,W---v1 J .biv ?v -'r . . K..: :,.' f-'.v
:-.j".,-.:gf
:.V.r,. !
i -.J
.
r.
S Oar aire ill plant f fair, dellgfitf alPtacie . ;
'Unyarp'd by pirty rgc, to IWcUke fircthtn'
&i tJPKlDAYi-A-CrGUST 6, 18t9j
vot- XX.
- v. ' -
'1-1 " . -, "7
J. r
MM
; ...i,
' In" our preceding- A Wressesf felbcl
have nresente3 vod with
.kJ vidnm;jind beheBciaf 'resdltft df the
ivste'm of thethrre first ntion tvenof
ft! ni nrind of her hSstorv.' We
Have shewn, fromuthCT.VWt
and happiness of Portuil. en she re
laxed .the system' oi prmng, ucr. ua
inustrv wlierebyi she was preci
Ditated from a most flparishingvsituation,,
't-twoor fhreeears..exacuj, as me u-;
fed States have been4 and aJjut: the
same space of time. eei a comiqenj
hpe, that those who have brought th
diiusion that spirit off candor and im
partiality, which is reqaite to a correct
decision,' and.'vhich the iraportancie of
tb" subject demanded.have been convinc
ed of the vital and radical errors in i ou r
fystcmbf policy. - ; :.; '".
Ve now present to yoarvVicw the es
nf the Renort of Alexander Ha-
tnsitrn on the encouragement of National
Ilruractures one of the most luminous
and in$trnctivevj)ublic. documents ever
produced in this; or perhaps m anyother.
cor.niry. I sheds a glare of fight on this
-all" toportant subject, that points outwith
inerriiig certainty, the. course this nation
chruld pursue. Happy would it hfcve
been, had the legislature of the uninn been
rudcd by its dictates. We should then
jiavc made rapid advances in the career
of prosperity which was open "to us, and
in which e were invited to proceed.
. But unfortunately our . whole system of
p litical economyibas been iiv hostility
with the profound vie wa developed in this
talaable report--and the United States
nov'par a heavy forfeit for theerror of
ctglecting its sage counsels.
There arecircumitances attending it,
-which entitle il to the most peculiar at
tention ; Mr. Hamilton'g habits and asso
dations lay among he commercial part;
of the communitvV of whicl the jgreat
m?:ss .accorded, with hhp In poh'tic"and
rer irded him as Jheir-fcrnnd leader; The
polmcs of the'nwibf Ity Cth6 manufactur
ing interest were hostile to his. There is
stroncicalousv between them. r'-Qad He;
therefore, been unfriendly to rnnufacl
tares, in order to foster and protect enra-
merce, .(accordiqto the narrow views
enttrtainea oy many 01 our ciuzcns 01
tlie fancied hostility bctwi en their intcr-
j ests) his ' polUics nnght be suspected of i
producing: an uiuliie bias. on his 'mind, aud!
; warping him to sapport'an crrpneous sys -.tem.
(fX'. -j,.
Bffvhen, in opposition to the dictate
;cf hisnoHticsi he appeared the slrenuou3
aclvtc of manufactures, as the1 grand
'nieansftf promoting ihe hippines tlie
poteV, the greatness and independence
cf his country, it behoves : those, wlio. u
point cf mind, are no more to compare
;ithKaniiltoor,thin a dwarf with V the
nanof Gathy to weigh well the grounds
of th.;r opinions,.. and once for all consi
der, whether the' will continue the'dis
ciples of Adam Smith, to the utter rejec
tion of Kose theory in all its parts, his"
cwn country owes hercolossal ixwcrX-or-
of AlexandeV Hamilton advocating
that system.! which has" never failed to
insure theprosperityf andhappiness of
every nation," ancient or .niodern.that has
pursued itr-that is, therotiftion of, na
tional viditstrum other words whether
they will contftue.to lead thjjir countr' on L
the road to ruin: under the banners ot
Adwn Bmith, or take the rcad to true, 4
i.upenuence unucr uiusc v ftn.uiiuvi
Hamilton. Light and - darkness Are iot
more onDosite to each other, than Adam
Stiiith and Alexander Hamilton ph this
Pmt of political ecohomy so essential to
isre 'tt&t wealth' ?f nations."
Oq thedecisiouof this gi-eat question,'
epcnd the future destinies, , xiotbnly of
'is couutrjVbut of a large portion - of
ttar.kind. whr fortunes cantfOt fail to
deeply affected by. the result of pur'
,.. 1 y i " " :!, . Jill
lmient ,ot tre governmenr vye
ltrtiore solemnly : invoke the aid: and
operation of the wise and the good of 4
erystctico of the union in the discus -
I snof this all-importantopic.-; -
Li ttii fvpzi fa Report o Alexander JIamil
; n, Esq. Sec'rttcj-riJt the TtfiitrtA Janua
y 1790.' - J " ; ' 4 v
, The expedicticy pf encouraging manu
tn,e& m the United States,' which'wa?,
l-.r.g since, deemed very questionable,
j-Prsitt this time to'be pre.tty general-
. jammed. The .-pmbarrassnients,
wch have, obstructed1 the' progress . 6f
.ex'eal trade; have led to serious
!-i, s, ,3115 051 the necessity of : enlarging
:',',' IJuere .cTbur domestic, mmmeice :
''wrktivc regulation rchich'in Jo-
KCt aorrtge the vent bf the in-
rfa ' suruus pf fiur. agricultural
that 10 orgei an earnest ,tesire
B 7.7. -r. ..... . ..:jr ' tL.'.t.
14 be created at home; ; Ann
'wlS'te success which1 has regard
. U.Jrtntno. ' - . e ....
l" ( ufaciuring enterprise In some Vi
misipg s'j?t6mi;wlich'vaf sonie Jess
tltat th rfiiuclesao thtf growth. of thin
enecies "of, industry,1 1 are less
s 'formidable
thanthev were U anbfehen ded t& beH;; aiuf
that it is not'dirtfcult to find in its further
extension, t a iuii fnucumuuuun jui ouj
external digadVantnsres.7 'which are; tor
ma v be exnerienced. ,asr well asn accesr
fsion pt resources javpraoie to natural in
nepenaenceanusaiery. 4 -s' ; 4 , o
en cou fagement
folldwinrsupstahtialj
fy-'icVtfies oipriecfefendcd if.-
:i ;ln;every country (say, vthose who en
tertain them) agriculture is the-most be
neficial and prOoUictiye f pbj?ctftof - hu mjan
industry. )k-Thifijrositioni generally, if hot
umVersaliy ' true, f applies. ;witi - peculiar
emphasis to the United States on account
of tla ir immense tracts of fertile territo-,
ry, '.(Uninhabited and'-tmimpfoved. Nbf
mine-can anora so aqvantfureous. an em .
nloVhient forr' Capitht and Hbpf as the 1
conversionpiHnis extensive, vwnaerness
into1 cultivated f irmsi NoUntig f equally
with this.Can contribute toAhe population, I
strencrtb,;iand Hches of the country, rfj
r"'io ecueavor, py me; extraonunary
patrbnage: of gdvernmemVto uccelerate.
growiu ot iiianuiatiurcs, 13,-111 x;ict,;io
endeavor, bv jfqrcefainl rt, Jto transfer
the natural cirrrerit of industry, i from I a
inqreto altss benphcial cliannl. Av hat-
ever nas ucn a tendency nius$ necessa-
rity be nowise : indeed it can harjcUy evlr
be wise in'X govcrniVient, to-attempt !to
giveartlirection to therindustry 6f its citi-'
zeii.'-Tnis, under the quick -biijhtrdu.i ;
dance of-Di ivate interest. w;il. if IttiUc'
itself,' infallibly find its own w;y the
most prbtltaulp' einployment ; and it is j
oy sucn employment, tnatie puotic pros
perity will be most tfi'rctually promoted.
To leave industry to itselr, iherefofe, )s
in almost eve: y clt.se, the ' soundest, ias
well as the siu-piest pc.licy. . '. ' , j
" This policy ris '10. cjjly reco!Tmendtd
to the United States vby -Considferatiois
which affect all nations'; it is; in a maii
ner dictated to them" by( the imperiohs
force of a very peculiar situation The
smallness" of their r.pulaticnl' com pari: d
with their territory the constantjallui-e-Toents
tb emigration, fronvthc settled to
the'; unsettled parts of the country tjie
facility with which thei les-. indejieadent
condition of an krtisan' caft.be exchanged
IfogthQ.more indericudent conciiiiun of u
farmer these, and similar cau .es cun
spire to pnxluce, ad,.for aictigtli oi t:tat
must Cviiitiuue tu 'occasion 'a scarcity jot
nanus ror.manutacturin8-occupdt!pn, ai;i !
dearness.ct ,I.ov.r, generally. 1 these
adVa:itas:es for the prosectslion of .naiiu. -:
dearnes.cf I.ov.r,geuer:iily. T UiCss,!
fuctu'res, a 'deficiency tjf .pecuniary capijj
4tVVCll t-Ty HW UXlVllV 7 , 1 w .'tl 5- IIIW fiy(.f UAK " rf L. -
tnl being added, ljui prospect pi a bUCCvia- s-i1 by .'uio .:cits.K.s itVartiriceiS ii, nuui
fal competitioii'y itix the manufactui esUif j' fattuivrs, ix.x'actiy tstiwl t.. dJCA'iue
Kuronev must be regarded as little lss j i'uldeaby thei' labor, lt. c.ienuitcna-s'a-
thiiA dvrauvilvtchuve. manutucui;is j
can only oe theioiis)i iaf a.rednnutiUy- !
at least of a full nonuUih-u. Tiii tii-c lk- j
ter shall characterize trie sitncion hi this
country, 'tis vaip to hope (ui;tliti forniefv
" If, contrary to the natural courselot!
things, 4121 uea-onuole aiidpivmaiure.
spring can given to certain iVtos'ics, by
I by otiier forced expedients ; t;;is wiil only
OC 10 sacnr.ee uic uiivic3is u liicj.-uijju-inunity
to those! ol particular ciasses
Besides the misdirectiu:ot i.ibor, v ni-iual
monopoly wiii be given to- the prsinssj
ea.ployeu on sucn xaoncs ; ana au euv
hancement of price, the inev itUbis conse
quence of every monopoly .must- 1pede-
l rayed at the epence ct the other parts
of the societyJ
ypr It is iarpreterapie, tiiat
those-person should be .engaged in the
cultivation of the earth, & tnat we bhould
procurein exchauge for its prixluctipiis,
the commodities, with which foreigners
are able' to- suppiy ui In greartei'' peiieC
iion, and upon better terma. ,t j
This ihode of reasoning ris founded up
on fatts, andcpriiicipleswhich have ceiv
tair.ly . respectable pre.tensiobs.v it'liad
-governed the conduct , of .paiiphsHndre
gcaierally. tliauit.UasdQne,itlie
to su-posetnat.it iuigut huve carrieu
therii faster tb; prosperity .and greiitness
tharf they liave attainul 4y Uie pursuit of
niaxims too wideyjoppbsite.; Most gen
eral trieoriesno'weverj adniit of numtr
plis exceptions J hd there are fewjtf any,
pf the political kind; which do notjblehd
a .considerable "portion of error,;vitlttlib
truths they inculcate; ;'.; ;'; v k( vtr
. In order to an accarate judgment how
far thatwhich has been justiaied,ouht
to :be deemed llatilb to a similar Jiiiputa
tich. Vp necessary, tpiid veit carefully to
the considerations ; jviliich plead irijfaby
of manufactures,andyhich appear jto i'e
commeud the special and posjae eajcou?
ragementv ottnem,( m certain cases, ana
under certain reasonable liniitatio sL "
It ought readily ' ;tb be"caucfdedl . that
the cultivation Pi tne earin, as ine piiina
ry. and most certain source of "national
supply as the immediate chief source
oi subsisteftce to (nan--iis the. principal
source ot 'hosematerials which consti-v
Ulie llie DUunUCUbiU uuiH aiuuo
tK' including a state (most fayorableio
the freedboTi andindepende hu
man mmdfone, penaps, inpst.conuucive.
co the-ui uitiblication of tiie Jiuinahspecies
lias iiKriHsicAliy:ar strong claim to pre-
. ucucs, conspa-ing with the pro li cniihcte cvcc cycixothcr - 'kind of .indaii-1 j
5. But, that it has a-title, to anything like
an exclusive preaiiecuon, in anv country,
oughtttjt bdmiUed wUb great cautioi,
fr 'fat it .is -even ., more productive', tnan
'ctery brarjeh of ihdiTstry, req uires more
vrdehce thah ;-haS yet beengiVen in supj
port of thc''pbsltTp9rdat' its' -tjeal iaUf'
rests, precious "and ImpbrTant as? ithout
the help tif exftggerMionV.theyvruly?are
wiu oe vancea r&iner tnan, uijurea jty
tliepdue encour
:naif jfcf3!'.ifili&iti,: be', satisfactorily de?
mpnfiiratfu, , ado u is aiso oeueyca, inat
.the expediency ofT sitci enconragement.
n,a genera view may o snown to ie . ret
cptmende bthe riiost cogejritnd per
suasiye mbtfves pf national pplicy.A. ., ' ,
It h as ;been:" ,ni aintained, . that agricul
ture is not bply the mostproductlvebu!
the only productive species of iridil.st ry
The reality.of this suggestion, in eithev
resbect, .has however, not been verifier
by'ahy accurate detail of f iciji and xal
culalion : ind the ceneral aKffuments
which arc adduced to ioyc itare ratheij
subtile sand paradoxical, than sclid ,or
lliose, 'win eh maintain if s exclusive
productivenesj, are' to this effsCt :
L.abor bestmyed u pon th e j c a Itivatioji
ntlanxl, produces -oiigji "not to re-
fplace all tire necessary' expe'necs incur
red in tlie lyqiiiiess, and vtp; .amtniij the
persons who are employed in it, but to
afford, together with tlveordhi my. profit
tm vie svocjk o cap.iai d iye lariv.er, a
c surplus; of! rent torvAt!ie landlord or
1 pj-opvitrtor ; ot the smi. But .tuc-Linor ot
arliticers does notinr.g more thMi i ejhice
the stock which eo. ploys tiiern, or whxii
furnishes material's, tois aifti vyages, ;-aV(l
y;eld the onlinary p'ofit up 'hat jftock.
It yield".- :vthciahv.lc5it tpjjin; rem-of
(ajvt. .Neither ds it ndd any .thing 'to
the tot-l vaJsje.o'f ihe wheh am.u -tl-pro-dacc
of tliii Kind asid-l-xbor of the Cr?unfiy.
'' - Trie aulii: ti.ul vuiue giiei . to .. tho.se
.parts t.f the produce hi laj;d,! vli?cU;"are
wrought into m.mur.icturt'x, iis;'-'Cvunier-balui.ceil
uy the .value of - those ""other
pa.; ts ot 1 hat produce, v'hich ai e piiisuui
cii by the n(a.iuifurt rs.'. It Can therefore
only be by sa!;or--paiiTiroby,'' not by
t!e positive product 1 vewcsji of ,f heir labor
HI
that the classes prartilvceVs-cau-
degree auuicutme jreventtc of tiie soci
ety - ' )"' ' :x'-: '1
''..To. this it has been; anVwerept,
1:1. ." That inasmuch as - U fs acknow
1 fd ge d , I i 11 a t 'ma n u f.ipi un.i i '':' b rr rl u r -duces
a v. due eqa u o Xhr vh;ch' is cx
peudtd Or i conMinft;' in"'- c.irryUig. it'biy
and coi;tiunes .in ej;Ujuce the 'original
stock or capital empjovt-d, it v ugh , m
j-.tnat acc;:uii alone, to escape, bcs.ig. cca-
siuercii as wholly 4.ipr.tluc;jie ; that Uu
il. should be idirntwd as " ai!ctwi;'d. t'Aa'
sidercii as wholly
ihc Cousu :ptiuu ri ehe. produce 'jf; tve
e-n -wiifcti u is cxenea: vet it w..4i;; n t
th; nce tijilow, v.Uut'it-addedji(U'ii6g io tiv
rtve;u'e oi the secieiy, orvto .the .agjrre
gate viilu6pjf, the anhual ...pr'otiucsr of as
i.usu and iaopr Itthfi Cfpsanimatioii,J-:
h'ys gieu pel10d,I aliounU;ilito ' .g.;yv4
su.iu ami the Jiicreased value of iiic p o4l 1
uuee o,i..umcvieu,. m tne ,uue penp
toa like suiii. Ahe totaVamount .ut tuciip-
sod, vvould bc qual.to the
consequeuuy dou-ole the,
.Ml III " I I if (ijlu I . . .
i.uuu 1 1 b vi u vi. i.un: ut; i tu. - iuv ttuu'i i
the increment ot vam-, pi oducta by t"ic
classes of-artificers, -saouiu at tioudex -
Cv'etl the valueof tlivj prod wee of .the lanoj
Consuuied by thchi yet there wv.uid . bu
at evyry moment, m consequence of -the it;
iaopr, ,a greacer -vai ue or gonus in ; 1 nq
inat ket tnatf' ouldexistliiKlenefjdeuf'iv
it. -, . h. -.V'.K Tv -- : " " ' 1
5 ''THTat the ppsition,4hat artificers
can augment tne . revenue pt a society
oniy;oy parsimony, is, true in no Qtne!
sense, triau in one which is equally appli
cable to 4fuslahd mm- or -l cultiv atbr s I C
niay ,be"4like aihriried of all tiiese ciassisj
mat tne tuna; acquireu oy their iauor; ami
destined ior thei rsuppbrt j is not ,f in ait j
rtr-Hln a ' tun .nAr-; than - rri 11 jV f ?'''''-'
viui ueiicc wui louujy, ujai augiuema
tions of .the Vealth br capital of the cbhi I
luunity. (exce'pti in! the instances of sbrne.
extrabrdinary tlexteriry or. staiy?an ohiyl
proceed. wuni-epeCE! to; any f of ihem,1 j
trorp the saiingsof tbe rnore thrifty and
parsmouiotisiC;f ,4 'r;.l;:v.:'-:', !
I 'sik Thai the Sanbual , ptpduce ' of the,!
land and labor of a countiypan. only : belj
lucreasedjK two" ways, by so:irc.improie-7
nient: m" the: product
useful labor, whjbn actually exists f'witiwf
hi ity9r' b c ohie increase in - tne qu autity
Ihrst, tue iaoor ot artijicers bemg capabui..
first-' the ialvhr Vf-jrtifirVt liiv,tr"'iiijlilnl
01 i;reaceisuoaivisipniw.simbUcay-'ot:4tb
Ppei-atioii than that of Cultivators, it ii
f viiiti"i r,PL 1 i . J ' I .
susceptibie, in jaibiortioiiabiy :grea:teli
i degree of Ja prove tut at" in its protiuctive.
povci-s, -wucuicr. ipje uenvku-iroru an 1
accesskon of-skiil, or from the aptihcatioiii
oi .lngeuiuus niaciiineiy ; 'in , wjpcn;pnrut
Jcular theretore the-' labor ehipioyed lrt
the ; culture of ikc$ tan 'pretend to no ad-j
"X- oyer
fa'ctuie: that witli reffird o ;aVaueuien-l
natiou bf .-the qdantity, of usefurrahoii thisi
cAtiuuui au veiiuuous cirqpii wancesj
in ust epend eseii tju lly: iiPn tin iuci eas
Jit rrtlllf'.f 'whu'lr'.Jir-lin Trtllif yiariAnrl ilVJ
w. II UWU ttguiu u.liSW Ul.lt.llU 4.
ioa iac saving 'made iedt of -u- reHnuey
if ot those, who fhrnish ;ovanage that;
which is at any time employed, netner
in agriculture or in manufactures, pr iri
any other way.
! It is now proper to enumerateh,e prin
cipal : circumstances ; from whicttit may
pe;-ineiredr4hat;':;2a&c
bliehments not &nlw occasion a fiositive
(iti7rtfntation of the fiYoduce and revenue
ofthesncUtyybut that they contribute
enscnciaiiTd to renucriair mem .i r
thru c&dld hoHsiolg be, without tucti cs:
tablishtnentsA Thesexircumstarices are
lis 11c uiviMun m H t ; ' j
2 An extension ofthe usef Wchj.-
nery. y- - - ."V -; '; '"
3. Add ition ai" e tnploy rh ent to classes of
tne, community, not ordinarilir engageo
iu thHhtisiness.r ? t 9i v : ' f ;
4'. .The promoting : of emigration from
foreigh.cointriesv': ':r.-rl
5. 'The ; furniihtingi'-. ater" sccej':for
he diC'ersityof talents .and. dispositions
whicli discriminate mcn 'from ' each V:p-
ther. . " . -.J i ;4 ' vv
v G'..yHe arTofding a rnbre amgle and ya
rHus Tikl 'for'.eterxjrise - '
7. The 'creaJinp,ui some instances a,
III.: w, Hiril .-itLiUJ 1"K, IfJ 'Itll it HIOITI. V"11"1
jnd. stead vV'"demand foHthe 'urriiuibrb-:
iiluce if the soil, ' s :
1 1 Each pf these circumstances hasa jfcpn
I i'Vr.Vfde i influence i upojv the tainias
of n ui;sr: us effort in; the cbmmuhity to-,
! and e!Vc '-which 'are not easily cohdelv
!?. -smo comments, upon each of thepi,
hn the order in .; which ihey have been
ttep, njily serve to explain their itnpor
i. to the division bflibor. :
It it;s 5een, instly bbervjed, that there'
nrcfiv anv thing of greater; moment
I n tiv economy of a nation, tnan tqe pro
; j t; r dp isKn otH bor. The st' para tign pf
rrr.!inaii"s c.us each tp.be. carried to a
.much irr' ;f er Wrfectio thian it could prs
s'b'y acjninif they were blended!- Tliis
.'irises principally from three circumstan
ces.
Is.; The' greater
skill'. and dexterity
r)'.ural!y: resulting from a constant and
hndi v jdeirapplic 'tion to a single j object
Tt is evident, that these prbperiies must
increase, in proportion to tne.cpmphca
tion ; of- objects!; and fhe number a rpong
.vhicli the attention s districted.; ,1
l""-24.T:'e ecVbmv prtfmeby aVokiing
the lo'-s rf it, incident tbVjrequertt trap-
ti-v-i from one operation, to ahotlerpf a
di'-Terent uatuie. This depends on vari
ous cj rc rVmstances ; I the transitibn; jtself
the orderly t'spritiob i Pf the imple-
.me.nts, machines and; materials, employ-j
t?d xn khc :'t ftpcrai. ion t to brelinuishedi
Uie preparatory steps to the commence,
t , -1- - - S iL A
: rnent i ot. a new ont tiie Hit erruption ot
: 1 k'.;:,i:.'...i..,-...!..i.-.a.,.:Zi .-r
si Minn iwcnires. from foe"inencajrea;ih'- hL-
I i P1 ft 'c.hlaroporatoji the'distractiynljie;
i !ssitat: -ins, aivi rejf:cunces,b .which Najtend;
-:j tne passage irom ce Kinu oi ousmcss 1,0
; i 'Srd.ih extension bf the use of machi-?
ifWrjWIi! liaw h mnre m':his howewltlti
,vrn nmr .iWfniv.liv Ir-ditrthisl
1 ,:,hation in devlimgi methpdsito faci
Iji.pvtand ahndgeUbor.1then!f;h
te artist SVh fbllbws it has all tile a?
;h - ji.awWd ffentinieratetl
ft improve noent iri thisj particl ait :
ana m ootn ways tne invention aqu appp-
cat ipji of machinerjf aretendel.
i .Ml from these causes unitedMeftnete
separi;non 01. ine occupauou pi uie cuit
tivt.bVJjfrpT
effect of augmenting the prbdubhye! povv-
ers oflabor, and w i th them, th e tpal mass
fof the produce br rtyreriue ota coxmtry.
In tmsj view ot tne simjec tneneioreitne
utility of artificers bt nVanufaciiUrerstoi
I wards pi-omotiuer an incre4se.ot;nroduc-
live Mittustry, is apparenr.j ':::yH-'
.'VII As to an extension bftlie use cf ma
chinery, a points which though partly"
anticipated,, requires to be placdln one
I or, two additional .lightsfV": iy'4
1 1 1 he employment ot machinery , torms
an item 01 jji-eaiiiiiporxaiictr i pis gene
ral mass of j natiobal indiistry j 5T)sah
artificial force brought in aid of te.na'
tura t fqrc; of manXjand' tbfall thepfUrpbr
ses of 1 abbri is a n; increase of ha nd i"; ah
accsston of strength unincumbe'rekVjtoo
by thephse ptniaihtajasug the labor
er. Mayjt hot thereforef bertairiy Infer-;,
red. j that these bccupations whicli giv e
irreatest scope iO the; use of this:, aiixilia-
ry, contnaute inost totne general stocK i
cf jndastrii.us etTort and in cbnseqaedce,
. xi suait ia.ti.eu iur , graiieu aim uie
'trulivpfrthe
qon that inanufabturiiig pjursuits aie. sus
cepitible iri"a ervaier degree of the hppU-
. . -.; 1. . 1 1 1 1 .. T'JL i JJ 3l " ii. A lt-
I yttllUil Mi lliclViiJl.C4 V ,:llltll lllU Ot, itgl V.UlT
1 thrfetlf so all the difference is lost fo a.
u,jiiiniujuy , wuiwii insieau.01 iiianupiciur-
ingjfpr hselffj
site' to its suppcwther cbU
iibsijiktion
inanufaciurei is d trfafyfrtoybfeiJfa
entfitoumcnt i'jnacierujk the yfadtZih
xvntf p ii zs capaoiruf ocpzg emfiiayea wiin
twp sui'ii;a:.d 1 ;i;;.tniar: onehitiohs. jBesidelhis tliel
v- r nerniexea ov a variety 01 lnaeoeoQenc auui
11., , fi ,u , J l .. i . 1 ... . ', - . '. -I
-..!." c 6 i fari7fa:.ipnupt : .macm.nes..-m''iiu.merasj
stattovs, beconpner its1 It a dtsjincwaQei I
within: the;last( twenty 'years, .-jis'a sfgnaV1;. ;
jf lustration -pf.jihe -general ' Dropwitipnlrf "-f, j
which liasbeen jut 'advancefiVviln con vv J I
1 $equence of it all the different; Drpcessci ' '
for spinning Cotton' iarertperformed ..by "j.'
means of machines, which are jputjip mp
tion by, Water, and attended chiefly fiy t$?v
men and children i and by a smaller nuih v J
I ber of, persons,1 in thewhble,J than - aro :z:
requjsite in he ; ordinary mode of pin :
ning. And it )s ,ah ;,advartage of . great V-1 C
moment, that ihe bperations of the milV
continue, with . ,'con venlence;ddririg ' the . t
"J6'"as .weiasimrougnr xne navv; . - ac
ajresshich has' bcehso supTderdraade '?
in i?. JDntam, in the various tabnCs o; COt
Wo ullaHdmeiilar to vjhont these fire
l...1 . KUJi-K- Tt-:. j crLV : 'x a -'y1 .. ' th r M 'a
viuwujoeinccii .vuc vaiilcu OlilCS uyl ...
merica and the Gfeatand'Little. Osap Hf:
, y liAVWuuu V JC. , 144ttVAl w - CLUCK
eicnteen. Pv . commissioners On the Dart ; 1 .
cf Uiesaldtfiuieti Staiesiiihd'ceiafnih-a ;"'
side rate jnehv chieft "t iihd amob, of : alt ; t j .
the several bano "bi the' said
the.pav: and m behalf of the said nation f 'X
which treaty is in tfie 'ird4!fbUbyBrVtay'fi--Vi'l'.":
A Ureatv "made and concluded' bW and hit
jtween; Williatii Cfiuk ; iGoVercbr: of thfc V v
' 'pJissourijTerriJtory ;
LAi
the United State, of the one part; and a; n , " "
: full a'rid complete 'deputao 6f cortsidei j:'-i-lJ,.
rat? nten, JcliieV, and warribr&ilof ad Hit. $ ' r:'...
several baadsot the Great knd) Jttle Qs v
ae,!natiofa'ss''fm theiit, ' f.-:
v .artJ. rv nereas the- Usage nations
nave Deen emoarrassea bythetreauencif r.
demauds for property taken from the ci- "
tizens of the .United State's, - by war pat-
ties, and other thoughUejsjtnbn. of their '
Kvprrf T: hand - f hnth 'KfF.r ! "Atif cJn'A w ' ; 1
their r''With'''1th-'rthpmWt V tfr, Wiv:; "V'lil'is'
- - t -ww 1 b.iv w 1 11 ,r
i..ir. rfiiLL i.-iTJ f. v -a- , -! v
theefertrpjijsf ttheirf chkfsjhaliew : '
inefiectuali rprrecoverin and rtlivrin . - " " O !i li
such property; cbafprniablylwlth t
uiwi mlMiw Hiiu oj iut tfciticuiy cir , '
cerea into witn. tne pnitea states; at i ortr; . : v Ji
e-idi 1 11c iciuu w 4o vcrnoer,! one tnou ;i 11
Clwf !oi.rlkf ll;tnliiial"lnJ :':JlJj--'..'J '4''.- X.-J . -ui .th
viiu uiuijuiiu oiiir cufiii ; auu as i i, iU
f,. k.vMi!:VjA''WMAM. -iu4-:-l'i.--.'. 1 ? ..-.'-.9 hi
inc. uwuuwijiuns ii vi tucir tl lnUlueS, 1R
CpiifoVmity.to the Said article, would1 de
priyethem of any? for fe"yt'alj eareand-.
being destitute rof funds. to do that iusticd v ' 1
to he citizens, of he OuitedStates whichv; , ji
is calcblated to rpniote i friepdlinterf V
vuui j.i A.i.vi iniv ntittui aim uu ncreuv
wardly, to the saidVOsaee bounciarv, itn-e. ;
atiajoint twfenty leagues nbrilrfrrn thft '
Arkapsaw privet- j and, with ifiat liiie; tbv'-':
therpiace.pf beginning.- M M : f " ' ;'
.KfjTheJ UnitedSitelfoh'theiH
partahd .fiii consideration :jbf :thc above " :
cession; ; a-gree in additionitb the - a
Iribunt which the )sage do-nxtwrreceLve f
ift nioney'and goods,) tb pay tbir oWn ci-v
tizensihefuir ofvsoch " property as . "
xuey cap iegajiy prove to Have, been stol
cri or destroyed by tlie'said Osace: ? kmce v-
the year one thousand tight Mid red and;
tour teen 1 1 provided f the same! does : not
exceed the ' sum of four thousand r doU'
r:W&fy M ? 1';
x iic f articles--now
thevaairhaVe ibeen ratified bv"tbe Pre ;
agreed to cede to the-United States,: artd i
.tryincluoawUhinhe following bbmids - , 3
iQinBtfginnm Ht thvArkansaWri '
yeafivtrhere the present Owe biunda ; ;l!
-ry:;liristrikei'theTiver,at Frag' Bayc- V-- V, :i'
eh iiip tiie Arkaasaw. arid VerdignshovV ':-:, 'y "i
tftfifiilla of Vertlioi riv! thr.f. f.i y .1 :.i
stipulated : :
wii.be;iCOjiidered as$ permanent add!- '-'
tions liotiie ? Jtrtie, hoty ihlfbrce, be 1 . ! ,
i welen the confcactlrie partiei. f'ai sSoii aV. ; .?
sident of the United States bpmeriea, .?, 1,
tiy iaml withttfe advice and consent of )
rwies8 whereof the; said WUlianif j V 1
yiuriiyoiniiiisson-r, , as axoresaia, j ,
uauie consiaerate men ana cnieia
aforcidliave ; hereunto subscribed
their namesrid jaffixed their seals'. ,
at JSt;jIipiiU, tliis twehtylifth day of . :
lteniber, inlhayear of cnir Ird.
one, thousaieight punoured cr eign;
; teen, and of the independence of the
'-i United States, Ithe fortythird: 'i1 ? '-
- : . v wiLUAM clark: " :
'GanlenonpeV' hli'Xar?;'.--K-i 3::!- :y. V.
Voibaticeil.. bis x mark, rJffWy-fiK C,?'
Chonqneauga, hi mavk-:Vf ;;-,'-
VnlnonitaJ hi x 'iPai' "C-.-W.T'f
Mahnaiisbudhe his'k marki , 1;
Neqiiivoire; hisXrmark yf NiV- -; .
Nahtamm.-hl'x''tni' fr-ii, J '.' !
I' .
Maushenograrihisx; mark,
fTacindhe, his x; nrk, f ' i-, f!
Voiletomdiiniraj hia x marlri i ' ' ' 4" ! i
Tbisabevpi(and .
JfaAdicJiet.ht W.; j
'Theoualan,.''l!r x1 marri.'':', ';' 4 .''-.- i
Thequalahtts' Xroavk'i
rv
'i-l
.it'.'
. 1 :a
. 17 1:
I' ; 4 .
;T T.