V
HOUSE OBilE5EirW)TrS.;
nW th Kill autfcorismir: ahscripliOa-ioifine
Stock of the Mayavme am
...pike "Road. ' .x ' . y-'. C '
bill for a few moments only.' He had no
idea'thit he shouldKableio prevent its
i -.. nAM(kar Uf usi he - took no
K fhntft viaaterdavne wtehsa
- r . i- 1 . s a ,
make a remarK or iww,
to
not:that.hei)ad
object Jor he couiu assure ,h, mi
; IromrKentocky,; that would, as soon
- ntiior nf the kind even in his own
'district .Buihe roseHo make sone fte-
tomintft. which he thought calculated
. to throw much light on the system of In-
ternariroprovement generally of which.
this Foaa is apart, and wnicn invoke u.c
principles of the whole subject.
. The developement which I am about to
'iiikAi-iiaia Mr. r HU- consists ot emana-
tions'from the most respectable sources
ToUfnrcra nf two of the most
wealthy alid powerful States m the Union.
New.York and Pennsylvania. It is un
necessary for me to saythat in present
ing whafel do from these sources, it is not
from any want of respect My object is
to shew what NeYork and Pennsylva
nia Hiyeoiie, and the results at which
they have Arrived in the prosecution ot
Wks of internal improvement, as a bea
.con ania warning to other. States less
. powerful in the means necessary to the
Successful prosecutidii of these works
I hesitate not to say that no other States
in the Union can push their plans of in
ternal improvements to the extent which
:these States, have, without the most rum
ouisefuences.t -The great State of
New-York,' with means and appliances
physical and adventitious which no o
theV State in the Union? has, or perhaps
"ever can havewill find some difficulty m
extricating herself 'from1-the situation m
which her tplendid works have placed
Her. . But with her resources, if she con-:
V tinues to exercise the wisdom in the man
agement of her system which she has
hereiofbreone,- by applying her general
revenue means of a: sinking fund to her
Y debt, and suspends the further extension
; of hersystem, she will In some few years
wipe off this debt, which, if I am rightly
informed has been, considerably reduced
. by this, policy. .
. ..The report of the Canal Board, in an
swer t&a resolution of the Senate of New
York; of the; 25th of February, 18S0, pre
sent9,amongother,remarks, the following.
"The advantages to the people of this
State ta be derived lom the construc
tion 6f the navigable communications be
tween ihe great Western andNorthcrn
" Iifces. ;and the; AtlanticOccan, were
doubtless based upon the anticipated re
venue which these worklwould produce.
It was therefore;; apparent, at jthe. com-
mencement of these works, that the local
advantaares in the enhancement 01 me vai-
ue'of the nronerly contiguous to them,
would be' participated by the landed pro
prietors' and others inhabiting the Canal
.sections of the State 5 and that the great
Statecommun!ity mustlook, as an indem
nity for its expenditures, to the revenue
fjfco be derived from these works" Again,
A law was nassed at the commence-
'l&ent'o'rthi&e Canals imposing a direct
Ifocal .tax upon twenty five miles on each
-tMde of tltese works. This law was based
upon the evident principle that the pro
perty in the vicinity of he Canals was en
hanced ifivaiue'td the amount of the dif
ference between land and water transpor
tation Owing, however, to the loss and
inconvenience which would result from
the assessment, collection, and payment
of the tax, it was never imposed 5 and
l those who have been al mbsfc extlxisivdy
V benefited by these works, having been
this s exe mpted from all direct taxation,
it would seem to be an obviotfS ' principle
of iii slice that the wholetafe should ne
ver be subject to taxation on account of
the Canals It cannot-be imagined, that
the peoplcf of this State ever contemplat
ed; that the works1 which -are principally
beneficial in a local ahdyinrfiwlpoint
of view, should impose Ja tax upon the
? whole communityl and it would doubtless
be doing great injustice to that portion of
our citizensf. who inhabit the Canal sec
tions, to imane that they ever supposed
that those in other parts of the State would
be subjected to taxation to make or main
tain thefeanalsj &br tb extinguish the
debt" The repoAgoes on to say The
State, inttpbticalpaciymay be re
garded as a- Corporation and the same
broad principles ofgu slice in reference to
its wealth, will 'haWperfect applicability.
In a corporation consisting of .ra ahy indi
viduals anappUcation of the funds of the
tvhoie.for the benefit of ft part,; woald be
a transgression, of the principles of equi
ty unless the funds were invested in such
a manner as to return to the body corpo
rate the principal and inresfc'gainlf
But the making of the Canals has added
to the wealth cf the State, by enhancing
the value of the property in the Canal
sections. This ir true. But as" this ad
dition of weahh has not diffused itself,
and cannot diffuse itself; equally among
- all the citizens, as two-tfiirds or, three-
fourths of the whole population ; derive
- little, if any, pecuniary advantage from
, ; the Canal sn t would !be unjust and on-
"v orpmt?ihat works which are thus partial
in ineir penents, snouia De general in
their exactiohs." . Mr.5 Speaker, it Will
be seen by what has here been presented;
that tKeJobject of the report vragf to pre-i
Sent to the people of New-York, in, the
shape of aft account of debit and credit
J&tw
iM infeFestsavlewrwhat theostjTand
yielded. And it lS turaeraiweu
Interests pfthie State,' in reference to : the
amount ottolls which ought tobecollect
nnhp Hfti4ft1ill;be:cIearlyfindicaU
edl)y exhibiting an account of -debit arid
creott Deiw,eei
Canals and the" State irom uieu m-
mehcemeiit up totm? ueguimng o uc
hifther temarksai set oft calctilatnjns,
shewing, accoruingiu Mie vcw v
the report, :that the f whole amount of
debt diirgeable to the:;Canals on the nrst
daVfOt January, 1 ou, rwas o
70 The report says .further : But
regarded in ihef most favorable light m
wlflch an V reasonable caculation can place
thAini thecanals havelet done nothing
fnw5f41 ;thi p.xtinmiishment of their
debts 5 and indeed, that they have not
paid the annual interest of that debt, to
gether With the moneys expended upon
them for superinteridance and repairs.
That portion of debt which Jias been ex
tinguished, owes its extinguishment en
tirely to the auxiliary funds, the duties
on salt, on sales at auction, and sales of
lands, &c.
In the Pennsylvania Senate, jan a dui
making further appropriations for roads
and canals, a member, Mr. Seltzer, said,
That the gentleman from the city had
given us an eloquent speech. "But had
sung the old song- a song which he had
sung many times before. There were
some notes, however, that were discord
ant ; there Were some assertions which
were not founded on facts. He had told
us that there were sufficient funds to pay
the interest on our public debt until Feb
ruary, 1831 Now, sir, I deny it I, sir,
am bold to deny it 5 it cannot be shewn
to be true We shall fall short of paying
the interest this year more than three
hundred thousand dollars ! Now, sir,
this old song is nearly worn out. It has
been sung from year to year " give us
more money to extend a little further, and
the canal will be profitable." When the
money has been received, and the exten
sion made, they come here and the song
is sung over again, "give us a nine inure
and it will be profitable." The State has
already expended more than twelve mil
lions of dollars, and not one mile of canal
has been completed, and the gentleman
from the city wants to borrow money to
enter into new; contract, and then borrow
more to pay the interest Such a course,
every one knows, would bring an indivi
dual to ruin 5 and who could doubt, but
that it will bring luin on the Common
wealth." Mr. Speaker, I have said, that in pre
senting these emanations from these two
great States, it was certainly from no
feeling of disrespect, but rather from any
other feeling I have done it, sir, to no
tifr thp Stab? which I have the honor in
part to represent, as well as others, to
take warning by the example and experi
ence of thoie who have gone before them,
into undertakings which, whatever these
States may do, it would be difficult for
others to accomplish. I have quoted these,
documents, and particularly the report
to show, what utter delusion prevails up
on the subject of internal improvement,
not only in the States, but as it is carried
on, or pretended to be,, by the General
Government, and "more particularly to
show the fallacy of the idea of the nation
ality or generality of works and objects
whose principal attribute is that of local
ity of place. Sir, we have heard in this
debate, a great deal about national objects;
but iwnut does the documentary evidence
presented by the Legislature of N. York
teach us ? That the very work which, by
way of excellence, if there is one in the
Union, the; Erie and Champlain Canal, is
entitled pre-eminently to be called, a na
tional work, is yet showti by the report of
the Canal Board to be ones of local cha
racter and interest. Sir, there is not a
greater source of error and mischief than
the improper or equivocal use of language.
It has bee rt said by one of the most able
and talented men ever produced by that
country soiprolific in great men, that
mankind in general are not sufficiently
aware, that words without meaning, or,
of equivocal meaning, are the everlasting
frothV &ofc
.3 -J
Mri Sbeaki Iffrew by esuthmg thfl ffibn'eitheK makes' I
JLii-Lt.-At IthlA nAiurxoi the4tUce"whMetithedatls-are 1
V?Za -iS'il jperfisrriiedt; mgeherit not required 1
The
engines of fraud and inuistice.
wprtls National. American System, Inter
rial Improvements, General Welfare, &c.
are striking instances. As they are fre
quehtly used, they are words of equivo
cat meaning, and have been- used a en
gines productive of immeasurable, I fear
of irremediable injury, to the people of
. I '"f 1 mT " n 1 .
tins country r lhese words, connnea to
their proper use, have a distinct -and ap
propriate meaning or tneir own jjor woras
are the names of things, sir. Words are
things, vou Know. iir. apeaKer, ana mis-
used or abused, they may be made very
wicked and mischievous things But the
word National the National good the
General welfare! Sir, what is National?
Mr. Speaker; it would not be diffi
ciiltVf by at little .logical legerdemain, to
prove inatjany tmng, nowever local or cir
cumscribed in Its character, is national
Thl general welfare is made up of the par
ticular weUare the whole is made up of
its parts. I What is good for the whole is
good for. the parts, and e converse what is
good for the parts is good for the whole.
The nation is made up of individuals
what is gdodXor the nation is good for the
individuals whatts good for theiulivi-
auais must oe gooa lor tne nation ; tnere
fore, every individual advantage mrst be
a ijlatohali adyantageBt it is of ad
yattage to my old neighbor, that his poi
tatoe patch or cornfield should be culti-
i vated, or he should have a ditch cut or a
cowpen made jhis individual advantage
tMttwttoftai and
thentbese bje6bc4iter:litSonal :-oh
jectsi ftnd QUght t haTC an iLpproprhtioa
apprdprtaVioivkm
national? Batthtf gentleman: fromtKenv
tnclcyvlriicperj cu v-
road?sWnati
in connexion witn tne nauonat nveru .
mmkfemnoa to of a
natfonar'rirB
guisli whicftis andfivhich is not Rational
waterwepurse ? As -we have 1i eard otoe
thing about length and breadth, kc, bow
ar we to ascertain, whereV or when, na
tionaiity.beginsV x Sir, ; I hould like to
kribw from the great father waters m the
West,. down to the meanest rill or mud
puddle in N. Carolina, where I used to
catch crawfish when I was achild, how
we are to tell a national water-course from
one that is. not And suppose, according
to the gentleman, Ohio being a national
river,, this road becomes a national road,
because in connexionwith it ; does not
the gentleman perceive, (and I say this in
the same good natured way in which be
made the same remark,) that by the same
rule, every other road or path, that is
connected with it, must therefore belna
tional, and that even a sturgeon living in
it must be a natiofSal sturgeon ? The
same remark was made in regard to the
Cumberland Road, that tternal road
eternal as to money
But, Wv. Speaker, I am extremely obliged to
fh TP-islature of New-York, for the lierht which
it has caused to be thrown upon this subject of
the nationality of locality winch sounds some
thing like a contradiction in terms. But, sir, I
say that if there is any one work of internal im-
provement in the United states, enuuea to uc
called, by way of eminence, a national work, it
is that trulv great work, the Erie and Champlain
Canal. And what does the exposition which
has been made, show ? That even in the esti
mate of the Canal Board, this is a matter of local
interest. And, sir, if the ffreat State of New-
York, an empire within herself, after having
prosecuted with so much energy, and with a
success that, from the very nature of her physi
cal position and adventitious advantages, no o
ther State can use, if she, under all these favor
able circumstance, has yet shown that this stu
pendous work is not only local, but, compared
in its cost and profit, is as yet a losing business ;
I ask, what would be the result with any other
single State, or still worse, with the whoie Unit
ed Statesj. cut up into roads and canals, at such
rates Could the People bear the taxation ?
Ought they to do it ? I do hope that the people
in every State, whose Legislature has plunged
into this system, will cause to be made out an
account of debit and credit, showing precisely
what they pay for the article, and what it yields.
Mr. Speaker, had not the Constitution become
obsolete, except with a few old fashionable pol
iticians, I would say something upon the Consti
tutional question, because some of those who
believe with me on this subject, by appearing to
waive the question, may, subject us unjustly to
the imputation of having; ab mdoned the ground;
.Sir, I have not ; I never shall abandon my prin
ciples on this subject ; and the morv; I reflect on
them, the more firmly must I adhere to them.-
But, sir, I hesitate not to say, that, according to
the practical construction of the Constitution, or
rather the practice of the General Government
for some years past, if the people 'really believe
that they are living under a government of strict
ly limited powers, whatever in its formation it
was intended to be ; 1 have only to say, that I
think them mistaken. That the Government
Was intended by the people of the States, when
they adopted the Constitution, to be one of the
limited andrspecihed powers, I thinfc any one
may satisfy hi inse If, who will consult the contem
poraneous history ot the times. And, sir, I
wish my constituents could now hear me. I
desire that wlr.t 1 say may go out to them. Mr.
Speaker, the friends of internal improvement,
by the General Government, claim the power
principally from four sources ; from the war
power, the power to establish post roads and
post otiices. the power to appropriate money,
and the powers to regulate commerce. From
these sources, they claim the right otthe Gene
ral Government to make roads and-canals, im
prove harbors and rivers, and many other works
within the jurisdictional limits of a State. The
error into which those who derive the powr
over internal improvements, from the war pow
er, is their improperly blending the legislative
and executive functions of the Government in
relation to war. These departments are to be
kept separate and distinct, in this as well as in
other instances. Each has its appropriate part
to perform. The Legislature declares war, the
Executive carries it into execution. It is his du
tv, being by the Constitution the commander-in-
chief, the head of the military establishment.
Military roads, ditches, culverts, the throwing
up breastworks, the occasional taking or using
pr.vate property for public purposes,' are means
necessary Jo the execution of the war power,
they are parts of the war executed by the mil
tary. These are things left to the discretion ot
tne military commanaers, ex necessitate rez jia-
grante beuo, and could not be provided tor by
the legislative department of the Government ;
it results trom the very nature ot war. nut so
soon as the military, is withdrawn, the General
Government has no control" over these things;
they belong where they did before. These op
erations really constitute a partrof the War ; and
to think ot carrying into enect the executive
functions ot tne Government in relation ,to war
in time of peace, would involve the contradic
tun of having war in time of peace. But we al
know that this discretion of Military command
ers, is to be exercised upon their responsibility
to the country ; sind that they are liable for any
improper use or abuse of it.
The Post Office power the power to estab
lish post roads and post offices is so hackneyed
a subject, that but little is required from me
now. Without going into any philological dis
quisitions on the word establish, I will reply on
its ordinary meaning, and resort to precedents.
But unfortunately, and very strangely, prece
dents never seem to be of any use, but for ope
rating agnittst some long established rule ot ac
tion, under which a thousand previous acts are
not permitted to have as much force as one new
act in opposition to that rule. I know not how
many precedents in i .vor.of the practical use of
the word establish to count. But we know,
from the foundation of the Government, until
within a few years, establishing a post "road,
meant the designation by law of some road al
ready made a a mail' route. This has in many
thousand cases, which ought to have the force
or precedent, oeen tne evident meaning ot the,
acts of the Government establishing post roads.
And I give a strong illustration in the case of the
celebrated Cumberland road, which, if: I am
rightly informed, was first made or caused to be
made by Congress, and afterwards, by al sepa
rate ahd distmct act, made; or established. that
is, designated by law, a post road, and the mail
directed td bescartried on U as a mail route, and
so ot any other roacLY Some seem to have a dif
ficulty, because the same word establish is used
in regard to post olfices. But this will, upon a
moment's reflection, he shown to be only pre
scribing by law . the official -duties or , character
01 wmpwuyiauai appomieei postmaster., tjon
Xndi
great deal of room, and, most kfthos who- are
wiiiiacr 10 Denorm uie uuues, uavc soiirc ui-c
ia perform the duty in, or furnish .iufcThe word
estabhsn nas oeen tnereiore, property mterpreveu
by the acts of ,the Government; from Aa i com
mencement) and. if rightly informed, 1 believe
is sa iised;in that country '(Englandj) from
which we received our idea of post office sys:
tern. jrbemoremodern,nd.evidentXy errone
ous interpretation, that establish njeaiis to jnake
pbsf roads and post offices, must be considered
ah:interpdlation;- ' - : J-'i
The appropriating power, the most epnvem
ent for all purposes, is not a new one. ft is the
opinion of Mr. Hamilton revived, I think' In 1823
or 4, because it was perhaps thought more -to
the purpose by some., I" his. report on manu
facture's, oaee 54th. Mr. Hamilton remarks, lt
i thrfnrft of rtpr.sitv left to the discretion of
the national leerislature to pronounce -upon; the
objects which concern the general welfare and
for which, under that description, an appropria
tion of money is requisite and proper. And
there seems to be no room for a doubt that
whatever concerns the general interests of learn
ing, of agriculture; of manufactures and of com
merce, are within the sphere ot tne national
councils, as far as regard an application of mo
ney " -
Mr. Speaker: If Congress can, at its discre
tion, pronounce upon the objects which con
cern the general welfare, and apply ad libitum,
the money of the public to their accomplishment
what is to prevent their exercise of any power
whatever which it may please them to say is for
the general welfare- is a national object ? They
may select any end or object, and use any a
mount of means to arrive at, or accomplish the
purpose. The People intended this to be a go
vernment of limited powers, but, Mr. Speaker,
it, really, Congress is left to its own discretion as
to the objects, with unlimited use of the means
the government is as sovereign nnrl imperial us
the-autocracy ofKussia or Turkey.' 1 ask what is
the difference between unlimited power, ami .n
unlimited use of the means to accomplish what
ever objects the discretion of the ' government
may select or point out? What is power, but
the usejof the means to accomplish any thing ?
Means in use are power de facto, real, practical
power.
The power to regulate commerce :s one of the
main sources from which the power to make in
ternal improvements within the jurisdictional li
mits of the States, by, making roads and canals,
improving, or, I suppose, making harbors, break
waters, improving rivers, &c. is claimed. This
subject, sir, comes more nearly home to me,
and to the people I represent ; and, sir, Iam
about to resort to high authority the very high
est, m the estimation 01 sonie even the sovereign
an fribesLis to m.''- .--'
l0? letted hwve
lwrrqUoHt hoe, qt H
subjecvis nots lertl andKEfcTi the
Alid, 'sir, is there Fuknh!&
hardihood to say thatah Z .w,l
rrW m.v. nave
right .to make internal iproveS"'"
thwr;jursdtctionar limits ? nJ .eots wi-j, '
not follow, from the very n.-i.0 !f W .
Lof tbis Oovernment, that Consn.i ?e-lfwe
the thine- s sftlf-ev'.dn wm'ot
V-.u. " 1 - 1 ne truth
both governments :. ,s
nlnarw iivrolalinn i ..... '
jects appropriately and cfristiti;..k
-1 rnrtnmilti(t hv t) CntTo,...:L ly
rv me r eopie. ise.th prover -
he sovereign power; tbey are both Rl M
to the acful sovereignty which is in ?
pie. 5Mr. Speaker if the power to N
means the power to m -ke comme-ce xh,
of its pttrts or adjuncts, we shall w
arrive at very straoge results. And if ,v
this power we are to make .n "uer
Sir
harbors, &c. we must go on and by th
rule, make wharves, piers, drays, whrtl-s
and merchant's w, rehouses, as wn a1ri",
and large vessels to facilitate commere.
nn-ruc, 111 us Hitrruweu - KigiUnC&tmn
exchange of equivalents : buCtheri
things and circumstances so closely' anci ; r,r
arably connected with it, that they becon
it were, parts of it, or at least, adjuncts wiH
which it could not get oii, and the alSobt
subjects for regulation, but regulat'io has?
shown not to mean: f ibrieaUon orcnue-,.., 8
1 11c Vj'iici juMiu- savit, spending of th
tion laws, 1 iiey
form
a nortion nf
I ? ' . 1 . "
njfiise muss or itnsijiiinn urnir omk...
imng witnin tne territory of a' State not
uered to the General Government
can be most
exercised b
ITS
tver
all ttliiv.
power, in their estimation
but, sir, not quie
so high, in my opinion as that. No, sir 5 not
quite the sovereign power, but yet very high alid
respectable authority. 1 mean the Supreme
Court. In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, the
Chief Just ice, in delivering the opinion of the
Court, after some preliminary observations, says,
" We are now arrived at the inquiry -What is
this power ? It is the power to regulate, that is,
to prescribe the ride by which commerce is to be
governed. This power, likeail others vested in
Congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised
to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limi
tations other than are prescribed in the i -Const i
on." He continues, " If, as has always been
understood, the sovereignty of Congress, though
tmited to specihed objects, is plenary as to those
objects, the power over commerce with foreign
nations, and among the several States, is vested
in Congress as absolutely as it would be in a sin
gle government, having in its 'constitution, the
same restrictions on the exercise of the pow
er as are found in the Constitution of the tfni.
ted States." The word sovereignty, annlied
here to Congress, if understood as it f requently
is, I do not approve of. Congress i not the so-
1
vereign power of the country, but a mere agen
cy, with powers plenary quoad hoc over parti
cular subjects, and in this sense the word should
be underwood here. Mr. Sneaker. 1 berfectlv
agree with the opinion of the Court in the doc
trine here laid down of the plenary nature, and
completeness of all the legitimate constitutional
powers of this government. And sir, I, for one,
would rot diminish one iota, nor in the smallest
;e take from, or diminish the powers ei
ther of the General or Sta te authorities : but.
keeping each within its proper sphere, I would
adopt the old adage of suum cuique Iributo. But,
Mr. Speaker; does not every one perceive that
this doctrine, heing sound and truly drawn, as I
say it is, trom one ot the plainest parts ofthe
Constitution, that it is at once destructive ofthe
claim of this government to make internal im
provements within the States ? The Chief Justice
proceeds, after some other remark ' The ap
pellant, conceding these postulates, except the
last, contends that full power to regulate a par
ticular subject implies the whole power, & leaves
no residuum ; that a grant of the whole is incom
patible with the existence of a right in another
to any part of it. On the margin we have the
following condemnation of the context to which
it is connected-' The power to regulate com
merce, so far as it extends, is exclusively vested
in Congress, and no part of it can be exercised'
by a State." Now sir, what is the commerce,
the regulation of which has been given to Con
gress ? It is commerce " with foreign nations,
among the several States, and with the Indian
tribes." This is the commerce to be reculated.
Leonstituting one subject whole ancl, entire, iotus,
teres atpie rotanaus. I he power of Congress
over it is commensUfrate with the subject ; it is
full and complete, and consequently exclusive,
as I say all the appropriate powers of Congress
are. Sir it follows from the very nature of
things, that if the po-.ver is plenary, it is neces
sarily exclusive, and cannot of necessity be con
current, or participant, or conjointly with ano
ther. Sir. I have once before advanced the doc
trine here, & I think truly, that properly speak
ing, there are no concurrent powers between
ine nenerai ana state l.eislaturear a.,.
ments. Even the power of taxation, which seems
to be so considered by some, I find no difficulty
with Mr. Speaker : there are nnwm tn hp
ercised by both very similar, but this may be
remarked in regard to other Governments.
Take, for instance, the subject of taxation : it
is not only similar in its mode of application," and
exercise in this country and Great-Britain, but it
is a known fact, that some ofthe very identical
articles which yield a tax in England, afterwards
also yield a tax here ; but would any one under
take to say, therefore, that the two governments
are joint agencies ? The two governments exer
cise similar powers, each within its own sphere,
but not as copartners, or concurrent agencies.
" Congress is authorised to lay and collect taxes
&c. to pay the debts and provide for the com
mon defence and general welfare of the United
States." But the Court savs. Thi An
interfere wth the power Of the State to tax for
uiciiiori m ineir own governments ; nor is
the exercise of that power by the States, an ex
ercise of any portion of the powerhat is grant
ed tothe United States. In imposing taxes for
State puTposes,they arendt doing what Congress
is empowered to do. , Congress is hot empower
ed to t ax for those purposes which are within the
exclusive province of the States. vvk- kU,
eachgoprnmentexercises the power of taxation
ueither irexerching the power of the other.'
.kT u.suncx ana separate,
though simiUr powers;, and so of the power to
regttkte comtoercc fthat is, the pow is pro
perly leaned bv the Court, to make legal tStes
g,oiMwhicc
l - ,t - ; -
advMntxtrpoiiktv
y-j --ioicu hi .1 -
States themselves Inspection 1 .iws, . quara.,;
laws, health l ws of every descriniin., "' 'l,e
I ,.1..a:al. ,u .-..a.. . vt!i
as ...wsj 11,1 iiuohiij uic uucrntii cftntntercf of
state, ann mose wui.cn respect turnpike r6 V
1 w..i: i- 1 :.. . .. "'iss
1 utiles, ai, mis iuau, we ar.i upon now
be a turnpike road. '
Mr Speaker, I think this power has heen.
understood The exercise;of the nnwr
Government in reerard to internal imn,.,..
Vknc Kaon ainlantlu r m a . . t . J
proper bounds and authority. Sir, j ni a'
, ...i.. j. uu llX t!ilrL
vywic ..v mates to ex
cise those municipal rights which the Peoie"
served' to themselves or their local i leirislltr
win vuiy iiiiuu c inc iiuusc Wun OCie nlli
..: 1 ...1 j: .1.. . . -"f
iryiucnuc, wiiiui is iinetuy to lue point. f!'
sir, is from the declaration of rights of Nof?
Carolina, which is a part of the Constitutor'
tn.t Claia iTl..it ..11 r..: .1 i. . ,
inai umibi "im JMill.tl j'U W er IS Vejtff)
in cc aenvea Trom tne y eopie only. Tnat th
People of this State ought to have'the sole il
exclusive right of regulating the internal
ment and p(dice thereof." Sir, I will "tnmhl.
the House no longer.
To
1
1
1
1
5
MANA(iERSOFflCE
Richmond, Va.
be drawn in Philadelphia, on Saturday, th
r.l. i '
OTivjune.
Prize of 820,000 is 30,000
, 10,000 10,000
2; 500 2,500
1,500 1,500
" 5,000 1,000
Tickets g5, Halves 2 50, Quarters I fi,
mm OOOOOmm- .
Dismal Nvamp CanaA,
JSo. 1,
To be drawn. on Friday, the 11th June.
1 Prize of 25,000 is 825,000
1 5000 1 5,000
1 2.500
1 - 1,500 1.500
' 5 1,000 5,000
Besides &50( 400, 30000, 100, &c
Tickets $5, Halves 2 50, Quarters 1
Orders tor Tickets promptly attended to.-
Auuress
YATES & M'INTYRE, ,
Richmond, Va.
(Cj" Where the following Splendid Prizes but
been sold and paid within a short time :
1 12 27, ' $30,000,
2 43 53, 10,000,
24 32 42, 10,000,
29 44 54, ; 4,000,
besides many others.
': YATES & M'INTYRE,
MANAGERS' OFFICE.
Drawing of Dismal Swamp Lottery, No. 5:
48 10 35 51 45 38 28 59 27 19.
Drawing of the Union Canal Lottery No. 8;
12 18 2 53 21 36 25 7 .56.
2 12 18, the Capital of $25,000,
21 36 53, do. 10,000.
The $10,000 owned in Richmond, and soldi?1
the Managers' Office
YATES & M'INTYRE,
- , - , M a n agers.
Gold Mines, Lands, Negroes, &c.
mmmmm mmmm
' flMIE Subscriber wishing to remove from tle
I. neighborhood," offers for sale his valuable
Plantation, four miles west of Charlotte. The
tract contains 282 acres of land, a large part of
which is as good as any in Mecklenburg county;
about 100 acres art- first, second and third crop
ground, of the best quality. The plantation
nearly adjoins ft he celebrated Capps' Gold Miw
and the opinion seems to -be well founded tint
Gold abounds in two hills particularly 0" the
plantation ; a branch runs through it tor of
mile, which, it is thought by men of judgment
is as rich in the precious metal as any "f lI)e
Burke Mines. There is also on he planta
good Water Power, and an excellent MiH-S
for mining operations, alsoa DweliMighouse,t
Barns, Stables & other necessary out. build"1?4
Also, 20 or 25 likely young Neqjoes for sale
or a part of them, such as may not wish to foU"f
me. ' :;?. .
Any person desirous, o purchasing, cane
and view the premises t or enquire of Mr.
J. Dinkins or DrJ. Boyd, of Charlotte,
a description, &c." '"'
f ESTILL. BOSTWICK.
Charlotte, N. C. March 59; 1830.
NOTICE.
' pUE Sale pf Absalom" Yancey's
I Plantation, in Granville county,
ix or louu aeres Ind.' will dosi
Tar RiTr
contain'
tlvely
w acres vr jana. . wiu pw"1" ' .r
place on the first Monday of next month
in the town of Oxford.. Also, his Interest m
Father's Estate. Terms made known on
day.; '.;.-. H. MILLER, Trusty
-- MayU,lo0t.a,4 . ; Jj-
- , State Bank bN. Carolina,
f ' : 'Jtakigh,
RESOLVED,That a Dividend of two r
cent, on the Capital took of this B"
ind the same is tereby declared for the
year, payable at the Principal Bank on W A
the7th of June, and aUhe several Br ncD
teen day thereafter. , n -hief.