic medium b connect: ed together in. every part of the system. And though there is an elastic atmosphere or principle attending all matter, yet there is a circulating principle of the same kind introduced by light iron the sun as albodies or matter receive of this principle, whatever it be called, in pro p' rtion to their matter ; they also receive from tins circulating mediitni, of this their quantum as all bodies are filled in this proportion, the large body will attract the small, being negative with respect to the lesser body ; this matter, accumulat ing at the centre of the earth, beeomes so dense, that it issues it forth in another torm, in quantities firofiortionatle to what rece-ved. This we believe the case with the sun, and in the atmosphere at north pole, we see appearances which seem to justify us in this explanation of tne process ofraturc, in carrying on her works,- I nis is the best idea I can form ot gravitation among solid bodies. tt American Citizen. BY AUTHORITY. Aa act supplementary la the $ct, e.u tlM ' act to authorhe thtf state. nf Ttn'n. see to issue grants and perfect titles to cer tain lands, therein described, and to settle tle claims to the vacant and unappropriated land within the same," passed the eigh teenth of April, o.,e thousand eighthundred and six. :- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ' Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That it shall be lawful for the state of Tennes see to issue grants and perfect titles on all special entries and locations of lands in the said state, made pursuant to the laws of North-Carolina, before the twenty-fifth day of February, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ainety, which v,ere good and valid in law, and recognized by the act of the said state of North Caroli na, commonly called the cession act, pass ed the day of December, one thou sand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and which lie west and south of the line de scribed in the act to which this is supple mentary ; and also to issue grants and perfect titles on all warrants of survey, . interfering entries and locations, which j might be ix moved by the cession net of, North-Carolina aforesaid, and which are j good and valid in law, and which have.; not been actually located or granted, east ! and north of the aforesaid line ; and all t interfering grants hich are good and va- ; lid in law, or the warrants or certificates j legally issued, in consequence of such in- ? tprvPi,pn'"P nn lanrl li-ir,r n1t A I mjiiij Auuiu aiivi nvok ' of the said line, ii the manner, and under the same and similar rules, regulations,! and restrictions, as are prescribed by the I laws now m force in the said slate of Ten nessee, for issuing grants and perfecting titles on claims of a like nature for lands lying north and east of the said lines. Sec. . And be it farther enacted, That previous to issuing a grant or perfecting a title on any cf the claims herein before de scribtd, the warrant, or other legnl evi dence of such claim, shall be laid before the commisuener cf land claims for West Tennessee, for the time being, appointed by the authority of the said state, and ap proved by 'aim as valid, upon sufficient le- ! gal evidence being adduced of such validi ty, according to the rules and regulations prescribed by the laws of the said state now in force, for deciding on" warrants & other land claims of the like nature, au thorised to be perfected into grants, north and west of the aforesaid line ; and upon such warrant, or other legal evi dence, of any of the claims afoicsaid being declared valid by said commissioner, it rShall be lawful for the surveyor of the proper district, or county, to lay off and survey the same, in the manner prescrib ed by the laws of the said state in similar cases, and return such survey to the re gister of the land offic e of West Tennes see, who shall thereupon be authorized to make out a grant thereon, to be executed by the Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary of the said state, in the man ner provided by the laws of the same : Provided, that no surveys shall be made, grants issued, or titles perfected, by virtue of this act, for any land to which the In dian claim has not been previously extin tinguished. Sec, 3. And be it further enacted. That those persons who have had surveys made, and obtained grants from the state of North Carolina, since the twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eleven, for lands lying within th state of Tennes see, shall, upoii surrendering such grants to the said commissioner of land claims for West Tennessee, for the time being, to be cancelled and vacated, be allowed to produce the entries, warrants, or other e vidences, 6T claims, upon which such grant were fotuided ; and if the said claims shall be deemed good and valid by the said com iniscioner, then it shall Le lawful for the state of Tennessee to issue grants and perfect titles on suck Claims in the same manner as if no such grants had been issued by the state of North-Carolina. H. CLAY, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN GAILLARD, President of the Senate, pro tempore. April 4, ljI8 Approved. JAMES MONROE. A act fixing the time for the next meeting' . of Congress. ' Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States if America, in Congress assembled, Th.c after the adjournment of the present ses sion, the next meeting of Congress shall be on the third Monday in November next,' - .... April 18, 18 IS Approved. ' JAMES MONROE. An act concerning the territory ofAlabamc Beit enacted by the Senate and House of R 'pretentatives of theUnited States of America in Congress assembled; That any person cv persons who have, or mav. ! hereafter purchase, from the U. States, one quarter section or more of land in the Alabama territory, and shall have paid, o-ie-fourth part thereorr, as the law ia such cases requires, and shall have ob tained a certiucate of the proper land of fice to that effect, shall be competent to hold any ofuce of honor or profit in the said territory, any tiling in the ordinance or former laws of the United States to thp contrary notwithstanding. April 9, 1818-Approvel, JAMES MONROE. An act making' further appropriations for the construction of Cumberland road. Be it ettactedbtj the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Inierica in Congress assembled. That -the sum of fifty two thousand nine hundred and eighty four dollars and sixty cents.be ! appropriated for the claims due and re maining unpaid at the Treasury, on ac I count of tl!e Cumberland road, to be paid j out oi any money m the Treasury not o- uvrwiae appropriated. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That to meet the demands which will be made under existing contracts, on account of the Cumberland road, the sum of two hundred and sixty thousand dollars be, and the same is herehv annrrnriatpd. to j be paid outfcf any money in the Treasur I rr t r fl -... . , j wmcrivjic appropriateu. JAMES MONROE. April 14, 1818 Approved. An act to abolish the port of delivery estab hshed at the mr.uth of 6 lade's cretk, :n the state of X'orth-Carclinau Be it enacted by the Senate and Ifcuse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assrmbled. That from and after the thirtieth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen the pert of delivery established at the mouth of Slade's creek, within the district ot Washington, and state of North-Carolina, shall cease, and the office, authority, and emoluments, of the surveyor of said port shall also, from thenceforth tes minute c be discontinued. April 18, ltflS. Approved, JAMES MONROE. An act regulating the pav and Emoluments Cj Brevet Officers. Be it enacted bxj the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress aunnbled. That the officers of the army, w ho have brevet commissions, hall be entitled to and re ceive the pay and emoluments of then' brevet rank when oa duty, and having a command according to their brevet rani, and at no other time. See. 3. And beit jurther enatted, That no brevet commission shall hereafter be conferred but by aud with the advice and consent of the Senate. April 16, 2818. Approved, JAMES MONROE. NOTICE. THE subscriber obtained Jitters of A1 ministration at . the County Court of Chatham, May term, 18l8, on the rights and credits of SiLvjnca Stokxb, formerly of slid county deceased requests all persons in debted to the Estate to make immediate pay ment, and those having claims, to bring them forward, properly authenticated. GEO. LUTHER, Admr. June 12 77 iw THE PROSPECT COM PAN Y7 HAS erected a BOARDING HOUSE near Union School House, about one mile south out WooSy's Ferry on Haw River, Orange County, in which will be. admitted 10 or 12 BOARDERS; who may be taught in Union School, the fol lowing branches of Literature : Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English. Grammar, whh the Artcf Scanning Poe try, Geography, Drawing, Painting, Em broider)', and other kinds of Needtc-work. Mar t M ex d e :; a a l l, the p re3cn t Tu toress, has taught some years ; and ic well recommended for her competency and qualincaiions as a tutoress. She will re side at the Boarding House. Her assidu ity and attentiou to the Studies of her pu pils, and her excellency of conduct, it is presumed, will be highly conducive to ex i cite morality and virtute in those who may be com iu it tea to ner care. Boys wili not be permitted to continue in the Boarding-House after they are fifteen-years of age. Terms, S16 50, for Board & Tuition a Quarter, which sum must lie paid iu advance. For farther information, euquire of Thomas, Newlin, ISAAC SUG ART, President 5th mo. 1st nay, HIH. 76 3w V;