fr tut
V-Vtf ft?
i -f- . -u' v; tl'' '' '.
t-d -. . . -;
4 ifsV5 :
AND
'l
Oortaretbe ptana of fair, jc2i; httal Peace,
Unurarp'd party rae. to live if Ve Rrottiera."
Vol- XIX.
FH ID AY, JULY 1 0, 131 8,
No. 981.
MM tei oil; K
i ll I !
- ADDFSS BY Mr MADISON, !
Laf rrN:fent mine I tuted St:its, to the ' J
A gric i i turd S- cietv ol V h rr.arle County,
V f. of which he is President ;
Jt having pleased toe society to t nme
jne r lair presiding member, I fee: it a
cnt.on m' fir arpeavinamoiijr you, to
jt. :.t m acknow!cdsments, for that ho
norary distinction ; with the assurances
t f n:- siocere de-ire to promote the suo
Cf.:, of an establishment, which has in
view so valuable an object as that of im
proving the agriculuire of our country.
- The faculty of .cultivating", the earth,
and " f rear'ng an' m ils, by w hre'h -f od is
increased beyond the spontaneous supplies
of nap. re, bt longs' to man alone. No ether
terrestrial being has received a higher
gift, than an instinct, like that of the bea
ver or the ant, winch merely hoards for
future use, the lVod spontaneously furnisli
ed by nature. ; -.H- - :, .
As this peculiar faculty gives to man a
pre-emieacc over irrati.-n.il animals : sc
ic is the use nitsde cf it by some. anI tfat
liCect of it by other cmniutiitiis, thu
dist in cuish the m from euc Si other in the
n.ost inipertaiit features cf the- human i
chr.r .cter. :r j
''ho rnrtrn hrtvrn th n:io-ht'rrf1 '.
andv H-u-d i.-atv.-t .n s.ne pan? .f the ; ;
ei;r.
n'.t
i r:;
an;
w n ct t (I tribes i
;.r.n'otU"ers'v'h'a:i.ts i
'tion.-'"' Civiiiza'i- n is uvver
a"il4re-" "ror "'hs '"n'rul.'ure evri -
p'vuAr.ih'd, uhert ! eriil'ztd aru-dni
seen witllf ut
- ke their api; ir.:iice. .:-:::M
Ku' eloMdv as ; grtcaku
ion .lUc'd rueVd.n t ki ej) p e W
I tion
t each other. I iu re. is
pub ( iv :y nujci: j'
u:e in China and 'z
hit !er state of agncul t
Ja- n, th.tii in U!at, titer c :i: tr.cs far
j.v, ; t udv;.:: c(! l.i the m;rr ;: f it ,t
civiiizt tliia. It is su? e!y no ;:'.di re, cvrh
to the iak r, that . vv i:ii so ri ea" a ; ci
ori'v in scit :;ce and io the ;;.!h r j i.sv s
,ii.il'( fthv :.'i f i" '.r-.v, ;. y vi; r.f
Icr uis 1 t; . .r r ; p. d ;o the
ver art o
yh;C a i M u e es--ci,ti;.ih
tl!s. '...cvb ! jv .'Hi toe ui u:v i it ... i n.
It iL.t rta be UikitcC, howeA e!'. from ! 1
the canv:cit;cs a; d t ;;e -motiv t s t.f niai. I
for an aiunt aal UiCieuse :i t::e n; orh:c f
".. - . . . '
ti; ns of the tavt lV.: that the trositioi. f, . hi i
the hunter, er t yen tiie ht i an state, ;
t t; e ai : iridiurai, is a m.i'.f. r i
irse, -i I-.
The t.!t itcps in this tr;Hv iofv a:e titir:r,r"
tc..: ; on :tmeu:ty ; am; v. is uuae, ; ,
tv; a; 4.:- - ..-aa.h n. ' v r":. :--- i
u ut a ku w ledge cf tiie metals, ti j
tht i'i ; i n.entsr.Kide of tiu t:., tie process t
off pet. lag; andsuriing the si!. is i.-t an
a V cpo aiiiai ; tiTovigh or.t, p- i ..haps, not
reoirii mg narc t ilVrt ai d c nii h .tuc e, !
than I n.c'ueeu : ae liirtrunici.ts ueu hv . '
savaei s in war and iii tlie chv:se. j .
And ti.r.t there is a di-i' cl u 4tl n in i
human uAlure to exchange ti e s ;.v";- ;;e for
the sihxd life, cannt t bt: uesu.-red
Wi tit id not .Uie.k,r.:rim;ctv-'oevoU:
own r:tii,h!orlio..d. The Ijaihm ti ibes
have e er shewn an aversion to the
ch. nge. Ntit'.t r- the perso ivej xauv
pies f plenty and cou.ftu't cviier fr -m
th ctihure of the a.i t.i b i'i-ir whhi;
hre.thi en, nor thy lessons a:.tl spc imens
of tillage placet! :i ihe mit'sti f thv ai. d
j-foend d i) actu ,.'' i.' ffov'u.s iV:n a '.ich
cient and '.precarious sub stentf, ji;;e
roMerted them from their sti i ti"- !!!; "a
nn.l fiiibvinkl liuiTuits in tin-.s i
I spo it, thev aln s Dc-'cv - v:-' an" ah xa. u i's-
i posiaon to retuni to uieir pn i.uc me, ai
terbel-ig weaned fir,m it by time, a;al ap-
pnreit iv aiosuueu ; ov intellectual ana '
na rai mvruction, into the haluts ik. tastes
rf an agricaittiral people. A still nv re
cohchisiye Evidence of tlie bias of human
nature is sceu-in the familiar fact, that
our ewn people, UM std and reared in
: . . ". . ... t . . ... a. ...
lilt he O'vsJ, IS uilH JLi.-5tl. tv.ailV MUiV jaio .
the se (if the savage, and are rarely re- i
claimed to civihzca soc iety v iih their own
consent. !
Had the Europeans, cn tlicir arrival. !
found this ccutineitt u stiiute t.f Uamaii
inhabitants, whose riangen us neighbor-!,
hrd kt!;t them in a o mpc: a..a agri- I'
cultural state, and had their coumaunca- i
tion with the c. u.u tries-- they le it, been I ;
d.i.seonti.iued ; they itogiit haye spread :
themelves ir.to ti.e f resls v. lure t ame '
I atHl trti is wtiu'd havca;oinideti ; anu gra-
I !aai!y h.rgetting the art no 1-tig. r nef-.s- :
..vy to their mant diate wants, uae ue-
ia rated into savage tribes. v j
-I Aa admired histt rian, in his enquiry 1
1 in; the origin of tiie .tuei ican sav es, ..;
r p'esei.isany thch degeneracy as impos- i
m . Ie.; lie lays it down as a certain rp:rin
etpje, that toe necessary arts oi hie, w nt n f , uu supjfisii;on cannot will be reccn
iv.ev iutreduceifatrtong a petpie, can he- cuy'd with that sv nimetrv in ihe face of
ver ue u;m ; tnae tne uomaniou over iu;e-
ii r aniu.aL trce enjoyed, will never be ,
ao-aiiUojie-u j and th tt Ameriea, " conse- p
taa'at'y, must nave !. eh peopled irom a
to a - ? v as lujcivili'i'cti as itself. Yet he
i :vis the America:, sav.tt cs, general'.) ,
If!
t::e i arti'i s, w h; e example must
I have 'tautrb't the in- th n -e . i ri t .i;tv :Vih-
1 r ;n" Vt hich ;i substiiute n.igiil h.4e
i i-,eiv tcuad in the bison or baalo at least
I I ( :ae s:.u:e ; animal wuh the caw) it nt;t in
J ' '" c 1 t: '- H'oose, or the caraJiot
rcat tis the Eiatiitiiaux. a tribe
t.'-.-. a m sa- ei ai respects, p r tneir
-' !..'H.-vUM :i, as tiesceiidunt from the
" , '-'e : . tan jtr.s iin ii .: !. Kt...o.. t. '
i
, ,- ' ..m.i.u jii..uv... ...4 li.v
v : n t tie i;s ive.) w ho Wei e a colon v h mi
2 Vv..-, plalil.i i.t 'Jic
iiu.iu centurv :
an ennch prior to ndvch the Norwegians :
had made such progress in the art-, ns t
be capable of formidable maritime expe-
ditums. rl he (Ireoidand colony there-
ore must have ur.der,f no a degeneracy
from the condition of its parent count r . j
Without supposing the possibility- of a
transition from a better state of hum in
society, to a savage sta te, how would t he ,;
learned histor; in have accounted f?r the j
introduction of tin- savage-state at ill
The bent of human nature may he tra- !
ced on the chart of our own Country. The i
manufacturer readilv exchanges the too 1
for the n! "lsrh, in ormosition often to his 1
own
interest; as well as to that f this
countn 1 nc cultivator, in situations r
presenting an option, prefers to the labors l
.(t tne ncia, tiie more easv empiovmeu ot;
j rearing a herd. And as the gan.e of the i ' P' -printed t the one or few plants best
forest is approached, the hunting life dis-j h'tcd f;r human use.
plays tht ft.rce f its attractions. Where j Whethe r the f -od or constituent mar
do we behold a march in the onnosite di- i i trr : vept tables,' be furnished from the
reckon ? the hunter becoming the herd
man: the lattir a follower 'f t'ie iJu;. a ;.
j and the last repairing to th e :. m anuf aci'o'rv
ot the worksnop. ,
Such, iiuleeh is the fascination of tlrat! !
personal independence which l;ei:-nt;s o j j
the uncivilit d state, and ucl th- disre-
):sh M1'1 of ;K nonotrnnus !a-
1 ' 1 1:1 s i.uwi en i.n i'it- t-xcv
; 1 ting occupy tit ns of the ciiase, or with the
V0 - '''01'15''' n,cre 'iraiits of rrHure, or j
'jn ;';V"at(u y i1.. rks, that a vv nnt;i-: :
- .? . '-v . m - i.".:-i
V; (' b;
1 r 1 l;ier nuvvts ;;
' ;g- ucigrof rs, ti; ui wtnctv i; i
!,e d'orred that even the germs .f! '
ag r g : Iture , observed in '. ihi ir ;.pot s.: i
; ni Mze. ;'( a i-v other "ultiared pfims,
: ', h' f ue t!e . i pt i! an the extent
;jlm'.'';e : b- an -g cwtu, ai ii:-. To th i
; ; hit it t-'-w u t Cij ri.ii' aie.i wi :, i!ic r t.? e
; tut iiishc'1 by fh f rest iiin bv ihe l ike 'i
C'l hy fh f ivst iiid by lb
a;M. iu.ir p.oohit?:.!. md h..!iit i i
. " the sr
are
t -1 ! is-ol. There te. -v he
sai
sn
jf tct, to he a nam of tne a avfu-;
r;,llsf !t o:inensurat e wivh iheir ff
lu s ca;,nt oe int eatvl w Kll- tit
:A ilci,lht: OI u toits. wn-r s;t :og t atiiiie:'.; ,iu.
4ttni v, .ocnsi&v, ;dii not caii-;
of ;
. tiien.-t Ives.
"The Erst ir'rductjrn x f airici;hure a ;
- 0i
' K v-r at ye: ?o hav. r;.x -:i oi-. without j J
s. tr.i. ex; lanruhv. rr ir,r ,iv. :::., : Vlii; re.'i
it has n t been ob-t ;;d-; hs eoi :r.nv- j
pl.iuted from agrit u'tm d con .trics, as
v rn i'T.ce-uc'a ai;d r.rvj.t hto (i: ec-,
j and. trom Xi ret ve ' ei- am ;. - r.-. rsi
j v;ic: nt Vabors. the rvi-h't'-tt-'ias pro-:
; C'oi.'ii iv s:-,:;k- it.. t" .. i .1. u '.o-- vin-
ga.ur i : o u rv, u. v,; - ou.'
)1C
'-i-' s, a.:. .encr. h:m .;n
a at cende hey' ;
;;re . ; ref to I
jor ihe t-nrp' se. A:':
i rs. i:, tie -
w. .
re
ri.o, e
t M ..
i f m
iron, saai '
co i
ae r
' the
. A ver-.
S - t..
i : i
utwy ; i
r;'v " '' i !'" v .:ha-, .; -i..te,J
'p1'-::' --''
p-;r, .. ;-;the : .. t :i..a:. -. io w tv,
i, iot-;..k:;nse:tts the; ohpi:hig of j
u , ?: '.; j i
:hitre '..nc$'foj;Ctnay
:i't i' ' j! t i .:- c .f '.j.fii r i-o; ub' s ;
on n ctv a : o. ' i v- n :;.. 'i fi l.v !
! cef
j-.tt'--t!a;re:::-;:;.:i:,;::;:'!i'i-'..t..!e yrrs ;
oti' c
(.vet eas t o s-ii t lan mes a somi
( I ' o t . i r V ;,-; w n c li h : ' ! ; : ; ti ' ? ! i e l
spur
i" -
X;?vitzifry acqais;:ioh
r ',r:,-:: i mp .civsueti st. te. Am
;lhus a pri-gtv ssh e agriculture, ar.d a pif-;
! ' gress:ve p' pulation ensue. f
1 1 fhit altlu a-gh no tieterniinafc limit pie- i
j : Sen;s itself to the increase of to d, and tit!
.', a pr pnlation cemmensnrute witii it, t!h ; :;
t ... t!;.. I ! i ti ..'. , , . . .". : . ; r . . '
. J in: V I Jl 1 l.l,! ntilt is (III 't
e.irth -.itself, wt can scartety be warrant
ed in supposing that all the pntduet e
powers of its surface can be made sufjser
vient to the use of man, in exclusion of all
the plants and animals not entering into
his st-. ck f subsistence ; that all the ele
mtiits autl combinations of elen ents in
the earth, the atusospiiere. and the w. tcr.
iiichnow sup rt sucli varitais and such
numerr us desei'pvirns t'f created beings,!
animate and inanimate, cc uld lie wiih-l
uraw n irom that general destuiaiion, and
appropriated tthcixt lusive snimort and j
ipcreaHe o the htint m part f the crea-
tion; so that tl.e winle habitalile earth
should be as full (if iper pie, as the sT)ots
most crowded now are or miy-ht be made
ami s tlestitutc as those spots, of the
pi icts and annna.U not used by inah.
Rami e, v uteu tienves new heauty from
cverv iiKiLdu that can be gained into it.
It is ! .roithien also by the ir:ncinles anrt
laws which operate in vrlia. depart
; mcnts of her economy, uilling within thy
; scope of common observation!, as a ill as
.wu.ii m uiauot pmioiopnic researc ies. ,
Tte earth contains not less than thirty
or f)i ty thousand kinds p: plants : not
less than six or seven hundred of birds ;
n r less than three or four hundred of
quatlnipeds ? to say nothing of the thou
santl species of fishes Of reptiles and
it; sect-, there are tn- re than c in b - num
'. re 1. To all these m ist be added, the
v v anus .'.ai id aii ties of animalcules audi
..u'lv-riuie ..; ye t.e tables; not ..Visible to the ha
ruiaieye, but whose existence is priba
i'lv rfitan cttd a ith that of visible animals
aad p.auts.
On coniparino: t'ns vat pr--fuii"n and .
mnltiplicify of beirgs with the f-w grai:.s .
nd srrassr s, the few herbs and roctsvand '
'he few fowls and qnadrupv which .
nnke np the short list adapted to the j
v a nts rf man : it is dinlcult to bolieve ' j
that t lies wit h him, so to re-nule5 the I
vrt k of nature ;is it would be Tc-nvdell?d; '
by a desirurtion not onlv of individuals, j I
'.v-tot entire species ; and not only of a-
few specicsbrit of every snecies, witi i i
the vi -y Vw exceptions which he miglit I
span; f r his own accommodation.
Such a mulup-ictjn of the !u:n j !
r ice, at the expence r.f c rest of the or- I
g:uH7.ed creati n, ..'mnlit's that the food of
uii plants w omi" seel of elemen s ennal- '
ly indiscrimit ately nouris!iing all, and '
w niciv-conscnuentiv- .may De-.wnoily -.r.n- '
earth, the ar .r water ; and ivhether di- i
rer'Iv, r by either thr.ogh the medium
the oti:ws, n- sufpefenf er und appears i
tor tne iritcrence that the food for all isi
the s muv
DiiT. ti. nt p!ar.ts require different soils ; '
some ft. Ur's iine: Ui sandv, some in clavev. I
I s"nip in u oist, soinfr in dry s ils ; 'omein
, w firm, s.mc in chl situations. Mar.v i'
, grow oi.'y m water and a few subsist
111 i
I I
v - .-..- . v.. u iiib,ii;r u'xun es,.
ancV the qualities of pUruts, hit stilf
o:-wr .ip d. That things so ariou
more
..rj - ""wruii in meir organizations, their (
sheuIU i
precisely tne same elements, requires ;
more pn,,f th in has yet been ofTered. j
A case whir h has been relied on to
; prove th;'t dHc rent toxN are not necessa- j
. rv f . r dirr.r ot phi t is that f f grafting
; '' in cul air r oor- kind of nl mt on ano- : ;
: ie:- kn it ; t s:ip oftin":d by tlie strck
.vind to fci and pet fect j
the ft. Bai' thK eperati-n has' its li- !
W-'-ts J t !oeN n -t t xtead be ond plants
a ai:; a cert ,i?i flruiiy. The :appfe tr c '
m ty be planted n the 1 ear or quiT.ee. 1 1 j
iiuccei d o?: tiie pe Vch or the rherrv. ;
it- tu
. i
cas '.-. pi -o e that tne same food sut
efrs t ' r t i i t: a t j d e '" t'd the pear ; they e- ,
pi-'-b" or ve thai f!:0Vrtm f ods arv re- j
p r ed tor toe
tor the 'ppl- ;n! t he j leacii. It is !
tin, rise iVmt from the ne.tch ;
;-v,if on the -lm;nd, is not precisely the
same, with tlu-.t ft.m a ptach eraft on a
pcucu g;
t;;t:m.
Jt tuav be j aeix-1 as an; ther argument
to the same . fJVc:, tn; t .11 animal ard ve
tretablc cU.cempo'sitio;; answer i tidiscr im-inateh-
;vr m oau es. The frtci is not prc-
ce! s . y "ttam m raovs v:
i:h a i tain plants. t is ti'
irreed best
ievert!ie !
es , t i at :n; t:-l a a 1 ve ct hie s1 b ta net s .
a dec r. ; M tl ;.t: !r, art , getivr.dly, j ;
; i -o,-!, v. ; -i j.( j-1 s 1 1 -fven, an ; :o oat H
, . '-:m !'.- t r, ;s M.cfessialiv used as a j
) : ' I' u n '-r:' i.n 1 ot':er cr :s. !
I .. .. C .. I . f- . -.v.--- 1
Ivr th S or: s:(,,:1;m- e" Hni;l s m tv e only '!
-h t se.ive : .p etiients are the same in all i
not that all the in j'j
gt eo;ei s it. cacli - re the same. ' ' !
f i. r
r;u :h.,u'rh as vet a fe'lw ; i
stn .eat, as r , ; n5 a pn eeprr f the j
at.etition to the H
res .b of h? ';C(-V.e From that s- urcf ;
we irrn t:!:,f ?hr Tm.nK.i- ir,Bn il,.. ii
merns, n-t yet ;ecomi'-sabh. is between . :
. y oiu m. , ti;a; ahotn seven r ev at ; ,
.bt'h-;ng;io:;thc orgat: of:Vp1antii'ahat,tlift:t;'
' frent elmanys eiuer jiwo the comp- si- !
tion :of the - same p'ant ; and t hat they are !
yoiiihificG in difivrer.t niimhers and iu dif- 1 .
. ... . . ... i-.i
fei eut proportions, in difTcrent pi aut,
Supj.o ing then as must be supposed, that i t
these auxetenr th tnent, in their actual
qu nttir. s and pr f)- l ti tis, are ad np'ed to ,
io- 'pian't i tit s and the proportiens f the ; j
T-spg varieties of plants; it would hap-- J
pen -it so great a.cha::ge as that in ques- ;
j ti n : v h i t speCt to tive number ami va- 1
j riety of plants, that the quantities and the '
j n p rtions of t!ie eienients, would not be i
adajited U the particular kinds and num.-
f beis of pl-uits :;. retained.'' by man for his j
own use. Like the types ot the alpha- '
bet, apporti iied to the words composing 5
a particular book, when applied to an
ther b k materially diiTei ent in its c n- !
tents, there would f)e, of some a deficien- ,
cy, of others a useless surplus. ;
Were it less difficult to admit that all v
the sources t)f productiveness could be
ex cl . iv ely a ppr opri ated to the foed of
nvan, is it certain that an obstacle to his '
indciioi e multiplication would not be en -.
countered in one ot the relations between
j the atmosphere and organized beings? i
Annuals, including man, and plants,
may be regarded as the most important '
part of the terrestrial creation. They are ;
pre-eminent in their attributes ; and all '
oatnre t? ems with their varieties cc their
itrukitudes, visible and invisible. To all
f them the atmosphere is tiie breath of
I fe. l ieprived of it, they airequali- pe- ;
. ish. lut it answers this purpose by ir- j
me of its aporopriate constitution and
character. AYhat are tiiese ? J
I iie atmospitese is not a simple but a ;
Ci 'iipi uid body. In its least compound j
state, it is understood to contain, besides !
what is called vital air, others noxious in :
themselves.yet without a portion of which, !
Ihe vital air: becomes noxious. But the j
atmosphere in its natural state, and in its
onunaiy communication wun tne organi- ;
zed vvoric, comprises various ingredients
or mod hies tions of ingredients derived
from the uic made of it, by the existing
variety of animals a"d plants. The ex-j
halations.; and pers; iriti"ns. the efR'lvia j
and transpirations of these, are contiui d-
ly ehanging the atmor,!hero with a hete- :
.. . t i
. cuev;us variety '.iul i)!ii("v rjua
"i inuuer, wmcn toij tiier must coutnnute J
;,f . , -.
to the character wliich fits it for its des- J
tioed purpose of s'pp.rting the life a d f
s-vna'de to sappoe, that if iasie .d .f. ta
actual com cshion and character of the
;ninial and vege able crt-ati n, t which
the atmosphere i now accommodated,
uch a composition and characr-.-r of that
creation, were -.substituted.--' as would re
viit trom a i eductu n of the whole to nv.n
and a few kinds of animals and plants ;
i the supposition unreasonable, that the
chan'ir niltrht essentially afiVct the atiti-
tu f of the atmosphere for the functions '
rcquirefl ot u ; and that so gp-eut un inno
vation oiight be found in this respect, not
o . auvni w:th Uie order and eco.icrnv ct I
nature ?
I he relation of t!ie animal oartand the
veg -table part cf the creation to each o-;
tliet T throng') the medium of the atmos-
pheix?, conn sin aid of the reflection su-i
gested y the ge leral ivl atiou between !
the atm 'spilt! : arai both. It secu.s to be
now wei ur.deitood,t!iat the ataiophefe
when ivspjred.by. animals,. becomes u. .fit
ted 'or their f:rt!itr use, atal hired f r
the absorption of vegetables ; ind that
when evoUed by the latter, ;t is t ef.ttei
for ihe respiration of tlie former ; an inV-i
terchange bei ag thus kept up. b which ;
this breath cf hie ; is received by each, in
a wh ile-o ne siaie, in re urn fr it in an
unwh it-s !!.e -i;e.
May it n t '.e co ncluded from this -.d-mirable
arra gemeut and beautihd fea
ture in the economy of n.iture, that if the
u hole class of animals were e:cth ga iv d.
tne use t.'ie a'niosphere b t:,
b!e cl;ss alone i -iild :vii.o:st h i
e i
M f -a;atr.
'supporting -power ; uiat, la oke a
it the wis: le el ss ,f vegetate were x
tinguished, the use of it by the animal
class, al oue. would deprive h f its ft
uess for their supp.ut? And if sue
suppor
wouM be the ttf-ct f an" e:i,:re destvue
ti( n t f citlier class, in rel ttion to t e o- '
ther, the inft rer.ee ;eems t-v'- press itself
njou us, th it so vast a eli n;g m tiie
proportions' tf each clas to tiie otiierand
ui the species composing the respective
ciiise, i's ihat in queati ai, might ra t be
co.npati le ith the continued existence
and heal ih of the remaining species of
the two -'.classes'-.
The immensity of the atmosphere,com
p .red with the m s of animals and ve-
g. tables, forms an apparent objeeti-at t-n-
.v to this view of the subject.'. Ttie com-
panson ci u'ai at nicst suggest questions
as to tiie period of time l ecessary to ex
haust the atmosphere t is imrt i.cwkI
capacity, ttv kee alie animal tr ve;..eta
Llc -nat .r;-. when deprived., either, of the
su; p:rt i f the other. And this peri d
Contracts itself .t .nceu the iniagination,
when it is recoil' crcd that the ima.eii: ity
tlie atuiosplicre is the eJRct f its eias
tieit.; ae.d rarefaction. We kn w from
tiie .barometer, that condensed to the
specifc gravity of mercury, us rise above,
tne surface of the earth wouid be but a
bout tf.irtv incites; and ..from the well
pump, taat condensed to the sj.eciiic gra
r r:-!
vity tiniy of -..'waier. Which' is neatly. the
same vviih hat tf the tium a., b dy, its
rise would be little more: than as many
teet : that is. a Jutlemote than ine tunes
til human , tture. It i. f a.nd that a :
single hnniao pers einoloes'ln respira
ti hi not less han sixt en t r cighiecn times
his own weight oi conimtai air,-in'every )
is twenty fur hoars. In cliJleretit degrees,
sct.ne greater, ionu less, the ease is ine i
same with most other ani.n its. Plants
tit-ike' a" correspondent use of air for their i
purposi-s.
To be continued ii our next.
EY AU 1 li OR ITY.t j
". . 1 . j
An act d rectaig the manner of .ippoaiting 1
Ind.an Ag-nts, and cott.nujiisr tlie" net for
esiam M..itraa,nff ..ouow wit uic iuuu , CflUirt i,(i J. ttrn defcer bed,' th, I'r- si-
XU . - f , r. - . 1 1 dent ol ihe U .ited Stats is auii cms' tl la
fie it enacted bytne Znia eand House j re? utU , Ufli$ for &c:fl , for1ov7: tl
of Representatives of Ihe LtuU d btate c?.,trlt hm a UmU to be U 0. fi i..t. tr.-n
c.f 4meiica in Cun gn aembt. d, I hat . ,08 and tLft hkia j(tj f ,-r( f(, ;. ,ae ,
the Superintentlant of Inuian tn.de.thc A-1 Thercfo e, J, Jamc Mon tot, Pes 1 ot
gents aud Assistant Agents of Indiati tra- jj j ,,,P uiii-cl Uie, do he.-t bv tela ; nd
ding hoa?es, and the several Agents of In- I jj- kuawf, tha pub ;c inl -V r .. rl o
dian -.Affairs, shall be imminated bv tin .f 0 the Lo mi i':e owl- r Harath n
President of the United St.ues, and ap- (reietcfore cahe 1 .Miit i - fta.'l) n -fc
poinied'by and with the advice and con- '.aiuth b-k ch ti e t act ie .a- e. (c ar
sent of the Senate. the lit ad ;f d.e Mes S!i s) n
'Scc.-Jndbe it further enacted. That '! o.nti T .r torv, h It t . iuo vdle,
frcm and after the eighteem-h hifctan:, no :j th d Terriunj cn the as-a.d Moi.d-y in
person shall "act in either of the cnrirac 1 Oc'o rr next.
ters aforesaid, who shall not have been ! I ' i a.s.hTl c r;ru- ep:n f r one
ti ; i i . . t
thus first nominated and appointed. Ai d
every Agent as afre-.aid, before he sh.di
enter upon the duties of h:s ofhee, shaK
tnve bond to the United States, v. ith tw
or more sumc:ent securities, u the pei -o
sum of tea tiiousand uoiiars, conohtit neo
faithfuily to perform all tut uiics v. nit.ii
are cl niay be er.jciued on them, as A
gents as aforesaid. '
Sec. 3. sindbe it further enzcted, Tha
the act, entitled an act for cMabiislou
trading houses with the .'Indian tribes,
passed on the second day cf March, on.
tiiousand tight hamired ami eleven, ano
which was continued in force for a limit
ed time, by an act passei the third t'av
of ?.larch, one thoasau 1 tagut hvindrcd &.
seventeen, sh dl b,and the same ishen by
fir her c- ii hu;vl in foT? until the fut
c! iv of March, one tin ai.tnd eight hua-
; 5 red aud nineteen, and r.o longer.
i ti ft
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the I Ion re of t!e;reentativej.
JOMN (;ATLLAKi, "
T'rr.sldeut if the Sen .te pro tempore
Anr;l i$t ISlS Approved.
JA to AiONROE.
I
Vn net to provide tor erecting r.dd.tior.il
i bu Mins frt!sf .'rrommodAiion cf several
j V'i.x cuiive !)epatrnen;s
I fir it enact rd by ti.r Srr.ate and Ifov?t
! rf H ?esen!a!ves of the Umt'd Starts
tf.imerica in Congress asuemblfd That
tue Commissi mers of the Bubhc Paild-
i:igs cause to be erected under the direc
tion i f the President of the ITni ed S .iites,
twi buiUhns. sirtable for oHices fa- the
j Executive Dr partments, to -Ik piacrd
j north of the buildings at present ocyup ecl
by tht.s Dep .rtmeuts, and on a hue pa
! railel theiewrih . each of thsc nt:w
j ,,uilding3 to c main forty, rooms rcnvc-
meni s'ze.
S . -2. Jnd be it further er:actfd That
f"t the . pui p'jse-cf carryiru; this et a.to
elf, ct, the sum of one htmdrwil and ei hty
t!i lis oal seven hundred aral tor'y- titf
d i: ;rs lie, mu the same "is'hertbj . ap
piopriao-d, to b paid tail, ifnsn ui r.cvs
in tiie T'ea t;, y, not otherwise .ippre-pri-it.
d. and xo e expen!'"tl ,und r the di-lecii.-n
f the lit sident f the U.WuCii
April Co, 131J. Ap r vt d.
-JAMlv-i aKIN.x )E.
CAn i : v i: au n ay i c ; a t u n.
ITi-ir.lSUANT to u 'Kis. lu iou ,f thf
' Vv s :;t t ul Diice: t! e Strffc-
hfJdc :.f tiii- Cioint ahx :jre la.rfled.that
a f !i"!i iastai;iienr t)f Ten Dcllurs oa
e-.r o ml e en Sh: r f the j npt d su ck,
is re:a:: t p d to rhe Treasurer in
1 : vv,:.f'-i a n Auauau tae ua o,
! ; August ik xi. ,TrT.,, .,,
!j " L U U 1 1 ' 3s
I' J,-!nf 10 78 v3
n Miaulay the Cc day ot
' FJUlf' follow ncr ?ro !s are just rece ved.sntl
' i r :de nt he S: r-V i MXTI li.AV
jSIKU" & SON' - X.7: stipetft.e blue and
I bbrk t." odi- ; besl qu.d ty blue, hud ct.l ared
J an. I b nrtst-w-; I u; Liv. i..,Lintn (,':oti
jbr.es .lucone Canihr.c-, rf.a-A!ul tas
I hn-5 ; reen.Diiik -h w In .'r.p -, ;lk Slu'v Is,
hi an , vin ie ur.f Sjli-aa, un.tai ; ir oi
Ah. n sh - 1 Is, L-nen t)j.Tp- L.nens, utiite
.K-Hitv, I.iiie-t hvt r. Silk a:d kid. (ii'nc?.
I i l sjK'Osibirs, fi'te tvoes. Shell tt de Ikmba.
t-weil K,h M-.s, 1'eik. G.ttliants, wid
I (; ietks. wliie Mersadles Ve.-.t'rr lieKn e
n caitls ij p.eces domtytic tjloth, 1 case
(bins t; ma 4n boxe, Loa? Suirar, Chocol-tev
V. II 'IVt, Jjp:m lilackiag, Itc.
U.de uli, J iap IT . 73 5w
PATENT LEY Kit' WATCHES.
gHK Pubi.c arc respectfully infttmed
M that the subrc:ibft v.ho ban rc&'uh d j-e-veril
vears in thij cilv. : ral been t mr lo-. r d
j j ,
coiiou: tiy in the hr.e t.f his pioftss n , Unm
at lenh csi-bhsl d h raeifn Fan tttvtlle
S re , nexci- o: tn t?.e" Hrfnk of M wbcm,
where he off.'rs f ) sale aa tiea'-t a...orU.
mnt f t n'hpt unA fi.-uf lmns' fl'iltl P.. a nf
I Lever W u-ch? . als.n Silver Patent Leveff
and p' n vVat-' r-s and Clocks. Icgeilu-r
w th a variety of JftV F.LU: Y and i!rrr
V arc. As'ncse art cles hv- hrcn carfful
iv selectfd by the fcubttci liter ad fi..m the
t. t impa tutio'is to the N,,r'l.waril. h
1 1 uV ms it uneceaaary to ta-. try wi!I b2
si'd on ihe mot acronrrf dtmg erms.
He likewise repairs Watch s md Clockt,
nd warrant the faitt fu!e s of h i
Vrrk in very instncr, t-d d b tlnk
ful fur a puruon ol the pubft 'aor.
JNU. Y. SAV' CE.
Ra egh. Anril 13 69t
lit; the President of the United State!
J IlKitEA. by an act of Cof.reia, puss.
VV f( on the 3d of March, 1817, enti-'eJ
An act to auihorise he appos.'mpnt f x
'urvevor for the lar.ds in. the rnrtitei'i .rt
of thr thissippi Tcmtr.r), and ihe sn of
vrt-!t. a d 5ore ' if rtceiry, hf Jots
' ii!: tfe.fi. d far aie r'Mju'a num ncal
i . 1 1. . i. i . i.
oiu.tr, neK i.nir.;r w;u nr iowisi i-'iu r.
(iivci: end i ray hstai, at ti e v iycf
Wi ?. t.g on. U.i- 1'5 h dy J 'av
lai i JAMC r MOMiOE."
By the I : ?! Tit;
j 1 AH MX'.lGSj
; Conrni:tioi, r (ierra! Land 0 flicc;
A
MAP cf the Huutsviile IVEtrct is en
craved, at.d a HLN of the T.wn of
4,tra hon, will be engraved ai ap.cany as
aratticable; and w It b- sold a: H .otsville;
. d at. the General I Jnice, hjr
JOHN CiAHUINrn.
f5tlO ChiifClcrk