5
y
H-OATROL
Oor iwetbe plan of flr," deHghtfalPeacet
. Unarpdby party rage, to IlvcUe Brother.
VOL. XX
FRIDAY, MAY 28, 1 8 1 9.
; jTU:. yryysyyyy:
;vt;.;i.irr iRbii-;:J wVu lA-'-'-f--it
,v-if a 4v i ;,.-,wv.f yyyy-yyy i-i y'rir 1 r- y y.. ':y c ;y
-v I.--. -'.- . -:,,,...;. y y.ii yyyy -yyy;A
j . i - - - - - -' -
7T
' - .
i
:V.XDDRESSiij,;i
! ? Thiladtlpfiia Society '"r ffo
' Drrmozion or Miumrsiiv jutry, v
i i tfl8'XllZcn5 UJ rite lyitteu. wuir.
j The'. Pfii1stfelphia Society for the pro
1 jictirn of Donvestic Industry respectfullv
! solicit;voar attention to g fpw brief essays
j on 'topics of .Vital importance ,trt your
'country, vonrselves;. and your posterity.
' They t shall be addressed to yr.ur reasor
j and understanding without ' any attempt
; 0 Dias your, iccuugs uiauiauum j
I Ti e subject discussed in these essays,
I trill be political econoby; .which, j in its
I broad and liberal. sense, may .be jfairly
fstylecl the" science) of promoting human
! happiness V .than , Which a more noble
! subiect 1 cannot occupy : the attention oil
finen endowed vith liberal minds, or in-
spired by public spirits ( . T
i It isto .be regretted that this sublime
' I science 1 has nof had adequate attention
Tbcstowed on It in this country. And,run
f fortunately so Jmany coptradictoryys
i terns are. existence, that statesmen and
; legislators disposed to discharge their
I duty consdientcusly, and For that purpose
; to study the boks oh this? subject, arelia
!' hie to be confused and distracted by the
'unceasing discordance in ! the views of
i the writers. ; T..: ' ' " ; .
the leadine1 principles . of the science.
-which safely conduct to the important andl
' Benehcent results,, tnat are us uiumaie
" object, are plain? and clear ; and reouire,
Fto be distinctly comprehended, and faith
fully carried into effect, no higher endow
' tnents than good sound sense, and rccti
,' vtude of intention. - . v 1 v .
j It is a mealancholy feature in human
' affairs, that prudence and error often
' prodoce as copious a harvest of wretch
i edness as absolute. wickedness. Hence
I arists an indisphtableLConviction of the
. imperious necessity, in a country where
: -sc n;an of bur citieens may aspire to the
I character of legislators and statesmen, of
i a mere general : study, ot this science, a
i thorough knowledge of which is so essen-
i for those imDortart stations. ' 'A ,)'.
v- TrrrtrtTimc Ta! tfoabt.on this point, we
i: . .. .i : r.i
snail aacuce, in toe coarse ui mnc essay s,
I instances: in which single errors of nego
i tiators and legislators have entailed full
1 as mcch, and in many cases mere, misery
i on nations, than the wild itnd destructive
I, ambition of conquerors. tUnless;in some
rextraoi dinary instances, -a sojmd policy
I on the restoration of peace, heals the
f Wotinds inflicted by , war, aod. restores-' a
nanr.Ti to its pristine staie 01 cu.au uu vy
fort. But numerrus cases are-on record,
wherein an article of a treaty, of ten or a
V; dozen lines; or an-impolitic pruhjust law,
has germinated into the most ruinous con-
; sequences for a century. " ' ! ; v - ik .
I Ids our intention, irt these essays, V
1. To review in - detail the. policy of
' those nations which have enjoyed a high
degree of prosperityi with ot without any
cxtraordirary advantages from nature;
and likewise, of those xvhose; prosperity
has been blasted by: fatuitous- counsels,
1 notwithstanding great natural blessings ;
., 2. To examine, the actual situation of
our. tountrv, in order to ascertain whe
ther we enjoy the 1 advantages to which
our. happy form of government and local
situation entitle us ; and if we;' do n6tt to
investigate the causes to which the failure
is owioc: : , . ' -; ;- ,
3. To develope the true principles of po-
uucai economy, suitea to our .-situation cc
circumstances, and calculated to produce
the gj-eatest sura of happiness throughout
the wide expanse of oar territory, .
In this ardous undertaking, we request
a patient ' and candid hearing from our
fellow citizens. We fondly hope fdr suc-
cess : but if disappointed, wc shall have
the consolation i of having endeavored to
discharge a duty every, good citizen owes
to the country w men. protects mm, tne
dutv of contributing his efforts to advance"
its interest and happiness; -y
--As a preiiminary. step, .we propose to
establish the utter fallacy of two maxims,
supported by the authority of the name
of Adam Smithy but pregpant with cer
tain ruin to any nation by which they may
be carried - into operation, """. - r - -
This writer vstands so jpre-eminent in
the cstimaticD of a large portion of Chris-.
tendom, as the Delphic Orice.yi political
wHiomy, ana there issucli a magic in nis
name, that h requires gteat hardihood to
encounter him, and a high'degree of good
fonune to obtain a fair and patient hcar
.."ij: fpr the discussion. 1 f I - '
But at this enlightened period, we trust
cur citizens will scorn surrender their
reastn intb the guidance or guardjansliip
ci any authority whatever. ; W hen a po
siuca is presented to the mind, the .ques
tion ought to be, not who delivered it, but
yhat is its nature, and how is it supported
,son ana common sense, and espe
cially by fact. A theory, hgw plausible
soever, and . however1 propped, up k by, a
of great names, ought to be re
farded 1 with suspicion; if unsupported by
ijKU-but if contrary tp establisbed fact;
"ought to be unhesiutingly rejected
a ms course of procedure is strongly re-
fended by thedepisive fafct, that, ; in
yi
the long Caalogne of wild, ridiculpus and
"absurd, theories on -morals; religion, poll:
tics or science, which have had their reign
Vrrjfong mankind,. there is hardly one that
has not reckoned , among .its partisans
men of the' highest celebrity, .And in the
present .instance, tha most "cogent and
conclusive facts, bear testimohyj against
th 6. poetical jEconomist, reatas is his re
put aticm r ' . y i ' "u
V We hope, therefore; that our readers
willbrin to this discussion, minds wholly
liberated frm the fascination of tie name
of the writer ,wKo?e iopinions we? unidertake
to combat and a 'determination tb weigh
the,evidence in the scales of reason, not
those of prejndiceii '"'Z' !
In order to render Dr. Smith ftilt jus tice,'
and to remove all ground for cavil,
we 'State his positions at length, and in
his owrt language, j ' ; i
To give the ,!mcnoply of jtiie home
market to the produce f domestic indus
try, in any particular art or Tnanufacture,
is in some "measure; to direct rivjatep' o
ple in what manner they ought tojemploy
their capitals ; and must, in almost all
cases,; be cither a .useless or an hurtfi2l-
A ' jf.
l regulation. If the domestic produce- can
be orou&nt mere as cjiean as inai. yrjo-
reign industry,, the regulation is jvidcrt
hl "useless If it cdnnattifmust &e gciic
ially hurt full .' j -.; f :
VTt isthemaxim ofevcrv prudent mas
ter of a family, ' never' to attempt make
at Uqme what it wlllx-ost him rnore to
make than - to biryi; The tailor (Jo'.S net
"attempt to make his own shoes; but buy
t them ot the shoemaker, 1 he shoemaKer
does not attempt to m. ike his own jclnthes,
but employs a tailor. The farmer at-t
tempts to make neither the onejnor the
other, but employs thrse oifferent artifi
cers. Alt of them find, it for-"theJr inter
est to employ their 'whole industry in a
way in which thev have some; advantage
over their neighbors ; and to. purchase j
with apart its produce, or, wont is tUe
san.e thing, witli t,he price of a p irt of it,
whatever else thev have occasion fori
44 That wh'ch is prudqnee in te con
duct of every, private family, canj scarce
ly be fully in that nf a great kingdom.
If a foreign coin try can sv.Jifily v vith
a commodity'--chepfief than kvp o'tracives
can makeity better buy it from th?ut idth
x8opie:fiart of the firegztee of. o ur : ovtn
country, employed in a way in which we
have some advantage.
44tThe general industry of the country
being in proportion to the cipial which'
employs it, will not tlie'reby be. diminish
ed, any more than th-atof 'the aboVe-men
tioned arr?ficers ;but'Cnly l'jjft tdjfind tit
the waj' in which Jt can be errp'loved viih
the greatest advantage'-'. It certainty
not .'employed to the great erx adancy
wheii it r? thus dirccjted'tovjards an o.'yrrt
svhich can buy itrfivaficr than it can vutke.
The value of its annual produce is ce.- cj
tainly more cr less diminished, wheput is
th'us.jtuciied awav from proauc?i.i; com-
m oditles evidently of more Valuejtlian the
com mcditity which it is directed . to' pro-
dace. According to the supposition;,; v hat
commodity coqldjbe purchased from foV
eign i countries cheaper than it can be
made at home, .. It could, theref ore,' hae
been , purchased
with a" part on
v of the
commodities, or.
what is the fame thing,
with ;a part onlv of the price of thiyxom-
modities, wliich jtiie 'industry' employed
by an equal capital would have, produced
at home, had it been lCH to tohow its.na
tural course' . i i;
There is in the subordinate parts of
this passage much sophistry and unsound
reasoning, t which we ihall examine on a
future : cccasipn ;j and Ahere is likewise,
as in iall the fest of the doctor's! work, a
large .proportion of verbiage, which is
admirably calculated to embarrass and
confound common understandings, and
prevent their forming a correct; dicision.
But,; s stripped of this . verbiage, and
brought naked and unsophistrcaied to the
eye ?f -reason, the main proposition which
we at present combat and tp which we
here confine ourselves, is, that, ' '
If a foreign country can supply' us
with a commodity cheaper than we our
selves cau make it, better buy it of them,
with some, part ofthe produce 'of 'our
own' industry, employed rin a! way in
which we have some advantageous- ! i
The only rational mode of testing the
ccyfectness of any.,niaxim'(br principle,
is to examine what have been Its effects
where it has been carried into "operation,
and what Would be its effects in any giyen
case, where jt might be applied, ! This -is
.' , t ,i
the plan we shall pursue, in this inVesti- f
tGreat-r5ntatnaflordsa. felicitous in
stance for our purpose. ; Let uslexamine,
what effect the . adoption of-this maxim
wt?uld : produce-j on her happiness and
prosperity;.'--; '' V;j- -V.- , - , 7
'Jjiiere pre above a' million of people,
of both sexes and of 'all ages, employed,
in that cbuntryln the woollen apd cotton
manufectures. By their industry in these
branches, they make for themselves and
families, a comfortable subsistence. They
afford a large arid steady market for the
productions jof the earth, giving fsqpport
to, probably at least a miUibn cf persons
engaged in agriculture. rhej'niox eover,
enrich the nation by bringing into . it,
wealth frora'nearlv all parts of the earthv
The: immense sums of money, .they, thus j (
lutroauce into meir pauve cpanirv, aoru
means of employment arid ensure happt-
ness to -otner miinons oj sunjects-rrana
thus like the circles made, thesurf.
of the;; streft m thy the.t. cejntmpebblei
thrown in, the ra.nge of, happiness (is' eXr
fended 6 wide as to embracethie;whole
comfp;unity.r:;: - , ;- t)' j
: From - this cheering prospect, 1 let us
turn the , startled eye ;to the masses- of
misery, which Dr. Smithes-'- iysteiri-'-wQuld-produce,
and twe shall then behold a hideous-
contrast, which we trusts escaped
the doctor's attention; far , the("dcls:nowf3
1 1 edged goodness; and bnevolerice of nis
( character; i will hot llow us vto believe
! that he would have beep the apostle; of
j such a perhieious doctrine, had he atten
; ded to its results. We fondly hope that,
1 lik many other visionary men, he was so
' deeply 'engaged in the fabrication of a re
. fined" theory, that he did not arrest his
progress to weigh its awful consequen-
ces.- ; i. ;i - j ,;,;Vi-''::J ji'
j ; The past Indies could, .at "all times,
until the icent improvements in machp1
' nery, have furnished cotton goods' at a
; lower rate than they could he manufac
I tured iii England, yvhich had no other
f means bf protectirTg ; her domestic IrKlus
jj try, hut I by a total prcjhibition of, the n-
val fabrics, Let us suppose that France.
where j labour and ''ypenses are nuichi
lower' than Jn Entlatsd, has p'osscsWd
hersel f of ma'chi nery, aud is thus tua
bied to sell Hvoullens at half, or even ! at
three-fourths, or seven -tugliths of he
price of I the English rival cniiiie(l?Jies. ;
Suppcs'( fiir.MieivtlUt articles manufac- I
tured of i -Wilier are procorahlc in 6':mth
Ameivcn, and iron wares in Kussttt, Ue-
i ifW toe
rates in England. Then if jiie i'j
n cif thati aticn'were disciples xi j.i
-sHtesmen
'.Adam bnyith, as "foreign
snfjilu ihrm with them
countries can
i
fljuy. tnnn tvith iiosc commodHw
.it
chtafier 'than they ihcinxHxiev can n-dke (
ihrmj they
tor, ' buyjh
nuist, acc?)rdii!g to the due. :
?n tnevi: vjh'n-.some ji.ari
t the produce, of thru oivn covntmy tMC
accordingly open rheit 'ports freely to
these various articles, from tbse frivr
particular nations. JVV ho can cHiU -mp-
late the result without horror ? What a r
wide spread scene of ruin and desd tltii 'I m am: facturing c cstabl!ishjniehts,'-4n& tiiya- i
would take place ! The 'wealth of the Iub!s rnachinery, Avhic!) cost millions pf4
country would 'be. swept away, tof enrich dolla rs now a dead ana irrepariAletloss -foreign
Sc'probubly hostile nations, which to the enterprising ,prtprietors. Had j
m?ght, kt no distant periodi nce u of j these ,'est'ablihintnts'peejn preserved and
thev,riches and strength. thus ftuitoifsfvi j duly protected; they would have greatly
placed in their hands, to enslave the jj
?coi)le who had destroyed (themstlves j
by following, sticll . baleful. pcunsds.-,
nd industrious' cirts'ses i
Hie laDourmg an
I niniili i;c Ul UUIC Ul.l via t iiiviu,
would he at once b
reduced to frcegraau.g suite tiepena- t ;
i.ence. and menaicity, ana, tnrougn
he 3 .
! force of misery and d Stress, di'ivnto p
ev !
! upoo'each other, and uijoii the rest of thel
Coinmunitv. i he luncile clase ot s
f'ety Would parake of. the distress ot
lower, ahthe' sourcesof xhe ttvenuef of
i i if. miiur .ymis c uw, -iuu , u. ,
f this terrific' scene of wo. and wretch
eu-
a
j Iness, at
(I -the gn;
i ness, ahd depravity, is to be proiiped
grantl,'. po rposejof piocu ring "on tid-
i
cloth, ana muslins, ana snq.es, aiui irpn-
i-'T J 1 - ' I
,vare, in i re-motel parts of the earth, a feW Hth'
.ought to "nourish and protect, are expelled
from their-workshops, anfXdriven u seek
support from the overseers of the poir--! i j
t . ' . !ii . 1. J.i. 'i . r .!' ':
we trust tnis wm noi oe iiiuguta v raocy ;
sketch ' Such a' view of ;jt Would be aiii
extravasrant error."' It! is soler. serious ;
reahty ;;and puts down tor ever this plau-
sible, bat r uinou sheoryt
ryAU- Ponder well on i
it, tellow-rcitizeusf. j . ..v - j- j. : ... :
I ' Let us suppose ' another strbngase.--.
The cotton . 'produced in this countryia-'
mounts probably; to forty millions of dol
lars annually. We .will suppose the; pair
nimum of the price, at' whicii it can be
sold to pay for AHe labor n'd-inteVest'otit
tne capitaiempioyeu in its cultures to, pe
fourteen cents ;per pound. We viil furn
ther suppose, that the southern prdv incesi
or opamsh America nave estapnsnea tneir
independence; and, ar6 able to supply us
with (tins yalqable v .terial atthe
rate of ten cents.- Ought we. for the sake
.of saying a few cents perVpmin, to tie-'
stfoy the prospects and rui: the;.: estates,
OI a mUtlOJl OI ,UtC t lUUdUllcHUS Ol , WIC
southern tates--3ta- paralise a jpulture so
immensely advantageous, and producing
intag
producing A
so large a fund of wealth, - and strength,
and nappiness f ,, tnoiua we, .ror sucu a
paftry consideration, Tun" ne, con
sequences v4hich ' cannot - be, regarded
without awei and , zwhich could .hot; fail
eyehtiiatly tD jnvovle;in ruin, even those
f who mightappear id ther first .instance to
profit by tlie'adf ption ot the jsysteit. ;
It may. be well worth while, to proceed
a step further, and take the casc oC'a. na-" !
tton able. to supply. us fully and complete i
iy wiux wueac ana oacr gram ayt lower
rate t)iaiivipur ' fartners could TurhilVthemJ
Thus thenwecslioiild find ourselves' pttr-'
suine Adam Smith's sublime system-buy
ing cheap bargains Of wheat flour from
f 6n e' nation, cottoii front ahothe iv lia i d ware ;
trop a thirdv and, to pursue the system
j througnqul,; woollen and cotton and linen
i eoods from others : while our countrv1 was
dustry paralized, ike laboring part of dar
raunuiy luiuoveiisaiijijoi us we ami, jis in-..
uauzens reauceu to oeggary, ana tne ur
cheHper than at horne !!, ,Thc. manure : H goe under the sanction: of his hamehas'
turerst-f Bambay,4:d Calcutta, and Paris, beeiilin operation jfoi centuries, ' As fot
and J.yrns-, and Pciersburg, Are to bced, U reicouhtricb.n. supply them with
und clothed, and f steredVby .hgtisii f; coiTjmodities ch e d per ; than they )thcm
wealth, while those of Englarfdr whem it selves c-n make ythemfheyther
; mersVplanters; altd roanjdfacrerslhWr -y
d in he - common mass if ruin. This where they are to be had cheapest to the ".
pictf.edemani6Vth keri; neglect and ;deWfietiohj of their domei5tibt, ;
oiis' attention of the-farhim arid Dlariters mdostrv. sf WitK'
of th e; United States, i i 'M- - ; V t
It may be1 asserted,, that-the snpposi-
iioa or our- cpuntry : oeio xuiiy suppuea
with cojttpn jaind. "grairi; 3oirei natjoLs
is so improbableatiot-to be admissible
eveft by Way pf argnment:. vr0us is a most'
egregious ; error : our; supposition so far
as respects; cotton is 'in j thefWl tideTof
successful experiment."!' That article to
a reat amount; i everiat present import
ed from Bengal, and sold at aprice sfar
helow our pwn, (differenceof quality con
sidered) that our; manufacturers find the
the purchase I'ejigible.:' .iLetit be consider
ed ;' th at-in 1 789 doubts were entertained
whether cotton could be, cuiiiyated W the
United States; that, in the year .1794,
there were exported I from; this country,
of foreign and domestic totton, only seven
thousand oas : ana yet tnat in ktsit ; tne
amount exported . was above eighty m 3-
misled as to suppose that Heaven has gi
ven us any exclusive monopoly of the soil
and ch mate cajcul ated for such extr jior
dinaryj and a'most ir.ciedible advances.
The rapid strides we have made may be
also, triade by other nations. V And Sitting
t outh America whoilv out of the q ties-'
j Uon it can hardly hf doubted, ffomjthe
t spirit: iwith wiiich -the-, culture of cottdhlis
t prosecuted in
the East Indies; and f the
certainty 'that ..the seed-.'ot'.out. best spe-
'cies hhve been carried! there that in a
!"'few years the country; willibe aJble,vpro-:
; vkled Adam Smith s! theory
continues to
be .icred upon here; f to beat . our plarirers
our ot their owom.'ii'iie'ts, after -haying
onv
n them from tliose of Europe. vIt is
1i.nott
lerelore, nazara.ing mucn to assert,
jthfit v
the time cannot be very rem te.
! when
seuthern , cotton industry will, be
Mcornp
ellfd to supplicate Congress for that
! ieirsl
htjv .protection,! '-tOT which the ma-
li no fat
fion ht
uring industry of the rest of the Uni--s
to earnestly implored that fcrjdv;
and which, had it been adequately affbrd-
ed, Would have saved frtim ruin humerous
lessened our ruinously unfavorable bal
ance of trade, and of course, prevented
that berniciou3 drain bf pecie, whiclv, has
oyerpread the face; jfof ;our Country with j
i;uI3UI;m,' tlllU l,iUUUCW I "V kujw viim uu . H
ruoratiiv ) as tair prospects are ever aawn-
on any-fiation.
We have eiven a slieht sketch offthe
effects the' adoption of tds system would
.,Jp'rod
iice 'in Kr.gland and: the United States
m.fi inrn -titii ;infi r.n I I fLK . fjufi "A-
- ftfcii,
and iilso glahced at the cpnseqiicn-
i
3 partial operation has already pro
duced in the latter: - Ave no proqeed to
take a very-cursory- view (reserving de-
Mil for -a future occasion) ot its lamenta
ble l esults'in Suain and I PortucaL where
statesmen arb id3st'plfesof; Adam
consider it ' better to buy irom them,
witlji omeVparc'oij : -Ue .; produce ot tpeir
own; country
.trill ' v
pUllnw Vi ;pn e.nnfcirler theforlomand
desperate state of hose countries, fhoif
witnstanf ung ine eopicest uicasiujja w -i a
ture have been Destowea on uiem wuu
Mayfsli hanainaqsry. paraiizeu,. iU.?
enormous floods 6f-; wealth drawnSfrOm
thei r colonies, answering ho other purpose
butfto foster ahd encourage the jndastryv
and promote tlie happiness of rival' ria
tiois; and all obvious y and undeniably
.This viewTOavappearioo gloomy. Would
to h eaven it were ! A cursory glance at some
of jthegreat interests of he .U.' Stated j will
settle the quesuon. ottpn, ,uie cniaiapic
of khe country is ilmand;not lively , ?to
riseV s the immense quantities from the
Bast indies have glutted toe English maiktt,
Which regulates the price in. ours., Atf aim
iri'ihe Western country,' pjn wfilcli so many pf
our. importers depend, are to the last degree
Unpromising. The importers, of coursehare
the most dreary audi sickening prospeCte e-
1. frtlipm. Thev .are deenlv m -ueDi.-r ana
! their resources almost altogether suspended,
l and a large proportion ultimately precarious,
! C6tpm ercev aid,.navigat9$' languish every:
tSvhereexcept in IheXmOst rmndtis brancu
wfe carry on that t'o the jEastxIndHCS iPurj
it her, notwithstanding nearly eight' mill ons
o specie were imporxea .in aooja
greathas been iftaram, snai . wi? uans c
ieral ly are sosl ererly-prb vided, sf td ex
cite fcrt6us,uneas ines.4. jVe ar e ; heavily Jnf
debted to Eogl&riuV sftf r havir (remitted
Immense ntiantities of goyenim bank
-stockhereby weshaiV belaid under ajhea
ytlanaerpetual'ia'nu :;fer.,;tnerest'
turt manuiacuiri re iy general firwiju .j
and some of ih eni i ire one-half or two th rds '
susoended. Our cit es present the distress- J
ing view of immense numbers of usefuP arti
ssnd mechahits)and hanuurers,rrbic
employment . We miht go wi w'tlh the pic
ture to ajgreat extent' but pie'sume enough
has been stated fa Jsatisfy1 the 'most incredu
lbus'i thai the oos'itiohs tJieUxi-irfe.b'y no
mean? ex;
I , ' .. . . & . . . . . . . ' r UUVll ilil IJL.UI.lill.1 iil. . '
forf yonf ey e, can. y oU 'eobjemplatc' thV v,. .
desating ects'of thije' system irj thosft
j 4 ww; yuiiinc, wiwrour. ueep- regret itnac
so man pf-.qq'r tiSejisaod .j.toriie:pf tKtiiii -j
i
in iiign ana elevated stations, advocate; its y r
universal adoption here, and -are !so far Lv
enamoured of Dr. Smith's t)ieoryV that;. I
thy rejrard as a stes oFheresv the idea J'
of appealing to , any other, iauthority, 'oa
postpone the consideration the ert. of r '
th errorj of Dr. Smith.oritiisUbject r '5ar'; 7 A
shall conclude with a statement of those, y y '
iu-4jui5 oi pouueai economyuiei souna ,
ntpj ui wiuyi is ;LujiJ5neu. ijy ilia exuc
u.4: k'li.iJi: .t .l'Ii
attv is the onlv
ffditmis nation of the earthiKi'--' . -'r
-.Ul.-Ali-dustry is the onltr 'sure ) 'fjdatioh-.ot '
iiiiunai virtue, Mf'lilC9S HU grcaulCSS, IIV ' 7
injall its useful shapes iand'formsi has a rim r Or- '
perious claim on goyernrrientalprotectipn y -j
jl "nation ever nrosDe'red to the extent A t )
of wV'ch it was -susceptibly Without duepr ! ; y,
teetlon of dbfnesflc indiistf v. -.Ii"- y U V j V .
j tHrThrQughout" the world, in , sil ages, -wherever
industry has been duiy,encouraged ;
mankmd have been uniformlyjndustrious,'
m Natibnsi like individuals; ate; In a ci V
reer of rmii when their expendit tires' exceed y .
their incomer - sX&tff myyf-Pi,'
, 1 V, Whenever nations re in, this Jtuitlort ' U "
U.is the jmperiodutyoflheftulers to'a) C
ply such remedies to correct the evil, asthe , H y
nat tire of the case may requircL ' i . . , - .: ;' - '
, VI, There are fewj jf ?iy political eyls. V '
to which a;wise legislature, untrammelled Sh;' i I
its d elibef atiotls and decisionsL Cannot ) kpp ' ) .., i
ah adrqateWmedyN '' Is. AV-"-. '"'.'' '
j Ylt The cases Spain; i ;)
prove, beyond? controyersy; that no natural i t
nns - SwitSPrlnnr! TtrllirA Ur R.otlnrl tintiiTl
advantages, how" great, or. abtndaht s 'eyep.
wilt couhteract the baleful elffilptg of unsound ; ;
systems of policy ; 1 and those JofiVciiicp; Ge
ly prove that no nafuraldisaidyanues are:;' V j ;
itisunjerable bV sounti bolicv t N ; -K. .-.C T.'. 1
yjlj. F ee guVr rnment is 'not, happ'n es;r. . "'.. jj
Iris only the meansrbuwiseljkemloyed,'i , ' j
j X. The injteresis bfieulitre; mai u(ac
turcs ahd commerce, are W inseparably Con
tiectedr. that anyKet ius iiuiry svlfered ;by
one of thjem, must materially affect ;hQ
others., lyy u,ty .y iCsfays. y .. -
y X.' The home market for the productions " " j1
of the earth and mariufactures is of moryhni'' -'-. : 1
jiortance than il the ; ft-tfiin nes, eVen' in ," - f -
tuumrjcs wnicn carryionan immense rorcign , , v..
Commerce. ; i y:;H !':,':'-t
J XI It us impossible frp. k najtion, possessed .
of immense natural advamkees. in endless
diversitytjf soil and elmake-in productions "
bf inestimable valuein jthe energy and' Cn-y
jterprize of its inhabitants--aAd unshackledT
by an oppressive debt, to sufTpr any gratof , ,
rvv, t .1 ' ? ' 1L.';2' '-I 'J 1 .! . v J
fiw'nai u.fvrc5s, in lipagricuiturc, commerce
pr manufactures, Ccalamities jpf seasons ex
eepted) unless there be vital 'arid radical er
rors in its systejrri of politjcai ecqn'omy.
jjYAUTHblltTTi
An act authorising the Postmaster Oeneralto
' ccfttracti as in other cases, for carrying the
mail in Steam tloats, betweeriew.Op,lcans
f in 4he state of iouisiaria and Louisville,
....theatate.qt ivcntvckyt R-;;-i?f. 'fy (: y: '
y Be it'endctetf by the Senate1 and Hotisc
oj representatives qj(tiey umteil State -,.,-:'
ojyfmericq,in Congress, qsse tabled, That-V 'Jt'
the Postmaster-General mayiand; he Js -J '
hereby aathoriseo; o, contract for the C. ;
transportation of the, mail in teamTboatj, 'c
bew een e w 0 rleans, In the state of Lou- l , ;. '
isiana, and Louisville, in the state of.JCen- y'"
tucky, for any ternisof time, not exceieding -
four years inv any' 'ohej:cbnfractV;mhe -
same way anil manner as helawfully'rnay .':''
fof the carriage of it by land ; but ther';
whole; expense otsending the, mail in: r, ,
steam-boats shall not exceed that of tf ansi &
mittmg the same by; land, 1
An act fojMhe relief of Aquila Giles;;
Jl
' Representatives oj 'the United States of-.
America,: in Congress assctnbjeoLo That ' ' ' J
the proper accountingofijeers of theTrea
sury Departmen t be, and tliey areJicrebyLci i. ' ;
authorised and directed to settle the tUmkA'f
of Aquila uues, on account :i a warrant;:
I issued; JjyjD.
eighty-two, and attested by Joseph Carle- .'
ton, expressing on its face, to have issued
mr t
that
the
shall jbe paid to the said Aquila Giles'. out '
of any nioneys in the Treasury not btheNjr
-wise apnVopriated : Prptf; that anvn
Bum or sums of money with which he itaayr
stana cnargea on u,e uoost uic . i. rean . ,
shrV fife. first deducted but df said amboixtj r
Approyed-lardi 3, 18. : , ; V :
, An set for the relief of Uarold Smyth.
':Bc it enacted by the , Senate ahd floitte
:i?4reif tMV TO Stele
fJmetfratinCQngm
the proper :vaxotiirtin&
i
X reasury ijuepanmemoeana ttrev arc; .
ne oaiancc oi nis payas major ior : -year,f
forfve-b
amftunt 'whichmaV-'Be' ivfouhd' due :V
iferebv, authorised, to auaitna setue tuo v
accounts f liarold Smyth, late a Captairt "v ;
brevet in the army of the United States V ' '
atodQuartem;asteVtftlF ' -j
iktiaii the nrifirinle's ofeauitv. ahdlustice; ! .ll It
.v.
t. i."
"
..-I I
,
Xqvq. j I citizens reduced to beggary,
i ' if P :-''i ( :ly 'y- $'t
. u$r:r !:': ' ?'" ' " ' -
'
l m l-JApprovedVlrcU L 181?; T
f:i V'St-l Xkiy -. ' : . -. V
, y.y- -;-.-..:H--' i 'a !'"- r
m
r I t . i ; "'-v W' i.--r
; -, . i (. . S-. .
yn:r
1 I' -' : '..
...;.;
TT