r
w-
',,'::V.;n-rlv
' Ji-
r . - '
'SV .... - i ; -
AEIP OETM-AEOLIMiJJi GAZETTE.
hA.-
OURS ARE TfiE PLANS OF FAIR DELIGHTFUL PEACE;
UNWARP'D
BT ARTY RAGE, TO LIVE LIKE BROTHERS.
MARCH 12 T 1833
no: la
I-
gii ffism mssm e
V,. -" . . ' ' - ;: - i '
TITO 1,EGIS.
3oseU Gales &on,
Rdteighf North-Carolina.
TERMS.
fniiss D0114BS per annum one hajf inadvlflce
Those who do not.either at tRe?ime 'f sub-
BcriblnR.o subsequenily. gire notice ortheir
-wish tbhavethe Paper discontinued atthe ex
piration ofttieir' ear,will be presumed as de
siring its continuance until countermanded.
A D YEHTISE ME NTS,
Jfot eiceedin sixteen lines, will be inserted
' thre iwe for a. Dollar; and twenty -five cents
for .ach subsequent publication : those of
.i.Jm.i.th ; tli same oroDortion. If
the number of insertions be not marked on
them, they will be continued until Ordered
i our, in 1 charged uccordinRlv.
MR. KEPARO'S SPEbCH,
. CONCLUDED
It-.is contetnled by some of those per
gons who comp'ain thejnast of ti e opera
tionsof thegenerai pyiM-nui,tit (Mr. Mc
Daffi", speech. May. 1832) "that itculd
no longer be dissoie'd that under the un
just legislation of Congress, and Iwifhou!
anv azency of Provideiicf, a radical hos
tility of interestse.xisted 'bfefween the two
great sub-divistons ol tuts conreaeracy.
Nowsiryl deny, that such hos'ility doe
x'tfit, or' that there is any fair reason for
f)resumino;, it can be madefy any lejis
ation of Congress to exfst ; the great
father of our institutions fmvset-ins: tin
state of things. has told us, that upon this
rock we were li'tely to split ; he implored
tig, in his last advice, to resist such ahim
pi esslon v to scou t such an idea. We a re
daily -.becoming more and more the same
people, in our habits, pursuits and inter
ests and travellers have already remarked
the sameness of American li?e and man
ners. The constant and daily commu
nication among our people i wearing
away.by thefriction of social intercurse.
the petty prejudi6es of situation. "Moun
tains interposed, no longer makeeneu.ies
of iiations'1" I knew that thre was a party
injhis conujirv, dating their origin from
the adoption of the constitution, who have
always been endeav ring to porsuade
the people of the different States, that
they have? contrariant interests- a party
composed of restless ambitious spirit, who
(had "rather be tlie first man f an Alpine
iVdlagethan the second man at Rome," I did
bowever; hope that this sect was gradually
dwindling into insignificance. I firmly
believe, the interests of the different sec
tions of this ci-untry so dependent on each
other, that it is impossible, for one part
permanently to flourish!1 without com
municating its prosperity tothoe around
at: this, fact b'as been satisfactorily attest
ed by the aston'uhin? results of the Inter
nal Improvement of the country. Who
has not heard of a new World brought
into existence in the western part of N.
York by the genius of Clinton P With
a mind soaring above the miserable econ
omists of his day, he penetrated the mys
teries of nature, dissipated the prejudices
of ti e weak, the fears of the timid, and,
, like Columbus," opened a new World to
the enterprize of his countryman. Why
then should I, or any man, wish to cripple
the prosperity of two-thirds of thi Union,
Tvith thpvain or illusory ideaof benefiting
the other third ?
This question of the tapiff has been dis
cussed repeatedly, and very properly, as
one peculiarly interesting to the south ;
I. wiU consider it for a few moments, as it
affects that portion of the country. In
doing so, I shall consider it entirely as a
question of compromise ; I have not that
contempt for compromise which some
gentlemen seem to enlertain. If we were
legislating for a horde of savages, who
chased their daily food over the neigh
boring hills and. mi case of accident,
depended upon plunder or roots of thefo
rest for subsistence, we might despise all
compromise jvbut inilegislating for a high
ly refined and artificial state of society, we
should' remember t that civilization is the
reult of compromise. Our Constitution
is ifself the result of compromise ; and the
history of the vcry5cjaues under which
we are now actingjfwith which I will not
trouble the House) is jr strong illustration
of it general character.
It is very common, in the political ma-
Eceuvring of-thisconntry, to start a theo
ty.4nd-.by way of giving it currencyx and
, enlisting the prejudices of an ardent neo-
ple. to call it the Soulliern klocfrine on
' argument alone my faith is founded
and T shall support ho doctrines ami no
loeones my understanomg does not teach
rife are correct and proper. Although I
am oppose! to the tarift'systero injeneral.
1 do ot tpiink it. that monstrum hor-
r,tii'im'oine gedtlenien seeai tt0flrppose
u . i neuner tlunfe it produces thebiirou
lever at Charleston, nor the yellow fever
at New-Orleans ; it has sins enough of its
own to bear t will riot saddle it with
those of the imagination fi$?
the great doibt originally entertain ec)
I the capacity of this -countrv in mil
nufacture for itself, caused many persons
tA il .. . .. ..-. .4-.
oppose me system. It was tbought pre
mature ; that the country was too youngr
that we had too much waste Und, offering!
a healthier aod better occupation the
experiment has however been tried, the
country has paid part of the cost of the
experiment. It is now admitted that we
nanpfaeture sooe articles as cheap in this
country a in any other, and we have been
informed by documents laid on our tables
that S250, 000,000 are in Vested of the dif
ferent manufactories in the country. Can
this amount of capital be destroyed in an y
part of our country, without producing
distress and embarrassment throughout
its wide border ? I should suppose no po
litical economist could fur a moment doubt
upon such a proposition ; a' all events. I
am satisfied that it would very seriously
affect that .secttVi of th- country whos
interests aits confided to my care.
If there are any tw o sections- of this
country designed by nature fur a close
political and commercial union, they are
the southern 'part -of the Chesapeake bay,
the sea-coast of North-Carolina, and the
New England State. Our eat TiesMcolo
nial 'i i story contains the most satisfactory
evidence of rhs connexion ; he cheap na
vigators of the North, then formed, and
yet fo m, our principal means of inter
course' with the markets of the wo -Id ;
while at the same time. New-England i
becoming a great!, and growing, consumer
of our products, i Of the article of south-
k- . . 11 S i c n . I
ern corn aione, me-Towns oi ooston auo
Providence consunu-d in 1831, 897.793
bushels. Would it not then be madness
to destroy this niarket, without some po
sitive and certain assuiar.ee of bettering
the condition of the, country ? A gentle
men ti'lFus, therefore, this is entirely a
cent per cent, question, let the corn j-lan-?er
ask himself, if he is notuilling to pay
a higher duty on broad cloth than. on cof
fee, for a few years, sooner than prostrate
In best customer, and tlrivt- him to the
fertile lands of Michigan and Indiana for
a maintei anre ?
I said, that th bill on your table carri
ed out the principle , of the act of 1-832,
and reduced the revenue of ih.e country
nearer the wants of the government. If
does-so, with a few exceptions, ai.d where J
those exc-ptioos propose to impose a duty
I shvill vote against them. I shall there-j
fore vte for the amendment before us, for
striking out the duty on tea and coffee.
I cannot in January, vote to put on a du'y,
whi h m July preceding, I voted to take
oft', when no sufficient reason has bren as
signed for doing so inconsistent -Tn act.
VVere I to give such a vote, I should in
truth, suppose I deserved ome of the epi
thets which have been so liberally bestow
ed on the Congress of the U. 3. that pass
edkthe act of July, .1832. The duty on
tea and coffee is likewise a violation of the
principle on whiclvthe bill is reported,
which, iff understand it, is to reduce the
levenue to the war.is of the jvci nment,
committing as little violence as pos-ible
to the existing interests of the country.
This is the principle contained in th Pre
sident's annual message, where he Mays
the soundest maxims of public policy,
and tht principles jipon which our repub
lican institutions are founded, recommend
a proper ad ptation of the revenue to the
expenditure ; and they also require that
the expenditure should be limited to what,
by an economical'administration, shall be
consistent with the; simplicity of the go
vernment, and necessary tosan efficient
public service. In affecting this adjust
ment, it is due in justice to the interest
of the different states, and even to the
preservation of the Union itself, that the
protection afforded by ex is tine; laws to
any branches of the national industry,
should not exceed what maybe necessary
to counteract the 'Iregulatioas of foreign
nations, and to secure a supply of those
articles of manufacture essential to the
national independence and safety in tune
of War. If upon investigation, it shall
le found, as it is. believed it will be, that
the legislative protection granted to auy
narticular interest, is greater man is m-
dispensablrequisite for this object, I re-
commend that it be gradually diminished,
and that as far as may be consistent with
thpsp obipcts.
the whole scheme ot duties
be reduxed to thil revenue standard, as
soon as a iust regard to the, faith of vthe
government and to the ppservalion of the
large capital invested in establishments i
of domestic industry, will permit." J
That the reveni-e should be reduced to
the wants of the government, is one of those
plain and palpable truths, which l sup
pose would be aissenteu to on all sides.
In fact, this proposition has been admitted
by several gentiesnien who are opposed to
all the provisions' of this bill. I wou'd,
therefore, observe to thjj? gentlemen, that
as they have a majority on this floor, if this
bill is ini'mlicioui1, they ought to amend it
in such a way assto reduce the revenue
six millions of dollars, (the surplus men
tioned by the Sretary of the Treasury)
with as lifte imjury apossible to them
selves. Forlltpieveirt-an be expected
that the jjreopllfilrs country will eon
seno paimjney than is necessary
for tne ordinary wants of the government,
either for the protection of manufactures,
internal improyements,r any other pur-
poseg; . ;!i - , .. '
And yet. Sir, it would npttiarrow down
tie goyejjiment ito; a ineanand nigad'y
ecoBOmj j. lliatftuuij ummputwus news
rily a tax on any part of the community.
(although the converse of the proposition is
paradoxical at first sight) I do not think
has been satisfactorily maintained. Tafce,
for example, the articles of salt, coffee ami
molasses ; on these three articles the
Congress of the U iited States have been
reducing the duties, with the view of re
ducing the price of them to the country ;
and yet uc!i has not been the result.
We find that when we. took the duty off
of salt, the article rose in th West -Indies
; the tru h is, the possession of the
American market is so essential to the
nroducers of thesearticles, that they are
oblig d to have. it at all hazards, ami con-
sequently whenever Congress lays a havy
duty, their profits are ivduced down to
ihe lowest ebb that will suslain the busi
ness, their situation compels them to fol
low. And yet these fats, curious as thev
appear, are but fallacious grounds for a
government to ay heavy duties ; allhoagh
the consumers of the country, as such,
maye but I ittle interested in the matter,
the commerce of the country is vitally in
terested. Io proportion as we cultivate
an intercourse with those nations, "who by
position or by natural advautagesMn the .
production of such articles as are neces
sary for our comfort or pleasure, are dis
posed to-; trade with us on fair terms of
reciprocity, we promote the general wel
fare of society, and give a utimulus to the
commerce of the country, which, next to
agriculture, should be the favorite of the
nation. Should it b true, therefore, that
the consumer of coffee would be in no wise
interested, whi'therjhere is a duty on it
or not, stilHhe shipowner, who transput
the articled the corn planter and the lum
ber getter, whose productions are exchan
ged for if, are interest d that the trad
aUftiilrl ! c. n tltu m Mat IiHfri1 frtftriniv f
... . .i . r ri
win nor, u.ei eiu.rc, u a represeniain e u.
a portion oi ims inreresr, asisr in laying
a burden on it, not required by the policy
of the government, or essential to its re
venue. I have no doubt, sir, this tariff matter
can b-' adjusted, if we will approach it
candidly and fairly, d vesting it of its po
litical bearings, without producing , injury
or shewing unjust partiality towaids any
portion of the country, m laying u reve
nue duty so as to give incidental p o c
tion, let us select those manufacures
whose interests are deeply roqted and
widely spread throughout ihe country,
viz : cottons, woollens and sugar.
It is saidf and admitted here generally,
that we manufacture-coarse cottons in this
country as cheaply .is in any part of tht
world, the price being less than the du
ty, therefore cannot possibly be a bur-J
ilen on any one. The memorial ot the
anti-tariff convention says, toe duty is
nominal .n reference to most of the goods
under 15 cents, which not only are affor
ded as cheap by the American manufac
turer as the foreign article, but compel
with this in foreign markets." Why then
disturb it, is it not the part of wisdom
to let well enough alone?
The amount of cotton made in the Uni
ted States, in the vear ending inOct' b i-,
1831, -,was 375,925,303 lbs. in 181987.
397,G5 lbs. there is now m mufactured i
this country more than one-fift ) nf he
whole production, abiut one-third of wha
Great-Britain manufactures at the pre
sent time. The manufactures of cotton
has increased 100 per cent, in the last
four years, an increase greater than eve-
took place in G eat-Britain in the same
space of time; these facts manifest be
yond all doubt, that" this country is well
adapted both by situation and capacity,
to sustain such a manufacture, as well as
any other country: and therefore, it' de
serves the attention of the legislature.
We now prod tree 150,000,000 lbs, more
of cotton than Great Britain consumes of
' all sorts : where is this targe surplus to
find a purchaser ? Shall we prefer to
budd up (he manufactures of all countries
to our own r I think when it is so very
convenient and advantageous to ourselves.
i there is no great sin in permitting charity
to besrin at home. Ihe cotton manutac-
tured in this country, amounts to about
214,882bales, capital employ 'd g44,9 14,-
984, annual value 832,056,760, aggregate
of wages of hands employed &12, 155,723;
employing about 50,000 men and women.
D es not this benefit the grower of cot
ton ? I have heard it so very vehement
ly denied, that I am indisposed to hazard
any opinion of my own ; I. will, therefore
quote one th it will be respected, by all
parties. During the summer of 1851, a
Convention was held ft Philadelphia of
persons opposed to the tariff; that Con
vention was composed principally of South
ern men, they appointed a Committee to
draft a memorial to Congress, pointing out
the burdens of the tariff laws. Lhat me
morial was written by Mr. Gallatin, and
as might be expected, is incomparably the
ablest exposition of the evils of tlie Tariff,
these prolific times have produced. In it are
these words, --".Whatever impulse may
have been given to the production ot Anie
rican cotton by the domestic manufac
tures of that material, is therefore a clear
sain to the 'community. This, for the
very reason hat the amount cannot ie
1.1 A 1
calculated with precision, has undoubted
ly be ii greatly exaggerated. Butcaul.t
uut be. doubud that lhe oynsamptidn for-
cotto i good iii the liited States has, to
a certain exterf been increased by t"e
establishment t f domestic manufactflj;es,
Jind that the jlijjptuation bf price ave li-
sened by havin j a gre.iter number of mar
kets, in this ce'oie nearer, and con
s'derable, ever though the aggregate of
sales was not. o aerially increas.-d " The
cause of the-fa I pf the price of raw cot
ton is thus accounted for, the reduc
tion of the'prii'e of the raw material was
solely due jto. he. increased supply com
pared wi'lr the;: demand " The-e ad mis
sitiMS if the Convention are very ungene
rous, they -an- the "urikindest cuts of
al ," the jfreajest of knovrn rebukes is,
out of ,'hin r)yn mouth I will condemn
hoe." If the; ejFore, we are to believe the
cotton planters memorial, and not their
advocates on tliis flor, they are decided
ly benefited b 'he tariff. It is not the
least curious pjrtof this matter.that while
this II us wg y jisiening day after day to
the nio3t parM lii .descriptions of the nus
eries and soff iug- of the cotton planters,
from the ta'ii a memorial was lying on
our tab es eiuioa'ing almost exclusively
from this inte est, admitting themselves
benefited -
Let us now ermine what claims the article of
Sugar has la a si tw death. VViit-n Louisiana was
purchased from frir.ee, the cultivation of sugar
had commenced ;n::hat country ; common justice
requires that w should not unnecesarily cause
the planter to re- jret that he had ever exchanged
the yulce of the Bpaiiii or French monarchies,
for-the free government nf America. 4
At the close. f the war in 181G, CongTess add
ed half a cent tythe duty as a part of a general
system, .which (. ity has given a great stimulus to
the cultivation .oSMgar 'in Louisiaiia, which coun
try now produces rvl'o-thirds of the sugar con
sumed in the United States. I presume it will
will not be..dou ted" that the duty is essential to
the prosperity i"khe plantations, and without it,
the cultiv atibij. tf sugar must cease. The present
price of -sugar i:-about'5 cents in New-Orleans,
l'he whole exp anse ofc producing sugar, I am m-
formed, is abouj A. cents per pound
leaving a-
bfmt 2 cents. p- m . tQ the pklter . wll,ch two
ceuts are his n 4iis to purciiase slaves and in-
1 . - ... . ... .....
crease his cultivation if, therefore, you diminish ; whether twelve per cent, oij fift. percent the
his profits one f i3E cent, you diminish his capaci- J greater part o the revenue must be paid by that
ty to purchase ,-n-fourth. The consumption of ! portion of the country, producing articles best
sugar inthe tJt ted Siates amounts to about 15'J, j adapted to foreign markets, fl will notsay, sir,
000 hogsheads -:f he ,crop of Louisiana to iabo t 1 as was said by a gentleman friom.South-CStroH
1 J0,000. An-i si'ease, therefore, of one naif .the 1 (Mr. Davis) during the last session, "he doubted
present Ojurtib'e of slaves in that coun-ry must ' whether any Government, except the State Go
take place bef4- re the domestic consumption of - vernment, was worth J.he taxes the people paid
sugar can be sf.miied. And when we take into , for it but this I will say, that on those term,
consideration,' astonisliing increase hot in or that if this theory. fs true, the Federal Govern
numbers, and Jhe me.lns of consumption of the ment never can sustain itself. C mid I believe,
northern, midcf;e and western Statcsi it is' but fair by the inevitable acts of your legislation, I was
to suppose thai- Louisiana will for many years to made a hewer of wood and a; drawer of water for
come, runush ; i market tor the surplus slave la- the rest ot the Union, I should lee) myself de
bpr of t.ie' Souf ). The present number of slaves graded Were I to come here to debate the mat
in the United States, is about 2,153,370, worth ter, I should feel mvself impielled by. every pri-. -
$430,674,000 he destruction of the sugar culti-
vation woujd u duitf edly depress tlie price ot bosom of an American freeman to resist such op
slave in propa .'ipnas the impetus,- it has hither-' pression I am not therefore surprized t'iat see
to given, has ii greased it, which has been estima- tions of our co ntry are maddened almost to
tedand I thinV? v-ery moderately, at $50 a head, phrenzy under the operation of this doctrine.
An enormus depression of tlie value of property To have believed it, and borne it so long, is a
foivno-coneiyale ! benefit. The bill on the table proof of their great patriotism and most eminent
does not projii-to reduce the revenue by it, for discretion. This theory, however, confines its
it proposes tojtake half a cent off of sugar, and operation to the growers of ! rice, cotton aud to
put accent a p hi pd on coffee ; now, if the reve- bacco ; it is of course of no importance to per
mit is really waiting, why make this absurd ex-1 sons not connected with the production of these
change f if no ; ft must share the fate of every articles, what the tariff may be, their portion of
thing. There is no State in this Union whose the burden being thro n upon their more sub
prosperity is s ) closely interwoven with the.wel- stantial neighbors. 1 have shewn by an extract
fare, of the ptl; ers, as Louisiana ; she is a great from the Memorial of the Cotton planters, that
consumer for r-hes 'rest ; her labor is drawn from they conceive themselves benefited by the sys
tlie old Southi -ri States to cultivate her fields t tern in some measure ; I Shall therefore, trouble
her xloVhing t om the North, and her foo l from myself no more with tlie subject, than to make a
the West. ItJ s Worthy of attention, to remark few remarks upon a corollary that has been drawn
the gradual re ;uqtion in the price o sugar, even ;
under the out;; ot 6 cents per pound .ring,
the last twelve :-y ears, sugar has been gradually
declining in pieces, uhtil it has reached a depres
sion somewhat; below half its price in 1819 and
.8 0, nor is i; ! aftogethjer certain, that if the du
ty were entire y removed, the consumer would
derive any immediate benefit, although ultimate
ly the article f'Oiild be. cheapei. The price of
an article is re gulated by the proportion of sup
ply to demand :; unquestionably therefore, if the
duty were suddenly removed, prudence would
dictate Jto the osjana planter, to contract im
mediately his operations, in order to avoid ulti
njate ruin j u. less therefore, the reduction of
supply at hohe were relieved by the increase
from abroad, he price would rise, which state
of things Wou d at all events, produce great fluc
tuations in' thj . market. The production of sugar
is not like tht of cotton, or woollen goods ; this
article is anr-ially produced in a limited section
of country, aT ,d cannot be increased or diminish
ed at will : 't-e winds and the rains of Heaven
must e cony ilted.
If there is 'any part of the tariff system more
peculiarly ui Hst and indefensible, it is the duty
on iron ; this s an article absolutely indispensible
to every 'olai in society, and yet it. is more high
ly taxed by t is bill than any thing else, and with
out a corres ondiftg benent. Upon rolled Dar
iron, the. dul is 76 per ct. on sheet & hoop iron 93
pr.ct. Wert disposed to appeal to the meanest
and basest n Cssion that actuates the human mind,
the passion i f avarice, a passion that regards its
personal wa ts, its personal appetites as every
thing the iji fife rings of others, the glory and in
dependence of jthe country as nothing, it would
De an easy r .uer io proa ce an eiciiemeiii a
galnst thisu.ijust; preference of one interest to
another. 'Tlfjre is n ; article in the whole cata
logue of hu'ran wants, so essential to man as iron,
no one that ( immediately contriDutes io nis wen-
Its v iejmarks the hrst step trom barbarity
tocivilizatiq 'i: and yet it is more highly tavored by
th s bill tks3 any thing else. Why isUhis Has
Pennsylyn deserved a better tafe than any-
other State in the Union Did she bring to t he
South in 1528 " in her utmost need," one solita
ry vote'?' K'o-J she went m a solid phalanx for
the ' bill abominations and she is to be
spared, tht r lightning glances over her, illumin
ates, butr, sver toshes Iier : happy -Pennsy lva
nia, she hf.s4hirty electoral votes, and no candi
date for th ; presidency.
It is saicTby Mr. Gallatin, that " the iron worcs
of west Pijnitsy1" were, and still continue to
be protectf'diagamst foreign iron, and that nude
within oiw hundred imi es of the. sea shore, by
the einen ebf transportation, which is still forty
dollars a tni"5 .-..There certainly then can be no
pry priety n. taxing so greatly the whole sea board
from Mai'4e.f to Louisiana, to sustain f. manufac
ture wbic cannot , flourish under these natural
advantages The' mountains of North-Carolina
are full o iron otet$nd vet no reasonable man
wuli tU ik'tjid governmeat justifiable in plao-
uui; ujun irwu, sumcirii io cuuipcn!ai.t
the owners of tliose mines for mfking rail-roads
and canals to bring their iron to market. Sir, I .
believe if the duties on iron and hemn were re-
.move
ved, the much abused tariff bill of 1832 is,zation of the rt-st of the world, vtrt re imnie di
preferable to the bill on your table
It requires, has been said by an ingenious wri
ter, a great deal of philosophy to observe thati
which is seen every day ; if this were not true, it
would be impossible to account for the discre
pancy of opinions upon the practical results of
this protective system. Every one sees that the
country is generally prosperous, for whiclv differ
ent causes are assigned. I do not think the
prosperity of the people of this country depend
ent upon the action of the government, nor is
it desirable it should be. I believe there is an
elasticity and vigor in the American character,
that will adapt itself to any system, the wisdom or
folly of this House may adopt ; that the Tariff
compels the consumers of many articles to pay
mope for them than they otherwise wbuld, is true,
but that it produces one-half of the evils or bene
fits charged to it, is a position, that has no exist
ence except in the heated imaginations of parti
ians. - 1
It is said, all this may be true, but by some le
gerdemain not yet explained, although we have
heard repeated attempts, the whole b rden is
thrown upon tlie South, the ax-paying Sqath.-r-It
is extraordinary that any section of the country
should claim the exclusive privilege of paying
t e taxes "of t e government, the idea re'ults
from a spe ies of egotism as absurd as that of an
a tr loger, mentioned I think, in the Spectator,
who had studied the aspect oT the heavens with
sup. intensity of zeal, that heiat length believed
himself master of the winds ; and would verv
graciously, and with extreme icondescension, of
fer to a friend going a journey, any wind he might
have a fancy tor. There is,' however, we are
told, , a theory a self-evident proposition, that
explains the matter. It has been said, (Repor
of the Committee of Wavs and Meajis by Mr Mc
Dume) as the restrictions imposed upon the.
productions .of the Southern industry, are affect
ed by the agency ot indirect faxes, the burdens
imposed pon the planting States by the protec
tive system, are not very inaccurately measured
by the amount of taxes levied upon articles ex
changed for those prod ctians," or, in other
words, a duty on imports, is equivalent to a duty
upon exports. I reg rd this as the most pernici
ous dogma that ever has bieen started in this
country its direct and inevitable tendency is a
destruction of the Union ; for if their po iti n be
true, collect what amount oflrevenue vou mav.
ciple that ever nervedqthe farm or swelled the
from it
V have been told by the same document.
that the fnirest portion of this reat cou(ede
racv, and of He .ven, the most favored region of
the earth, is literally undergoing a silent but ir
resistible process of d cty, produced by Ihe
gros. pe rv ersion of the very power, wluch is un
der the highejit of human obligation's to prevent
t," I admit ttiat the South is not as flourishing
as some portion of this confederacy but I d -ny
that it depression is p be attribuied to the
action of the jfeneral government., and! am much
astonished t list any person, could overlook, the
plain and palpabli- causes, there exis'ing, suffi
cient, (without aiimulatinjfthe natural prejudice
of the people against the general government)
to account for all the horrors, of even warmer
imaginations.
Tlie peculiar character of the emigration alone
form the ohLyiouthern Si ales, an emigration
which Ckrrif 8 feff both the labor and capital of
the ciun ry, leaving- nothing to supply its olace,
is sufficient ta account for many of our miseries,
lines not that hbor fi id the tariff as grinding &.
oppressive in the south-west as in either of the
Caiolinas i Why then should it abandon its na
tive soil toWiste und desolation, because a fresh
er md more f rule oil iiivites it ? There are
two other causes operating unfavorably on the
southern4 sea-board, nne a moral, the other a
physical cause. I will not however, Sir,;di!a'e
on ttm subject; to me it is an unpleasant one.
I love the south with all her misforunes 1 love
ier " ft mv own. my native 1 itid" tecum vivre
t i - . . s t'
aroem. tecum obeam noens, n is iioin tne i-
f ction 1 bear her, 1 am induced to speak thus
plainly to, her.
Th re is another cau-e operating to the seri
ous dis dvantug-of the bes-portion of ihe South,
& 1 admit, " of Heaven the most Uvoreu regioa-'
f we regard soil, chma'e and situation It mean
the interior of thes utbern country, tarticularly
of North-Carolina and Virginia. Why a it that
this section is not as flourishing as the interior
of New-York, and Pennslvan'w Tiie chmaie
is equally, if not more, congenial to thr cunsti u
tion of the while man, md the soil is more pro
ductive in every thmg lhat can contribute to the
prosperity of the people. Why is it, that a si
lence as "of death, perv.ides their thousand hi-ls
--there we find no busy hum of men, no throng of
flocks or oerds ? .tis because th hostility ot the
south 10 the improvement of theountry, leave
every tiling to nature. Wf COnripUin that the
revenue of ihe cointrr i eottecred at the soutti
and expended at the noHb.ri.H4hi is true, it is
our own Iult. is there proposition mweio
remove a sand-bar or deepen, rivtfany part
of this country , lhat floes notfncouiiler a soji i
phalanx of hostility (wuh-ft tew exceptions)
from the whole southern delegation ontbis flixr ?
During the last session, aabonor-bts -trie: d ot
mine (Mr. Carson,) h the annual appropria
tion bill, for the improyepient of thw harjotsof
the country wjs beforisitbe House,. prvfbuined
it aa imposition on. th people. . . . '
any one propose to appropriHte ' V
thousan d dolUnffrom aqtabuiulsnt tyeasurf4 W
open a road through our beautiful interior, th t it
m v commuuinp with i m..v.i. i '..i:
me I j toklot violated constitutions, and all -the
slang which has btcn current on this floor for the
lust twenly years about Mate rights, is repe ed
"usque ad nauseam. tt seems as if somt- v'en-ilemt-n
supp ied -vlry thinff whicb -was cafcu
l .ied to jiiomote the prosperity, to enlarge the
sphere of action of tht- mass of th people, Way
a viol-it ion of the constitution. .Cf .
At the last session of Congress, a bill came to
this house horn the Senate ; proposing to net tie
the policy of our public lands -a bill whose ob
ject was to prevent them from being given ultj.
nately to the wrst a bill to restore to the ld
Atlant c States some portion of the treasure they
h d so liberally spent in purchasing that Vast
r.-tfion, a :d to remunerate them in sonv- measuro
for the constant drain upon thr resources, pro
lucrd by t migration Was that bill; lost by Sotftll
trn voles? Let your journals answer
This Government may spend millions upon
millions on its army or its nayy : it mayp;,ve
t leJioad of the Indian beyon-the Mississippi
with ingots of jrohl ; it may squander the enor
mous amount of our public laudvto purchase a
huh- ptrs-.nal popularity m the VV'estrand all i
well, hut if it attempts tq spend one dollar of
the pu'dic treasure for tire public welfare, we
are told, of violated Constitution; Sirj should
the Souxh be-ome, in the process of decay, what
one portion of it has bvyn threatened With, -a
' howliog wddrrnva," there is scarcely, a mo
nument on its wide borxK-r, of the liberality oi"
th )e who have governed it, te piove to the in- '
dustnous annqu.nan tlmt it had ever been trod
by ill. f ipt of civilized man. There might be.
found soine barren and blasted fields, as if the
Siroccoof the desert find jessed over it, but
there vftnil i be no Aopian w y, resisting th ef
fort of the barbarian, or the decay of time.
did -suppose, when 1 first tnlerfH fho . 11.
j ?o"ietiiing n ight be done to revive the stagnant
.(m -Miiiij; cn.-res ot tne soutn ; out wh n I
heard, wh .t, on this flo;r are proclaimed
S .uiheio doctrines and Southern 'princip evT
felt tliat sickness of the soul which aw .i.r on
ope deferred: Perhaps itlwms the iresult f . '
retired hie, that led me to oeiieVe that, sme
higher duly w s ssrgned a member on tiiis floor
than mre vote for the anno d bills to pay thd -
salaries of ike government oificers, and: it my '
be folly to suppose that a leg alalor should be
or could b , a benefactor of mankind. I arty'
hwevrr now satisfied, that a new 'generation
oi politician must arise, after the present one
siasfrcit. d ita little hour up(n the taffe, before . '"
tnejiouti.ern pan of this Uuorfcnderive its fuff -
flure .fth. be nefits of the hberal mstituiibwtof
ihe oun ry - tl?A'
j- 1 of been assorted in th. two Hseii V
oi Coiigre, that the south in particular wouhj
be a . auifi oyM.he ny stem of dirt ct ttxsniarii
f le poMtt -n, which has bee,n too currently cir
cuit, d throngii the CMUiitryy atthough'tbere has
be. during the f equent discuiionV on .this
wilyec, a v. ry satisfactory Befuiation of this rio
tioi,. lt.ne it Jor K'antcd, thavthe only cori
rcct the.ir, is, that the man who buys and coii--suBe
an article, m the one U;joiv whom Ihe tax '
il any eaist, u timately falls. ItJa said,, that ia
Lou'iMaoa, a p .tationjpftoducing a crop pfeotii
on woitu a;out tenhoiTsand dollars, consumes
i . the production of that crop, abejut two thou
sand eight hundred dollars worth, of art cles, 'not?
intde on the plantaiton. Oi this consumptioiv
one-iourth, about seven or eight hundred dollarli
soft .xed articies. Th s is a v-ry favjrale
t-alcul.tio.ifor all the planters. north ofLousia
n, par icul.rly for tliose wno make iheif vn
ork, as some have (old uc thev do. J us ap
ply this rule to oir h-Cafutma.'' South Carolina
exports .6 .ut 8, 000, 000 of produced All the
productive; lauor, and ll the 3 plantations f
C roluw,. re occupied in producing this 8,000,
000, one-third of which sum, $2 666,666 is the
a. ouoot at: article consumed, and not produced
the plantations, one-fourth of Which; vir.
I666,im, are articles upon wb chitheg ntr4l
.vernmeot levies a revenue-fcNow auppoMint
he duty conatituies half of the price of an rti
cle, an extravagant supposition, the enormotre
burden which is now weighing Souvb-Carohhi
That the South- rn people, hare lost muck
in speudn.g their tirrie disputing abou: the mean
in ot tlie Constitution, instead of devoting their
nergi?s and resources to tbe improvement of
he country, 1 think must be . apparent to every
mn who will dispassionately view&tbe w.ole
ground It is impossible, in this age, for any
l ople to und still, they must either advance
or recede in toe Wale t importance' among na
tions. The human mind is now so active so
intensely oent on devetop'ms; all Us resource!,
thai those nations which like Spain or Ponugit,
with a blind bigoiry, shut out every ry of light,
musi cither relapse into barbar s n, the prey of
military despot:m, or sink In o insignificance,
t he desire mainfe-.ted by many, of increasing
the hostility to tiie irajrov.ement of the ebuntry,
by connecting ii wit&;thrlarnVi tfiduat and
un.siateimid:k- vieVohe subject Th. re h
nee. Marily no more natural co.mtxion bet'ween
tht-tariff and internal improvement, than any
other modes of policy which produce great na
tional benefits:' With as much propriety maV
ii be said, that the Mirv ing. .nd aettlernrof o'f
the pubi.e Unds should be arrested, for fear of
furnishing, in future times, a valmde roakrfte
our domestic roa.iutacture. These manulacnire
mu-t, in process ;f time, if ttu-y succeed in sup
plying the home market, reduce tbe rcyenue x
tne poiicy, therefore, that would unite these tw
interests is rathei sh rt-ic:lied. it it is sunoosesl
that one is to become a permanent, fund to aid
the oilur. While this temporary swell in te
treasury productjd by the American Systtjn,
ex.sis, soun ; policy demands lhat a surplus, un
avoidably remaining ,in our coffers, should be
apjdieu to the improvement of our country ."
I'liere is another reason tor this view the
subject, winch 1 wish to address to the $uth
in tlie words ot Mr. McHuflW" Inii's Letter on
ihci suojeCtQf: Internal improvement published
in the Ncwtrk Adyocaie, of March 15th, I8i9,
are thc wvrds: ' I think Ihe Souths m tajid
iVesie'rii SUteiare th. natural advocates a
k)t-.-m oi Internal in:prov mr-uU,, and I reg-et
thai the constitutional scrupk of a portion of
the Southern", pep4e thauid prevent a hearty
cooperation. This i the only form in wbct
tire- bouth-'i n Sta.es can be indemnified for the
fax levied upoij them, to sustain the tnanufac
;ures of the Kastern btates.-Tbat a power aft
this ciiaiawtr, m..y be abuedis Very trtie such
ti tin; fate. of all Uuman unvkfiakuigt it has,
bow iver, as yet, never been mucti ablsdr and
from the conflicting intercuts always fund bn
; tlie floor of togress, it is not very likely io be
the wlwies.un ever expended by thejrover.v
ftirtit of the Uaitcd Staler, m drawing forth . tne
resources uf the country, oy akling work purely
inteuGA-d ior tiwtprp se, does uotyK amount
w iiiv jiua vt-is iifv aou uvy ipr S)e
year.
'." fsa. ,-'
r
V
'i
n
n
r
n
!
i l
4'
-'4
-?
a!
M
J
"'
3't
f.5
.if
1 i
4k
2 W . 2f
A - .: si .
T
r