Newspapers / The Weekly Raleigh Register … / March 30, 1821, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
. T. ' ' ... ' ' ' - U-J. . . - ' ' . f . J J .... ..... - - ..It. fcl r Tk i .-, V - - . - , '. ' A' '' : " . , tK03f MX KOBTH AMXHICXIT SCTIIW. j n Speaking in another place on this snb- fect, JudgeAIurpney tunner ooseryes, , ? Hrrtefbre the brodoctions of the north OT'parts of the tate, Jjinir on the Rotnoke ard its brtnchev na tiso on uic uppcj- Fjirui -F T.v arv) Xmif r?TCT. hYe been IWlt t n-Vt of VfrcinU 4 and the1 trade of Brond rirer. the Catavba and pede ;has gone to Scuth-Carolina. Thus -it hw happened, that ve hive shipped from oiiry own ports not nwre than cne-thirdof our agricultural pro duet ; and eren considerable portion of our t.M lusher and naVal stores, on' one aide j or by the Wackamaw, Little Pedee and Lunw Kr rirer. on the other. This unfortunate di tision four trade procures wary Paa etiecT. We have a population little' short of seYeh - hundred thousand. 4We haTe as nany square tn.TM of territory as the state of New-York. u have a soil eoual to that of most, of the Atlantic states ; and yet the total airount of ur f sports from our own porta falls short of ttiree millions ot cowars. me prorucis or cur labor go to swell me ejporw 01 v irinia and South-Carolina, and izUe to those states a commercial consequence at our experce. . . :. ' . p 39,40 Besides the tendency cf these local dif- fcultiestoimporrnsh the state, they ope rate strcnglrtp cool the ardor of public spirit. andianeck tnat laudable P"de, which men' are so apt to feel, in the grojw icg greatness cf the community to which they'belorjg . Those portions of the state, whfch are obliged to go abroad to seek a market for their produce, it can hardly be expected, will fee) much zeal in pro moting interest at home, from whiclrthey cannot promise themselves adequate be nefits. You cannot reasonably look for a community of acticD, where there is not a very strong' assurance X)f a community, of advantage. Men .have not yet become so disinterested, as to labor ,with much soirit for a oublic good, which does Jiot lWTut bright prospects of private gam. Thus divided in their immediate interests, fit -was a long" time before theNorth-Ca- Tolinians could bring themselves to unit In any extensive scheme 'for general, im provements. Bat the noble spirit which, they have. lately discovered,' and the wis'e Measures, hich they have at last adopt- ed, arc almost sufficient to atone for their past indifference, and to raise them at once to a, political rank in the union, to which other states have scarcely attained by the gradual advances of a century. . " Ji-The subject was first introduced in Jthe Ceneral Assembly of the Sratp in 1815. appointeo, wnicn was whicn . chiefly intended fcr ihc purpose of inves tigation. Their report , contained a con cise view of the condition of the state, pointedput some of its conimercial ad vantages, and exhibited a general plan for-improvio its Inland navigation. It proposed to have companies incorporated in different parts of the state for censtruct ing canals, and improving the navigation cf the principal rivers, with the privilege , cf levying a tolUto any amount not ex ceeding fifteen pejr cent on thegcapital ex pended. .The state was to take one third part cf the stock of each company, & the whole was o be under the control of a beard of commissioners,' appoinied by 'the state. Thb board was empowered to em ploy a principal and assistant engineers, to have such surveys made asit should think proper, and was required to re- , port its proceedings annually to the Ge neral Assembly. ' It was also instructed to collect statistical information, to examine the soil, and to make such ; observations cn the mineralogy, and geology of the itate, as" might be compatible with the . ether obiects, and subservient to the Inte rests of science. jThijTplah was adopted hy the legislature. The Koanoke & Cape Fear Navieation Companies were soon formed, &the commissioners hiimtdiate- ij-cemmenced their operations. They employed some of the most skilful engi neers thev could find in the, country, and for the three years following,- they were , .- . , . . . -. -e tuveiv encaEea in ta&ine surveys vi mc large rivers, and cf the country between t k ... .i l i : rivers, wncre it was mougtu uc&irr able to have, them united by intersecting canaJs These Rivjers were the Roanoke, - ar, Ncuse, CaperFear, Yadkin, Cataw ba, and some others ofless note. 7Reports ere annually made, and such appropri ations granted by Uiejegislaturea were fewaliohc expences incuirevvC ; fTce TTnTicxS-d Ku'nmuch Jiff culty in procuring suitable engineers. Early in the ear 1819, one cf their bcard bo w as at that time in England.1 was re vested, to engage an engineer 'from :a ; woad.: And even in England, the number c those, who are eminent in that profes sd, b so small, "that jnuch difficiihy was perierced in finding a suitable person. SY lhe advice of y,Ivlr. Renn'ieand Mr. tlft rd, w ho are considered the first civil Jfctfneers in Europe, Mr. Hamilton Ful- jen fioaJlv engaged at an annual sa ' J of scmewbat more than 85300. Mr. oltca had been employed by the Board JjAdniirahy at Bermuda and Malta, and isoby the King of Sweden, in laying cut v Ktzt aoal from CGottenbarg to the nhSca. In July, 1819, be arrived in i,ctI-Carolina,and has kince been' de nd to the objects of the commissioners. li wiu easny perceive, oy ' 4Pu 0rt.skelch ilh hat wisdom the wine taj been formed. The state ha$ taken the precaution to haver, accurate surveys madeofeveryijpart tha no expense, may hereafter be wasted :in attempt, which must ultimately fail Jn different parts of our country, we lave seen many such abortive attempts, .ivhich might have succeeded or at least the ex pense, "of trial been saved, by skilful ma nagement .at firsts The commissioners have also acted cn the profoundest. prinr ciples of policy and. economy in securing the aid of an engineer,. In whose4 skill. judgmenvnd other qualification, uhli- i mnea connuencr can oe ptacei. i nxs is laying a solid foundation. Every thing I will bave unity ot design. Each part. will i not'only sustain itself, but contribute its i flue share in strengthening the others. , On the arrival of the principal engineer, he was presented by the commissioners j with a general system of instructions. i The objects embraced in these instructi- ' ons - were arranged tinder the following 1 The Inlets on oof Coast j VV 2.. The Sounds along the Coast, I 3. The Primary Rivers. . j nc junction oi iwo or more uivers Dy . navigable Canals. 5 The Public High ways, y t 6V The draining of the Marshes & Swamps ot toe eastern and southern Counties' These outlines are enough to show on what a large scale the Legislature of N. Carolina has contemplated its 'internal improvements. The interests of. every section ot tne state are duly and wisely consulted. In the application of the public revenue to the various objects of internal improve ment, tne legislature nas pad due regard to the several sections of the state, and is anx ious to give effect to a system which is gene ral, and at the same time definite One part of the state requires improvements very dif ferent from those required in another. The counties bordering' on the mountains are at a dislancefrov markets, and have to rely on land. carriage. These counties require good turnpike roads. "The middle counties are intersected by fine rivers, which ar e now useless for the pur pose of navigation, on account of obstructions which nature has placed in them. These counties require such obstructions to be re moved and tne rivers to be made navigable. The counties id the south and east, sutler ds ease and pestilence from their numerous and extensive swamps and marshes i their finest lands lie neglected and labor, instead of be ing directed to the pursuits of a productive agriculture, is turned to the making tat and collecting turpentine. All; the counties in the state are interested in improving1 th e In. lets upon our coast, and concentrating at a few points our scattered commerce. Indivi dual capital is inefficient to( effect any. of those great objects. They require the re sources of the state ; and in no way can those resources be so well applied as in making im provements, which shall aid. the health and raise the moral condition of our population ; which shall give encouragement to industry and' facilities locomrmerce !' p. 20, 23. jAlcng the whole coast : of Joth-Caro-lina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land in some places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays. This ridee -seems to have been prematurely ! formed' by the eddies occasioned by the ' counter currents cf the Gulf Stream, and ; the rivers flowing into the ocean. The I sand & alluvial substances, brought down bv the rivers, were thus deposited, lnd in s process of time raised into bars & islands. It is this ridge which has always present ed the most ft rmidabler obstacles to tne rnmmMTp nf North-Carolina.: The Das saees. or inlets." through it are shallow j and dangerous ; and in te whole extent of coast north of Cape- ear, there is only one inlet through which vessels pass.- This is called Ocracoke inlets .All the navieation of the Roanoke, the. Neuse, : and Tar rivers, and of the smaller streams . flowing into the Albemarle and Pamlico i sounds; is carried on through this inlet. And here the depth of water over the par ; in the channel does not, exceed fourteen feet; and immediately within the bar is what is called the tvxish, over which there is not usually more than eight feet of-wa- ter. All -vessels drawine more than this depth are obliged to be lightened in pass ing the swash. This is not only exceed- mely inconvenient, but often dangerous.-r And even aiter encoumermg. ine liocm ties of entering the; sound a passage from this placd to the Roanoke is difficult and tedious; It is considered eqyal iri this re Knert to a vovaee from Ocracoke' to the West Indies, or xJew-York. -..The. passage is through Pamlico oc Albemarle sounds, h.erst of v hich is ighty , and the other sixty miles in. length,. . ,v-" ; i -One of the first objects of the legisla ture of North-Carolina is: to remove, as effectual!) as possible, these obstructions to commerce, bi providing a safe and ea- r ucctrsi, to the rivers which: flow inter these sounds. Several projects have beea started and submitted' to the inspection o the 'principal engineer. ;eVarc'ibtend. ed to draw his-attention to the, most pro minent particulars in the examinations and surveys; . which' he ; is required to Bjaki-c &l:'.$fi -,; . H;: '' One plan contemplates opening a pass age at the lowjcr ena of Albemarle sound, thro what is cosixnonly called Roanoke inleu' Within the bar at U?is place fa Roan? oke island which is mentioned in the ac : : '-fci-'ti; . Tf,:t.. -aixc his vessels passed through an inlet here, and anchored, tmdrheuisland and it is thought tOi be a c)uestkrtbX)i exa mination, .whether this bhannelTmayinot againbe opened. - This inlet it is cori1 ceivedji may- have .been closed by ;the o pening of new channels In the marshes, t hTOugh'which the waters ofAlbemairle sound have flowed into Pamlico "JSc pass ed out a.t Ocracoke By4 stopping these channels, it is blitfytfieyAten'ctAI-1 oemarfe . would S again force their way through the old Roanoke ihletSc open a passage tor nayigatroti. , Btit tne great ex pense attending such an undertaking, and its doubtful results, are objections, which no degree of enthusiasm i will - probably overcome. , The circumstance, also, that this would only be providing for the navi gation rof Albemarle, without benefiting that of Pamlico, renders it exceedingly important, that a permanent inlet should be found at some point farther jsouth. i . For this ' reason it is made a question, whether Ocracoke inlet may not be' deep ened and improved, 7 But.tiew difficulties start ud not less i formidable than thr se above mentioned V From the exposed p4- i suion oi mis iniei, xne navigation on uic coast is dangerous. The counter-currents, which are occasioned by the tide and the water coming out of the sound, cause the sand-banks to be perpetually changing, r There is, moreover, a' peculiar "gurgitat- ing action in the sands here, which, in a very short time, swallowi up the- entire wrecks of vessels. . This prevents the possibility of sinking piers, or of forming any substantial resistance , to the force, of the waves, or the currents. The swash is composed chiefly of mud, which is con tinually changing its position. An island, which formerly stood-near Ocracoke in let, was broken up by a furious storm, and in a few years was entirely washed away. A -plan, which Is thought to be '.more feasible, than either of the others, is to fix on a point at Beaufort, still farther south. The inlet at this place; has not been much used, but it is .supposed, to be the best on the coast north .of Cape-Fear. "It is si tuated close under the lee; shore of Cape Lookout, & protected from the. influence of the gulf stream by the .promontory and shoals of Cape-Feari It has been found subject to fewer changes, than any of the inlets. It has a depihof fourteen feetdf water over the bar r and within the bar there is an extensive and safe harbor.,? fi.$9. To. facilitate' the intercourse43e- tween this place and the numerous rivers to the north, it is proposed to open canals. A communication . may easily be opened with all the large rivers, by a canal from Williamston on the- Roanoke, to Wah-, tiigton on the Tar, thence to Newbern on the Neuse ; and thence, ffbmome point farther down the Neuse to Beaufort Steam boats may be employed to navigate the sounds and large rivers, and thi re can be little dt'ubt, if such facilities were of- f,fered, as the circumstances of the case will admit, that the channel of trade might be diverted entirely to this place. It is considered of the greatest moment, that some easy and direct communication should "be opened with the ocean on : the j coast north of CapefFear, by means ot r which the rich and profitable trade of the ! Roanoke may be secured to Noi tU-Caro- ! Una.' The lands on this river are kraong the most productive in the UnuedStates. " Its products annually for exportation i maybe estimated atltwo land a half mil- lions of dollars If properlencouragement were given to industry by rendering the river navigable, jthe broducts would scon exceed five millions. . It is navigable for steam boats to Halifax, one hundred and thirty miles from its j entrance Into Albe marle sound. At present a'great propor tion of its produce goes to Norfolk thro the Dismal Swamp canal. y - It is about thirty years since this canal was commenced. At first it was narrow, and imperfectly constructed ; but it has been lately much improved. It is thitty- two teet wide, and sumcientiy deep ior boats ' carrying sixty hogsheads of tobac co, or two hundred and fifty barrels of flour. It is twenty-one mues long, con taining seven locks; and supplied with water from lake Drumtiibnd, Dy a small canal three miles in length. This lake, which ..is near the centre, of the bwarup,' is at least twenty xftet jugher Jthan the lands on the margin. It; is i on account ot this swell in the ;surfacc of the'.swanip, that the locks are necessary. A smooth and excellent road is nearly finished on me sideof the canal throughout its whole extent. During the war, yatr.quanuuc of produce passed in this direction to Nor folk. This channel of intercourse is so essential to the prosperity; ot Norfolk, that tiie state of Virginia has subscribed very largely to the stock the Roanoke Navigation Compan, with the hope ot turning the improved trade , ot this river through 4he Uismal! Swiimpxanai. Anct there is if Dosiible a strbiigcr reason1 w uv the state ot North-Carolina should be de sirous of drawing it to the south. Tne attention ot , tne pnncrpai engineer has furthermore been jmrUcularlyrcalled to the navigation at the entrance of Cape Fear river, ;,This hasv. hitherto beeo the principal channeilofr commerce in 'the; state. J The exports f irom vy u m mgtou have usually beeu more than ' twice as muchv as? irom i kit the other portsV VVd iimineicn. ts thirty; miles above; the mouth town are the aw, where the water is made shoal by the deposits, s. which result from Vtbe meeting of the tide-waters and the current of. the river ' : No vessel can pass over the flats, which drawsvtnore than eleven feetof water. The qhestions are to. be, tohsidered, "'whether the chari- nel at! this place may not be deepened 5 and whether it will not be best to make a prt at.'Smith ville, near"the mouth 'of the J river, where thereris a convenient harbor. and sufacient depth,otwater.:Vv vv .h examination of "the sbuthds along the coast is also to be made, -with a ; view to ascertain in what manner their navigation can be: improved ' As yet the labors of tne, commissipne;rs nave Deen tor tne mosz part directed to the primary rivers. Companies have been formed for improv ing the navigation of all these rivers, and very extersiye surveys have been under taken,, and in some instances already fl- nishedl -t;;-,, 'J-t ;l ' : It isjobsenrable throughout .the United Statesj that our primary rivers run near ly at right angles with the great ridges of mountains, xience tney.are ottener.oor stnicted by falls; than in almost any other country. -This is particularly true of the rivers of xNorth-Carolina;-" They pass over frequent beds of igranite. In the up per country the -navigation Js to be im proved by canals, locks, and sluices ; in the lower, by removing1 logs, sand-bars and'other obstructions. The commission ers have givfn detailed instructions to the engmeer, to direct.bis mquines into the best means of forming junctions' by canals between the primary rivers. fr On the subject of roads they have said little, as their instructions from the legis lature, demand a more immediate atten tion to'the internal navigation of th estate. But as good roads are very essential to the agriculturalists, particularly in the western:ahd les populous parts, and as these roads 'would y likely to bring some of the produce from the neighboring states in that quarter to a market in North-Carolina,' the principal engineer is' required to make such observations as may be in his power, and as may hereafter be use- ful. It is a question, wfylch; perhaps, will admit of piausiblef arguments on ; both sides, whether roads ever ought to be made land kept in repair ..at a general public .'expense? Why should industrious farmeri in one part of the state, who make their dwhToadspay a tax to encourage indolence by aidingthe same, work in an other part ? If people will not keep good roads for themselves, it is no more than just, that they should be the sufferers As a general rule, this is certainly a good one but it does not seem to hold in those where the population is scattered, where roadsare made with difficulty, and where, at the 'same time, they are a great public U benefit. ! ' ! .y The new roads which have latelybeen made to so s;reat an extent in thc high lands of Scotland, under the direction of the eniinent engineer, Mr. Telfoi-d, have been laid off and finished at the joint ex pense of the government, and the districts through which they pass. ' In 'this way two thousand miles of free road have been made,f of which the government paid one -half of the expense. Mr. Fulton menti ons ajmode of keeping roads n repair, which! is practised in Sweden, and which he says is very effectual.- That country s divided into districts. Each district has a governor, yho apportions a certain ex- tent of road, to be kept in repair, to each ownerf and occupier of land, according to the extent of his possession. At the ex tremity of each portion of ; the road; the person's narn, whose duty it is to keep it in. Wpair, is rudely cut on a board, which is fixed on thes side of the road ;1 so that if a traveller meets with a' bad piece? of road, jie notes it down in a book, which is always presented to j him wjien he arrives at the.next post house. In this book there is a number of columns for msertmg the namej route, &c. of tte person passing ; and alway s one tor remarks of this nature; The book is returned to the governor eve-, ry month, who takes immediate stepts to have the roads put. in proper order. j.By this means their roads are inferior to nonCf in the wrrld'f. '. 52 This nav.be a good' practice in Sweden, but we doubt whether it would be productive. of so hapiy effects j suiuug iuc ivrziis ui (.lie voiieu ouiics, sJVlr. Fulton may be-ready to imagine. : We have thus sketched a very imper fect outline bf the f plan x( Hoternaf m- provements, whlcj has been adopted in North- Carolinan is not yisiouary nor premature, for Twas started nearly five years.:ago, ana ias oeeu gradually gaining strength, and going into at more extensive bpeHtioe ver iTncIteonimaeVtd be prbsecutebVwith the samdwisdomV' Seal, and ehlargemeuf review s, withhichit has hitherto been marked, it cannot faU to result v in the happiest consequences to i the states l he good effects, which it pro mises are Almost unlimited. They are by nb means confined to a general increase of irejtnid;mjH enterprize.' A spur V ilfbe-given to ih dustry .'i' and industry is fine guardian, of virtuc .A people which Ss bdustribus and vinuouIkrsbbnbe intelligent; Yoo will not" only findyice and moral depravi ty, vbut ignoranceahd mtellectuatimbeci- Uty the companions of hulblence,, Among; ! means bf keeping ahve anactiy and preserving purity Of iaafcri bv ooenlncr direct am) nrofitable diahnels - oftradeV lnclustrv p may Cthep V;fbr fts; aijiplest rewards ;3 and In a cijuntif, liker ours, it will meitabirberattend its concomitant blessinWbf moral exceV; lerice, political freedominentaf elevation;. and thercTignity of a" tirtccus ihdepend AtterTorminra t)lan. and Doanonc out what ought td.!2uVDtle;'the.iteiir ifppcen: . ; of ithe 'comtniicera was to 4uqnire.int0 -u the ability of the state to txccntoW Thfi second part of lodge Mnrphey Metnolt . fv is taketr op with a mriure statistVii -k$t:':4; -of 5f orth-Carollna l and a thorough f nvesr C tigjtioj of itr? sourees.s iThetilt hi erjr encouraging;) It appears that J the ; H statevmii calculate on an) annual: sirplaa t'. revenue to the amnt bf: 5i)00, with' out increasing its ion. 'Itjis entWed: to a loan from the hanks of Kewhent and' Capip-Feajc bv whicK it mar.hajve theus5. of glO.OOO for fourteen years, In addi tionVtp these sunrsj the legislature, ; itli ; the noblest spirit of liberalityc3ppropriai: .1 ted dutingthe ? last sessiojiibr thie rposet of internal improvemfptathe proceeds 6'fr1i the' sale of all the Cherokee larls," wh?cH ha vie lately: cme 'intc the ' polsesston-ofrj w North-Carolina.; The extent of this tract- f' is hot) exactly, known,Mut t it cbmnrise somewjiat more thana million of cres of -. While on the subiect : of . North-Caroli-- na, we cannot resist the tridination whic i we feel to bring forward one brrttyo other particulars, whichlv exhibit: thef present 1 condition and future prospects of this statfti in a most lavoraDie tight, am Jam ardent and increingeifihe estMHshisien V ? or sen oois and academies lor several years . :Dreviotis!VJto which there were ohlvf two institutions ;o the kind in the 4StatJThei; number At f present .is nearly fifty and is rapidlv tn- ' creajl0 Great pains i are taken to pro' cure! the best instructers froni ?difieren V parts of the cuntnvland wefhavathe best anthbrity for bur ' part of the Union are the interestrof edu cation better understood, and lundeKbeV . ter regulations, than in the middle cduhW , ties of North-Cairoliria - The schools fot - ? females are particularly celebrated. nc : are much resorted to from ffeorgia,rS, Carolinaandyirrihialirinthd the number of students at academies, wi'th . , in the campassof fcrty miles, amounted tp 7 ,s more than one thousand. This space xonv v prized the counties of WarrenJ Granville, ' Oran Wake Franklin,; & tpo or thres ". V others adjoining; All the useful and; orna ; 'i mental branches of knowjedgelare taujrht A Utmost of theslhstitntlbos--- The : University f of A NortBroIina :L which is atChapel-Hai,1n Orangebun : ty , was incorporated labout thirty : yearsi , ' ago, but did not go vinto activd-operaiion . for nearly ten years afterO It it at present' flourishing, contains niore thanf a hundred : students, and promises to become a useful-1 and important institution It w uncer tho . direction of fifty-five trustees! a number v .hichi we think, fivei times tbojarge Wef ; believe few drcumstaces have coritribut-; '. ; ; W'h?brertn jtard nheuccess;of many v of our , southern colleges; thafe this proV . x pensity, whih seetrto beaJrtost umveiv L ,V-. sal, of appointing auhe ciet ml . of trusteesv C:By this; meansi many are -chosen to the office, who are. not qualified individual responsibility Is weakened - " no one teeis the necessity of acting wita ' V much trusted to so many others rknd finally i nothing is done. u Anothef practicewhichV is followed m some of the stoteotust'ef fectually stop the progress of any Utergry intit ution. We mean the custpm 6f mak ing the professbrssalaries depend on the " annuaigrants-ofthe legislaturevl Under such circumstance, they are! subject to have their salaries reduced, or to be turnj , ed Out of their places; by Uewbint or ca pricebf a partv.'The -only security" for stability tn the internal trove rh meat of ars v bnstittttion, and for haying .professors, df uigu quaun&auons, is mus aesxroyeo. - In tliis? recurrence to; eyenfs and cii camstances, -which; redound Id' much to" the erf dit and honor of NorthCarblina t we should do equal Injustice :tc our bwnr feelings, an4 tothe patrkjtisriancVgene , rous recollections of the sUtenot to men.-' ' : tion the superb Statue; which tt has: re- - solved; to dedicate to themecibry of our 'ft v icrci national nerp, ana winch it has e" ployed thei first artisttb execute. -An ex ample'tias'been jbefoIlqwedKo, time was lost iii idle de-r bates and -inefiuilf resblud feelings which grauittide, had awajuiieb' " were not allowed to cool by procrastinav- tionri In thisrooble object the legislature acte4ith;promptof and to shcrwith whatj jspirxtfit contlnttfi tobie prosecuted we need oaly mchtiony v- . that durihg the last session,' i liberal ap , prbpriatioD.was aiade for the purpose of ehlargMgthe? ttaihouse a OPrer commodiout rcx than it how- contains, for thereceptica bf hb'tplrndd a specimca o we arts. jkue ttat.&.ijcuso is ; a handsome educei itaafidirlc aii eJavai' errf lODhi 6eriewMef ca to IDC i ! 7! " !. 1 1 1: 'r :;.vy i. u
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 30, 1821, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75