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AND NOIRTH-CAMOLINA GASETTE, Oar tare the plant of fair, delightful Peace, UnwarpM bj party rase, to livellke Brother VOL. X FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1818. NO. 1CC4.. SOUTH AMEKICA. npr-fred to in the President's Message. - Vr. fiodnws Letter continwd.) t! is Congre : comprised ot depu i; fVonr tlie dirt-rent provinces. It o f ;.jHv cori:sfs of twenty-six mm- But. as a representative is . al- avpiI fo- evry fifteen thousand cifi ,4w it would ben urn erou s. i fall, the prices had sent delegates in that at "f population. - V ith some ercepttons, anil partieu t.r! v f that pal Jail ium of our i ights, icV is unknown to the civil law. the i v iury. the provisional cnnstrtu Si nll be found, on an attentive pe--wil. to contain a distinct recognition 0f., imv ol the viTai pr.nripips i neen chore h est: b! ish ment CO''" ?- ,t ,f ?. do rii in ir faith. i rrn. V -v. ;.l,nc .f rnliirimis frPPflnm"! t,..-) ;, v "astir adapted From neces pv. rerKu. by tker.v. - ":y' :: jt M -nt eV t!flV all poverv leisja ivpv i'3'i:Q;f?lr ;and ex coHve resides ( ?-n it : n . 'H e r o p g r ess a re to be :p n l'v vi " V- : "v e.i f,,r Uy tl;e people in 1h pritnarv asT 5,., The cabiMo. or niinfciral are to Uc electei! iirmefately by thf cir;?rns. It re( onlzes the intle rfk..nrcP r jniliciarv. arw! declares t;...' t (i n i? r i ,f f ce . w i t hie ipict tot 1 e ... :. 4ni' ilnrincr r'nr hp s' ;. . ' ' . ; - . - -.. i r Tt v ivi!-s for t!.e election ' r )' ' f naiiitrute bv congress, re vvhen they choose tn appoint . r cr. am' resporssihle for the a C "( 'I' I'UI !! ' : t" l!UI !t" 1113 I'lHVV v, ic' a ; li.'fsno- : t) limitfil In t!u o'-otBre. I p i sworn to preserve :'.. t t?rity aid indepcrdunce of the C'l'-'rr. - ;;" -i-;v 1 1 e three g;reat departments of state, of f e treasury, and of war. are dis Iv tnarVod out, and their respec ts o powers and duties assigned. On some subjects it enters more in t tf an is usual with us, particu- la, ,v u thoe of the annT, navy, and nUitki. But this, perhaps, in their si ;uai.n. wa necessary ; . It pro ide- ihnt no citizen sha! ac cept a .title of nobility, without forfeit in t! ? character i.f citizenship. If provides, alo against general warrants, and tin arrest (jf indivuluals un!e. on probable pro:f of guilt. It ch ' a i a a ! :j ta ry provision that a jiitlj!. having original jurisdiction, hf rn t V i r cpn; n 1 za nee if the c a u se , sha'l usp a! I po-ib!e moans 1 of recon ci'lrtij'h parties This constitution is l ot Temporary The Congress are i.iv,. e' in t lie task of forming a per- j tjii ': r,r. In the mean time, no; uVratiot can b made in the pce-cnt. trSev, wit the consent of two thirds -j rf ?hi- members In this manner sorrc; Jtiieratiiins haie ben ador tcd. Tl;e s?ihjer.t i a permanent ennsti-tut-.'i:-. was before a committee of six teen members of Congress. There t-? a diiTfrei'ce of opinion prevailing amoni: (hem. on the p int of a confe derated or a consolidated oyernment. 1ft-"y she u Id adept the former, tl iey ill frame the cimstitution, in all pro liubilitv, nearly after the model of that 'f T't United Mates. Should they de .ri the latter, it -is highly. proba te thpy will incorporate the lead ing leatures of cur system into their form I overnip.nt "They seem to concur in die proposition to have a chief ma sir at e elected for a te rm o f y e ars, a ! epresen tat i ve legislature, to consist of two branches. A Senate, : n-nstitute the most permanent bo rJ. and a llnnse of Representatives. Mm? term i f service shall be of ibortr 'yjraticn 'y lyrhar.s it would be better for them '3 Of lay the completion of 4l9 alt im f t rt a f : t t ak , aft e r the exam p! e o f the t i:;'i tl 8 1 at ps . ui.lil a period of peac c. . 'ir peer.t provisional statute is an 'j c iM- nt n those Inch pre ceded "; 'nl wc may expect their proposed tituikov will be still more perfect. llipy advance in the knowledge c.f piiricinles on v.hicb republican ;ys:nents are con?iitntcd. -; ;- however tree ';:. theory thispro t ; riu! 3;aute may be. it is' undoubt ': ' i'"-e that,- unless adminiatered a . to its letter and spirit- it will MTTiMty to tlie citizen. ! " '-;y infi actions have occur-l ' : i - v i;e date of its existence, I 'l t j.rcter.d to determine, be l 1,1,11 !osstio:i of The facts. r --a we recollect that tU-v have the benefit of our example, it may rea- t with a considerable supply of the pre sonably be expected that they will, in m cious metals. It is stated, on re spec general, adhere their; written con-, table authority, that so late as the year stitution. They have also the fatal re- ' 1 790, the amount of gold and sil ver suit of the French revolution, warning j coined at Potosi in that year, wascal them of the dangers of its excesses, of jjculated to have been g299,846 in gold, which thev appear to be sensible. Land R2.988 176 in silver. The state The productions and their,anufac- j tures of the different provinces, will he found in Appendix D: but I was unable to procure any satisfactory es ti m a tes b f th e probabl e valu e or amoun t in each province. There is however, a considerable internal trade carried on in the interchange of various arti cles between the several provinces: cattle, horses, and mules, furnish a considerable source of barter ; with the latter, Peru is usually supplied: the Paraguay tea is a great article of t rail e throughout the country . The brandy, w ine, raisins, and fgs of Men- doza and San Juan, are becoming im- porta nt : the hhles of oxen, the skins of the vaccina and granaco, with a number of fine furs, alford valuable ar ticles of exchange. These, with the foreign good s tranporfel in every d i rectitin irom Buenos Ay res. very rea tlilr, bv oxen and mules, which also furnish the means of carrying their na tive productions to their sea ports, j form a branch of trade of great rragtd-j tude, consideringthe population of the j country. j Their exports are calculated, with i some decree of accuracy, at ten mil- i lions of dollars The-c consist, prin cipally, of "ox-hides, jerk beef, arid tal low, the present ?i eat staples of t!e country, A variety rf furs and pel tries, some griin, copper, mot!y bro't from Chili, with gold and silver in bul 1 i o n a nd in coin, chiefly f i o m the mines of Potosi. The imports are computed to be a bout equal to their exports British manufactures f.;m the principal mrsss, & they are to fiad i n great abu ndanc e. They consist of woolen and cotton goods of every description, some of th em w rtiU gh t to im i t at e t h e n a n u ft c - tures of the countrv ; irenmr!rrv cutlery, hardware, saddlery, hats, por ter, ale, and cheese, are among the re-' maining articles. J From the United States thev re-! c ei ve lumber o f alt kinds, and furni-' ture of every description : coaches and cat riages of all aort3, codfish, macka rel, shail, and herring, leather, boots, a tvd s h oes, powder, and munitions of wa r, at; d naval stores, ships, a nd ves s! pat ticuIarJy tltose calculated for their navy, or for privateers. From Brazils thev receive sugar, coffee, cotton, aha rum. From the north of Europe they re ceive steel and iron ; and from France apumber of articles of its manufacture. Th ei r foreign com m erce is princi pally carried on by British capitalists, though there are some Americans, a few French, and other foreign mer chants, also settled at Buenos Ayres : they are all placed, I believe on the ame footing of equality. J he revenue ot the state may be es timated at about three lars annually ; bat their systam of fi nance is very imperfect, and although their debt is small, their credit is low. They have hitherto avoiied the issu-1 ing of paper money, and they have es- j tabiished no bank ; but they have ' sometimes anticipated their revenue j by giving: due bills receivable in pav- i meni ior nuties, or gooes : imported, or articles exported : the impost furnish es the principal part of the revenue. A copy of their taiilf, as at first es tablished, was some time since trans-' mitteu. I believe, to the Department j j of State : in this (he duties were gen-jj a ratty spectne and liih. I "undftr- ' stand they have been lately reduced. - ' as their exorbitancy had occasioned ' much smuggling. Voluntary contributions from those i j friendly to the revolutrop, and forced jl loans - t rora t!$e old Spaniards, have constituted another portion of their funds. To show the public ca ital adequate to all exigencies, their dif ferent civil, military; and naval estab lishments have been taken irto vie. and arc cnmpriscjl in the estimate fui nished, a thing unusual v.ith ls; but they have cmittetT their puklic" lands, which, if a prudent .use be . made of tlicm. must', at no distant day? become a very productive source of revenue to the state. The mines of Potosi, which in all f robability, will very soon fall into ; . r . , their hands again, xnaar furnish them of their army, and the condition of their navy, will be seen by a reference to the original return presented. (Ap pendix F ) Their army is composed of regular troops, Ciorcos, and militia. In one or other of these classes, thev are edu catcd to the military art, andy far as I had an opportunity, and was capable of judging, they appeared to be well acquainted with the elements of their nrofession. Their forces, according i ...... . . . -j . ! to the paper furnished, we estimated j at nearly thirty tliousap men. They arecomposcu or i,iiyoariiiiery. io,ulj infantry, and 14.718 cavalry : of which 12.145 are troeps of the line, 7,041 arc Ciorcos, and 10,573 militia. These fo rm the different a rm ies of the centre id' Peru, of the Andes, of Cor d ova , a n d t h e au xi 1 ia ry fo rces in the Entre Rios. This statement, however, only includes the militia of the pro vince tf Buenos Avies itself. Their supplv of arns and munitions of uar is anndo, a will be seen by the state- ment annexed, on that sidyjcct. Their navy is rnall. a ad some of their vessels are laid up in ordinary, A list -'nf them, '"as well as of their nri- rTateers, viU be found in Apnendix F. i Tl t e i r p ri v a t e a r m e d v c s s c ! s a re s u h -; fee ted 1 1 V ye ry s t r i c t regu 1 a i i Ji s . a gr e e - ably to teir prize code, which is a hn( rig t!.e origir al papers present e' & herewith delivered, it may be proper j i n t !i i s I a c e . t o i n t r od u c e t h e ei u b j e c t of the irregular condiret of the priva teers under the patriot flag, against whi b the commissioners were direct ed t remonstrate. Having taken an opporfunitv of explaining to Mr. Ta irev the Secretarv of Mate, the pro ceedings of our government relative to Amelia Island and Galvezton, agree ably to their instructions, the commis s i i n e r s e mbra c ed a suitable oc rasion to urge the just cause of complaint, which the malpractices of private arm ed veseN. wearing the patriot colors, had furnished our government ; on I both topics, they had long and inter esting conversation. v ith the con duct of the government respecting A n.e'ia Island and Galvezton, Mr. Ta gie expressed himself perfectly satis fied . and h e d i sc I ai med f r r hi s go v e r n -ment any privity or participation in the lodgments made at those places, bv persons acting in the name of the patriots of Sotith-America. In refer j ence to the acts of cruisers under the patriot ila gs , I : e said he was sensible ' that great irregularities had occurred, i though his government had done every ! thing in thci r power to prevent theo. jand were willing, if any instance of j aggression were pointed out, to d i rer t ran inquiry into the case, and, if the ! facts were established, to punish those itate may be es- j concerned and redress the injureii in millionsof dol-; dividuals. He professed Ids readiness to adopt any measures that would m o re e tlectual 1 y pre ve n t a recu r re nee ot such acts, in which he expressed his belief that the privateers of Buenos Ayres had rarely participated, though th e ch aracter ol the govern ment had suffered from the conduct of others. He stated that they had, on one occa sion, sent out some of their public ves sels to examine all cruisers wearing the Buenos Ayiean flag, to see that they were lawfully commissioned. & to iisrertnin vvhpthpp tf-.ev had violated their instructions. Amongst the causes of dissatisfac- in n i.tu i t )i.,a. i. iiutii it itfiiji i.i uitc aiiLiiiii. iiir iiic" ponderaure of the capital has bten mentioned. Its great weight in the ' st ale tf national aHairs is to be ascri- bd to its creator ex tional rausS. These exertions in the na- aie owing to its comparative wealtii, and to its active, intelligent, and enterprising popula tion. The armies that have been rais ed in this city and the neighboring country, with the supplies in money and inursirrt E3 of war drawn from these sources, have been truly extraor dinary. It would be a difficult task to make an exact calculation, or to form even a probable estimate, but ;dl seemed tr conclude the superior merit claimed on account of their exertions, when compared with their wealth and popu- , . Thedsounifr.tref-rj-edtjisr.otssr.;. lation : and it is not unlikelv that Bu enos Ay res has. in conseqqence, as sumed a higher tone, and acquired a I; controlling influence, which she has i sometimes abused. I Another source of discontent is the ; unfortunate dispute between the Ban- da Oriental and Buenos Ayres. which had also an influence on the proceed- ji up for themet?es. Since this period, ing of the latter towards the Portu-; they appear to have adoptPtl a partial i gupse. . ! non-intercowrse system. But Buenos j The original cause of division may ; Ayres, on one occasion, succeeded ia be traced to a jealousy, long subsisting , obtaining an umlersfauding with them, between the rival cities of Monte Vi- Some suspect that they are secretly deo and Buenos Ayres. This has be- . inimical to the existing order of things come habitual, andlias extended to the and wish to keep themselves within country. Private interests and per- fheir shell, that, in case of a change, sonar views have also increased their ; they may profit by futue events : o dissentions. i thers calculate with some confidence j Gen. Artijras (who bears the charae-!! on their ultimate union with Buenos ter of chief of the Orientals, as has been I Ayres, with which at present they in : already stated, and has also assumed Idulge a limited, and reluctant inter that of the Protector of the Entre Bios course. Paraguay i? under 4h imme and Santa Fee) was originally, in the diate control of a person named Fran royal service, a captain in a provincial fcia, who styles himselfdirector -f Pa. I corps. In this he continuetl for 6orae ' raguay ! time afterthe revolution hadcommenc-; ' From the domestic concerns of thA ed at Buenos Ayres. But, in the year! provinces, s naturally turn to their i 1811, taking ollence. as it is said, at ' foreign relations. On this subject the some conduct of the Spanish comman- commissioners were informed that ' dant of Colonia, he abandoned the roy- they had nothing more thaaa friendly al cause, and entered into the service understanding with any foreign mv of the patriots So early as the ear tion. "With tie Portuguese rovern- iciy, when acting against jvionte i- deo,-he became ''dissatisfied .with Sar - ratea the commander in chief ft om Buenos Ayres. On his removal from the head of the army, he quarrelled with Gen. Rondeau, w ho. it was sup- I posed, would have been acceptable to ! i i ' i r it -jLi iL t'.tm, ami iinany witntirew, ueiore Tiie "" j a tmiuue army oi me city siege l)f Monte Video was finished tin- of Monte Video, of which a copv r der Gen. Alvear. For this conduct, annexeil. (Appendix I.) This "will Posadas, when he succeeded to the go- present the state of aI7airs beteen Bu vernment, treated him a-y a deserter en .s Ayre and the Brazils, which, from their service. By a proclama- -has been the theme of much discus- -tion, be offered a reward for his ap- sim. The superior navak force of the prehension, and set a price upon his Portuguese, stationed in the river La heud : an act which Gen. Artigas ne- Plata, could have effectually blockad ver forgot or forgave ed ail the ports of Buenos Ayres. During the subsequent directorship By this means they would have p ro ot Alvear. he induced the Cabildo of vented supplies of arms and munitions Buenos Ayres to issue a similar pro- of war. and entirely destroyed the clamation against Gen. Artigas. great source of revenue to the state, "When Alvear was dismissed, the peo- -the duties on imports and tonnage, at pie of Buenos Ayres endeavored to a- a season when money Was much want tone for their conduct by burning, with eil For about this period Buenos Ay every mark of ignominy, the degrad--. res had a powerful army, fo contend ing proclamation. They also address- with on the side cf Peru, and had ta ed a conciliatory letter to the general, ken the burthen of the renewed con and received from him a correspond- test of Chili with Spain. ITrder such ing answer. These were preliminary circumstances, they were in some mea--to a fruitless attempt at reconciliation, 8Ure obliged t i adopt a cautit.us and made by the director ad interim. Col. moderate policy. Their conduct in Alvares", vvho succeeded Alvear. The h's respect seems to have been coerc cnrresponlence on this occasion is an- cd; Their unhappy state with the nexed. (Appendix H.) Other endea- Orientals had also an influence on vors to reconcile him have failed, their measures : they alledged that the notwithstanding the changes in the of- ' restless conduct of Artigas had fur fice of director at Buenos Avrcs. On nished the Portuguese a pretext for ! one occasion,the propositionWas made ! that the Banda Oriental should remain j independpnt of Buenos Ayres, and ! merely send deputies to the general congress, to correct measures against; the common enemy. On another when the Portuguese army was ap- proaching the frontiers of the Banda L Oriental, an effort was made by Pu-' ! eyrreilon to reconcile him, and to unite him in the common defence Ample ' ; supplies of arms, and munitions of war,; Uvere offered, and some furnished; j but this attempt also failed. ! In order that a fuller view of this subject may be 'had, I have subjoined ; j a translated copy of an animated let- ; I ter from Gen. Artigas to Mr. Pueyr- i redon. (Appendix I.V It is but ius- ! tice to add, that Gen. Artigus is j thought, by persons entitled to credit, i to be a lirm friei d to the independence of the country. To eipreis a decideil . opinion on this de'icate question would ; scarcely be expected f me, as my po sition did not command a View Of the I whole ground. I had not the satisfac- j tion to be derived from a personal in- terview with Gen. Artigas, who is, un- I . ,, r i - .questionably, a man ot rare and sin gular talents. But if I were to hazard a conjecture. I think it not improba- ' ble, that m this, as in most family dis- i putes, there have been fault? on both " i ti i i . j ,i . 1 I Sides. It is to be lamented that they, 1 ,r fmnn linctllitf 11". n m t n m 1 . 1 ,. uic ui vjjjtii uiijiiiH . uai. iius baen prosecuted with great animosity ; ntxi and at his Coiut Plantat.on nnd." iri two late engagements, the :oke, on the Monday fuih.wiig. fT, F I , , T.' e neirroi-s will bfc lorcd out. at troops of Buenos Ayres have been de-l! m..t ,Ua a- Z feated with great loss. By some it jjofiet u.e 13th of January. was said that jthe inhabitants of the ; The i brurv w.li be sold on the Cm dzy o: eastern shore were anxious that a re- j ; the sale in Wake. conciliatit.n would take place, whilst I - sll,,uH the , Pe tco rfarourab! , i ji J r : to o 'tunence tue sales at the timf s atJtoiPte' the people in the country pre.erred lt !ie ,G,lnA&l n lt1,,r, K,.,, ' v-ov,.. . , I must not omit to take a glance at h o i r nropn f tt 1 1 the situation of Paraguay. This nro j vince presents a singular spectade j it stands aloof from the rest. The people, with the aid of the few remain l ing royal troops, repulsed an army, t sent to compel them to join the com ; mon standard. Very s'um afterwards j ; thev exnelletl the nvalist9 and pf ineiit utey concmnert an arrangement ' in 1812, under the mediation, it is said, oi the British, with the respect to the Banda Oriental. Thev have since had a correspondence v iti them on the subject of their entrance intci that province, and the forcible ore una- K ., 13 r . die invasion ; but, it is probable that they will ultimately break with the government of Brazils. ne British government has, thro' their official agents, entered into com- niercial stipulations with Gen. Artigas, as ne chief ot the Orientals, on the subject of their trade witli the eastern hore. A copy of this intrunttiit will be found in Appendix K. 'fhe government of Buenos. Ayres baye a confidential person in Europe, soliciting from England, and other powers, it is taid, assistance of every klQd antl a ifOiinition of their inde- pendence. England has a consul, who, with her naal commander oa that station, appealed to conduc t the conuuenttal atlairs ol fie British cabi net with the governiuent of Buenos Ayres. Jlfr. Rndru-jfi report to be cvntirued. PUBLIC SALE. "D" INTENT) to sell at auction on a crM t of X twelve months, tlrvm bond and rnrrtr.1 security given. a'U'.e per.f,hable pn rt y of the late liavid Stone, Kq m the com its of cotlZhetTc TiV'fv?!, ,ht V P!f Com, iotlaer.&c.; ihe stock oil Iots, ules. Cattle. fat icdaod other Etc. ; pil atioa Utensils a!id Implements; iiouseaniK chen Fum-ture; a valuable Iaw and genera: Libra- r.v.La CK and y otner articles. Z T . i 5 t derxfcof the deceased in Wake county, on Monday the 28th .nt-At bis man.n m Ber- .' !)r 1 If . - W ' 1 . f . n. i r. i ne waiici iif,nii ri'Uj i:te oui oi January en Koa- the Wake i. i ,i- - vcaiucr oti, rats ijtourabte ; 11. roiTKu,
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Dec. 18, 1818, edition 1
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