Newspapers / The Weekly Raleigh Register … / March 26, 1833, edition 1 / Page 1
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' r f-r-v - i - ; rf. . ' . "' . , v. . ' . iv:-' ' . ' j - . . ' -i. . . It ; ...... r IS THE PLAXS FAIR DELIGHTFUL PEACE, UNWAOlp't) BY PARTY RAGE, TO LIVE LIKE BROTHERS. V . IH.,,, iUtfUi NO 20 -'-;l . , . "ours are Xo5vyi OaVes & Son, RitltiK Forth Carolina. r- TERMS. Taunts Dollars per annum? one nainn advance Those who do not.either at the time of sub Bcnbinff.o subsequently, give notice of their wishtohave the Paper discontinued at the cx plratipn of their ear,wUl be' presumed as de siring its continuance until c ountermanded. AD V ER TISE M E NTS, Nat exceeding sixteen lines, DC1rk ... . ll I iUnAMtArl threettmesroT DclJr; and twenty -hvecems fo ,ach, subsequent publfcatiQn : those ot : . . i . v. ha cam hrohtrt ion. It greater iciigui) - r--i thfc number of insertions be noi marked on ' themjthey will bejeontinued until ordered out, and charged accordingly- CONGRESS. SPRECH OV Mil. CALHOUN, On the BUI further to provide for the Col ' lection of Duties on Imports. cojirixuD. It hadbeen further objected, that the State had acted precipitately. What ! precipitateFy ! alter j BkiuS a strenuous resisunce for twelve years . discussion here ana m me oxner nm. j..d Congress oy essays in au lunu uy resumuuiis, remonstrances, and protests on the part of her Lesnslaiure, and finally by attempting an appeal to tne juuiciai power u; tuc uuncu ovaiv-a : (n- said attempting, tor they had ben preyetitea , from bringing the question tairly betore me court, i and that by an acol that very majority m uon- most trumphant acknowledgment that Nullinca gress which now upbraid them for not making ; ton and efficiei' t . and so (lceply en. that appeal; oi mat majority; no, on a one of the member in the other ous trom South-Cai-olina, refused to give to the act of 1 8;.'8 its true title, that it w&S a protective; and not a revenue let. The State has never, it is true, Ve iled utonv that tribunal, the Supreme Court, to vindicate its reserved rights: yet they have al- ways con ulereci it as an ftuxiuarv means , . . mj ., ? J ! ience, oi wuicu tuey wouiu ftiuij, rtpr)ears absurd, as it was adopted by the very themselves, to test the constitutionality ot Pru" j authority vidiich adopted the Constitution itself, tection, had they notrbeen deprived oftlie. means j They a,-JO teU usthtLt the SupPcme Court is the ofdoingsoby the act of the majority. ; appointed arbiter of all controversies between Notwithstanding this long delay of more than,aState M thq . General Government- Whv, ten years, under this continued encroachment ot , thg (; thev;ndt leave tj,:3 controversy to that tbe Government, wejnow hear it on alt sides, oy , friends and foes, gravely pronounced, that uie abr0 on of 'the Ordinance, and the laws made State has acted precipitate y that her conuuet . -n pm.,nance of it antl thu assertion of that ha-been rash ! I'hat such should oe the langiiage . n ,cy wh;ch for thj ,aws of Con. of an in'.restc majority, who, by means ot t;im ess ? The gute sUmU plcd?ed to resist no pro- . unconstitutional and oppressive svstem, ?r' cess of the Court. Whv, then, confer on the nually extorting millions from the South, to be be- presklent the .exteps;Te arid unlimited powers stowed upon other sections, was not at all sutv: provi(led ;0 thIs ? vvTiy authorise him to use prising. Whatever impedes ithe, course; .Rvancd m:litarv. fnrce to arrest the clvil process of the and ambition, will ever be denounced i :,,h and gt.lte ?" But one answer can be pVen. That in a precipitate ; and. had South-Carolina -delayed her ; c.,ntes; between the State andi General Govern res stance fifty mst ad of twelve years, she would Jf th, bc limited on both sides have heard from the same quarter the same lan- tQ t,(e cifi ocesS) the State) by its in;ierent S( - ensure s but it was really surprising that those ,rWii. otariA-- nn ,.arj -nnwn why were suffering in common with herself, and who have complained equally oud of their gnev- . iih- had nivinniinr.ert the verv acts which ittnv-v , -.--j sive, unconstitutional, and ruinous, after -so long a ntnic-e-It a strujre e loiterer than that which ciwujviLvu .... -rr- , o - r.K. c.,(i,c f,.,im V. ..i,.-.M.-i.trJLlr.r than thneriods of the f; ; ; -fe v, I roian war-should now complain ot pi ecipiunc. t : .. v.Y.s, u,h;oh h nrtnnitatP1v. i,u"u -...r.-w.l W I...- ..wtn-States, who have suffered in common IT;.: hi: v.,; hav,t.d tnHv. T.d th,v aCt- rrr Xlba thev nerformed-their i. .u ..T 1." w,;; A Unn m'in ; L'.V 6 h. U K- :' rfrnm tuauon this clay would be very dulerent from , . j -s- n . ... K. wt "u" ""u rv . gerous, and never, was the maxim more true than ; in the present case a case of monopoly. It is : the very nature of monopolies to. grovv. It we , take Irom one?;SKl aJargeponion oi uie pi occcus , cf us labor and give it to the other, the side from j 11 T. 1.1. 4... .. 4.1-. ,l...r .. lr. - . wnicn weuase must touaunitiy uciuj, an.-., mu... to which we give must prosper and .'increase. j Such is the ac ion of the nrotective system. It exacts from the South a. large portion of the pro ceeds oi'its industry, which it bestows Upon the other sections, in the shape ot bounties to. manu- factures, and appropriations irui thoiRand forms ; pensions, improvement onvers .and harbors, j roads ana cana s, ana in every snape tnat wit or j ingenuity can-devise. Oui w, .then, be surprised j that the principle of monopoly ..jjrows, when it isi so amply re'm.nerated at -the expense of those who support it ? And this is the real reason of the fact which we witness, that all acts for pro tection, pass with small majorities, but soon come to be sustained by great and overwhelming ma jorities. . Those who seek the monopoly, endea vor to obtain it in the most exclusive shape ; and they take1 care, accordingly, to associate only a sufficient number. of interests barely to pass it through the two Houses of Congress on the plain principle, thatfthe greater the number from whom the-monopoly takes, and'the fewer on whom it 'bestows, tlie greater is tlie advantage to the monppolists. Acting itt this spirit, we have often seen with, what exact precision they count, adding wool to woplle ns, associating lead and iron, feehng their, way, until a bare majority is obtained, when the bill passes, connecting just as many interests as via sufficient to ensure its success, and no more. Iii a short time, ho wever, we have invariably found that this Yea?, becomes a decided majority, under the certain operation which compels individuals 5 to desert the pursuits which Uie monop"61 have rendered unprofitable, tiut they may participate Jn those pursuits which it has rendered profitable Jt id 'against this ds.ii gerous and growing disease- which' South-Carolina 'has acted a .-disease '. whpse Tcaincerous action WGuhl soon spread to eveiiy part tof the system, luicl it not been speedily arrested."" V '" , - There wjas another powerful reason why the action of th) State could not be 'safely vdeiayedj Tut ; public debt aa he had already stated, fori all practical purposes, had already-been paid ; and, W'ldec '.the. exiting duties, a krgeannual surplus of many millions, must com ihtoiithe Treasury, it was impossible to Jookat tiiiafstate of'tbings without' seeing the most ilufichievous conseouen- tes ; and, among others, if not speedily corf ect-tjd.-it would in terpose pJwerfuLaid almost insu I.eikble .bstacles to throwing olfthe burden under wnicnme sornu njai heen long laboring rrhe dispositioit'ofti Surplus .would lieco'me a subject of violent and corrupt slruleaiid could hot fail . I Vl', neMyiiui-iowenui- interests in support "' tlie existing lysteiu j not onlyjn wse section .:! n iULYcasv4 BeretQiore beetei ty it, .'..it F in the South itself. He could not but trace : evei to the anticipation of this state of the Treasury, the sudden ami extraordnary movements wnicn hadjtaken place at the last session in the Virgi nia Legislature, in which- the -whole -South was vitally interested. It was impossible for any ra tionll man to believe,: that that State could seri ously have thought of effe ting the scheme to v:ic i he alluded by her own resources, without pow :rful aid from the General Government. It ivas next objected, that the enforcing, acts have legislated the United State; out of South Caro ina. He had already replied to this objec tion m another occasion, "and would now but re peat ,vhat he then said that they had been le gislal sd out only to the extent that they had do right to enter. The 'Constitution had admitted the y risdiction of the United States within the limits of the several States, only so far as the de legate powers authorized ; beyond that they vere ntroders, and might rightfully be expelled ; and t ,at they had been; efficiently expelled by the K -islation of the State through her civil pro cess, ks has been acknowledged on all sides in the dabate. is only a confirmation of the truth of the doctrine for which the majority in Carolina had cjmtended.j : Thi very point at issue between the two par ties tlttre, was, whether Nullification was a peace ful an an efficient remedy against an unconsti tutional act of the General Government, St which KnUol J nv f;ad tK.U.t)1(, .t ncr.,;,.cHi which t was' directed, are unconstitutional and oppressive. The controversy was only as to the means? y which our citizens might be protected j against; the acknoA lodged encroachments on their rights. I This being the point at issue between ; . . L Prnt r,t.ntc,rn,?Zf- thf. r.ltizens tliru' the Sude trlbunals . the measures adopted to en- j force te 0rJknance cf COurse, received the most i y , character. We were not children to act i by hals. Yet, for acting thus efficiently, the , State it denounced, and this bill reported, to overrule, by military force, tire civil tribunals and civil process ot the Mate : Sir, sa:d Mr C I con ba, &u ments whIch have bjj-j yji-(d on this floor in ifs support, as the trencht - jl in the principles of our system, that it f .,, -ii ku., f tuti n, and substituting the supremacy of military force jn lieu oi the supremacy of the laws. In fact, th 3 advocates of "this' bill refute ftheir own j argument. 1 hey tell us that the Ordinance is UIIV.UJ.',illUUUll.a unconstitutional,; that it infracts the Constitution Gf South-Carolina ; alt .orgh to him the objection fr - lh , VVrnv do tfe t c0llti(1e to them the wi,, lQO powerftll 5n such a controversy, mugt hmm)h oyer te Fcderal ;overnment, . n-. .h.i!. . t j i- i . ....i sustained ov us ueiegateci ana nmiteu autiiority ; nnn. in inn ansivf r. we imvp fin m rnnw eai'ment of rftho principles for which c,. ua .!..ki.- Ia " ".,J,v ,,Mr ". u -, .w,,,,vv"- . t?AVin& m'lrtet.ne?e rcmai ks, tn Kieai quesu on is now presenter-- ii:is congress tne ng.it w naSe the hiV-'iVVItf eh he won d next proceed to Pass.t liS D,I.--1? 'c.n new )UJU nexy Prpceca to consider, me .decision oi tins question involves i.u , ,,... :nwnlou,:pn.vr,ft - f"1? " lT sposa or rres,aeiu lIie Armv a,,a ixavn ana uie nure MU,U "ie cou,ltl7- u enables him, at his pleasure, to sub, . ....vj. th nh;t(ft sim. .not etpmnt , from militia dutv, to martial law to can mm irom his ordinalT occupation, to the field, and under the penalty , f ftne an(l imprisonment inflicted by - , imbrue bis hand in his bro- ther9 bloQiK There ;s nQ lim!tation on the pow. e of th SWQrd an j that ti is aU . . f. ' lv without rf mlnt ' frr. amonrrtlie extraordina. fMflI,.P(. nr th. Kill vit r.mii:.ns no annnmm. tion which, under existing circumstances, is tan- tamount to an unlimited appropriation. The Pre sident may, under its authority, incur any expen diture, and pledire the national faith to meet it He cpeate neyr nut5onai debt, at the-very moment of the termination of the formera debt 0f millions to be paid out of the proceeds of the ! , , f that section Gf the country whose dearest 1 cofistitutidnal rierhts" this bill prostrates ! Thus exhibiting the extraordinary spectacle, that the very section of the "country which is urging this measure, and carrying the sword of devastation against us, are at the same time incurring a new- debt, to be paid by thosewhose rights are vio lated ; while those who violate them are to re ceive the benefits in the shape of bounties and expenditures. j And for what purpose is the unlimited control f the purse and of the sword thus placed at tlie disposition of the Executive ? fTo make war a gainst one of the . free and sovereign members of this Confederation ; which the bill proposes to deal with, not as a State, but as a collection of banditti or outlaws. Thus exhibiting the impi ous spectacle of thi Government, the creature of the States making-war against the power to which it owes its existence. . The bill violates- the Constitution, plainly and palpably, in many of its provisions, by authoriz ing the President, at his pleasure, to place the tlitTerent ports oft his Union on an unequal footing, contrary to that provision of . the. Constitution which declares that no preference "should be giv en to one port oyer another. It also violates t.he Constitution, by authorising him, at his discretion, to impose' cash duties on one pbrtj while credit is allowed in others ; by enabling the President to regulate commerce, a power vested in Congress alone-'; and, by drawitig within the jurisdiction of ynw unneu b ates courts, powers never linenueu to be conferred on them. As. great as these ob jections vv,ere. theyVecamff-insignificant in the provisions of a.b4ll,i,JiicK,. ly . a si n'gle blow, by treating the StMeias a Vnere lawless mass of in-dividaals-prbtfates jthe barriers of the Conr stitution J -He wjould'pass over the minor consi derations, anil proceed i directly to the great point. This bill 'prbceda'n' tfiejffotfhd that the entire sovereignty ofiliis ebuntryjhelongs-to the Ame rican People, i fotThing" one '.great community, ano regarusiie. jsiaies as mere iracuons or coun ties, aiid jvof as an Integral part of the Union; hav- ihsr nolmore rikht to resist the ehcroadhments of the Government tftajiia county has to resist the auttidrity of tbeil'Stittie J and 'treating sucli resist ance as the lawless acts of so many individuals, without possessing1 sovereign or political lights. It has been said tiiat the bill declares war against South-Carolina. No ; it decrees a massacre of ner citizens ! war nas sometning ennobling a-bout-it, and, with all its horrors, brings into acti on the highest qualities, intellectual and moral. It was perhaps, in the order of Providence that it should be permitted for that very purpose; But this bill declares no war, except, indeed, j if be that which savages wage' a war, not against the community, but the citizens of whom that com munity is composed. But he regarded it as worse than savage warfare an attempt to take away life under the color of law, without the trial by jury, or any other safeguard which the Constitu tion has thrown around the life of a citizen ! It authorizes the Pre-ident, or even his deputies, when they may suppose the law to be violated, without the intervention of a court or jury, to kill without mercy or discrimination ! It was said by the Senator from Tennessee, :ii urrunoy, to oe a measure oi peace : x es, such peace as the wolf gives to the la kite to the dove ! Such peace as liussia .urib ) the peace as liussia g'.ves to Poland ; or death to its victim ! A peace by ex tinguishing the political existence of the State, by awing her into an abandonment of the exercise of every po wer which constitutes her a sovereign community. It is to South-Carolina a question of self-preservation, and I proclaim it, that should this bill pass, and an attempt be made to enforce it, it will be resisted at every hazard even that yi uc.iui iiacii. lie-in is ihjl uiu m caicai caiaiiiiiv ; i there are others still more terrible to the free and brave ; and among them may be placed the loss of liberty and honor. There, are thousands of her brave sons who, it need be, art prepared cheerfully to lav down their lives in 'defence of State, and the great principles of coiistiUiti- nal. lIb,ert-v for vUic!s1,e ' contending. God fol'b'd this should become necessary. It ne- ver can Dc unless tms government is resoivea to bring the question to extremity, . when hr gallant u"?. Wlil picpaieu puiwm ui i to die noblv " I g ( v.'d Mr. Calhoun) on the ground that thi (Constitution was nude by the Sta'ev; t .at it is a federal Ui.ion of the Stat. s, in wC.iih tin sev eral "t.-.tes stdl retain tlie:r -ovt reignu . If these vitws be correct, he had not characterized t: e bill t o strongly, which pn seuts tli.' question whether t hey be o be not. Id w ni l not enter iido the d scission of ?hat qu vion now He would re-i' it, for the prte it, 'on wi.a. lie ' ad snid on the introduction -f the res .lu'.ons . ovv on'the ta'de, u:djr a hp. ti a' another oppor- . in 1 1 wvu!d' b afforded for inort- am.de discas s on Mr would for the prt sent confine his ie mrks to the object. ons which had been ra sed tin.- vit-'ws which he ha'd pri"s.-nted wneii tie -troduced them. The adn.iity f Lutlur M:r t n h .d bet-n adduc-d ov tlie Srna'or Iron. Dc!a are to jrove that he c'.tizCi.s of u Si .i ,, acting ii. iter fhe au'honty o: a S'a e, were b!e t ) be 'uoisiied-'S 'traitors '-y diis G ncn.mtnt. As - nn- :ent a- !flr. viATtin was as a lawyer, and a-hi.iM. .s his authority might be considered, on legal '.int, lie could not ccept t, n leternucing tlie oint at iss'.ie. The attitude winch he occupied, if t-iktii in'o yew, would lessen, if not deBitoy, die w,'glit of his ;u hoiity. He had bi-eu vio len'ly opp'sed,-ii Convention, to the Constitution nd ;h- v-ry letter from which the Sejia:-;r h.-.d quoted, w is in ended to dissn .d Mary 'and from ts adoption. With tlvs v. w ii wa to b exoect ' dth -t evey consideration calcui .ie to cft'-ct that i.bj tsnotild tt urged ; tint real objections s'u uld :e eXrtgg'-rate.l, ind 1 1 i . those having no foundation except nure plausible deduct ons should be presented, li is to ti. is spirit ili. the attributed the opinion of Mr. Martin, in refer., nee the point under considerati n. But if Ins au- ., . i . . ... ? . i. . i 3?' s " I S toe t?q ulty to on tuer. u nis op.mon ue sutficiei.t to prove thai a citiz m ot tUe State may he punisl, j as a tra.fr when actiug under ; dU t ,u Slat it is al0 surRc cnt to show su .. . . i i. i .i tha, n,; authority was intended to be.iven the f vntitut ion for die nroiect on of uiaiiif ctures inutuuon ioi uie p.oiecion ot man u ctuies by .he Gct-ral Government, and thu til. pro v,sioI1 iu ,he Constitution, pejwtmg a S'a e to !. an impost dutv with the consent ot Cone-re was mteiutej t. r -serve the r.Pju f pro ec'ion ...... c- . ... i ..... ...... io uie amis liiciuvjircx, :..u uin' citu jiae should pio'ecv its own industry. Assuming his opinion to be of equal aut .oiity on bo h points, how mbarrassing ould Oe the atitude in whicli it W'iuIJ place the Sui.t.T from Delaware, and those wi'.h whom he is acting that of using the sword and the bo et to nforoe the execution of an unconstnutio.i 1 - ci of Congress, lie nns; express his surprsethat the slightest authority in favor of power should oe leceivedas the most conclusive evidence, ahile ihaUwhich is at least equally strong in f .vor of right and liberty, is wholly overlooked or rejecud. Notwithstanding U that has been said, he must I say, that neither the ienat.-r from Delaware, (Mr. Ch.yton) uor any other who had spoken o i the sa:ne s de, had .'needy and lairiy met the gre;;t questions at issue : Is thisna federal union ? a union of States as distinct from that of individ uals ? Is the sover. ignty in the s -ver d St .tes or in the American people in the aggrga e ? T e very language winch we are coiiiplleil to Use, when hpeakmg of our political instiiutions, af fords j roof conclusive as to its real character. The-terms union, federal, united, all imply a combination of sovereignties a confederation of States. They s.re n.-ver applied loan association of individuals, i vyho eer heard of the Un ted Stati of New-Y rk, ol ilass .chusttts, or of Vir ginia f" V ho ever heard of the teim led. ra! or Union applied to the aggregation of individiiais into one community ? N -r is the other point less clear hut the sovereignty is in the several Stktv s, and th .t our system is a union of tweiitv twur sovereign powers, undtra constitutional compact, Si not of a divided sovereignty uetw'een the States severally and the United States. In .spite of ail ihut had been said, he maintained that sovereignty is, in its nature, indivisible. It is the supreme power in a Staie, and we m ght just us well speak of h dl'a square, or haif of a trian gle, as of half a sr-vertignty. It is a gross er;or to confound the exercise of sovereign powers with $uvertig7ity itseilf ; .r the delegation ot sucti p'ow is with a surrender of tnem. A 'sovereign may delegate Ins powers to be exercised ly as many ageniy, s tie may think proper, under such con ditions and witn such limitations us he tn.y iim pose ; but to surrei.U T any poruon of his sover eignly 10 another w to annihilate the wh le. I he S nalor from Delaware iMr. C la. ton) calls this m.t..piiysiea1 reasoning,' Which, he s.s, he cauno compreihend.;'. If by neaphys'Che means hai scho -.s-i.c refinement whicli inakes distinc tions wihout ddfen nee, no one can hold it in more u'ter con enipt ttan he (Mr. C.) but'if on he coi.traiy .e nieiiisthepower of andytiis and combination i tiat po er winch reduces the most cum: k x idea into its elements, vvli ch traces g u- se, to tneii firt pi inciple, and by the pow'f.r tif gener ! zat ion ;a n I comb mat ion,, unites tne whole to one h;rminioussv stein '; thci so far Iroui d i sVrvn conteihp?, it is tue highest vilriouie 01 (tie hitaun mind, h itue uer whisk Uises man abov the brutewhich distinguishes hs faculties fro n mere sagacitv which he holds in common wjr h i inferior nnimals. If is this power winch h-iSf ijet :hr astronomer from being a m; re g.zer jt th - ttir., to the hiLdi intellectiial eminence-rt : a Newt-.n or a La PlareA and as- "u"v vy us f from a.mere oiiservatioritof insula i ted facts i'o th it , noble science which displays o our adifMon. the system of the uni verse. And shalhlliis itrh power of the mind, which has ef7Vct4l such wonders, when directed tothe laws which" control he material world, be forev- r pro'ii , under a senseless crv of metaphy sics, (rorri i being- applied iQ Mie hijrh purpose of pol.iical Krjerrce, and Ieg:slat:on. He held them .o be subject; tolaws 's fixed s ma'ter itstK a d y ie as fij a subject for the application of the highest injtelifictual power. Denunciation may 1 deed f.illJuRO'i the philosophical enquirer into tr.tse fi'rht Jrinciples,.as it did upon Galileo and Ha: .ii, . wlen th y first unfoldeti f.e gr-at 'dis c; ver,es,' v'hjch''have inmortdized their mi nes; ut the tiewil! come when irtith will prevail Is 'P.'te oi ?jrj;idice and denunciation ;and wnen pnl licsan4! gisl .tion will b - considered as much X sciet.ee- si is'Tynomy and chemistry. Jn co Va on with this part of the "subject," he Uii.le:s'.-.od5. he Senator from Virginia (Mr. Hives) to say thatSsov:er. ig-nty was divided, and th .t a . orti.ii reruaihed ilh' the States, several'.y, and hat the Vt-y&lue was vested in the Union. By Union, he Supposed that tf.e Senator meant the U uted Sta ins. If such be his meanin ; if he in e nded to alarm, that the sovereignly Wa3 in the iw eiity-foti : ta,u s;ii wltateyei II - lit he miftlil view them, tjieii opinions would not disagree'; but according to his' (Sir. Ci's) conception, the whole soyt-i'iri,ty ;Was in the several States, w i.i;e tl:e xrcise of sovereign powers was di vided --a p!i ,heing exercised under compact, thiouii thisaUcntial Covernine.it, and the resi due throu;lrtiie separate State Governments. iut if the jjin'aior ti orn Virginia (Mr. li'.ves,) 'Tiemttoisij, that 'he twentv-fou States form ed but . on'e"djmiTuini'tv, with a single sovereign pwer, as toljhe objects oftlie Union, it would he but. the. revival of the old q -estion, of w iie t!u r the U-.i-m was a union bet ween States, as (list net coinfpiinities,or a mere agreate ofthe Ann ridan p)ffie, as a mas of individuals and in, tli -s light luypinions would lead directly to con-( soiidatioi:. :r. ' f But to rei to the bill. It is said that the bill ought to paj.becaue the iawmust he enf reed. I he iaw Hi'iJ be eifo:ctd- The Imperial Mdict :i.ut De eu;uted. Ii is under such sophistry, couched in-nerd terms, w itliout l oking to the i md Uioys -'pi'ch must ever exisi in tlie practical eseic'45- ofi'iwer. - that the most cru-l and des potic acts evldi ave been covered. It was such sophis-ry asirjfijv, that cast Daniel into the Lion's den, and thefrlire;- Innocents N.to'the fiery fur nace. ' Under'tiie same sophistry die bloody e dicts of 'i;err- Caligula wer? executed. The law n.iKf b enforced. Yes, the' tea tx must be ese.6ut'.l." This was th. very urs'iim. m which impelled Lovd North and his adm'misUa 'i n in t !aa in d career which forever s-p ..rated us fVom.,itiei liritish crown. Under a simdir sn phisiry,,' tliatnehgloit must be protected," how niany mass teres hve been perpetrated? an I how niiBiiy yiariyrs have been tied t the .stake What ' aclLig ,:i this vagur abstract. on, .re you prepar. 4 tt enf i.rce a law, without considering wlveihcr it 4jbe' just Kr unjust, constitutio ud or unconstitiitioriai ? VVill you c-'llect money when it is acknowledged that it is not wanted lie wiio Cams t je fiV.;n y who digs it from the eaith witii the sivgat ofliis :rovv, has a just title to it aauist , th;: unii re. No one has a right 'o touch it wiviout his dbnsent, except his Govern ment, and -only to the extent of its legitimate wants ; to ttr :emTe is roboery, and you propose by this bjjl ; o eiift. ice tlie robbery by murder. Yr.s,t ihi'sfsalt you must Ci.me.by liiis miseiable 'sophi!frJ. f iis vugue abstraction, of fcflforc'uig ttK law wit tut a regard to the fact whether the law be' just; r. jhnjust, constitutional or unconsti tutional. Tn the sai-ie spirit -we are told, that the Union must be prterved, without regar.1 to th;- means. And how ifut prop osed to preserve the Union ? By foj c-e . J i',5joe8 any man. in his senses, believe "dial this !euti'ful structure this harmii.ious ag gregate of. States, produced by the joint con sent of nil, lejftn be preserved by force Its very in'rodu'etio will be. certain destruction to this Federal Union ." No, no. You cannot keep the States United u ilieir constitutional .nd federal bonds b force Force may, indeed, hold the parts together.; but such union would be the oond be' Ween master and slave ; a union of ex c.ion on one S;de, and of unqualified obedience on the other. 'Hia'i obedience luch we ;re to.d by the Senator from Pennsylvania, (Mr. Wilkins is' he Union ! Yes,- t xatt.or. on tlie-side of the ma tei fop this very bill is intended to collect what can no longer call ry contribution ?f a free ed taxes tne volunt . people ; iut tribute, tr.Dute fq colle- ted under the mouths of the caui.on! itloiir custom h'ou e is already transfer red to u g4 isoii, and thwt garrison, with its bat teries turn;.tl, jiot ..gainst the enemy of your country, by t on .suhjectsj (I will not say citizens) on whofm yhy. propose to levy contributions. Has rejisoii. tl d from our borders? Have we cease'K fb r illect ? It is madness to suppose that the Union toe-fuesei ved by force. I ted you plainly,jfh it'the bill should it pass cannot be enforced. it. will prove only a blot upon your statute boo'; ,;a reproach to .he year, and a dis grace toMh.ij. -American Senate. 1 repeat, tiial it will o e .executed ; it w 11 rouse the dor niant spiiit jt tlfe people, and op n their eyes to the appft .;tch of desp.otism. Ti.e country has sunk inj) aCiriGe and political corruption, from w hich hot hiiig could aiouse it, hui some Vni asurc On l he pah -if the Government, .of foilv and mad ness, such life that now under consi.leration. . Disgujse tt as you may, the controversy is one between power and liberty, and he would tell tlie gentlenfirn. who are opposed to him, .that as strong as might be the love of power on their side, theJove'o.f hbeityis, still stronger on outs. llisiory furnishes mayiy. instances ot g)es,w here th,e love of libei ty haspr fiuuar si.cui- prevalifeiiagainst power, under every Uisa.lvantae, ana ai:iong them lew uiore striking than that. -of our ow n revolution where as strong as was the parent country t)d as feeble as were the colonies, yet under; the' npujse of liberty and ihi blessing of G. d, they gloriously triumphed in the contest, 'fiie re were indcci, many and stnki .g an-ilog.es between thatt 'and the present controversy : they oi.tliiiriginaieif substantially; in tbtf same cause, with thisSl; erence, that, in the present case, the poe"riof -taxation is converted intoih.t; of i-euiaiing jrtdustry, iifthat,: the power of regsi. Jating. liry by the-regul tion of cum uterce, Wi'liemp'ed to be converted into the power of 4t!on. Wtre he to t ace the aaklo gy farther, jTei Would find thaV te perversion of Uie taxing ti ciwer, in one caf has gtvitjpre csely the Jte, control to tiie;ii6ither.i ecfoii over th iry if t lie ouiiherftection of t he itmoiy wii f vie p wer to regulate camtnercc gave to'Gii Biniri ovi r the in lusiry olr l lOQ:ea ; h,-t ttle Tc y ai ti.lei i.-y wincT f.lO Alia I - the? If w . " i colonies were permitted to have a free trade, and those in which the rijother country had . monopoly, are almost ideuicay the same as those und r which the Souf hern States are n.e mitted to have a fred tiade by -he ' at of 1832, anl which .he Northern States have, bv the-itrhe act, secured a monbioly the only difference in the means i in the form?.- the colonies wer4. permitted to have a frbetr.d, With all countries south of C ;pe Finisterre, a cape in the northern part of Spain ; awhde iorth oftliat the trade of the colonies was prolnihited except through the mother country, by rrieans of her commercial re gulations. If we compare the products of" the country norh,and sou'di of Caiiefinlstrre, we will find them almost identic d with the list of ti.e protected and unprotected articles coht .ined in the act of last vea,r. Nor does the analogy terminate here. The very arguments resorted to at the commencement of tlie American revo huion, and the measures adopted, and the mo tives assigned tobriigon thut contest, (to en force the law) are almost identically the same,v But, (said Mr. Calhoun,) to return from this digression to the consildera: ion of the bill. W hat ever opinion rray exist upon other points, there is one in which he would suppose there could be none : that thisbili rests on principles whicS, if carried :.it, wi;l ride overstate sovereignties, and that it will be idle for any of its advocates hereafter to tall; of SNte rights. The Senator from Virginia (Mr. liives) says that he is the ad vocate of Slate lights ; but he nvist permit me to tell him that although he maydifl'jr in preiiii--es fn.in the other geiitleina i with wh m iie ac s on this O' casion, yet; in supporting this bill he obliterates . very vestige of dist'uit.tion between him a. id them ; saving only that, professing the principles of '95, his example will be more per nicious than t hat of tlie most open and bitter op ponents of the rights! of the Mates, lie would' dso add, what he was compelled o 3av, that he must consid. r him (S'r. Kives, ) as less consist tut than our old opponents, whose conclusions were fairly drawn from their premises, whilst his premises ouqdit to; h:ie ed him to opposite conclusions.' The genilem m has to'd us that the new fancied doctrines, as. he choose to cai! them, had brought State nh's into disrepute. He must tell Ii'iti, in.replj, th.t what h-; called new fangled, are but the doctrines of '93, and that it is he, (Mr Rives, ) and others with him, who, professing the.se doctivnes, had degraded them by explaiuingaway their nieaningand effi cacy. He (Mr. U.) had disclaimed in buhalf of Virginia, the authorship of lnillific it ion. Mr. C. would not dispute that point. If Virginia chose to thiow away one of her brightest ornaments she must not hereafter com plain that it had be come the property of another. But while as a li. preseiil.tive ofCarolim, lie had no light to complain of the disavowal ofthe Senator from Virginia, he musi believe --that he (.Mr. li.) had done h's native State great injustice, by declar ing on this floor, that' when she gravely resolv ed, in '93, 'ii-.t " in cases of deliberate and dan g. rous iniractiohs of the Constitution, the States, as parties to the compart, have the right add are in duty bound, to interpose to arrest the progres of che evil, and to maintain w tUin their respec tive limits the authorities, rights and liberties ap-per-. .ning to them," meant no more than to r dain the right to protest and remonstrate. To suppose that i;i puttitg foith so solemn a decla ration, which slie afterwards sustained by ss able and elaborate an argument, she i.eant no more than to assert what no one had ever denied, would ba to su.ipo.se. that the State had been guilty of the most egregious tniiing that ever was exhibited on so solemn un occysi m. Mr. C. said thai in reviewing the ground over which he had passed, it would be apparent that . i . .1. : 1 J ... -H i ne question in controversy mvoiveu mat mos deeply important of all political questions, Whether ours was a federal or a consolidated Government. A question on the decision of which depends, as he solemnly believed, th libeity of the People, their happiness, and the place which we are destimd ti hold in the moral and intellectual scale of Nations. Never was there a controversy in which nioreimport.int consequence-, were involved, not excepting that 'between Persia and Greece, decided by the battles of Marathon, platea, and Sal.imis, which g .ve ascendancy to the. genius of Eu rope over that of A-ia 4 and which, in its con sequences, has condnhed to effect the destiny -f s.j large a portion ofthe world, even to this da. There is, said Sir. (J. often close analogies between events apparently very remote, wh ich are strikingly illustrated n th;s case. In the great contest between Greece and Persia, be tween European and Asiatic polity ind civiliza t on, tlie very quesdon between the Federal and consolidated form .f Government Was nt!ved. The Asiatiic Gov. rnme.-ts, from the r; mutest t mc, with 'Some exceptions on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, have, been based on tne principle of consul. ddion, which considers the whole community as but a u-.it j and consolidates its powers in a central p .iut. I he oppos te principle has prevailed in Europe Greece, throughout all her States, was b..sed on a federal system. Ail were united in one common, but loose bond, and the Governments of the several fctates pat took, for the most par', of a complex organ zation, which distiiiuted political power amor g diifereiit members of the community. Tne same principles prevailed in ancient I'aly ; and if, we turn to the Teutonic race, our great ancestors, the race which oc cupies the fi st j lace in power, civilization, aiyl science, and which possess the largest and the fairest part, of Europe, we will find "that their i veriimei)t.s were based on the federal organization, as has beer clearly illustrated by areccnt nd able writer on the Hrilsli consituiion (Mr. P..lg(ave,) froin whose writings hein.r dn ced the following extract : , In this manner the first establishment of the Teutonic States was effected They were as- sembl .gcs of sects, clus, ami tribes : they were confederated hosts and armies, led on by priu. cts, mag is-, rat s, and. chit f.ains, eadi cfwhom j-as wiginaliy independent, ami each of whom lost a portion of h.a- pristine iiFiepenJence, in proportion as heiand aiiircompeers -htCame u.ir-t'-d under he. sifp'reni;ACj of a sovereign, who was superinduced-urah the State, first as a Md 'larv commarider.fafterwar Js as a king. Yet, noiwithsU ding this po.itical couiiexioti, each member ofthe State Ciulu.ued tOTetaih a cor sidenble portion' of t-.e rights. ofsx)vereiguty. Every ..ncient Teutonic monarchy must be considered as a federation j it is 'not an unit, "of whici. the small.. r bodies oiitic therein con tained ore the' tract 1611', but the) are the integer, a d the Stale is the multiple which result, form tiiesn., Dukedoms and counties, burghs a-nd baronies, low'nsaiul Xownsiups, and siilres, from tlie kingduuH5tirt.rcjjree.tRU gers ;o eacu o-her,-nSiieilurajff ' jurisdfcuun tluugii ah obed.entl olei$upreme ' executive .lu.uuMwt O - - - y - . ry - r not :U.iy strictly a;pilicaible in tern i itfW ys luthor.tv. Uiis general uescnutipruv uiougti i stihUiTlianj-M.'r601-"?'': ue' omes Mccessa: to dis.iird tne larigu. e hich oeti Very; &nrVf- employ td in JtrfU- 1 rv on the K,HgIish constitut-nn. It has b I hunl posed thtt the kingdom was reducel into f r-gr: ular and gf-ndtial suiiordinatfon of Government, and that the varioua legal .districts of which it ' is composed, Mroe from the division? of thq country. But this hipothesis, which tend? great . ly to perpjpx our history, cannot be supported by fact ; and instead of veiiu? the constitution " H&Jk .whole, and then nrf.ce r.ii to t nif-.c w. musrf!nine it vnhtic-t1ly, and assume th t the sii!)remttthorities of tlie State were cre ated by .he c6cjtaration of tne powers origin nallv b.lonying to thVemuersaiul corporations -ofwh;ch it is ci TiposedtrerJKi!tC,.ffav- 1 itj a munoii o auj'jiirn j O'l th.- next d v. Mr. &;ilhb;irt nraciiiiA hv jemarking ihat he ha.l omitted atsthehv proper place, in the course of his observations agister day, two or three poii.U to whicn he' Wouhl W.V auvi- it, oeior- ne resume J the UCus9ion where, he had left oil", lie bad -stated that the ordinanr and acts of South Carolin i were directed, not , agaiusi the revenue, buagalh3ttAejsystem,ojf Po ; tecti n. i)ut it might be asked, if sujChVas herob ject, how happens it "that she tini defa? ed the whole s stem void revenue as weUjosprotcjiion, without discrimination .' It is this cpiestjon whi di he proposed to answer. Her justification vVoul 1 be found in the necessity nfi thejease and, ifi there b any blame, it ci)iildJ not . attach to! her. Th.; two were so blended, throughout the whole, as to make the ei.tire revenue system subordi nate to he protection, so as to constitute a cor.i ph te system of protection, in which it was im- x possible f) discriminate the two f-lements of V which it is composed. Sout h-Oaofm at least could not make the discrimination, and she was reduced to the alternative-of acquiescing in a s 3iem which she beleived to be uncofis'tUuiional, and which site felt to be oppressive ami ruinous, I? or, to consider the whole as one, j3fi'!l!y ; cor.. Uim.uated thrjug'j all its parts, by.the unconsti- , lulional ty of the protective portion and, as sncl , to be resisted by the act of the Stat. His ma'mtune 1 that the State had a right to regod ' d i;i ttie latter character, and (hat if a los pt' revenue followed, the fault was not hers, but tif this Gove rnment, which bad improperly bleu 'ed together, in a manner not to be separated by the S;de, two stems wholly ciissijmibr. "tf (ha sincerity of the Suite be doubfett if it betsjip posed th:t her action is at-ainst revenue asi well .is prottction, let the two be 'separated $tet sd much of the duties as are intended for revenue, be put in one bii!, and the residue intended for protection be put in -another, anu he plejtlgerl himself (hat the ordinance and the .acts 'f the State would tease as to the form r.iand be direct -cd exclusively against the lattr-K . 'V -He stated, in the course of hisjterOarks- yes-. terdcy. and trusted he had conclusively showii I that the ..ct of IBIS, with the eicepUpitfof a single item, to which he hJfd alluded, was, in re- ality a revenue, measure,' and that Carolina amir the p'her State,' in supporting it had 'not in curre-d the slightest responsibility! in relation ,to,'f i the system of protection, which had since gowif up, and which now distracts the Country. jrlSif1 i said Mr. C. I am willing as one of ithe prese.. i tsiives of Carolina, andi I believe, I speak the sentiment of the State, totakethid act as'theba-rj sis of a permanent adjustment of the t riff.l Hiraitj ply reducing the duties, in an average pi opor tion, on all the items, to tlie revenue point: it J make that offer now to ti.e advocates ofthe1 pro ; teciive yys'-em j but I must, in candor, inform them, that such an adjustment would distributs i the revenue between the protect eid and unpro- ectcd articles more favorably to tlie States 'and 7 to tlie South, and less so to the rlianufac'uriffg . t interests, than an average nnifot ni' ad va'uiem.f and, accordingly, more so than that now, pro- : posed by Carol. na ihiuugh Jier Coikveotioh. Ai: ter such an oiler, no man who valued his can- j dor, w II darer accuse the State, or. those who ; h .ve re)rt sented her here, with inconsistency in reference to 'tlie point under consideration. , He omitted, also, on yesterd .y to notice a f remark ofthe Senator from Virginia, (Mr. Hives,) that the only difficulty in adjusting the tnfiV j grew out of the ordinance jnd theaciS of South Carolina He must attribute an assertion, so r-t consistent with the fact 'Jo an ignorance ofthe occurrences of th lat fcV years, iri reference to ' this subject, occasioned by the absence ofthe gen- i tleman trom the United States, to Which he him self ha a'.luded jn his remarks. If th" Senator will tjke p tins to "inform himself,' he will find that this protective syst. m advanced with a?con. tinned and rapid step, in spite. of petitions, j,je- ., ' monsttai.ces, and protests, at not only CaroUlia, but also of Virginia and of all the Southern States, until 18-Jl ; when C .rolina for the tir- tim. , change. 1 the char.cter of her resistance, by holding up her reserved rights a- the shield of her defence against t'ur her encroachment. Th'S attitude alone, unaided by a single State, arrested tlie Hi ther progress of the system, '.so that the quet:i,.n from that period to this,-ou ti.e pit of the hiauufactiirers, has beeq, not holv to acquiie more, but how to retain thafwhich tliey have acquired. He would inform the .gentle man that if this attitude, liad not been taken on the patfof the Stated the question would not no he, how duties ought to oe repealed, but a quesiion as to the protected art-ciJe beiwceif prohibi ion oniyne side, and the duties establish ed by the act of 182$, 011 Mie othef.'' IJut a sin g e'remu'k w.ll be suflicieiit in repjy to what he must consider the imidtods remark ofthe Se:na tor from V.gi.iia M '.' llfveSij Th$ act of 1832. which has not yet gcyie into operation, and which 'j was passed but ate w months since,-was declared, 1 by the supporters of the system to be a p&rmci Jient .adjustment, aodtjie bfll proposed ojr tlKV l"rea:jury Department," notessriitrally diHerent" from the act itstwas ui hke';'nianercred; 10 be iniendedbye' admimstralt0at''per m .nent arrangement. What I.aspcCuired siux , eacept this ordinance, and these abused acts wf the cdnm.iiated Stale, to prcnlnce'fthis might'. 1 evolution in reference t this odioux 8)tem ?' Unless tlie, Senator fro.tt Vr,uiircih.assig i Mtime other cause, he is bound, upcjn .'eVery pr.u ciple of laines, to retract this unjuit spcrsioi upon the acts of South-Caroliniu t' , ' .' V After noticing, said Mr. 0. i another om!sioMV?i he would pr.wceed wrth his retnajks. 't Ue$&(-& ' tor, fro n l4iiware'01r ClJrytphj M 'd h others, h-d relied -iith great emphasis on Ui 4 f.ct, it. at; we are citizen of he (JnitMf'tats. I, said Mr. C. do Wo0 tmject to the t xressim uor shah J detract (roni the .proild and elevated fee lings rwith jwliich it is associated ; bottbti trusted th:rt heCntight be perufittetl to1 riehi inquiry, in wimt mannef are we citizens ofilfiJ ' Uimed states, without weakening tiie patriot. 3 teeltng with which he trusted i; woojd ever btf 1 uJteied. If by citizen of the Unittd Sta.es hi nieai.t a citizen at Urge, one wi.oe ctizertsi'.ji exte'nded to the entire geographical Ii.u.ls -if the Cou.itry, without havng a local cilizeiwu. r in soh.ilate or Teiritory, son of citiZeVi of w , wr . - ' J - - it;'2.tn ; wouid ik prf ct non-dr script ti.e wofKt, an ne n-to 10 s..y was. i.ia .itu.. a i l!..t nut a s.5jf lc i:divdval Of ' th.s disoript.o OH.J tie r-)Tvunil iiVthe eniVc'loa-iif of our populauo... K(tS itwUkdH' ' ; tiie -:9.d ai d iviauf v its A St I fi t 1 1 -4 it t 1 i;i, t . j V.v-.l!- -f - m ti
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 26, 1833, edition 1
1
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