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Oar case is a sate one ni dp;oui.wiui-
iifoilj adheretl to. Acqytescencc in me-
ioriy,andie exercise of that will lira
t snint of raile ration, justice, and brother.
1 -!uch-: woilfttforevwr prciettt our Unon.
i ihctt luWrfcerish and inculcate senti
eryi:e to-their country , WUtthf
Avha'seek to weaken thMr inHuenofev rt
however conscientious anVl praUfthy
their:intenUonit.in effect U Wrtt
TP InUllln ai Tin l&HUet W
couniry,1 instead of laboring o tojnent
sectional prejudices, to b mie
:iet-t61!party vrartar eAiui
faith: nh i(Ml to the tradkatwn eui
of local discontent, bjr the iwpwfnt
ofioan institutions apd bj !cdttm$
their adaptations to the conditioti of thfe
tii4 tins task would prove oneof luit
ficui tjM May we not hope that the obvious
interests of our common country, and the
dictates of an enlightened patriotism. will,
in the end, lead the public mind in that
direction " V. ?
After all, the nature of the subject
does not admit of a plan wholly free from
objection. j That which ha for some time
been in oration is, perhaps, the worst
Jjjat could exjst ; and every advance f that
" can te matle in its improVement is a mat-.
ter eminently worthy. of your most deh
n berate attention . . '
' ; It is very possible that one better cal
culated to efect iheobjtxt in view, may,
yet be deviseil.'Uf so, it is to be hoped that
those who disapprove of the past, and
dissent from what is proposed for the fu
ture will feel it theirdutyao direct thnr
attention to it, as they must be sensible
that, unless Some fixed rule for the action
of the Federal government in this, respect
is estahshfd, the course now attempted
. to be arretted will be again resorted to.
Anv mode which is calculated to give the
greatest degree of effect and harmony to
oUr lezislatirin' upon the subject which
cK11 cprvp to keen the movements of
ih - Ft-rfpral Government within the
ignhere intended by thoe who modelled
' and those swho adopttd it which shall
lead to the extinguishment of the national
debt in tl?e shortest period, ana impose
the lioWst burdens unon our constitu
ents, shall recejive from me a cordial and
firm support.
Among the objects of great national con
cenu I cannot omit to press again upon
.your attention that part of the Constitution
which Vejmiates the election of President
and Vice President. The necessity for
. it3 amendment is made so clear to my
mind by the observation of its evils and
by the many able discussions which they
have elicited on the floor of Congress ana
elsewhere, that I should be wanting to my
duty were I to. withhold another expres
sion of my deep solicitude upon the sub
ject. Uur system fortunately contem
plates a recurrfence to first principles,
differing, In this respect, from all that
have preceded it, and securing it, I trust,
equally against the decay and the com
motions Which have marked the progress
of other Governments,, OUr fellow ?citi-
zenstoot' who, in proporjtion to their Jove
of liberty, keep a steady eye upon the
means of sustaining it, do not require to
be reminded of the duty they owe to
themselves to remedy all essential de-
fects in; so, vital a part of their system.
v nue iney are sensime xnai every evu ai-
lenaantupon us operation is noxneeessari
ly indicative of a bad organization, bu
' may proceed from temporary causes, yet
me ! namtuai presence, or even a single m-
itance pt eils which can be traced to an
organic defect, will not,. I trust, be over
looked jthrough a too scrupulous veneration
for the work of their ancestors The Con
stitution was an experiment , committed
tq the Virtue and intelligence of the, great
mass of Qur countrymen, in! whose ranks
the framers of it theinsel ves were to perform
the part of patriotic observation and scru
,tiny, and if they have passed from the
stage of existence with an increased con -fitfence
in its general adaption toour con-
; dition, we should learn from authority so
high the4 duty of foiiifying iie points
in it which time proves to be exposed, ra
ther, than be deterred from approaching
them by the suggestions of fear) r or the
- dictates of misplaced reverence.
, A provision which does not-secure to
the people a direct choice of our Chief
Magistrate, but has a. tendency to defeat
their will; presented to my mind such an
inconsistency with the general, spirit; of
uur msui-uuons, max i was maucea to
suggest for your consideration the substi
tute which appeared to me at. the sdme
s time the most likely to correct the evil &
to meet the views of our constituents. -r
- lne most mature reflection, sipce has add
ed strength to the belief, that the best in
terests of oUr country require the speedy
adoption of some plan - calculated to ef
fect mis end, A continsncv which some
times places it in the power of a simrle
member of the House of Representatives
to decide an election of so high and sbl
, emn a character, is uniust to the neonle.
and becomes, when it occurs, a source of
t emhaiTassment to the individual thus
brought into power, and a cause of dis
trust of the representative bodv. Liable
as the confederacy is, from its great ex
tent, to parties founded on sectional in?
r terests, and to a corresponding mnltinli
cation of candidates for thes presidency,
the tendeucy of the. constitutional refer
ence to the Hou se of Representatives, is.
to devolve the election upon that body in
almost everv instance. nH. wdn
. ; - r : 7 7 " u.vw
choice may then be mde among the can?
Qiaates mus presented to them, tq swell
the influence of particular interests to
a degree inconsistent ; with the general
good, The consequpnce,s oi inis ieaxure
of tlie constitution appear iar more uireai
ening to the peace and integrity the U
nidfi, than any which I can conceive as
likely to result fom the simple legislative
action of the Federal Government. , 0
,It waa a, leading object wjith the framers
of'tha Constitution,to, keen as separate as
possible thi action! of the Legislative and
Rxccutive branches of the Government
To seciiref this object, nothing is ! more es
sential than to preserve the - former! from
the temntatidns of private interest, and,.
rthereforeso to direct! the patronage of
the latter as not to permit such tempta
tion y offered. ; Experience abun
antl demonstrates that evert precaution
in this respect isa valuable safeguard of li
bertvv and one wliich my reflections upon
the tendencies of our -system , incline me
to think should be made still stronger. -
It was for this reason that, in connexion
tvith&n amendment of the Constitution,re
moving all mtermediateagencyin the choice
hi tn iTesiuenu r recomraeaueu some
toxtrtrtinnsi unfrn the re-eliflribility of that
ofiicei and upon the tenure ot omces gen
erally. The ! reason 'still exists ; and .1
renew the) recommendation with an in-
craiaed confidence, tnat its adoption win
strengthen ihosc checks by which the Con
stitution desisrned to secure tne1i muepen
dence of each department of the Govern
ment, and promote the healthful and e
quitable administration of all the trusts
which it has created, x he agent most
ikel v to contravene h this design ot the
Constitution is the Chief Magistrate. In
tj
order, particularly, that his appointment
may, as far as possible, be placed beyond
the reach ot anv imnrouer mnuences : in
order that he mar approach the solemn re
. . i . ' . ; i . . . -
sponsiDiuues oi me rognesi oiucc in uic
gift of a free people, j unco imitted to any
other course than thej strict line: of con
stitutional duty ; and that, the securities
for this independence may be rendered as
strong as the nature ot power and the
weakness of its possessor, will admit, !
cannot too earnestly invite your attention
to the propriety of promoting such an a
mendment of the Constitution as will ren
der him ineligible after one term of ser
vice.f
It srives me pleasure to announce to
Congress thatthe benevolent policy of the
Government, steadily pursued for nearly
thirty years, in relation to the removal of
the Indians beyond the white settlements,
is appror.chiuff to a happy consummation.
t wo lmnortant tribes have accepted the
provision made for their removal at last
session of Congress : and it is believed
that their example ; will induce the re
maining tribes, also, to seek the same
obvious advantages.! ,
The consequences of a speedy removal
will be important to the United States,
to individual States, and to the Indians
Jhemselves. The pecuniary advantages
which it promises o the Government are
the least of its recommendations. It puts
an end to all possible danger ot collision
between the authorities of the General
and State Governments, on account of the
Indians. It wilt place a dense and civil
ized population in large tracts of country
now occupied by a few savage hunters.
By opening the whole territory between
Tennessee on the north, and Louisiana
on the south, to the settlement of the
white?,4t will incalculably strengthen the
southwestern frontier, and render the ad
jacent States strong enough to repel fu
ture invasion without 'remote aid. . It will
relieve the whole State of Mississippi, and
tie western part of Alabama, of Indian
occupancy, and enable those States to ad
vance rapidly in population, wealth, and
power. ; It will separate the I ndians from
I immediate contacts with settlements of
whites ; tree them j from the power ot the
States j enable them to pursue happiness
in their own .way and under their own
rude institutions1; will retard the pro
gress of decay, which is lessening their
numbers ; and perhaps causcthem gradur
ally, under the protection of the Govern
ment, and through the infljuence of good
counsels-to cast on their ' savage habits,
and tecomc an interestingj eivilized, and
Christian community. ,1 hese consequen-
ces, some of theni: so certain, and the rest
so probable, -make the complete execution
ot the plan sanctioned Dy uongress at their
last session an object ot much- solicitude.
Toward the aborigines ot the countrv,
no one can indulge, a more irienoiy ieei-
ing than myself, or would go further in
attempmg tp reclaim them tromjLheir wan
dering habits and make them a happy and
prosperous people, l have endeavored to
impress upon thpm. my own solemn con
victions of the duties, and powers of the
Generar Government in relation to the
State authorities. For the justice of laws
passed by the States within, the spope of
their reserved powers, they are nqt re
sponsible to this .Government. As indi
viduals, we may entertain and express
our opinions of their acts ; but, as a Go
vernment, we have as little right to con
trol them as we have to prescribe laws to
foreign nations. : ,
With a full understanding of the , sub
ject, . the Choctaw- and Chickasaw tribes
have, .with great )iinanimity,determined to
il ' 1 l St i-i i tv
avail xnemseives ioi tne UDeai oners pre
sented to them by the act of Congress,
and have agreed to move beyond the Mis
sissippi river. Treaties have been made
with them, which, iii due season, will be
submitted for consideration. In negotia
ting these treaties, they were made tp un.-
u er stand cneir true cQituuon ; ana they
have preferred maintaining their indepen
dence in the western forests to submitting
to the laws ol the States ; in which ' they
now reside, These ; tfsaties being proba
bly the last whichll; ever be made with
them, are characterize I by great liberali
ty on the part of the G vernment They
giye the Indians a liberal sum in' consi-
deration of rmeir removaI,r and Icotnforta-
ble subsistancebh their arrival at their
hew homes. Jf itVbe theit teainierest
to maintain' a separate existence, tney
will there be a,t liberty to, do so .with-,
out the inconveniences and; vexations to
which they wpuld nnavoidablhavebeen
subject to in lAtabaha and Mississippi.
' Humanity has, often wept byef :vthe,fate
of the 'abongined,.of .this countand phi-
lanthropjy has been long ousiiy employed
in devisingeans oaveit it. But its
progress has neve for a.moment been ar
rested;, and one py one nave many pow
erful tribes disappeared from the: earth)
To follow tothe tomb the last ofhis race,
and to tread on the graves of extinct na-
tions. excites melancholy renecnons.
But, true philanthropy reconciles themind
to these vicissitudes, as it does to the ex
tinction of one generation to make, room
for. another. 'In the monuments and for
tresses of an unkno wn people, spread o
ver the extensive' regions of the, West, we
behold the memorials of a once powerful
race, which was exterminated, or has dis
appeared, to make room for the existing
savage tribes. Nor is there any things in
this, which, upon a comprehensive view
of the general interests of the human race,
is to be regretted. Philanthropy could
not wish to see this continent restored to
the condition in which it was found by
our forefathers. What good man would
prefer a country covered with forests and
ranged by a few (thousand savages to our
extensive republics studded with cities,
towns, and prosperous farms, embellished
with all the improvements which art can
devise, or industry execute ; occupied by
more than twelve millions of happy peo
ple, and filled with all the blessings of
liberty, civilization and religion. .t.
The present policy of the Government is but
a continuation of the same pTogre$siv- change,
by a mildeT process. The tribes which occup ed
the countries now constituting ' the Eastern
States were annihilated, or have melted away to
make room for the whites. The waves of po
pulation and civilization are rolling to the West
ward; and we now propose to Hcqure the coun
tries occupied by the red men of the South and
West, by fair exchange, and, at the. expense
of the U States, to send thm to h land where
their existence may be prolonged, ami perhaps
made perpetual. Doubtless it will be painful
to leave the graves of their fathers ; but what
do they more than our ancestors d:d, or than our
children are now doing ? To better th ir. con
dition in an unknown land, our forefather? h-ft
all that was dear in earthh objects. Our chil
dren, by thousands, yearly le.ve' the land of
Their birth, to seek new homes in distant re
gions. Does humanity weep at these painful
separations from every thing, nnimute and inanimate,-
with which the vouip heart has become
entwined? Far from it. It is rather a source
of joy that our country affords scope where our
young population my range unconstrained in
body or in mind, developing the power and fac
ulties of niBn in their highest perfect j ns. These
remove hundreds, and almost thousands of miles.
at their own expense, purchase the lands they
occupy, and support thm,elves ;t then? new
home from the moment of their arrival. Can it
be cruel in this Government, when, by events
which it cannot control, the Indian is made dis
contented in his ancient home, to purchase his
lands, to give him a new and extensive territo
ry, to pay the expense ofhis removal,, and sup
port him a year in his new nbode ? How many
thousands of our own people would gl.dly 'em
brace the opportunity of removing to the Wet
on such conditions If the otters made to tne
dians were extended to them, they would be
hailed wiih gratitude and joy.
. And is it suppost d that the wandering savage
has a stronger attachment to his home, than. the
settled c vilized Christian ? Is it more afflicting
to him to leave the graves of his fathers, than it
is to our brothers and chil iren ? Rightly consi
dered, the policy of the Geqeral Government to
wards the red man, s not only lioeral, but gen
trou. He is unwilling to submit to i he, laws of
he States, and mingle iyi their population.
To saye him from this alternative, or perhaps
utter "annihilation, the General Government
kindlr offers him a new home and proposes to
pay the whole expense of his removal and set
tlement
Iri the consummation of a policy originating at
an early period, and steadily pursued bv every
administration within the present century so
just to the States, and o genrous to the Indi
ans, the Executive feels it has it right to expect
the co-operation i f Congreg-., and of all good and
disintereste.l men. The States, moreover, have
a right to demand.it. It was substantially a part
of the compact which made rhem members of
jour confederacy. With Georgia, there is an ex
press contract,: with the new States, an i,mphed
one, of equal obligation Wny, in authorising
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, M ssouri, Mississippi and
Alabama, to form CoDsvi'utions, and becom se
parate Slates, did Congress include within their '
limits extensive tracts of Indian lands, and in
some Instances, powerful Indian tribes Was if
not understood by both parties, that the power
of the States was to be co-extensive with their
limits, and thnt, ' wi h all convenient despatch,
the General Government should 'exiinuish the
Indian title, and remove every obstruction to the
complete jurisdiction of the State Governments
over the soil ? Probably not one of (hose States
would .have accepted a separate existence cer
tainly if would never have been granted by Con
gress -had it been understood that they were to
be confined forever to those small portions of
their: nominal territory, the Indian title towhich
had at the time been extinguished.
; It is, therefore, a duty which this Government,
owes to the new States, to extinguish, as soon
as possible, the Indian title to ail lands which
Congress themselves have included within their
limits: When this is done, ; the duties of the
Geneifal Government in relation to the States
and Indians within their limits are" at an end.--The
Indians may leave the State or not, asthey
choose. ' The purchase of their lands does not
alter, in the least, their personal relations'" with
the State GoVernment. No act of the General
Government has ever been deemed necessary
to give the States jurisdiction oyer the persons
of the Indians. ' That they possess, by, virtue of
their sovereign power within their own .'Jimits,
in as full a manner before as after the purchase
of-the Indian lands ; nor can 1 his Government
add to or diminish it. ' 1 ' ,l
May we not hope, therefore, that all good ci
tizens, and none nope zealously than those who
think the Indiana oppressed by subjection to
the laws of the States, will unite in attempting
jto open the eyes of tljoa children of the forest
vo meir rrue conauion, ana, oy a spceay remo
val, to relieve them from, the evils, real or ima
ginary present or prospeptiye, with which they
may be supposed'tp be threatened.
Among the numerous causes of congratula
tion, the condition of our impost revenue deV
serves special mention, inasmuch as it promises
I the means of extinguishing the public debt
sooner man was anucipaiea, ana iirnisnes a
strong illustration of the practical effects of the
present tariff upon our commercial interests. :
Tlve object of the tariff Is objected to py some
as uriconstitutioni.1 1 and it 13 considered by at
most all as detective in many oi ns pans.
The power 6 Impose duties on, imports ori
guially belonged to the several States. The
right to Adjust those duties Vitb a . Viewto;the
encouragement of domestic branches of indus
try is so completely incidental to that power,
that if is difficult to suppose the existence of
the one without1 the pther The : States have
delegated their whole authority over imports to
the General GoveVhment, without limitation or
restriction, saving the jverjr inconsiderable res
em tioh relating to their inspection laws. This
authority having thus entirety passed fom the
States, the tight to exeicise it for the purpose
of protection does not exist in them : and, con
sequen'tly, if it be not possessed by thp General
Government, it must be extinct. Ojir political
system would thus present the anomaly of'te
people stripped of the right to foster their own,
industry, and to counteract the most selfish and
destructive policy which might be adopted by
foreign nations. This surely cannot be the case;
this indispensable power, thus surrendered by
the States, must be within the scope of the au
thority on the subject expressly delegated to.
Congress.
In this conclusion. I am confirmed as well
by the opinions of President Washington,
Jefferson: Madison, and Monroe, who have
each repeatedly recommended the exercise of
thu right under the Constitution, as by the u
niform practice of Congress, the continued ac
quiescence! of the States, and the general un
derstanding of the people. .
The difficulties of a more expedient adjust
ment of the present tariff, although great, are
tar from beiner insurmountable. Some are un?
willing tp improve any of its parts, because
they would destroy the whole: others fear to
touch the objectionable parts, lest those they
approve should be jeopardied. I am persuaded
that the advocates of these conflicting viewV do
injustice to the American people, and to their
Representatives. The general interest ot each:
and my confidence is entire, that to ensure tne
adoption of such modifications ot tne tantt as
he genernl interest requires, it is only necessa
ry that that interest should be understood.
It is an infirmity of our nature to mingle our
interests and Dreiudices with the operation of
reasoning powers, and attribute to the objects of
our likes and dislikes qualities they do not pos
sess, and effects they cannot produce. , vhe ef
fects of the present tariff are doubtless oterra-
ted,both in its evils and its advantages. By one
class of reasoners, the reduced price of cotton
and ot her agricultural products is ascribed whol
ly to its influence, and by another, the reduced
price of manufactured articles. The probabil
ity is, that neither opinion approaches the truth.
and th ..t both are induced by that influence of
int rest6 and prejudices to which I have refer
red. The decrease of prices extend- through
out the commercial world, embracing not only
the raw material and the manufactured article,
but provisions and lands. The cause must,
therefore, be deeper and more pervading than
the tariff of the United States. It may, in a
measure, be attributable to the increased value
of the precious metals, produced by a diminu
I tion of the supply, and an increase in the de-
mand : while commerce has rapidlv extended
itself, and population bas augmented. The sup
ply of gold and silver, the general medium of
exchange, nas.beengre itly interrupted by ci
vil convulsions in the countries from which they
are principally drawn. A part of the effect, too,
is doubtless owing to an increase ot operatives
and improvements in machinery. But, on the
whole, it is questionable whether the reduction
in the price of lands, produce, and manufact
ures has been greater than the appreciation of
the standard of value.
While the chief object of duties should be re
venue, they may be so adjusted as to encourage
manufactures. In this adjustment, however, ii
is the duty of the Government to be guided by
the general good. Objects of national impor
ts nee, done, ought to be protected of these
the productions of our soil, our mines, and our
workshops, essential to national defence, occu
py the first rank. Whatever other species of
domestic industry, having the importance to
which I have referred, may be , expected, after
temporary protection, to, compete with foreign
labor on equal terms, merit the same attention
in a subordinate degree-
The pr sent tariff taxes some of the comforts
of life unnecessarily high ; it undertakes to pro
tect interests, too local and minute, to justify a
general exaction j and it also attempts to force
home kinds of manufac-ures, for which the Coun
try is not ripe. Much relict will be derived, in
some of these respects, from the measures of
ast session.
The best, as well as fairest, mode of deter
mining whether, from any just considerations, a
particular interest ouht to receive protection,
would be to submit the question singly for de
liberation. If, after due examination of its me
rits, unconnected with extr meous considerations
such as a desir to sustain a general system,
or to purchase support f r a different interest
it should enlist in its, favor, a majority of the
Representatives of the people, ther can be tit
tle danger of wrong or injury in adjusting the
tariff, with reference to its protective effect
If this obviously just prin iple. were "honestly
adhered to, the brandies of industry which de
serve protection would be saved from the pre
judice excited against them, when that protec
tion torm part ot system by which portions
of the country , feel, or conceive themselves to
be oppressed. What is incalculably more im
portart, the vital principle of our system, that
principle-which requires acquiescence in the
will of the majority would be secure from the
discredit and danger to which it is exposed by
the acts of majorities, founded, not , on identitv
n . ' i . , . ... . :
oi conviction, Dui on comoinations ot small mi
norities, entered into for the purpose of mutu
al assistance in measures which, resting solely
u. their own merits, could never be carried.
I am well aware, that this is a subject of so
much delicacy, on account, of the extended in
terest it involves, as torequire that it should be
touched with the utmost caution ; and that while
an abandonment of the policy in which it origi
nal ea a ponqy coeval yyun our tiovernment,
and pursued through successive administrations,
is neither to be expected or desired, the people
have a right to demand, and have demanded.
that it be o modified as. to correct abuses and
obviate injustice. ' -
.'That our deliberations on this interesting sub
ject should be uninfluenced by those , part izah
tuimiuis mai aic liiciaeni to iree insiiiuuons, is
ths fervent wish of my 'heart. To make this
great question, which unhappily so much divides
and excites the public mind, subservient tot he
short-sighted views of faction, must destroyTall
nope ot seining 11 sanstactoniy to tne greatody
of the pecple and for tliegeqeral interest. iS f
cannot, therefore on taking leaye of the subject,
too earneSUy for my own feelings or the com
mon good, warn you against the blighting qoh
sequences of such a course. ,
According to the estimates of the Treasury
Department, the receipts into the treasury dur
ing the present year will amount to twenty-four
mdlions one hundred and iixty-one thousand &
eighteen dollar which willlexceed by about
three hundred thousand dollars the estimate pre
sented in the last annual report of the Secretary
ot the Treasury. The total'expenditOTf riiig
the year, exclusive of public debt, is estimated
at thirteen millions seven hundred and fdrtytwo
thousand three hundred and eleven doilars ind
the payment on account of public debt ior the
same period will have been eleven millions three
hundred. and fiftv-four thono,ifli ,tfAA
thirty dollars ; leaving a balance in the treasury
: on the first of January, 1831, of tour mUlwns
eight hundred and mneteenlhousand seven hun
dred and eighty-one dollars. ;
. .In connexion with the. condition of our finan-
ces,it affords me pleasure tojremark th'at judi-
cious and efficient arrangements have been made
by the Treasury Apartment for securing the
pecuniary responsiouuy ,oi uic,puoiic ujicr,
and the more punctual paymeiit of .th" publip
dues. The revenue cutter service has been or
ganized, and .placed on a good footing ; and,
aided by an increase of f inspectors at' exposed
points, and the regulations adopted underme
act of May , 1830, for the inspection and appraise
ment of merchandize,' have produced much im
provement in the execution of ther fawsj & more
security against the com mission of frauds iipdn
the revenud.ibuses in the allowance for fish-;
ing counties have also been corrected, .and a man
terial saving in that branch, of the seryife, there
by effected. In addition to these imorovements,
the system of expenditure for si ct seamen be-,
viongmg to tne mercnant service nas ocen rcvi
ed ian 1, bybeing rendered unirorm an econo
rrivcal, the benefits of the ftnd applicable to this
object have been usefully; extended. I 4
The prosperity of our country is also further
evinced by the increased revenue arising from
the saleof public lands;, a '.will appear from the
report of xthe Commissioner of tjid General Land
Office, an4 the documents accompanying, . it,
which are herewith transmitted. I ber leave to
draw yourjUtention to this report, and to the
propriety f making early3appropriation for the
obiects which it specifies. , 1.1 . -;
Your attention is aerain invited to- the subiects
connected with that portion .of the public inte-
. .. - ' . w n I M
resis enirustea 10 tne war uepanmeni., aorne
of them were referred to in my former message
and they are presented in detail in the report of
tne secretary oi war, nerewim suomurea. -1 re
fer you also to the report of t natf officer for
knowledge of the state of the Armv, fortificati
ons, arsenals, and Indian affairs ; : all of which, it
will be perceived, have been guarded wi h zea
lous attention and care. "It is, worthy-' 6f your.
consideration wnetner tne armaments necessary
for the fortifications on bur : maritime frontier,
which are now, ; or shortly witl be, completed,
should not be in readiness sooner than the cus
tomary appropriations will enable the Depart
ment to provide them. This precaution seems
to be duf'tb the"s general system of fornticatjo.i
which has been sanctioned by Congress, and is
recommended by that maxim of wisdom which.
tells usm peace to prepare tor war
I refer you to the report of the Secretary of;
the iNavy.tora mjrnly satisfactory account ot the
manner in which the concerns of that Depart
ment have been conducted during the present
year, ! Our position in relation to the most pow-j
ertul nations ot the earth, and the present con
dition of Europe, admonish us to cherish this
arm df our national defence with peculiar care.
Separated by w;de seas from ail those Govern
ineuts whose power we might have reason to
dread, we have nothing to apprehend from at
tempts at conquest. It is chiefly attacks upon
our commerce, and harassing inroads upon our
coasts, ttgunst which we have to guard. A na
val force adequate to the protection i of ! bur com
merce, always afloat, with ah accumulation of
the means to give it a rapid extension tn case' of
need, furnishes the power by which all such ag
gressions may be prevented' or repelled. JTue
attention of the Government has, therefore, been
recently directed more to preserving the public
vessels already built, and. providing materials to
be placed in depot for future use, than to in
creasing their number. With the aid; of Con
gress, Jn a few years, the Government wdl be
pre parel, in case of emergency, to put afloat a
powerful navy of n w ships almost as soon as old"
ones could be repaired. ' f
The mothfication in this part of the service
suggested in my last annual message, which are
noticed more in detail in the report of the Secre
tary of the Navy, are again recommended to
your serious attention. '
The report of the Postmaster General, in like
manner, exhibits a satisfactory: view ot 3.be im
portant branch of the Government under his
charge. In addition to the benefits' already se
cured by the operations of; the P,ost-OfEce ,De-r
partment, considerable improvements, within,
the present year, have been made, 'by an increase
in the accommodation afforded by stagecoaches,
and in the frequency and celerity of th mail be
tween some ot the most important points ot the
Union. , ! ' v 4
Under the late contracts, improvements haye
been provided for the southern section of f the
country, and at the same time, an annual saving
made of upwards of .seventy-two thousand dol
lars. Notwithstanding the excess of expenditure
beyond the current receipts for a few years past,
necessarily incurred in thejfulfilment of existing
contracts and in the additional expehces, be
tween the period of contracting, to meet the de;
mands created by -the rapid growth and exten
sion of our flourishing country, yet the satisfac
tory assurance rs given, that the future revenue
of.the Department will be sufficient to meet its
extensive engagements. The system recently
introduced, that subjects its receipts and dis
bursements to strict regulation, hasien'irely ful
filled its design. It gives full assurance of the
punctual transmission, as well as the securify, oT
the funds of the Department. The efficiency 8t
industry of its officers, and the ability and ener
gy of contractors, justify ah increased confidence
in its continued prosperity. ;
The attention of Congress was called, on a Ton
mer occasion, to the necessity of such'a modifi
cation of the office of Attorney-General f the
U. States as would render it more adequate to
the wnts of the puhTic service. This resulted
in the establishment of.the officof Solicityrof
the Treasury ; and the earliebr'meashresre;
taken to give effect to the provisiona'of theJaw;
which authorised the appointment of tliat officer,
and defined his duties. But it . is not believed
that this .provision, however useful in itself, is
calculated to supersede the necsssity of extend-
ing-the duties and powers ot tneJAtiorney-uene-raij
office, qnthe conirIihftfonvinjjed
Jhat the public interest would 'be greatly pro
moted by giving to that officer the, general su-
penntenaance ot the various .jaw agents or-ine
Government!, and of all Jaw 'proce-d'tngs,whe-
ther civil or criminal, in which the United States
may be interested ; allowing to him, at the Same
time, such compensation as wpuldenable' him to
devote his undivided attention to the public bu
S'mess. I think such a provision is alike due to
the public snd to the officer. ! '
Occasions of 'reference from the different
ecutive Departments to the? Attorney General
are of frequent occurrence; and the prompt de
cision of the qaestiois so referred, tends nvichr
to facilitate the despatch of i business iif those
Departments. Tfie report of 'the SecretaryVof
ara"nch ofk the public service! nbt specifically
entrusted to'any offi.cer.vwh'ich misdvV be ad van-
tagepusly committed to the Attorney General.
But, independently ofnhese considerations
this office is now" one of daily duty. LJt was'drii
tl?",j orj;a"eu arm us compensation qxeti,
I : 1 .' a . : ft ...
-wuu u new io occasional service leaving xot tne
incumbeilt time forAhe exercise of his xirofessi-
onin priateTpraCtice.The state of thjnKs which"
warrante such an organization no' longer exists.
Thetretjueht clahni of 1 this
officer would yenderfiil absence from the Seal
'pt Government, .In professional i attendance upon
totins, injurious-io me. puonc service y ana
ue promoiea oyj charging mm with -the genera!
supermtendarice of ail its lejraf Concerns,i?;KM
1 Unier a.strong-; conviction;: of ttHehustrtess of
' w ouugesuuiia i recvqiiuc.nu 1 1 o Wiongresa
feet tO them. auUto nlaice the Attornev H-neri
l' - -r s. . . - T'rf tt
njjim io u peiisauou, 90 iuc mine looting
t
witrtbeiieads of the several Executive Den
meats. To this officer might also be inirusi
a cognizance oi me cases ot insolvency in nu
aeotors, especially it the views whici
I submit.
u,, Liiu buujswv usi year suouia meet th..
nmnannn or i.imcrrpci tn uri-i.K r . r
your attention. u wu
II " w-"o-- again son
i .4
Tour attention is respectfully invited to th
situation of the District of -Columbia, du. ,
by the Constitution, under the exclusive '
diction and control of Congress, this District i"
nainiy enuuea 10 a mucn greater share of it
consideration than it has yet received. Thcr
is a want of uniformity' in its laws, partimi.if.
in those of a penal ; character, which increa-
uic expense uicir auminisirauon, and subjecic
the people to all the inconveniences which re"
suit froim the operation of different codes in so
small aiferritory. On different sides of the p0.
"""xj ; vuwiibb i iuiu!iauic in une
qual degrees ; and the peculiarities of many nf
iiijimiv4 miu Tirgmia remain
in'force,; notwithstanding their "repugnance, in
sc' cases, tau the improvements which have
superseded them m( those States.
Besides a remedy "or these .evils, which u
loudly called for, it Is. respectfully submuted
whether a provision, authorizing the electi.m np
a Delegate to represent ; the, wants of the citi.
zens of this District on the' or of Congress, is
ikji. uuc w meua, sua; o me cnaracter of our
GoverbmenUNo portion of pur citizens should,
be without a practical.enjoyment of the princi.
pies of freedom ; and there is none more im
portant tha that which cultivates a proper rela
tion between the governors iand the govern
Imperfect as this must be in this case, vet it ;
Denevea mat n wou.ia dc greatly improved by a
representation in Congress, with the same privilege-
that are allowed to that of the other
Territories of the United States.
;The! penitentiary is ready for the reception of
convicts, and only awaits the necessary legisla
tion to put if into operation ; as one object of
which I beg leave to recal to your attention the
propriety of providing; suitable compensation for
the officers charged with its inspection.
The importance of the principles involved fn
the inquiry, whether it will be proper to rechar
ter the Bank of the United States, requires
that I should again call the attention of Congress
to the subject. Noihing'haa i occurred to lessen
in any degree,"-the dangers which many of our
citizens apprehendjroln thatinstiiution,asat pre.
sent org-tnized. In the spirit of improverheot
and compromise which distinguishes our coun
try and its institutions, it becomes us to inquire
whether it be not possible to secure the advan
tages afforded by the present Bank through the
agency of a Bank of the United States so modi
fied in its principles; and structure as to obviate
constitutional and other objections.
It is thought practicable to organize such a
bank, with the necessary officers, as a branch of
the Treasury Department, based on the public
and individual depositcs, .without power to make
loans or purchase property, which shall remit the
funds of the Government,-and the expenses ol
which may be paid, jf thought advisable, by al
lowing its officers to sell bills of exchange to
private individuals at a moderate premium- Not
being a corporate body, having no stockholders.
debtors, or property, and but few officers, it
would not be obnoxious to the constitufional ob
jections which are urged against the present
cans: ana navmer no means to onerate on th
hopes, fears, or interests of large masses of the
community, it would be shorn of the influence
which makes tliat bank formidable. The States
would be strengthened by having in their hands
the means of furnishing the local paper curr
by jthrough their own banks'; while the Bank of
uie uruiea ataies. tnoupm issuing no nancr.
would check the issues of the State Banks ov
taking their notes in deposite. and for exciiariee
only so long as they continue to be redeemed
capacities of such an institution might be enlarr
gea oy legislative provisions
1 hese suggestions are made, not so much as a
recommendauon, as with a view of calling the
attention of Congress1 to the possible modifica
tions ot a system which cannot continue to exist
in its present form without .occasional collisions
with; the local authorities, and perpetual appre
hensions and discontent on the pari of the States
ana tne people, .
. Iti conclusion, fellow-citizens, allow me to in
voke, in behalf ef your deliberations, that spirit
of conciliation and disinterestedness which is the
git ot patriotism. ' Under an overruling and
merciful Providence, the agency of this spirit
has thus' tar been signalized in the prosperity &
glory of bur beloved country. My its influence
dc eternal.
ANDREW JACKSON.
-7 : ' 1
(ZJ A Tea cKer wanted Im m e-
i ((lately,
P tske charge of an Academy, in the vlci
nity of italeigh Tiie compensation wilt a-
mount to something like $300,
Application may be made to the Editors of the
Registerj who will attend to all Cpost paid ) conj-
muiucanons.
ftaleigh Dec. 7-
, ONE CEXT REWARD,
l But no exptnees paid,
FOR the apprehension of THOMAS WELLS,,
an indented Apprentice to the Tailoring uJ
smess, w ho left my service on Saturday night
last-: He is upwards of 23 years ot age. A
persons are cautioned against harboring said
AoDrentice. as the utmost rieror of the law wil?
be enforced against them.
CAMPBELL.
It
Ralei.b, Dec. 6,
DYSPEPSIA CURED.
DK. HOSE, of Vig nia, and Dr. SUTUER
L VND, of New-York, have united their Sy;
terns, for the cure of Dyspepsia.
kDr. Bcokwith, of ibis place, and Dr. P. C.
ope of -Warrenton, having tested the' science
and success of the Systems, have taken ajjcii
cies, and will attend to aH '4ppncations at their
respective riktces or -'r evidence.
' The Aeent of Dr. Sutherland before the tint
'tMipf the systems, above stated, appointed Vt'
Davis nf warienton an Agent.
;i Raleigh December, 8. I 4tf
h L.
L Li-
WILMINGTON TURF.
HE RACES on this-Turf will -commence
Wednesday the 25th January next ; anfl
will continue four days; 1 ,
v JO.IIN A. TAYLOK, 3c.
Nov. 21-
4 4w
State of Nqrth:CaroliQa.
, ' i ' -Wajw? County.
Court of P.leas and Quarter Sessions,
NovemherrTerm, 1830.
Charles Webthrook & others,
vs.
3ames E. Jordan.
Original attachment. - Jesse Smith summonea
' fX t ' as Garnishee. ( urt
'TT appearing to the , satisfaction, of tne
JLthat thedefendant Jams E.' Jj.
cause, has removed himself out oft us e3
m 6 cobceals himself that the ora.'n8-f here
of the law cannot be served upon hiin.'i
foro ordered by the Court, that P.ubl'c" ks suC
;made iri theJBaleigh Registc for ix eiT
'cessively, ' that unless the raid defendant jpp
our nfext Couiitv Court, to b- nei
county otwayne, ai ine-"-- ueX:,
then and there to nlead
or
demur, juugmw
will bettered against bint by m
. 4 6 Test. ?
Ittault
fi
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4
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