North Carolina Newspapers

. V- AND H-CAE .-.-Tt- Onrre the Ib ffajr.delfrttfol Peace, rj.?v j Unwarp'd by pirtr rge, tolWe llk Brotfaen.&! VOT- XXVT. FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 1823. N0.1225. 11 i.; a: TR FSj. DERATE OV mNTTTMCTTT In the Houseif Pefrrrtcntativ . . 1 , - COVTIKUED. ThVbUI ' for thr TTroreftprtual protec tion n,Maaor', hwir trnrler consid , rarion In Committee of -te Whole Mr. Hoi com b En of Ne w Jeiy, ; rose ard a'drp! te House as frUow;, I rie. Mr. Chairman, with rnlia'r em harassment. to opr mvelfor the firt timr, to theHoure. on a subject whch has been so oeit di?mse,' not. only itnon th& floor, but in every town, vUlajpe, and fitv, throurbout the Hnirn, that the Verv name of Tanflf has become oius o manar a erm f reproach, and al mn a bv-wcrd. Bnt, notwifhstandinc: these rts it 5 a snbec of tbe depet interest : and is vet-popnar w"th a trreSt iraiopT of the American people. It's mv intentirn toadvrcate the hill. And let it not be insinuated r,f me, as it heretofore bas been nf others, that interev stimulates tV- discussion. The feeble connection Vhieh T may once have had1' with ror.o f?rt.,rnr establishments i forever diolv- cd, and T now stand n mv p'ace as a com ir on representative of the citizens of the United SytFS. o dfpnd one of the irnot interest'np- quest:or.s of national policy as 1 ror.jtciertiously believe it to be, that can possibly be aifated at this time, upon this loor. , . ' The true mannractu-in question, or th noVrv of foon'Hne he commercial ?n- teress and permanent revenue of this j rr.unrv unn its mamifacturinGT indnstrv, j is rot novel.' ji imiccu, tucvdi viui the government. Alb w me, Mr. Chair nan, .to rail your attention, for a moment, . ,r.rlv b'fttorv of the tapflf. Som af ter the peace of p3 had recojrn'zed our ris-ht and ranlc as art. independent "nation, the creation of a revenue, adequate tp the nrfaw exnend'turesof"he eovernment. became a subjecS of interesting inqui nry to tAnoritir.ians of thaf period. A resort to direct and indirect taxation was inadmis slble. and, indeed , impossible, i The j pre cims metals hnd deserted our country- ' cirndatjn?: medium was wanting. From customs alone, it was evident, the country ua to derive its revenues. And the. iny n c;encv of its customs accruing from a crirmerce supported wholly by agricul ture was alreadr palpabje. Thewretch ed and ruinous state of our colonial com merce was yet vividly recollected r and the inferences from it were irresistible: And hence, jn t?e numerous systems of rf Venue and tariff, which were projected atthat period, the protection of-manufacturing industry formed ah essn'ial ' pav, an indispensable provision. There port cf the Secretarv "of the; Tceasury, Mr. Hamilton, is still familiar to the pub lic. And it cannot be questioned, had the prinrlfs of this celebrated papier (for the details were remarkably defec tive) been adopted into a system of per manent policy, we should have forever avoided the necessity of publishing to the world the degrading and extraordinary fact, that afer a course of unexampled, and almost uninterupted prosperity , for . thirry years, the commercial r-venues, pf the most enterprising people in the world ere sufficient to meet, in the time of pro vfoond peace, the necessary expenditures of t e cheapest government upon earth But the fact is notorious. it -has become history. . ' ' It was my intention here Mr. Chairman, to have rapidly reviewed the history of the tariff from the commencement of the wars which grew out of the French revo .liition to the present period ; and to have a'ccountct for the bitterness and hostility which disnnf uish, otherwise, tne most li beral and erliehtened statesmen f ur tountrv onthesubieci of the tariff. But rresumine that the committee is entirely familiar with the "tubiect, and fearful. of trespassing upon your, patience, I shall call your attention immediately to the-fol-lowinr nrobositions.' which I mean to de- fend. . . -. v' 1st. .The protection of manufacturing ipcustry, bv means ot commercial resinc ti?ns. is indisoensab'v necessary to deve- : lpe and sustain the wealth and power of Rations.- :" v , t- . 2." A further ; and liberal extension of the tariff (perhaps such as is contemplat ed by this bill) will enable the American aauufacturer to suppfy,. hereafteri ?not oiuv domestic consumption, but tocomf Pete profitably with other nat ohs, in fo rign markets. : V;.-" r 'V-':" S''' : .Upon these general, principles! shal defend the bill. I' do not profess to.be familiar with its detail v "' JNpr is it partif: tularly nece$sary , after the ' able and lu w inous exposition which' they - have f re ceived from the.honorable gentleman whb teported the bill.,- I -wish, however,-my opinion to be distinctly stated and fully understood ..." The manufacturing ; interest of this conntry is no longer a"subject' of ' partial legislation add coniihgent proiec ' tion; but constitutes,' at this pioment, one of great interi8t8jih,d is'eq'uiiUy enti Ued whb commerce and' agriculture,' to the most tffcc ual and permanent protec tion.' And it fnrther;appeara to me td he the obvious policy; as,well as ihh impel . rative duty of the government; (hV ordei " to protect this great interest,)' to 'torn t nu.ct , i m mt diately, a sy stem of prospec ) Ue, but ultimately of entire : exclusion 1 1 from our shores of every article, of foreign i I j fabric, the -material -of which" "wie ' either possess or can anunaantiy create, i iy obfext is to award to mir manufacturing interest the sameVipeftain and exclusive protection wjiieh we. have long since a warded to our commerce and agriculture. -I will proceed to "the, consideration of the first proposition. That the 'proteptftm of manufacturing industry, bv means of commercial restrictions, is indispensably necessary to leve.1ope the resources and wealth of nations. The testimony of his- torv, in" vUstainlocr this proposition, is am ple, unifoi-m, and conclusive. I now ap peal to its strongest f vets : ' . ' At art early period'of modern Europe, several nations became wealthy-rand pow erfuh by introducing and protecting, with in their .respective territories, .manufacturing- establishments, -as the basis and sources of an1 extensive and enterprising commerce. Oftbese.the mostdsitinguish- ed were Genov and Florence, Venice and Holland. Venice; won from the - waters of the Adriatic sea, became- the mistress of .the . south of Europe. And Holland, reclaimed from the marshes of the Ger man ocean, continued for centuries the pride and wonder of .the north., Time and revolution1, it is true, have swent a- way their former insti uiions, ancl merged in many instances, their very existence in the nations" around them. . Rut their ex amples will forever remain in history, as brilliant memorials of what the genius, industry, and enterprise, of free commu nities can effect, when ? studied and pro tected by enlightened legislation. But th most extraordinary, example which the world presents, of the policy, and results of protecting manufacturing ndustry, is unquestionably that of Eng land. I am fully aware, Mr, Chairman, that the example of England. is trite on this subject, and revolting upon thfc floor. But I will detain you but a moment. And ir nurrying you to the point which I h-ve in contemplation, if I cannot carry you over this barren subject by new paths, I will at least remove from those already beaten,, as far as 1 am able, every thing offensive and annoying. But of England. Never before existed a nation so wealthy and powerful A comparatively barren island in the northern ocean, has become the garden of the world A nation desti tute of mines, by her admirable policy, has diverged to her shores the gold and silver, the wealth and tribute, of every climate and region under heaven. There is no sea but which is visited by her ma riners."And the standard of her sovereign ty waves in every quarter of the globe. IN ever betore on earth was swayed a scep tre like hers, so mighty and efficient, so frarful and tremendous. The erenius of the'.greit Napoleon, with Europe at his feet, sunk beneath its influences. And iue power oi me woman empire in its proudest day v. was feeble in comparison with it. And whence, Mr. Chairman, has this gn at-supremacy am,ong nations been derived ? By what means or magic was it been achieved ? Simply from the policy of protecting of effectually pro tecting the industry of her citizens from ail foreign competition ; of adopting since the days of her revolution the principles of the bin which I have now the honor to advocate; Let me nnt be told of the vice and misery of her manufacturing districts f her taxes-her poor houses, and pa pers. These are all acknowledged. But they are the necessary, the unavoidable consequences of her ambitious and inter minable wars the immediate results of the operation of her national debt. Ex tinguish J his, and you collect; at this mo ment around the laboring population of England more of the comforts and neces saries of life than have ever yet fallen to the lot of any other people,, with tbe ex ception of our owncitizens, in the world. ' The policy of Spain, is the reverse of that of England. "Hi re, the doctrines of the author of the f Vealth of Nationsthe unrestrictive system, has been,' for ases past; in full and free operation. And what has beenUbe result ? The finest country in Europe, into. width' the irold and silver of Mexico and Peru, and .the wealth of uoin ...lueantues, naye nowea tn a tun ana uninterrupted stream for three centuries. has gradually stink fronti the elevation of her imperial grandtur. below the level of the secondary.powera of Europe, and at length into utter, bankruptcy.. Recollect, Mr. Chairman, that I speak with reproach only of her commercial system--of her wretchea tanrf,; And I avail myself, with the highest satisfaction, of this opportune ty j ot txpressing, in the presence ot the representatives of the' American people, my admiration foi the . sublime and 'inter esting spectacle;: which the Spanish y na tion at- tnis moment presents ; and has been,' for years, exhibiting to the world. At a period the -most unexpected and un- hbpedA for, the entire population of "this extensive and ; beautiful region, arose at once, intoTnew, lifefr and, bursting asunder iue vuaiiia niuvu iue BUicriillllUU ajlU iy ntnny of agei had ri vetted around them," erected, on t the ruins 4 of the sternest and gloomiest despotism upon 'earth, a govern, rnent;of virtuvil representation and con stitutional-liberty. Imperishable be her institutions ! ; and ; may the"spirit of revo lution; wbichT Was first enkindled upon A our altars.'.and; which has gone forth From rv despotism in Europe be overturned and the rents and independence and hap- pmess oi every nan'Mi, , aux kinedom. under Heaven, be established upon the only, basis which the progress of enhehtened opinion snail consent to re gara as? legi'imaie vuc ui3 ui uugnj and equality ! . ;. But to retun ,to the sobject.; Look for a moment beyond the Pyrenees. At the convention of Paris France was exhibit - 1 ed to the wm4dJ fallen, vdegraded and in chains, at the feet of the sovereigns) of t Europe. Her great cniertam in capuvi ! ty her armies beaten and dispersed-her pnae ana miiuary spirit- uuuuicu m iue f dusU ; She seemed forever struck from her commanding attitude in Europe ; and to have-retrograded, at leasts half a Cen tury in the politics of Europe. And such indeed were the confident Predictions . of i statesmen. Vand essayists, particularly of the politicians of this country and Lrreat Britain. .u . ( Now rhark Jthe result-! Before these very predictions had reached the extre mities of the world---before the armies of their deliverers had ceased to outrage the presence of the Frenchvpeople, a sys tem was already in operation, which in stantaneously insured the generation of France. Embarrassment disappeared from every department .of the state -:VA new army was organized; a formidable navy created ; a splendid and experienc ed eoverntnent and court established and supported : and the immense tribute of foreign indemnification extinguished with a celerity that appeared like the opera tion of magic. And in less than six years from the period of her signal overthrow, France arose again to her former elevat ed standing, the same great, efficient, and distinguished r nation as before. And' to what causes, Mr. Chairman, are we to attribute this sudden, this extraordinary regeneration r,Was it because the vine covers their hills, or the olive her valleys Was it because her soil was the richest her climate the healthiest, or her popula tion the most ingenious in Europe f No, sir It is "to her admirable commercial system, to which we are to look for the solution of the question. A system which protects the industry of France,-and se cures to her own citizens the distinguish ed hlessirgs which the bounty of nature hath lavished upon them. A system, sir, an approach towards which, is indicated by the" bill under consideration. An imaginary line separates the king dom of France from the JYetherlands. But if the Andes had arisen, or oceans rolled between them, their' respective boundaries could not have been more dis tinctly, or strongly, jor. palpably marked. On the one" side: is :a population, active,; industrious & happy- on the other, poor, indolent and wretched. France protects the industry of her citizens Holland has departed froni the system of her forefa thers: and. bv means of her new: doc trines, paralized the energies of the most j mausirious peopic m t-uropc,, ; It is unnecessary to pursue such facts farther-History, bothfiancient and mo' dern, without a solitary exception, attests the truth of the proposition which I have attempted to. illustrate,, that the protec tion of manufacturing. industry, by roeaijs of commercial restrictions, is indikpe"Tisu- bly. necessary to develope and sustain the wealth and power ot nations. : -: Allow me now, Mr. Chairman, to cal the attention of the committeei for a few moments, to the second proposition. A further extension, of the tariff (per-. haps such as is contemplated by tne ovll upon the table) will "enable" the' American manufacturer to supply not only the do- mestic consumption, uuv lumpcic proua- bly with other nations in foreign markets. The . manufacturing question is very dinerent trom, wnat it was ten years ago. It then was, whether we should foster and promote- our. infant! establishments. "It now is whether ie shall sustain and ex- lend our matured ones. It then was, whe ther we could manufacture any article as profitably as we could purchase it. It now Is, whether we cannot, by additional rprotectioo; sell profitably 4-bioad, as well as in me uouictitb uiarci. iue lounua which we' 'prodacerivv;-t: -This may prbbablyNbe regarded as a new, as it certainly is a very; interesting view, which this , great national question begins, legitimately, to present. T r ; t But, are its subjects, Mr. Chairman, vi sionary "or uriattainable? If . the uniform testimony ofwvery nation which has ever existed, be not entirely delusive, and the experience of a thousand establishments m our own country, wmcn nave Biruggieu intb existence in despite , of every Species of depression, be not utterly faUacious, they are already within our reach. Pack ages of American' goods are at this mo-: ment shianinp . to the)" South-American piarkets. ;.The rise, indeed, and progress f of these Southern Republics, may be re- f garded as particularly auspicious the f policy I ana advocating. . Cummercial trea-; ties will 'shortly;: be "' concluded between j them and us ; abd'rom jthe, precedence j which .we had taken in recognizing their independence we shall jponitaptly be eii j titled tdJtViaf4-aiHyilege.bi the most bierav favored nation 4 Ano from the genius -of .tueir pbpulatibh, ,'and the infinite Variety; of their prrkfiictions 'there profitable - market may be Opened tn-our marine, it we wui permit prmcrciiaaw 'tdjadveptu'rffJaTt.c"::' i; I.ani fully a ware; Mr. Cha1rmnihaw lightfy i thse remarfe-eculationsy if you please are regarded by - many, to whom they are addressed But T recol lect; artdhe Housef well remethbers, when Congress- was first ""petitioned to protect our cotton mamifactures,.with what keen-; ness' and derisioo, the idea ws contested, that we." should ever. 'be able, or at least for a long series -of 'years; to manufacture such articles as- profitably as .we could purchase them.; An yet; sir, in the short-r est possible period, shprter, indeed, than the most sanguineriend of the tariff could have Ventured to predict or imagine ; the milslins - of, India disappeared, afidjnur own fabrics, substantially better; cheap er, and equally abundant forever super seded their use. And will not the same splendid results crown similar acts of le gislation, for the protection of every arti cle of legitimate manufacture in this coun- j try. -v":-.:.- - y; V . ;- . , , ! The progress which we have already made in manufactures, is a fact as sur prising as it is congratulatorv, if we re gard; for a moment, the feeble protection which has been awarded them : knd the difficulties which, at every step, tbey have had to oppose and vanquish. It is; seem-4 inglyut yesterday ;Md,indeed, it is lit tle more than thrice three veirs sbice ' when it was as universally believed thro'- out our country, that we were s weapa bleV competing profitably with' -the fo reign manufacturer, as. of combating suc cessfully the Mistress of the Ocean, upon tier own element. The success of Wal- tham, however; and Hinnumbered other establishments, whir.h ad and villages of our country, have jdissipa- tea, enectuany dissipated, the one delu sion ; and the gallant Hull triumfihant over all his enemies, -'.has forever buried vuc otcr, wim me wrecK ot tne ixtier riere mxhckfiths of the Atlantic I will jlow, Mr. Chairman, briefly exa- mine, or ratner, l will elance,.over rnet principal objections which ha ve been urg ed against the manufaccurinjg system in this country.: It has been denounced, and held up to public odium, as a system cal culated to benefit the few atcthe expense of theroany. Experience, in e,very coun try heretofore, and in this coun try, -A3 far as the experiment has been raadi, has proclaimed, in the most unequivocal man ner, the inconclusiveness of the bbjectbt The spirit of the bill is, and its ultimate operation must be, to destroy, (bv multi plying rival establishments,) not sustain. monopoly ; to lessen, (by promoting com-, petition,) riot increase, inordinate profits ; to advance the interests, not of tndiviqu als, but of the , con:muiity. And . that j such, indeed, will be its eventual opera tion; may be strongly; if not conclusively inferred,' froni the ' hostility manifested I towards it, by.the manufacturers; them-' selves : By the proprietors of suchsta blish ments as have been .enabled, by means of large capitals, to withstand the shock of European com petition; and con tinue, to realize profitable dividends. 'And in fact, objections like the one.under, con-: sideration might bej urged with as much force, -and more propriety, against the navfeation of the North, and the aaricul-: ture of the South, and every ether great i interest of ths country, which: depends upon the exclusive protection of the,gb- vernment, ;Xes, sir, m Free communities; competition .destroys monopoly,1 and. Pf $ ntaoie raarK.etsjnsure aoundance. And, were it possible at this moment to ex clude from our shores every article of fbj reign fabric, the material of which we pessess in abundance, there is scarcely a doubt, (such is the infinite industry,. skill, and enterprize of our citizens,) that, in half a dozen years nay, possibly in a much shorter, period -we . should be as cheaply and as abundantly supplied as at present. But thej more correct policy, unquestionably is, to obtain these end$ by more progressive means.;. , . -3;r :. Another objection which haa been urtr- edwjth great force and plausibility, a gainst the .manufacturing system, is, its supposed tendency to contract commerce. and of course to lessen 4he revenue. And this fudeed.'Mr. Chairman the impair ment ot the revenue, is the most formida ble objection "... which the ? manufacturing system i has , jeyer had rto combat on this floor, or in this country. Direct taxation, in all its forms,-is so odious to the Ameri can people, ;thaV rather thaq submit to Its exactions; tewilf tolerate anyl sys tem -pi revenue, no we rer; uiumaieiy ruin ous it may prove. v: s :; ;;.' r:;;H' But is the objectio ejii&led to the coh sideration which it has received f Nosir. It is an axiom in pdlitical economy, utter- ly;incontroyertibIUiathe the. revenue are ,dahceds by, whatever tends to prombtedohaestic industryland wealth. : Such is the idea4ts exact ex pression Ihayef fbratteniExJiroples, witnout numoer, roignt oe aaaucea in con firmaton)t)f . this xloctrine ;but fearful of peat tial trespassing upon te patience of tlie 'cpni mittee, 1 cannot pauset to collect them 'and f HI njerly pbservelin paing&at manufacturing: - establishments v created understand me, i sirrrepdrchajing communities of foreign productions, which' directly .advance lakr proportion . to their r nxi vr lit i i iiLnjiiiai.mii.-iiir: iriLr.i rir iit r n. mqfiii v The costly bonnets of Italy; and" the'ailksVH pt prance and China, find already'aef, ,;;r tensiyemarket i'i our manufacturing is- J tricts. Aho! thconsumptipn: of the ordi- aarynecessanes or i ea,; uonefi and bu gar, ire doubled and trebled ih a cotrimti nity, wnose expendltuJes may be atoays . f i j, acctirateiy rated by their capacity to tiur - V 1 I J chase. And thus, sir, heinjuiy whicii: x A. ? portation of one article, (tm article ma- - ' iue ifcTtnuc jujwjinuv iuc lessened im. . nufactured at home,) is fall v. if not more' . than repaired,' by the increased con sump-": . tion of othersv And such is; k64;- mst? fprever..cqrftih.tp;bethe, -obviojis and necessary operation of everv ieVltimato f " manufacturing establishment in bur totjn- 'AAA she morals of society, in inducing vice and Anotner objection to the.manufacturins: v system (and this is the last one which I "C shall notice) is its alleged boeration unom : f misery. t; v-". ...,."-?-,- v-f i-. .-,,V-i.i . Whatever trujh this objection niay have.' . in ite applicatibn' to:the limited extent pf ' " x European, countries, and the crowded and.:-r-.v peculiar population of their cities; it is en-: 1 r tirely lost in its bearine nob'ii ' themanil- J r acturing establish ment of this country; 1- ritory and whose population, bear, ..-ah'4':"'V-will forever continue to bear,, a small re- V -lative proportion to the' rest ofcthe cbth : r munity.- "I -;' '-:-;:-: yf-.---' ' 'r7' MancHesters and Birmlnghams;those ' i theatres upon which fearful sceries of.vic"&p and misery have been exhibited, we haveVV v no right to apprehend ' will everarise avV3 jr; niongst us, tju r 1 m ra easu rable terri tory' W ; T forms bur everiasting ' protection? Co-' vK ' pression may reach, but rrot pejrmanehtlytv the American laborer. He isW jfreemani " ?V; who possesses' the right andcarjacity of 'A changing his ; residence" and employ ment,' iv whenever his disposition may lead him to' pursue his happiness elsewhere.,-. For himj r; t : there is a land Uaf promise and refutrev v tl blooming in the WestVr ; . 1 -V , V - C:v T. he i European, nn the; contrary is a slaVe, who is chained by the Severest fateJ!. to a single spot, ana. compelled, by, tbd '. sternest necessity,' to pray; for t h e wretch- ed privilege of earning his daily and scan ty, subsistence. . For him. there is no tran- y Sitionbntufroni!; the ' workshop to the poor-house-i-there is "no rifagt but the; grave..' Sh--- 'i'l 1. '; '.-- ' r But, eyerf in England, whefe this bbjeci V uuii itpues wun its iuh wrce, anatwnere mabis Mtein--ynge9t:.eriki -0 thef sMffering pbpulatibo of her manufac- ! t uringjdistricti have been .abtly 8t strougr f ly tnied-yet ; eyeft - hereunexpected ' f as the fact may be) A we "are assured b ,t her ablest statists," that vice and pauper ism.characjterize more certainly her agri- - cbltural than her manufacturing popula tion. At any rate, it will not be denied; & irt our country,. wherever, flch establish- ' ments have, beensuccessfully located , that, ' instead of v6e and crime, and pan- perism, therjng in their cirtJes, the : dountry has flourished around them; ?and the comforts anct-' independence of. the people been cbiist.antly advanced, i r-. r ' v; Why bai the tide of emigritionroni New-England ceased to j flow i I'inde- , pehdence no longer to be won ib thw jwfff1 dertaessjofVihe West? Gr, is iufrbutlec stULswept and desolated by) tne, savage..? C No, sir.The nibtiye Xar, emigration i extinguished. ' Ne w Kagland has become; , or' partly become, a nianufacturia .dis- ;-tribt-And the poor man has ag;aiutound; around the home i of his fatherscowtir "4" employment and liberal fztfr tUose cer, tain' and inexhaustiUfe sources Of the hap- p piness of individuals, ahldVthe glory and j'. -w-rh nfnatirtn. -. .. ' .''7--,. V- ; A few moments- jAoreMr.-Chalrniini-' f ana i wiu tcsu w trespass.' upon 'Wie in- . -T' dulgence of the committee; j-J4v , 1 - :'Jf- The. situation of our country is triilv 'fel't licitous.; BIessibgs indeed; f.-every; iktuu,, auiiuuMu , u, v fjiuiry n uaxrowuea, tho 'na'cf- o'nrt ' h a fit n m ! l - .. ' . u - ' ' 'embrace th wisdonxof every ageid the perfectionl. of every system. '. And, independently of the hlessfniS which we hive rrwrt TaW ourselves; what ba oof the pbunty of Ka- .tuiiaybhed;u eimmerce;;whichVjjaye-ner;bera sur- passed; nor equalled Otir imounuiqs a-v i bound with coal andirbtWtbe agent and ' c: materials, of bur future mauufacturioe su-- .Vs'. periority , : And the eitent aud. variety of i our soil, prodaciive; in all the greatest sta , V " pies at commerceaided too, d f acilities for internal lmmunicfaUobIwhich arc hm gratifying as hejrare unbounded, ; titil0; forever distinguish our agriculture -:l natioa-Holdevelopiuresohs ture, sustain, and exend'its eristin ir& terestiaod iiistituttons, are the objecti of liik iirwscui 111:1. r- . s-.i . butcoustitutes one.' w (he'trreat interests bf.the country, add ts' fully entitled to Uxc most eScent and permanent protection Letihe vbili.'ftherefbre; HnvCbalrraaa & pass-r-paiSy without embarrajsineat,; op?- amenamenu,,,-vxo xurtucr ; 'AaareS6lv ' : from this mbaieat to pelade fboi yviir v U..' ".""V.'l ,".A '. Oi '.... 1IIJ m I. j.yur mamiiaciurmff iDUustry. ut me ro J. r 1 ft " . '".- -.- f: -j. . S' (Ml 111! again, is no longer 4 sabject of par- i- r.m protecuon;.or,:oAW)geotierilitKii- . v :VA i i ; -.1 J if-- t I' ll'l Si 9- If, in V ':r ' ft t 1 1 I'll M 1 V in i u. a i nil j.t. - i i i. i mum - z v- . . 1 i '. v.. St'. .-' --ftl1. " ;'-';- . ' ; . '.-'':' 7 :" ':-:-;;i;;.-'1; ;:;?.. ;.