si -V' TV--; - Ni VOL. XXII, FRIDAY. FERBUARY t6, 1821. f 9- JT VA V-Ki y aSlt Li A- ON NATIOKAL INDUSTRY -; v - ' Y Concluded. J I , - r. .'. i ' ' . " - - . t . ' - - We: conclude this appeal to the A me ilcan people y noticing the leading ob jections, which have been nrped agaiiist the protection of tbe labor of the country. We shall first advert to the allegation that it i unconstituticfnal for Congress to legislate for the protection of 'American against foreign industry , We are. told, that the legislature of the nation have no ' right waterialiy to control the, pursuits and occupations of individual, and to say that this avocation shall be followed; and that another shall not. Now the friends of a system of protectibn haye never con - . 'tended-5 that Congress has a right to de clare, by' statute, that no more farms shall be cultivated, that no more ships shall be built; nor any more cloth manufactured : thescare points foreign to the question at 'issue. The Cpnstitution tells uvthat Con gress has the power to regulate commerce Wim irrejgn nations ana provitir wr uic general welfare of the Union ; and Jt is surely inconsistent to say, that when the importation of foreign .manufactures de stroys the prosperity and paralizes the enterprize and industry of the nation, Ccngress have no right to adopt a reme dy. In such a case, we are not controlling cur own, but pr&ventine the; interference of foreign - industry '.with the interests ot the country. . Let us take a case that "vould be no miracle in this fertile age of venders. 1 Suppose the Allied powers of 'Europe should convene at ' Vienna, and agree to wage a "settled warfare against American manufactures, and thus retard cur advancement, to national wealth and power; and also agree , to exclude our a gricultural produce from ev ry market in Europe. -Let us 'suppose. that a system cf bounties, ; premiums, ' and extravagant privileges, is adopted; and in one year, two hundred millions of foreign fabrics are sent to the United States, and sold off by. means of the auctions, at a reduced price, & cur manufactures crusherVtbere by in one heap of ruins how. long ".would it be the duty cf the American Congress to cherish, constitutional scruples and coolly behold the desolating operation of! such a policy ? Where then would be the "welfare of the Union? Would not Con gress have a right to say to the allied pow crs of Europe, we will not permit one ar ticle of your manufactures to enter the United States ? Would they not have the power, s in such a case,' to protect three hundred millions cf capital that might be invested in manufacturing establishments in this' country? And does not the great er power include the lesser ? We do not call upon Congress to regelate and re strain the pursuits of individuals we ask them to correct the evils flowing from foreign interference It is somewhat sin gular that Congress; for many years past, have granted bounties to promote parti cular branches of.industry if they have no power to delend the salutary tendency of such bounties, against foreign rivalsh;p and hostility. ! And it is equall) so, that .neither John Jay, James Madisop, nor A lexander Hamiltcn, whose comments on the Constitutica cf the United States will control public opinion - for ages, never dreamt of the" debits and apprehensions now under consideration. We. refer par ticularly Gen. Hamilton. He was one cf the greatest constitutional lawyers that ever adorned the American forum : and jet, when he drew his celebrated report in favor of protecting domestic manufac tures in the manner now demanded, he saw nothing in the Constitution to debar Ccngress from pursuing the policy which he laid down and vindicated, y If there be any in the ranks bf our epposers 'superior, to this illustrious statesman, let him come forth. i ''r- . . . . x - ' :. . We are also infbrmed.that every branch cf national industry should be left to regu late itself and -that protection and re- straints are impolitic and ruinous. If there .was but one nation in the world, , this doctrine' might be sound ; but while there are different ndtions, possessing tbe same capacities, there will be separate and conflicting intcrests, and each nation will watch qver its own welfare. - Look to. England, to Prance, to Russia, the German states, & to every nation in Eu-rope--cpen the history of m odern policy, . and it will be seen that every wise govern ment protects" her own industry. . Rusia,v young as she is in the list of civiliztd na tions, has a tariff that prohibits more than, two hundred articles cf foreign manufac: tures to protect her owp industry. Enfc- auu prouiuiw - aimost eyery article ot a . gricultiire and manufacture. . France, al though England aided her in putting Louis HI. on, his throne, will not . sutler, an' English commodityrof any description to Prejudice the prosperity of her own labor. .er. All Europe presents ; but one vast )stem of regulations restraints and Prohibition for the protection of domes c industry ;l and ;yet when we talk of king care of our own interests like other rjbousJeave ttingVic? themselves is the JJ " M the nation of the,: eastern' contl would abolish their tariffs and com foil lal reSulations, this Icountfy ;would low. the example ; but prudence, nav "preservaUoi) forbids, that we should ' : - : -.ADDRESS vl;: H take, the tead in so preposterous a course. x ins uuiii.iiv. 'r o ' ; ,- selyes.is a'new doctrine in this( country: We heanl nothing of it under the admi nistrations' of Washineton, Adams & fersonl Wby have we laid heavy duties on .the "tonnage;, of foreign:, vessels, but to protect American tonnage ? Why ' have we; excluded foreign bottoms from our coasting,trade I Why;: for twenty years. have we proteqteo: our nsnenes oy uoun lies Let Mi Jrfferson's report of. 1791 answer the question. He will tell you, that this polky; of giving bounties ongmar ted in a resolution to protect our fisheries against foreign ; competition. 0pon this principle,, wny nas not commerce Deen left to hersHf ?;Why has more than S8,00O.O0O been' paid into the Mediterra nearf fund rby the, consumers of foreign manufactures, but - to ; protect commerce bevondf the . straits of Gibraltar? Why was war declared, & more than 70,000,000 dollars expended, but to secure protection; to this branch of industry f JLet tne Ame rican people reflect on these fact."" .We also heftrl' daily asserted, that the protection of j industry will diminish foT reign commence, and thus destroy our nursery of seamen.' When England be gan to open canals, and Encourage inland trade, the same apprehension was ex pressed. The greatest nursery of Ame rican seamen has always beenfouad in the fisheries. It was so in the revolution. Mr. Seybert, m his able , work rn the sta tistics of the United States, has made the, following judicious remarks Our fish eries constitute the best nursery for that hardy, race of citiztn seamen, who feel the. Jove of country, and are, therefore, willing to maintain its rights; and they are also the sources to which commerce mukt look for In addition to its defenders." (pV 340.) the fisheries,- we must rci j collect the bold, hardy, and expert sea- men which aire bred up in the coasting I the cfa nftfct frnrrt "J"w OrI;nc In P.'iQt- port, and consider the immense trade which will bej carried on between these two extremities of the maritime frontier, our apprehensions subside on this subject. Our fisheries,) our coasting trade,: and the extensive Commerce which we shall air ways have wfyi distant quarters of the globe, will enable us to call forth defend ers of the Arrjerican flag, even if the in dustry of the nation is duly protected and encouraged, j Another fruitful source of objection to the encouragement of national industry is, the alleged immoral tendency of manu facturing establishments. Whenever this topic is introduced, the condition of Eng land is brougrjt forward. Nothing is said of Holland, Austria, or France. Great Britain is placed before our eyes as the sink of abominations. Yet the example of Englard ha!s but little bearing on the question in application to this country. She possesses a small territory; crowded population, and, for generations, has been the great workshop of Europe. Her ma nufacturing' establishments are unparal leled in extent Her laborine manufac turers are, to ja great extent, destitute of earjy education, anci oi moral instruction, and have grown up in the" neglect of mo ral habits." Pnring the fluctuations of the commercial world, fof a fe.w years past, this immense pop-clation has been driven to many despprate .actsV by the pressure of public burdens, the loss of employment, anci the sufferings 0f hunger. But.what is preposed in the' United States ? vNot that l.ige manufajcturing towns shall spring up rn every. side, to be filled with' starving and degraded thousands, whose perpetual apprehension jwill l be the . want of bread ; not that our agricultural population shall be transferred, trsjn the soil to cities that we'may furnish surplus manufactures to a great portion of the vorld ; but that we may cherish such establishments, at con venient places, where jthtre are great na tural advantages, as will be necessary to supply our own wants,and render our ag gregate laborjmore productive. But why is it necessaryj that manufacturing esta blishments should be tbe abodes of vice and profligacy ? Is there any thing in the pursuits ot an artihcer intrinsically yi- cipus ? . Surely there is cation is attended to ; not. It earlv-edu if early moral ha- bits are inculcated and( enforced if strict nc wholesome' internal reeulations are 'adopted the excesses fof English manu- rtacturmg towns may ne avoided.-.-. I here are now. many extensive. manuiactcnes in the United Spates, and we; lock into them in vain for instances of moral debasement, or, frjr atrocious crimesr Ncr do we ste, why this fact should not remain the same. ,Tfie mild iind wholesome tendency of our 'Civil . institutions -thel; school establish ments of the count ryf-the great abund ance of the- necessaries of life the nume-r rcusTincitenjeiJts to; industry and 'enter prize iucuc us to bt lie ve r that it would. It has been agahi. and again asserted,' thatvd6mestic " manufactures re ,nbw ra pidly increasing in the. United States, by means oi iamuy muusiry, 'ana require no lurtber protection.? W e are, inueed, bap py.tp see thousands of farnUits supply iug .heruselves itli articles ;ol' -pVcessUy by. meausot thVirtjwn - laborT . But they can -not be e xpecied to besuccesstulty eiigaed in manul ctiiies requiring extensn t cajii cal and the' 1 application of laboWsaviiig bachinery. :;WiU they, supply theiiation J with roanufactnres of ironV glassy paper, j woollen ' cotton, and lead f Jo one can pretend it ; and yet these articles are vi tally essential to the happfacsscf the na tion,' ;apd we are paying tens of , millions, annually, to foreign nations, for furnishing us with them. - Lt the distinction here drawn, be well considered. -' : i : By affording further 7 protection to the manufactures of this countnT; it is thought by many, that smuggling, to an enormous extent, wm take piacev it is very singu lar, that this alarming abuse has not beea de.irecaied at an earner period. On ma-i nyU, .ides, liable to be smuggled into our ports and harbors dc5a vzgfiy spices, winesj and silks, the; duties are already sufficiently high to form' the inducement"; and "for the bareprotectiori of domestic manufactures of iron; glass," lead, woollen and Cotton it is not required that? they should be liigher than an average of the former articles. The temptation is now stronger to smuggle spices, teas, and ma ny, other light and : expensive eortvmbdi ties,' than .it would - be to smuggle irprt, glass, woollen, cotton, and other manu factures, if adequately protected. Qu this point,-; a. false J alarm has been sounded, and that too, by' the very persons who vin dicate the auction system, which' is even J more procmciive oi morai lurpiiuuc man any smuggling that can be 'Carried on. "Vre are inclined to adopt the opinio;?, that when 'the 'manufactures fof Jron, glass, lead, paperr cotton and woollen, are pro secuted under the protecting auspices of the general government, with , that suc cess which must pertain to oiir exertions, that these articles will be afforded to the consumer with a cheapness and of a qua lity that will joperat to prevent their il legal introduction intotbe country pm abroad. ' They will be manufactured in various parts of the country, .exchanged for agricultural prbtlu'cts, and command, the avenues to consumption . ' -) y Is there any danger thatUhe merchant of character and respectability, in. the U. States, will do what is done in Europe by those alone who are .destitute of both- The relative situation of the United Spates and the states of Europe, are so dissimilar, that'what the; revenue officers, with their hosts of -attendants, could not prevent there, might be. effected; here with ease, and without a dollar additional expense. In the first place, vessels used for convey ing goods from "Europe and Asia into the United States, are of the first class ; of course, they are valuable In the second place, most of them i have goods for from ten to one hundred individuals and, with the exception of those from India, the owners havej comparatively, but a small interest ; in theucargo. Is there a shadow of probability, therefore, that the owner of the vessel,' and the several owners of the goods, would agiee to have her, after crossing the Atlantic, lie off the coast for the purpose of - clandestine ly introducing her cargo : hazarding their property, and jeopardizing their character? In the third place, those: 'embarked in ihe India trade, we hope, have too high an estimate oi" character and moral principle; to descend so low ; if they Jiav'e not, the value of pro perty that must necessarily be risked, is a sufficic.nt guarantee orf their part. In the fourth place,' if there' Is a.ri apprehension ' that goods ' would be sniuggled from the vessel, after! she has arrived in port, it must be indulged by those Only who are unacquainted with our present revenue laws. "With vigjlant appraisers and other officers,' the thing would be irnpracticable. In England and Franr the case: is far otherwise. .The proximity of their coasts is such, that' from, three to six hours sail will carry them from one to the ether. Consequently,, small craft, of little value, and men who have no reputation to lose, embark in it.;. They may. make their re turns daily, and as their risk of loss is al ways.small at any one time, people cf that character are always to be found engaged in it. ::SMp: . 'X'f -z-A'-' Of. the alledged loss of' revenue, by a dopting a newariff, we liave spoken, and also of the errbras to high wages in this countrywl .s to the cbjection, formerly drawn from the extent1 of vacant lands in the United States, it wears but a repul sive aspect when it is recollected, that we have neither foreign nor domestic mar kets for bur surplus produce, and the in ducements to cultivate the soil are dimi nished instead of increased.:' ' ; 4 ; In : regard tp the assertion made by the oppose rs of the proposed tarinthat its ad vocates meditated the . abolition : of ttifc drawback system, we need only say, that nothing of the kind has. been, oris, con templated ; nor can tu Imputation be ac counted for upon any principles bf fairness or honor. A new tariff can,m no way, jn j uriously' affect the exportat ion tf goods einiiiea 10 ctpenture.:: ; S v , W itn -.these views, we appeal to the ! sound arid sober sense of the people'. They1 1 are caneu upon to exercise ineir canaor andrefltctiori. Tliey are - earhestlysolH cited tb survey the pisent' cchditicii'o? the countryo examinerthe causes which have produced it the, ruinous consequen- . ces which must inevitably result from pur j suing our present poljcy and, the. relief j thit would be reaU2ed4rtfendering he great branches of labor more productive, and; in protecting nemtagamst fbreien ci np titioq. l ne cause can never,, be i abandon terniofj gbvernment lastsor it wast tutea toanswer tne cans oi ne f4' watch'overtheir, welfare, iaridnbTCdress tiieh . grievances. -It is a vcausethat u if Anf Short tvitli tf : fntnrf CtrpnVth. . inde- pendente, andjhappinessf4 K 'THE ) N ACiN Affi FIN ANCS&S ' HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, FEB. 6. , mttUM; upon, tne suojeci oj $ncyjeyt: The Gommittee bf Ways and Means tb whom were referred three resohitions of the'Sd instant, .requiring to nqj uueltndpprti v whj5tfer i n, their opinion j the' permanent; revenue is ade quatelto the expenses of the; government:;" " whether any; measures are necessary tci increase the revenue and if so, to report thoserneasures'r andVto enquire int theexpedlency pf prohibiting, br imposing additional duties on, the importation ;of fo reign; spirits, Jand imposing an fciseorl domesticdistilled spirits' Report ,Thktcihey hayehadUheise imfiortant, subjects Under their consideration, 8c have; obtained pf rem" the ' several departments all the information which the tofficers at their .- head could furnish ; yet, such ar the difigculties that present- themselves inev. enter into ine aiscussion anu. uir statements necessary4 to elucidate the sub ject, ivitr. great dithdence, ' ,1 hey may difter in opinion with gentlemen tor whose talents they have: the highest respect, and, in whpsei i'lteerity they have unbounded confidence ; the subiecis,; one, however,' on which; the; best friejnds may fairly differ' Is the permanent revenue adequate tq the efienses of the government? The revenue is i 'main! V bottomed on the dutiesj arising on .the; importations of fo reign jocids r-rits, - therefore, dependant on fortuitous circumstances, which cannot, e a sil y - b foreseen, and which m ay tend j to us increase- or up trcase..; i nere farq some, however, which can, inadegree, b annreciated. The tariffof 1816 was eX pected to operate a loss to the. revenne by giving what was considered at the time sufneient encouragement to the manufact tures of the country. A variety of causest arising put oi excessive ana ruinous u portatiorts, and. the time requiredlfor di verting one' channel of , commerce or supj plies into another, has, until lately,' pre ventedf.be effect from being' materially; felt, i The operation of that tariff is; now! neginning to be known, ana tne perfect ,oi the revenue is bebeved to be considerabl its exenr is, nowever, not cnmpieici developed Its operation on a few of th princroal artkites may afford some idea o the increase of 6ur manufactures, and the consequent de crease of the revenue're yultiiik'frbrn the duties on the imnbrta'tion of such articles., 'r yi :V -t : The tariffof 1816, increased the duty on brown sugar about 20 per;;cerit. and gave a protecting duty to that article, pf three cents per pound. . No material def crease hks, as yetresttlted to the revenue tliercjfrbtn; ' The tariff, was enacted dur ing the existence of the excise on domes-' tic difetiljed spirits; and an additional duty was iiriiposed for the protection of. the do mestic article. The excise on imported spirits yfj as repealed the duty! was con-; tihued, and .the dqty on foreign spirits e-1 ceedsvat this t?me,;t he whole valueofthe domestic, tlie average duty on the import ed being 43 cents per gallon; "when thV value! in the market of tlie: domestic does not exceed 33 cents the gallon; .This has tended J i is believed, to decrease, the constmptitn:f'f foreign spirits, & of course .the amount of the. revenue. Iu 1818, the nett revenue from imported spirits,: after deducting the debentures, amounted " to 2,646,1 1 6 dollars, & in 1819,.to 1,95125 dollars . : . Tvl -v: :.THe ! tariff of 1816 raised the duties on cottcfi and woollen cloths from 1 2 , per cent.! the rc umy imposea prior to tne' late j 25 per cent, and it : Value d all cot i warJto ton cloths , under a r cost of 25 cents the. 1 uajijjyardaith'bugh ;;'-)nje. cost aj& low; vs si nts) as if they ' had actually cost 2ci-ntL .and charged the duty, thereon accotdiigry Xhe result , has been ,that cotton fjoodi i m pot t ed from ' India ; under a cost of 25 cents tlie squarcji'ard,; pay a cluty' exceeding 60 per, tf nt."on the ave rage cot - of those ; heretofore irn ported froiii that country, and above 40 percent. on the average cost'bf similar goods whenI Has had; a satutaryi ehect. on tiur infant manafattbres bf.cottbn, whicrr beginitcr be und : rstood by v the - man u fac t urersJ tons (asre under a Cost df.25 ce'pts the uare -y ai d, have almost ceaiitd for con sunljjtwpif and thosej; fromvEurope lhave dewjtascdi fit is ;belieyfd, tb,a cfisidera .bleTtftent The coarse cottons of ur do- mestic manufactures have ente believe, -mW,theconsUmpt tKin, nearly qual to the f wa'ntsf trieeo-i plei ' -The increase M'h -wbolleii manur facture has aff rded a considerabTe quan tity bfwopllen' cloths for consumpticn, but $ eTiayj ;np Jnforii.atfon onVwhic importnt.artcieiIpf tures &yde won w na : tuuse Aerewioremjponea irom 4 d to lhe dis- estimate tphirLK; mitr nrl hpr&ft&r mm duies bfl Those circumsncesrat tresses cXtb tpp ; ntirexportsvbeiog . 'li!' me?ioh tffceti trre,eaftjt bf pa vfng.for; f.t impoftaktxt j; fnrnVv a'correct estimate "of the 'revenue ! -r I Imports' eytjmatefion thwhch ha beea rcce 5vd in former yearsT i '-'A ?, "sirrahfe vi?W3 hh t Yf epmmitteen ; ; hayedeenHedtpp spbmitiUhey 'y nrbcfedni.wer-.rrt resolutions! I ; :S c They are of opinion, thaitne reven ue which will be tect'ved in ihe firesent vear, - placefthefrevenrielwiHjn their, opinion,: ' during the:yearsl822; 1823, indl824,ic; not only equaltoc the;eensof theJjo-'p yernment but afford such a nrjplu. ap?- V plicable Xo the pay men tof the loan of X he ' ' la$t ve;ar; and any tfyat may; j;authoriJ. : I ed for this yearas, wtl. before .the, brt- y ! ' iay'pr'JrifluaSSifnll jaVjhe;v mount borrowed; jThe HnuseMll reme'mit ;N ber, that asthelipprnfitiw)lU8 -hayfe , "A tiot- passed,' iht'rfl true fexrieiiRe of vyV; ' ebvernmehr cantiot' he corredlv stated--- V. i-. Th e com i m i 1 1 ee; are cbni pl lep; erefpre, ;. x. t ' to bbttomf theinstaternenonitbe esHnat ; ed" expenses, " as "submitted -th Congivss; ;-, ;;;. reuced atleast one'and a half mrllions of wnicn win. iL is connoennv weiitrvcu. uc dollarsv-aM'liryi -r' l" A" '-; ;' v : . It is now reduced to a cettamtv;, that the actual receiptlffom the customs into the treasury, durihghe yeari 1820, nave . been?15,0051328 dollars wfich amount," it k humblyxonCeti yed,ma j e, safely1 re- lied fori a sthe- receipts -for , thef present ! yeaftjThecpriimitteTe are bf opinion, that i ne receipts orjcpif ijrom inai source will exceed thatl amVnnf, iTHey ' farvtkl that : opinion from, the following" circum stances to wit : The bonds Tor duties im th e Trea survamoun ted, on the 1 day of October, 1820,;io; nearly the same sumrj as those; in tne;l reasury.on th 1st ot UC tobeir, rlS 19 ) thiatfrpTn; thoscl bf 18i9 , an;j extraordinary deduct loa was - ma,de . by the more tbari common amount to debenK tures issued on -tjie resh ipmpt of goods during the year : that! a, simdarmount of drawbacks,! it is beUeverl , wjl hot'oc- : curduring .the present jreai ;& of course, that the revenue from, implrirts will be greaterin 1821 than that of l20, & in this opinion they are confirmed by the follow . mg views of the; customs forithe. present root. . .. t A J II .-..f !'.,'. v . f :. Bonds, in ah e Treasury, on l! J st-oi :oct ,'1820,Aly hv.fii: From which! must he deducte Bonds i rrecpverabfe,; gr,250, Bi mds i h su jt, whi ch i t !f may , not ; be, received : during the present yearv: 750,( v UUIIIO paiU 111 ; quarter bri820v ;j .626, iDebenmresactuiMly; issued, prior to the 1st ? Oct. on those bohds;a ii:i63.ddOl s ueoentures ' ; which may he issued on: the same, estimated at Estimated nett, pre ft tnose. Donns, t 4 .y v rv,: 12,343,ifi Add thereto tbe amount of he ' receipts; into. the.Treasurv frlm-; ,f. bonds taken during the last quiar ter, of the year 1820, and takenjot V,v to be 'akeri,v during the! wq suo- y cedjng, quarters of 1821:hjch: 1 bottomed on the receipts into the ' " Treasury for afttual receipts frpm I; v'v bonds taken-duriiicr-the fbul-Ui & quarter in 1819, and the first Ind ' . year, the sumof, 43?,2C5 "The committee have submitted'fbe pre- ceding view -of the custom's for 1821. for. uiexonsiaeiTiuon jot, ine noupe, dui wouia,. njot bewilling to pledge themselves for the, f result ; the items 'they believe to be cor- ectj and the present appearance of our fcommerce; becomingt less I unfavorable,' Warrants y)emjfitt-;Uefthat'te re venue from custofns, fbr: 1821, wilt rioi be less l th ah sixteen Ijmillions of .;doHarsii- r' They, however, deem it more aafi to asV.. $ume the recepits of the- present; on that f i ane preceamg year, anc tneretore SUQ nitrthe; following statement! :: ! ';.':" 1 ;vJ hJkiJ ",' vv t e -st; second and third quarters of 1820: -V i- see Secretary' report; 12,378, 113 iheurtharterL 2,626. MS i Istateuient from the ' i , treasury to your com. .rnittee.assurned fis the 9 : ' v:;..yf.V . .r; ', i,.; ' receipt for:i821, h -1 15,005, 8: ? j Land,' agreeably to yiereport ottne sec'y ortheTreasury ii internal taxesi sarneR7;.,.. d:. bV' :kiT'lnAl ' ' r" Bank dividend, by fsame . rosi ornce ana mci- -!l dental, receiptsfrnay ne estimated at : ; ? ; i too - ir.155,'. "A- it n rk r n 12 .1. ! n 1 rf, i , , 1 i '1 li I I ! ! 1 i I.! 'til . ft'. : !' if . : 1. ' 1 m