" ' , l - r--' " i , : - ... , . :- '-Vii.'. K .. i . ' r. nr., " Vb ; ADDRESS nx. NATiONAL INDUSTRY, . (Continued.) y In adopting a new 5 system of policy, in iheUntted States; both internal and ex ternal, two considerations should be kept in view: . , '1 - , ... . . .. . First What1 hostile and prohibitory regulations now, exisl, in foreign countries, aeainst the commerce of this country, and what are their bearings and-eflects upon our prosperity :. '; ' ! Secondly VVh4 will most effectually tend to tounte'rvai-;tliJB effects of these prohibitions and restraints, and encourage and protect the industry of the country embracing agriculture, manufactures, in land trade, forergnp commerce and the general cultivation if rur resources. As to the first poust, we would ask those wfco oppose 'such roeasures as will go to protect ourselves, tcf take a candid a lew of the policy of e ther nations, towards the MTnitirl ifatM. VVIierC IS were. a. uauu" to which we can send an1 article of domes tic manufacture, tBt upon -terms that umnld be ruinous ?; ?On what shore can the fruits of, American skill and industry be landed; without J meeting a hostile ta riff England, France, Russia, Spain, and the German Sfaxes, are equally jea lous and rigorous when an article of fo reign manufacture Interferes tfith then own ingenuity 'and ! labor. It is a policy that distinguishes their political history. It plants an impassable barrier around their frontiers. But we shall betold, that It is immaterial what the tariff foreign nations may be, as to the importation of I manufactured articles, since; this country alone, depends on the export of the raw material. This position brings us direct ly to the question what is the state of foreign markets, and what are the ad vantages which we now derive, or which we have a prospect of deriving, hereaf ter, for the sale of our agricultural pro ducts ? .-' . ' . ' ' '. ' While 4 we had ' the carping trade of continental Europe, and bur vessels were rmnloved in convevine commodities from the coloniM to the mother countries, nd. in occupying those channels cf commerce from which other nations were excluded ; which the products of our soil were de manded to aid in sustaining the. armed millions of : Europe, , as well, as ' millions whose employments were broken up by j the .general contusion ot internal, ana ex ternal relations ; we were enabled to sus tain the importation of foreign fabrics, and to tolerate the neglect of the home; mar ket. Bat the commercial relations of the world are permanently changed. Consu mers have become producers. The soil of Europe is cultivated with new ardour, and the protection of home industry is the ruling system of European; policy. The eld world is every day becoming, more productive in agriculture, while labor-saving machinery is extended .far and wide. The vigorous policy of the Russian Em peror, which reaches the borders of Asia, the extension of the British.possessions in India, and the fertile sources of commerce opening in South-America, denote a still mere radical revolution in the maritime world. Do these facts point out the Uni ted States as the future granaryof ,na tiens ? l)d they not rather indicate, that the foreign markets for our produce must diminish, instead f increasing? A. glance of the state of our foreign markets, for the last two or three years, will cast much light on this subject. The raw materials exported from the . United States may, be principally included in the articlesot Cotton, Tobacco, Rice, Bread stuffs salted Provisions, Ashes and Lum ber; What countries. afford a consump tion and demand for these articles, and how are 4they, received? Let-. us-begin with England. From necessity. sue takes cur cottonr tobjeco, ad rice to thef extent that they are not supplied to her by her colonies and by South-America. , Flour is prohibited from. Great-Britain and frcm her. colonies, . including .the AV'est . India markets. Bread stuffs and salted provi sions arealso prohibited both, from the mother country and the colonies. v Pot and pearl ashes are received under a restric tive duty that protects the 'supplies from' tie Canadas: As to lumber, the'dutyex eludes it as well from the mother Country as from-her cokinies. The articles for merly consumed by France, that werethe proaucts ot our sou, were cotton, rice, to oacco; anaasues. . In consequence of the i - .v. jvj.uiatiuus, rctauaiory upon our Tonnage laAv passed at" the last session of Congress to regulate trade, the,, direct commerce in thtse articles is destroyed. The markets afforded to us by Spain and Portugal aryery different now frcm what they . were during the wars in Europe, hen we exported.provisions to the pen insula an immense amount Agricul ; Jure is now attended to in these regions, jpatn, by, a recent law, prohibits com and' thread stuffs of every kind. .The consc ience is, ..that -the, former demand for 5ur products has ceased, s to the ether Ports of .the continent of v Europe, include Italy, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Hoi id 5 ?-n th ernan states,; they : afford Tnarket for our grain.' and none for lLpr!ducts WG"hy - coniWeration. mh?virom rforegoing Article , the rohibued and restricted items, and see i what remains to send to foreien markets, to pay forimpoftat'on of foreign goods,' equal to our demands for consumption f i It is apparent from the foregoing facts, that, we mustrely chiefly -on the sale of our cottonto defray. thermonstrous annu al contribution levied upon us in the im portation of foreign manufactures:; The staple articles of. the eastern and northern States are no longer demanded 'abroad Tbesaine may be said of the ; whoie im mense cojiintry north west of the Ohio ri ver." What then are th'e prospects for the sale of bur cotton in England and on the continent of Europe From two causes, the growing of cotton in the United States must hereafter depend much oh the con sumption of the domestic market. In the first place, England, the great consumer of this article, finds it more for'her interj est to. draw her supplies. from her own East and West India" colonies . and from South-America,' whose commerce she' is aiming to command; , and which Mr. Pitt designed to control twenty-five years ago In 1817,the whole imports, of ' cotton into Great Britain amounted to 198.917 bags from the United States, and 232,261 from India :and(vSouth-America. -In 1818 she imported 205,881 bags from the .United States, and 227.681 frrim the other two quarters. In 1819 she imported 286.000 bags j from this, and 341.000 from other countries. J During- the first eight months of thecurreiit year; according to the esti-. mates of re spf ctable merchants, England has ini ported 280,000 .bags from the Uni ted States,, and 164,000 from other sour'--ces--chicfij' from Sc uth-America ; much of the old importation from India, and lQP OjJO bags from this country, still re mainon hand in her markets ; yet a few yearsj since, American cotton had the mo' nopofy pf the English markets. But it is not f the' growing competition of other I countries alone of which we would speak ine.cnange oi prices is stin more irapor tant.i, In.1818, the estimated receipts for the sale of 205,881 bags amounted to 831,34,258. In 1820, the proceeds of 280,(00 b gs will not am't 15,000,000 the- estimate is Sl3,00O,00O. "; But ano ther Mew of the subject occurs here. If the exportation of cotton is to prevent the proteicticn of domestic manufactures, then its demand and value in 'the foreign mar ket should keep pace with the increaseof our; population, and our. extensive con sumption ot foreign manufactures.; If we this y:ear consume 30,000,000 in British goods', ten years hence we may require from;S60 000 000 to S70.000.000 -; If we nowxport 300,000 bags of cptton', in a, few years we should rcqr.rre to' export 600,000 bags. And who will 'consume it abroad ? , Ko nation on the globe. Thust while our cofton plantations increase with' the acquisition of southern territory" and the augmentation of population, the fo- reign - demand keeps no proportion ' in points oi, qunmuy, anu iaus in us annual si value: Tobacco and rice hare also fallen 30.to j50 per .cent.; and we export less now than'we did twenty years ago. So much for foreign markets, concerning Which so muchi is said by the.cpposers of the pro-tectii-h of national industry. It is estima ted that our exports the present year will .amount to from -20 to 825,000,000, and our imports to 840,000,000. Our wheat has ho -market, and Cottoq has fallen 50 per cent, and rice and tobacco vastly di minished in their prices. .;; ; We are safe then iri drawing these de ductions: First, that the nations of Eu rope preserve a rigid and unvarying sys tem of protection to their industry, and ihat foreign competition is ! precluded by the adoption of effectual laws. ' Secondly that foreign markets, for the staple arti cles of 'American' produce, '.fail to extend a consumption that will enable us to in jure the importation of foreign manufac tures as we have for a few years past. Hence a change of policy; as we before I icinaiiicu, iiiuL ensue. ., , No rational man will deny the capacity of this country to resort to a hew course of measures, for the protection of. the in dustry of ahe nation, without, civiner anv. shock to her social system, without doing any violence -to the relations it society, itnu iiiiiyui. ucauoyiug our internal peace and harmony. . r .' ; eNor ought we longer to be told to " buy where i we can buy the cheapesti" No one -''destitute of, the ferossest orel unices will advocate the literul application of the mauii.' v c itmy mueeq purchase Cheap ; we 'may drain the: workshops of Manches ter and Leeds ; we, may clothe our wives and, daughters in the fine fabrics of the east Pp may give, employment to our shjpping.iiy going but in ballast and com ing home .nvitli importations' that will amount ta eighty or an hundred, millions annuullftnl. i& what &haL ive make ouP jiaymcnt f P. - Here! U Ithe great question, that- no one has answered. There must be: aii end to our national 4nfatUAtion : for the time lias . come,' when the cultivators j of the; soil, and thousands of others, tarif not alforil to lose the fruits. of their indus try, and cohtract debts to sh arpers and to banks', 'jipo.n bonds nd .mortgages,, i he purcliasef foreigh commodities, for daily consumption , V. V." v ; - . -r ,The establishment of Domestic ' Manu facture" will prove the protection" of f na tioiial industry smd productive labour. It w'dl, directly, inert ase cbnsuroptioii,ahd aid the profitable cultivation ' of the; soil.' It will convert the 'raw material into arti- cles of necessity ind comtort, ana enect a positive creation of wealth. It win open new divisions of .labor, call a vast and in active capital iotb operation, give employ ment to a great portion of the working community now idle for want of it-rCpr-rect the evils of a disordered currency favor the lucrative investment of m.oriey in our own cojuntry, and . advance the prosperity oflnland exdiange, and of the; coasting trade. Real e?Jjte will then 1 be saleable and assuraejts proper Valuc It is to be deeply regretted, that hither to the bpposers of national industr; have induced, many to. belie vel, that, domesTc manufactures- constitute x an interest dis tinct from general interests, and hostile to akriculture and commerce. In' this, J violence has been committed upon the soundest as well as the simplest principles of political economy," and upon the expe rience, of every nation that ever existed. But a revolution in public opinion is taking place ; and it will be enforced, by looking back upon; the long neglect of governint of .this great source of wealth, strength, and prosperity. In the time of the Reso lution; the patriots and sages of the diy saw and expressed the propriety of giving an early: and uniform encouragement to domestic , manufactures, and the home market.,"..,; .... , v ';- :. " .- igy . In 1789, under the administratiorr of W'ashington, the Qongress of the United States called oh Gen.;Hamilton, the5e cretary of the Treasury, for his great iipd luminous' Report, which advocated pre miums, bounties, and prohibitions. iBut j the golden harvest reaped amid the con-, j vulsions of the old world-7-the immense avails accruing to us from! the '.'carrying trade, and the demands of .foreign Con sumption for our produce, consigned tiie reasons and the arguments of this immor tal statesman to silence and frgetftilness. From 1807 to 1815, and more particular ly during the- late war with England, when! our troops were covered with Bri tish blankets; because; we could not fur nish them ourselves, and many a gallant soldier perished for want of them.j -when American skill and American manufacto ries were unable to supply, the munitions of a defensive war, there was a1 general voice in favor of Domestic Manufactures.' The public authorities of the Nation, and the : public authorities of the different Stales, were loud in their appeals to;pa triotism, Jn favor ot national industry The. ardor, the ambition, and the energies of the nation were; . roused capital ;iand enterprise were found, and manufactories sprung up in various quarters of the Union. The double duties were laid, and the in ternal resources of the country rapidly unfolded. From the reports of conrfhit- tees on manutactures in the House o : presentatives, and in jthe Senate of thU United States in 1816, it appears that in the I there was an investment of capUal amo:uht jj ingto between fifty and sixty milliohs'lof ij dollars ; "and to this! should we add! the manuiacture oi cotton ana woollen aone, ii on, glass, anu oiner ariicies ,oi wnicni me raw material is found among us, the wliole could not fall short of eighty to a huncfrfd millions of dollars. The home market was vastly increased,' the staple articies of produce extensively consumed, & iiter nal prosperity every where visihl. A'Vhat came next ? .With the return of peace, there was a return of our Terrors and; de lusions ; we were credulous enough believe, that the carrying trade wonJ Kaih fall into our handstbe nations jto ;a- of ,1 i Europe rush to the theatre of wanHhiid I again demand our produce lor subsistence. The" double jduties were taken oCP-our ports thrown open to the inH'oduction ijof foreign manufactures, and! the) impojrjta tibhs. iii ai sintrle.'vear.Vamoiinted tollbW hunarea ana eighteen millions oj aoumji ,:: The manufactures of foreigh woj ksHops -the accumulation of years were poured j in upon usj & the tide of inundation rolled on its irresistible? course, from the' ?ea-; board to the, western; wiidernt s, over whelmingthe establish m'ehts of American industry ; our own j factories,' withf jfew exceptions, vwere ruined ; a. system of pernicious j credit, overtrading, an'd ,vlld speculation prevailed, apd our internal affairs underwent a' destructive -revolution.- . From that 'time t6 the present ho- f-ment our- prosperity has been declmmjr, and our embarrassments t becoming niore multiplied and more severe, until a crisis of-no common aspect has arrived :a.hd yet we hear, from some; of the 'great pro tection affprded by the government to; do mestic: mapufacturesjrT j. ;':'." -iv'; vlft" : , As. free citiz'e,hs,inyqlved in the common fortunes of the cou n try, we would respect fully submit our vievs in, favor; f?j i ? If Of alterihic the rp?cseqt tariff to an .extent that will teffectually 'project those orancues ot American manuiacture, wuicu : 6n'the20th Oct1774; themembers of thejirst American Congress" entered into ar Ucles of association in behalf ot the ; different colon! e's ?A mong other stipulations we find the following in 1st vol. JoamaVm'p33 Vi, . f ye will dse our dtmostepdeavors i$ im prove the breed of sheep, and increase their number to the greatest extent;Ve will; Un i our several stations, encourage fnirraritvio-i. nbmy; md; ihdustryand moteagricuiure; r1" .THKf arts; and the manufactures of ihj cotm especially Uat6fw " y aUoj ' u i " " : t V--' ' v ".' I! i , ' ;'. . ' t : . " 1 ! ' ; : depehdpon the raw materials produced ,TI. Ofabolishlng custom house credits, and demanding cash paym ents of the du ties on foreign importations : :.!;' ' ; IU. Of such duty on sales at auctioti as will destroy the advantages wi ich are, how derived by foreign" agents & foreign Capitalists over oar own citizens. i -, Thesethree measures, would lay' a broad and solid foundation of that change now required in rir policy. , ' r : The first object in adopting a hew ta riff, should be the complete protection pf those branches' of domestic manufacture for which we'ean furnish the .raw,' mate- ; rial, and . the importation of which from j foreign countries is now draining the na tion of its circulating capital. v Among j tnese branches, we would enumerate those ! of cotton, iron, wool, glass, paper, lead; hemp, and flax. To the entire man ufaqr ture ot tnese important commodities, our mineral freasuresahd the fertility bf the oil, are abundantly adequate. One fact iscertain, that we do not supply ourselves directly with those articles now ; and an other fact is equally certam, that we could do jt, and secure an immense and annual profit to th e A merican people. What is thexonsequence of taking our cotton, our wool, our flax and hemp, and converting them froni the raw tcf the manufactured state ? It is an augmentation of wealth, clea,r and absolute.; Should we nrtariufac f ture' cotton, wool, hemp, and flax, to the amount of forty millions annually by our surplus labor, the saving to 'te nation would be the value of the' manufactured articles over what the raWt materials w ould: have sold for, in foreign, markets. As Jthe component substances which, we can furnish for the 'manufacture of iron, glass, paper, and lead, for; which we can find noma'rket, the creation of wealth, and the ultimate saving to the communi ty, are equal to their entire value. But, we shall be asked could not the labor employed in the manufacture of these ar ticles i be employed more profitably., in some other pursuit We answerno.T Everyj nation will be wealthy and pros perous in proportion to the-aggregate bt the industry of her people; and whatever, therefore, extends the most profitable em ployment must be kept in view. , A por tion of the American people are now; out of employ, and would even work in our factories, in manyparts of the country,1 for their food. Another portiotfis engajg ed in occupations that are not productive; This renfiark applies, in a great degree,; to the! cultivators of the soil, in the north era 4nd western States 1 The wages whate ver they might be, which khouWbe paid to Americjiii. instead of to foreign artificers, would be so much clear profit4 to the nation ; and more than this, if a, portion of the people thus brought into employment were consumers, without producing the means of their own subsist ence. ' Even where the labor of a people is productive, it is always sound policy to transfer it to new channels, if 4 greater prodijtctiveness can thus be secured." It is probable, that such a protection from jthe general government against fo- reign; competition, as' is now required,; to pif)mbtef the successful manufacture of cotton, wooli hemp, flax, iron, glass." par per, lead, and some otht-r. articles ef prime necessity, to the extent of our domestic con sum ntion, would bring from six to 'ejghtj hundred thousand people into prd- auctiye employments, anu open a iiiars-ci that Would consume nirill ionsf. 'of A meri can produce annually, imre than is now consumed, reckoning the articles', to be manvifactured and the food required for sustenance. ; But dd iwe mean jo create month s to eat .Ms the question frequently pul. I Nobut we propose to transfer the labor of a portion of ine population from no unpronianie to a proniauics cuiyiuy mentii ' that AvhHe they f conyertfrat ma teriaU into articles of utility, t)tey e may consume the products cf the industry of others instead of their Own and thus open a new market itf Agriculture, lit h triie the manutacmrerjmay consume as mucn when he works on the soil aswhen hella borslnhewbrkshop ; but wben heli'in the iattefarriniit of tabricating articlelomeethe;; extrane ous necessities of the farmer, and the fair mer Is toiling, to raise commodities Iwhich he ban texchanire for those . 'articles, Lstead of borfowine; money and cpbtractr mg aeDts wiui oan&s , ana siiarpers, to purcnase tnem irom aoroaa. lusceao oi growing wheat to perish Ji) hrs-graneftes, the farmer will iind af market 'vrool flax hempandrovisiohs b scrtidni; ;aid-ne wjdi visio?is";df fcrcfct-' tui aj; labor will beembp.' It" sceriis incomprehensible, how a'policy grounded on stiCti a basis asthis, should bc.deiibuii ced and opposed by i any class bi citizens r:;:y :v fi-J " ; 't Suppose, the number to be 700,)OQ? and that we should employ this popuiatidu in mk nufiacturing fbr 'the couMry at the rate) ot each person per we'ek1 i this would bepkv uW: ? to our own' people' instead"oi paying io .lo-, ' reigrierji g2,100,000 per week,Or 109,200,000 annually besides opening a home market , tor VourrproducejanV roUie branchv of industry. Put t atone had of the sum, and we should pay 0,000.000 . who; take a libeW aTid,cpabreev A 1 view of our national elafe4 1 W'-Wi v uut. we are toiainai'H tnerrin is rnis-; . ed, the high prlcej'pC labVkr, andthe extent u of soil in theivitedtates, wjtf Ibnpre-r . manrifaCtdtSesi vh vlfor : oiir lown - COn - sirmption. Vhile theavails; bj Mir Hgd cufrure fedat atfportlhn Enrpe.;; agricultural as well asallother lahorvwaft; high, Vbeuseat was productive.? bnt.lV, ' would be a'; "strange peryersivmof faitta to', say that laborj- ?s now high; in ihls counr. ; try; when it is well khhwn! ihaf thousiinda and h undreds of thousands have no steady em pioyment th'a tf thousands 1 would be glad itortti&r; theirs , tae cultivation oi t;ne sou opens uu ruau. , to; wealth, for ' Want of m'arketsl'.The'jLJ ' nited States at this moment hai a eapacl- . ty for as rarfchrfeuTective labor Js Qreaj- Britam, pk1t4istinctly front; the ap- plicatiorf otaborfsayji machinery.--i v When we reficf on. the chf apneas wlttt . which iwe Ci'.n '.'&'rni!h.f thei'ram' mtcriaU and the abundance -nd 1 w, rte ot suo-, sistence ; the siperil skill assiduhy ifnd . enterprise-ithat markjevery jidistrious ; pursuit our coal mines andra K arU cularly, purwater privileges firi. metfe . nism ; we cannpt rational ' jlouhtj . oar ability to com pete with f reig nanufac tures, underv , the parental pttection of the government; The cry ifor jbread will never generate insurrections, J while, the tendency oWree laws, and the operatioa - of our social system, wU enable one Ame rican citizen to accomplish moe than five), English paupers. .Another fact is to be here, recollected. JVf ost of oojr own ma-nufactures'- pVis'ea'saperiprlmi in their substantial qualities, over those! vended to us from abroad and .so viable is the difference, thatduring the lastlseason A merican cottons have been . consumed, itt . the' Canadas to noihcohsidefaple extent, although the nominal price ofJritish cbt--tons has been nVuch below tberai and they are' subject toav duty . ten J)er cenf In some articles we have alretdv drivea foreign: manufactures .from ui: for 4a- stance,' those of hats and leather : and we) need nothuig but protection, ; until manu- , factures - requiring extensive cjapi tat ; and" machihery.are in ;full operation'; and out : markets are placed under ourfown com- ' mahdl to extend the same success to he 1 manufacture f ttonwoolleni Iroh.glass, . flax, hempY and other branchfs bf indus, try But it Js: very swgular, tht among other things, thehigh rate of agricultural labor has peycrbten gla,ncea at by the ' ' oppose'rjs 'of the tariff. ; If labpi is so much. ' cheap'ef1n Eunpej thah it is ihjthe United States, and that ik a snfficint freasonf Sot J obtai nUig r gocKls Jfro not better also to jniport ouriV)od f AC" cording to the doctrinef our opponents, it would vbe and'We might b-ing wheats 0 salted provisions;- bread-stuffs and every thing of the kitraVjinto the ' Unjited States to great advafttage ; but in what shall wt pay ? is .jth,e qnestion t and it certainly5 ap plies with ereatbrce; hut ndt with more tn this case, than ' it does to the burchase and consumptibn' bf foreign ;fabricit that ' wc niiiite at nome. r , ;-., :i (Ta bexovtinuefc ''A alter the lime of holdlncr;' the Ois ' burt in the District of Mississippi; : ; m Be it enacted by the Senatet and House ; of: Refiresentatrvta, of , the 'United States ' of America in Congres assembled, That the District Xburt ift th District of Mis- r" sissippi,. , heretofore ;holden cfc the first Mondaysv in Af ay and December, shall hereafter hold its regular terms only on the first .Monday j in Jahuaryf andt Saly i any law to the.coqtrary notwithstanding. -; Sec. 4nd be it further ehcrtfrf, That every. writ, process; subpaii; or recpg- nizance, returnawe, according to Ihw,'. or the tenor thereof, to either of the aforesaid V term sj holden ' on!: the first londays ia December, shall le returnable to,the next succeeding term of said Court to.be hol de'h un the first Monday id : January and 1 Approved-Ian; i82pj vlV . 1 Anzc making: a pirtitl iappnopr lation for. the military acrviceJof&the JJnitld State, fbf the. year one thousand eight hundred, and . ,twentyne;'.'.,"--'-,.7; : 4:- Ji' : y - , Be it enacted bti the Seriatl and of Hefircsenialiircspf the' United State v vjiu;uk.u. vvyr?xr twcyzoieot x oat the4folowio suni's be, and they aVe here by, appropriated oh account J3f the Mili- tary', Service, for) the lyearjbae- thousand r or. arrearages on theKttlement of outsdiogciSJ!' weQtAbomaod dol- FprjheK quarter master's Idepartment, one hupded and. fifty ihousaid dothii s. ; -iSec. Shrfndbi 14 further Aurtirrnt thesiid sumS be uaid aut of anv nuuiv hut vuc, . rcttsury, nos, oinerwite approprid App roved--Janttary irj' lK2i Qf every description neatl .i . UmtedStatei, ihe jf hundred "and fty 1 I. I t I IT i '1 V ! a. i i; - (-..t n I ,?1H i ! v L, J