AND
WORTH-GAJROLIKA (EASE
Oarjarctbe plant of fair, dcllghtfirl Peace ,
Unwarp'd by party rage, to live like Brother.
FRIDAY, JULY ir, 1818.
Vol. XIX.
l82.
TTE
MR. MADISON's ADDRESS,
Continued from our Inst.
Other riews of the yeomanry of. nature
C-Miiclilc with the preceding. There is a
known tendency in all organized beings
to multiply bevond the degrees necessary
to keep up their actual numbers. It is a
wise provision of nature. 1. to guard
aramst the failure of the species,: 2, to
ard, in the surplus, a food for animals
whether smlvisthig on vegetables, or on
ether animals wlrch subsist on vegetables.
Kit!ir lias been equally provident in
cnnrd:n against an excessive multiplica
tion of anv one species which might too
far encroach oh others, by subjecting
each, when unduly multiplying itself, to
be arrested in its progress bv the effect of
the mnlt'r-Iicit'.on. 1, m producing a de-
fir1
I'll)! t
and where that mav not
, honen, in producing a tate of the ar
m pher" un favor-1 !e to life and health.
All ;in;Tvls as we;i s plants, sicken and
-die in a state too rnuch crowde 1. I" is
the "ise with our c mestic animals of e
vcr nrt, where r.o scarcity offimd can
b " f n mse. To the same tows mankind
i. - ?.t';y subject. An increase, not crn
si: rg with the 2rener:d plan of nature,
arr- ts itself. According to the degree
in which the number thrown, together ex
ceeds the due proportion of space and air,
disease and mortality ensue. It was the
"vitiated air alone which put ont human
life in the crowded hole of Calcutta. In
sl space somewhat enlarged, the effect
-would have been slower, but notless ctr
t;?;n. Tn all confined situations from the
dungeon to the crowded workhouses, and j
from these to the compact population of j
overgrrwn cities,the atmosphere becomes,
in corresponding degrees, unfitted by re- j
iterated use, for sustaining human life cc
health. Were the atmonaere breathed j
in cities rot diluted and displaced by fresh ;
-supplies fv.m the surrounding country, 1
the mcmlity would snc n hec.f.me general. ;
Were tie surrounds? country tniCKtv
peopled u.d r.nt refreshed in Ilk manner,
the decay of health, though a later, would j
be a necessary con.-eqiwr.ee. And were
- t
the whole habitable earth covered with a
dense population, wri-teful maladies m;ght
be lroked for, that vvr.nM thin the num
bers into a healthy proportion.
Were the earth in -everv productive
spot, and in pvpiv spot capable of being
made product'. ve, .ipprcpviated fo the
food of n.ro ; were the snade substituted
for the plough, and all animals consuming
the food of man, or food for which human
feed might be substituted, banished from
existence, so as to produce the maximum
of r; pu'ation on the earth, there would
be more than an hundred individuals, for
every one now upon it. In the actual po
pulation of many countries, it brngs rn
occasional 'epidemics to be traced to no
other origin- than the state of the amo-phn-e.
Increase the numbers ten or
twenty fold, and can it be supposed tb.Pt
thev would it any time find the breath of
life in a addition to supoort it ; or it
th it supposition be admissible when limi
ted to a single country, can it be admitted,
wher. not only the contiguous mum ties,
but tlie whole earth was equally crowd-
ea r J :
M'it we then adont the opinion enter- j ;
tained hv some t;hilosrrhers. that no vn
ri,t;nn Ivmit in thp niimhpre nnd nrn-
portions of the organized, beings belong-!
ing to our globe, is permitted bv the svs- I
tern of nature : that the number of species
and of individuals, in the ar.jmal and ve i
getable empires, since tney attained a
designed con.plement, has been, and must
always be the sanv ; .that the only change
possible, is in local augmentations and di
minutions which balance each other, and
thus maintain the established aud unal
terable order of tilings ?
t i
This would be the opposite extreme to
that which has been rejected. Man t
. though so similar in his physical constitu
tion to many other animals, is essentially
distinguished from all other organized le
ings, "by the intellectual and moral pow
ers with which he is endowed. He pos
sesses a reason ar.d a will, by which he
can art on matter organized and unor
ganized. . He can, by the exercise of;
these peculiar powers, increase bis sub- :
Vistence, bv which his numbers may be i
inc.re:ied bevond the spontaneous sup-
plies ot nature ; ar.d it would oe a reason
able conclusion, that making as he does
in his capacity of an intelligent and vo
luntary agent, an integral part of the ter
restrial system, the other parts of the
system are so framed as not to be alioge
tiier, unsusceptible of hisigency, and uu-
pli.iV:- .. t.v .-Lects I
This reasrnal'e concluvT"5 's confirmed
by the fact, thtt the capacity of man, de
rived from hi reason and his will, has
effected an i:.cieas- of particular plants
and animals conducive to an increase of
Lis own i ;cc ; uv.d a diminution of the
rumbe-s, i: r t cf the species of plants
and r.nimals displaced by that increase.
M-M. if r.r ail :A our d(meslicated n-nian:d.-,
prch ,b!y exceed t!e numbers,
which v it-.c'.t ti e intervention of man,
vonid b their natural amount; whilst
the urnrd-i ' - eying on, or interfering with
them, are pi uponionabiy reduced in their
number.-.
The cac is tlae same with cultivate"
plants. Thev are incre.-.svt'. bevond thc.r
.:".''"..'.' . . '.
aiurai atucunt , ai;U Dajusa cr prcpor-
I tionally reduce such as interfere with
them.
Xor can it be said that these changes
made by human art and industry in some
regions, are "balanced by corresponding
changes made bv nature, in other regions
Take for examples, the articles of wheat,
'ice, millet and maize, which are the
chief food of civilized man ; and which
are now spread over such immense spaces;
It is no possible to regard them, as oc
cupyinr no more than their original and
fixed proportions of the earth ; and that
in other parts of it. thev have disappear
ed in the same degree in which' they are
thus artificially extended. I hese grains
belong to the torrid & temperate zones on
ly ; &so great a portion of these zones have
been explored that it is certain, they
could not have been displaced from other
parts of the globe, in the degree in which
they abound where they are now cultiva
ted, and where it is certain they owe their
abundance to cultivation. There must
consequently be an absolute increase of
them produced by the agency of man.
Take more pa rticularly r an exam
pie, the article of rice, which constitutes
o large a portion of human food. The,
latitudes' to which its growth is limited by
the nature of the plant, are for the most
part so well known, that it maybe assum
ed for an unquestiont d fact, that this grain j
cannot a i ways have prevailed anv where,
in the extent in which it is now cultivated.
And it. is equally certain, that the vege
table productions belonging to the same
climates, which must have heen displaced
by its cultivation, have not received an j
" m r '
equivalent introduction cc extension else
where. It is remarkable that the vegetable pro
ductions most extensive'v used a iriman
f.od, are but little if at all fount; in their in
digenous state ; whether that sta'e be the
same as t heir present one, or h st.te from
wb'ch trey were improvable into their;;
present state. Thev serrn, indeed, not J
likely to flourish extensively in situations
1
; prepared y tar u.t:ui oi man. i i.c
: Potato- so recently brought into ue,
rrv.v spreading itself over so great a
:si.rt.ice, can aarelv be traced to a n
ian e !
can i !
'st:tte in the mountains of Chili: nor
; it be believed that previous to its adoption i !
thy man.it ever existed in the exioiit to;
which cultivation is now carrying it. t
! These view r.t the subl et sreui ;u- .
thorize the conclusion, that altho t!ierc j;
is a nronm-tion betveftn th. r.r.n;d
vegetable clashes of ocir.g on oar gl.-'je,
and between the species in each t.la ,s.
1 1
with resnec
to vhich nature
'lots
-" " " ..-. v
from a destruction ofthe anhu.ils and ve- ; i
getab'es not used bv man ; and a i:i:d.i- !
plication ofthe human race, and .frti- ;
Several species i;f animals- a-id vpijiit-,'f!c !
: ised bv it, sufficient to fill up the v.-d : :
j yet that tliere is a degrcp f change v. : t :
the peculiar f.irultii s of :n.tti en.ibic I. "or, ",
jjto make ; and by making which his fund !!
j , of subsistence z his numbers, nnv be uu;-- ! ;
merited; there being at the same thr.e.
', whenever his nirnbi rs and the change
exceed the admitted degree, a tendency
.in tliat excess to correct itself.
Co:M it however be suniosed that the
established system ami svmmetrv of na-
jlture, required the number ot human be- j;
j.i'-gs on xhf globe tr be always the same ;
"hat the r.iv change permitted in ration
: to them, was in their distribution over it ;
j still, as the blessing of existence to that
number would materially depend on the
pans or tr.c glone on wnjen tney may be
: thrown ; on the degree in wmcu their si
iitnatinn mav be convenient or crowded :
and on the nature of their poli ical and
social institutions ; motives would not be!
wanting to obtain for our portion of the
earth, its fullest share, by improving the '
! J resources of human subsistence, according i
to the fair measure ot us capacity. For, ?
in what other pnrtion of equal extent M
will be found climates more fikndlv to j
the health, or congenial to the feelings of
us mnaoirantsr in wnat otner, a son
! yielding more food with not more lahf.r
I A ud MfSnvf all "wliot. will 1 ftitn.'l tnutt-
J tutu.ns equally securing the blessings ofjj
i personal independence, and cf social en
iiovments ? The enviable condition of the
i people of the United States, is often too
j much ascribed to the physical advantages
oi iiieir sou and climate, and to their un-;
crowded situation. Much is certamly
dne to these causes bin a just estimate of
the happiness of our country, will never
overlook what belongs to the fertile acti
vity of a free people, and the benign in
fluence of a responsible government.
In proportion as we relax the hypothe
sis which makes the aggregate number of
mankind unsusceptible of chancre, and
believe that the resources of our country
! may not only contribute to the greater
happiness of a given number, but to the
j augmentation ot the nunber enjoying a
'greater happiness, the motives become
i stronger for the improvement and exten
jsionof them.
i But, whilst ail are sensible that agricul-
ture is the basis of population and prospe
' rity, it cannot be denied that tlie study
and practice of its true principles have
, hitherto been too generally neglected in
1 the United States ; and this state has at
least its full share "of tlie blame. Now
,jonly for the first time, notwithstanding
i'se'eral meritorioas examples of earlier
j tu.e, a general attention seems to te awa-
krned to the necessity of a reform. Pa
triotic societies, the best agents for effect
ing it, are pursuing the object with the
animation and intelligence which charac
terize the efforts of a self-goverired peo
ple, whatever be the objects to which
they may be directed.
Among these promising institutions, I
cannot glance at the names of those com
posing that of Albemarle, without being
assured, that its full quota of information
will be furnished to the general stock. I
regret only, that my own competency
bears so little proportion to my wishes to
co-operate with them. That I may not
be '.ihought, however, deficient in good
will, as well a.- in other requisites, I shall
i enture - n the task, a task the least diffi
cu jt, of pointing out some of thetoK'St pre
valent errors in our husbandry, and which
appeal to be among those which may me
rit the attention of the society, and the
instructive examples of its members.
I. The error first to be noth cd is that
of cultivating land, either naturally poor
or empoverished by cultivation. . This er
ror. 1 ke manr ot,'ien-,is the effect of habit,
continued after the reason for it has fail
ed. Wh'lst there wss an abundance of
fresh a;d fertile soil,, it was the interest
of the cultivator to spread his labor over
as great a surface as he could. Land be
ing cheap and labor rear, a:ul the land co
operating powerfully v. r.Si the labor, it
was profitable to draw as much as possi
ble from the land. Labor is now compa
ratively clu:;per x land dearer. Where
labor. has risen in price fourfold, land has
risen tenfold It might be profitable,
therefore, now to contract the ' tn f-ice o-
ver vhich labor issprt
ret ii- . d its frep'.ri . 7
ths is not the ;.-e. "
s M is exhaust: ; 1
brought into c " ' .
Meratiiiir l-ss
cr.p, it is ner 1 ;
!ab r can b. j : r ; .
' c;i l
V I
. : :v til co-o-i:
.ifring the
Vtv far
-erud on them ;
whether it r.uv!
:ot to be applied to
wards making ti.tm fertile, r
ner th in in
i' u he her
furti er ernpoverishi'ig tl
it might not be more pj -:i . 'y applied
to mechanical occu:;atiLr.i-. . : ro domestic
manufactures.
In the old cour'i es c ruropc. where
labor is cheap, :?! la:; 1 rlcar.. :.t- object
is to n'greMt L;bor, and c- r"r -.. t tbc
p-ice en v.Jiith it is enipl -yt t. if the
new scitle:vf,r.is i.iking phir- iu scour.-
rv. the jri;;:n:ii pract:'. . 1
ti'.ii.-wiy pui sued. Ju v:.
tl.e rt .tsi it l"rr thr p: .c
t ti.:iiK d ilv It -s ..i
'"l'riit to yit.h! to the cua
.- :iy be ra
;..i settlements,
e in Europe is
- ble ; and we
ngerf circum-
-.lures, by i'i.: be.iv:ig to cat,te our labour
n S iMd, v. hich, bt sides net paying tor it,
is still tii'"-e en-.povcrished, and rendered
jnoi e n iffi'iit to be nude rich. The en p
whir!, is nf least amount, ues tiie blow
n oi ni r:! to soil. It Imsbten n ve
y ii-c u;,ig ' o e- l tnd under the plough,
not pn--b..eii.g en. ujrh to feed tht pl-h-mun
ai.t'i iiis biirse ; -ltd it is ia mkIi ca
ses, that the titath-blow is trien
X ill-
goose is killed, without even obtaiuin the
covctt'tl egg.
There cannot be a niore'rniioriawpri:i
c.iple in thec-de of agviculure. ihaii that
every farm which is in god heart, thouid
hj kept so: that every one not in g:- d
heart Miould be made so ; and that what
is right as to die farm generally, is so as
to even part of evej-y farm. Any system
thei et'orc, or want of systc m, which tends
to make a rich farm pcor, or dts rot
tend' to ..make a poor farm rich, cannot be
good fur the owner;; whatever it may be
for the tenant cr superintendant, who has
a transient interest only in it. The proht,
where theic is any, will nit babn:ce the
loss of intrinsic v alue susiaint-d by the
laud.
,11. The evil of pressing too hard upon
the land, has a;so been much increased
by the b.ai nnxle of ploughing it. Shallow
j inughing, iavA pl-ieghing up and down
hilly lai.d, have, by exposing the lcosen
eil soil L he carried offjy rains, hasten
ed more than any thing else, the waste of
its fertil ty. When the mere surface is
pulverized, moderate rains on land but
little uneven, if ploughed up and down,
gradually wear it away. And heavy rains
on hUiy land ploughed in that manner,
soon produce a like effect, notwithstand
ing the improved practice of deeper
ploughing. How have the beauty and va
lue of this red ridge of country suffered
from this cause? And how much is due
to the happy improvement introduced by
a member of this society, whom I need
not name, by a cultivation in horizontal
drills with a plough adapted to-it-? Kad
:he practice prevailed from the first set
tlement of the country, the general ferti
lity would haye been, more than the dou
ble of what the red hills, and indeed all
other hilly lands now possess ; and the
scars and sores now defacing them, would
no. where be seen. Happily, experience
is proving that this remedy, aided by a
more rational management in other re
spects, is adequate to the purposfrof heal
ing what has been wounded, as well as of
preserving tlie health of what has escap
ed the calamity. It is truly gra nfying to
observe uw fast tlie impro ement is
spreading from the parent example. '1 1k
Uuj of out red hills m'ti-.i oieofcrl t
vation wnich guards their feriility against
Col. T. jXT. Randslhtt
wasting rains, is probably exceeded by
that of no uplands whatever: and with
out that advantage they are exceeded in
value by almost all others. They are lit
tle more than a lease for years.
Besides the inestimable advantage from
horizontal ploughing, in protecting the
soil against the wasting effect of rains,
there is a great one in its preventing the
rains themselves from being lost to the
crop. The Indian corn is the crop which
most exposes the soil to be carried off by
the rains ; and it is at the same time the
crop which most needs them. Where the
land is not only hilly, tut the soil thirsty,
(as is the case particularly throughout
this mountainous range) the preservation
of the rain as it falls, between the drilled
ridges, is of peculiar importance ; and its
gradual settling downwards to the i ots, i
is the best possible mode of supplying''
them with moisture. In the old method J
of ploughing shallow, with the furrows up j
and down, the rain as well as the soil was '
lost.
III. The neglect of manures is another i
II
error which claims particular notice. It 1
I may he traced to the same cause with our
j excessive cropping. In the early stages
! of our agriculture, it was more convenient
I aud more profitable, to bring new land in
to cultivation, than to improve exhausted
t land. The failure of new land has long
called for the improvement of old land ;
but habit has kept us deaf to the call,
i Nothing is more certain" than that con
' tinual cropping without manure, deprives
! the soil of its fertility. It is equally cer- i j
; tain tnat icriuity may De prcservea or
I icMoini, uy givji.g u.i me eaiiu annual on
lie Chinese, it is s.dd, smile at the idea.
U,at isi'.d
"u.s,,'51 J 11 "vv- a"1Nia
i 'umciHdMmcr.iu.M nuw me mat- , i 8i, much ot the veral acts imposing du
y. hut . , ter taken from it ; and that a perpetual , tics (lM r e t(,mi.ltrt. f vessels in thnnrra
t tl.e feriJf j' fertihty is not, in itselt, mcomp.itibie widi : ; ot lhc Un.t-d States, as imposes a discri
t ie viis are an uimiterniDted su cession ot crons. ( , ,...-.-,i ...
. . ' . i . '. iiiiiia.ij ti uuit uvimtn nitiun cCl) aiill
u sense lat.ue. l nc;r s.u does anj wholly belniiging to the subjects of
r.ut need r.st, bee are an industrious use ; tlc Kihgof ihe NwtnerUnds; uch repeal
isniaJ- i every tcitiiizing particle, tint, to take efiect fn.m the time the govern
ed connbute towards replacing what !; nient aforesaid .. Wished the discriiuinat--h..s
hf en drawn ti . :.. it. And this is the j ! i? duties be ween ier own vessels .uil
... ti, .: :i i :... " .
more practicable wuiitteni, as almost
the wnole ot want :s grown on their farms !
is consumed vi Ji n them. That a resto
ration to thj.eui'h of all that annually
grows on it, prevents itse;vipoverishment,
is suffic:'.: -iv een in our forests : where
II
1 1 the ari.'u..I t xuvix of the trees and plants
J rcpl.iLe '.lie fertility of vhich they deprive
; i i!e earin. VV here trerjiieut hres destroy
j tlie leaves and whatever else is annual!)
ot a cultivated cr,p
proof th :t an annual
A still
st!onq:cr
'restoration
to
the
earth ot ad its annual product will nerne-
untie lbs pruluciivi
uiciiveness, is ..seen where1
. . .
our fields are left uncultivated anci unpas-
1 tiiivd. In this case the ji;i!t receiving
t II , 4t4, U.1 HIV, JUHIk, ILWtA JibULltC U
that the laad becomes poorer ; this de- j manufactures of tlie territories iu Europe,
; siruction oi the i.atural crop, having the j ; cf the King of the Netherlands, or such
" .
1, not pmpoverisheu. its improvement
uy I)'." exphiined, .by the feiiilizh)' n;at-
!itervh.cii the we-e Is and gt ases iLrive j
1'ir.un ater r.i.d the utmc.spl.ere, w j
: f in;s a nt-tt c-dn to the e-vth. At v.'.j itj
' ' pciiit, vv lioin iiat Cto'se the formation i
: and accun.ulalion of ve;:tiible Mould from i
. ih's r.it. cosr";. is no. DL-rh.T!i:; vrrv ra ,
D - ' . . I t . - J I
sy to nc explained, i hat it utes cease, j
is proved by the stationary condition of
the surface of the earth in ol.! forests ;
and that the amount of the accumulation
varies with the nature of the subjacent
earth, is equally certain. It seems to de
pend also on the species of trees & plants
which happen to Contribute the materials
fbr the vegetable nu uld.
But, the most eligible mode of preserv
ing the richness, and of enriching the po
verty of a farm, is certainly that of ap:
plying to the soil a. sufficiency. of animal
and vegetable matter in a put rifled, s at. ,
or a state ready for putrefaction ; in r
der to procure which, too much care can
not be observed in saving every material
furnished by the farm. This resource
was among the earliest discoveries cf men
living by agriculture ; and a proper use
of it has been made a test of good hus
bandry, in all countries, ancient and mo
dern, where its principles and profits have
been studied.
Some farmers of distinction headed by
Tull, supposed that mere earth, in a pul
verized state, was sufficient without ma
nure for the growth cf plants ; and con
sequently that continued pulverization
would render the soil perpetually produc
tive; a theory, which never would have
occurred to a planter of tobacco or of In
dian corn, who finds the soil annually
producing less and less, under a constant
pulverizing course. The known experi
ment of Van Helmontseemed to favor the
opposite theory that tne earth parted
with nothing towards the plants growing
on it. If there were no illusion in tlie
case, the earth used by him must at least
have wen destitute of vegetable mould :
for in an experiment by AVoodhouse, a
garcen mould was diminished in its weight
by a plant which grew in iu And the la
test chemical examinations of the subject
coincide with the general opinion of prac
tical husbandmen, that the substance of
plants partakes of the substance of the
soil.
The idea is iaueed very natural that;
iro'n the decay ot the spontaneous weedi ,! afoi esa.d abolished its discriminating d:
and . .;i,.-.es more fertility than the ex- ij ties between g uris,, wares and mercii t;i
truct iio'.n ic, is for a t:-::e at least impruv- ; j Z2. iir.ooi-d in vessels ofthe Unin-tl
! vegetable matter which springs frr m the
earth, and of itself returns to the earth,
should be one source at lest of the earth's
capacit' t. reproduce vegetable matter.
Tj be coh fin tied in uirncxt.
BY AUTHORITY.
An act to suspend, for a time, the sale or for
feiture of lands for failure in completing
the payment thereon. -
Be it enacted 6u the Senate and House
of rtfirefentative8 of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That
the operation ef the sixth coudition of the
fifth section of the act, entitled An act
to amend the act, entitled " An act
providing for the sale of the lands of the
United States northwest ofthe Ohio and
above the mouth of the Kentucky river,"
be, and the same is hereby suspended un
til the 31st day of March next, iu f iVor
ofthe purchasers cf public land, at any
of the land offices ofthe United States :
Provided, That the benefit of this act
shall not be extended to airy cne purchase?
for a greater quantity than six hundred
and forty acres of land.
H. CLAYJ
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOHN (iAILLARD,
President ofthe Senate, pro tempore
April 16, ISIS Approved.
JAMES MONROE.
An act concerning tonnage and discriminating
duties in certain cases.
Be it enact d bu the Senate and House
, j 0f RttirsxmtauvrH of the United Statea
of America in Cc:,
Congress assembled. That
ig duty avtv een ioteigii
, renealerl. so lar as re sneers icuc tm r
! the vessels of ihe United States arrivin
arriving
in the ports or places aforesaid,
i Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That
so much of tiir several acts imposing ua
ties on goods, wares and merchandize rn
Dotted into the Utnteil States, as lmmmt
' a discrinnnHting duty between goods i n
ported into the U .ited States, m fort-urn
, vessels iin.au vessels ; f the United Stites
be, and the same i hereby repealed, so
prouueo .uiu mauuiactiircs as &m omy
I f he- ur most usually are. first shinned frmrv
a nort or nbice in the kinp-dnm .itVrp;:n.! .
l . thft same beintr inmortrrl in vf- tnilw
ii - i i . ;
o - -
and 'wiioliv bel
Longing to subjects of the
j King of the NethtTt lands ; sucn repeal ID
take efllct fron the time the trovermncnt
States, and vosr-ls belonging to the uat:ua
aforesaid.
April -2f 1813. Approved,
JAMES MONROE.
By the President vf the United States.
IT rHEREAS, by au act of Congress,
t ? passed on '.he 2Sih of March, 1804,
entitled, An Act naiting provision for
tlie disposal of the pitJiic laitds in the In-
j diana Territory, and for other purposes,"
and an Act passed the 3d of March ltfoi,
j entitled, " A Act supplementary to the
: act, entitled, n act nuking provision for
the disposal of the public lauds in the In-
diuna Territory, nd an act passed on
the iiith ot April, 1S03, entitled, An
Act supplemental to an act regulating;
the grants ot I mds in the Territory ot
Michigan," the President ofthe United
States is authorised to cause the lands in
he land district of Detroit to be offered
for sale when surveyed ; and whereas a
part ofthe said lands have been surveyed:
Therefore, I, Jamks Monroe; Presi
dent of the United States, in conformity
with the said acts, do hereby declare and
make known, that public sales for the
disposal (agreeably to law) of the said
lands, shall 6e held at Detroit, in Michi
gan Territory, viz :
On the hi st Monday in July next, for
the lands contained in ranges 9, 10, 11,
12, and 13, south of the base line ; on the
first Monday of September next for the
lands contained in ranges 13, 14, 15, 16 &:
17,'ii:jrth of the base line ; and on the
hrst Monday in November next, for the
lands contained in ranges 9, 10, 11, and
12 nort of the base-line, excepting;
sixli lands us are, or may be reserved hi
said district, by law, for the support ot
Scao. ls, and for other purposes. The
sales shall continue open lor two weeks
and no longer, and shall eonifnence with
tht tirst section ot the lowest number of
townships and range, and proceed mrc
gulnr lia.neiicui 1-iUv.i.
Given under my hand at the City of
Washington, the thirty iist, uty of
March, cue thousand eigUt hu. dred
and eighteen.
JAMES MONROE.
iW the President, :
y JOSIAH MEIGS.
Ccraui'r of the General Laud Vfijr,