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A - j- j- i OSWARP'D BY I Irtt 1 ' - - RAGE, TO LIVE LIRE BROTHERS TUESDAY, APRIL 16,! 1833. ' "4 - ' IE. ; . . tk&i -A!-n?:-V..;,i,iy.-5-- '.- - : :, , .-."i1 " - - . (! , ... l' - -V'-V" ? ; .-' ' 'r OURS ARE tub plans of fair delightful peace, unwi - --. , i a ft p W I Uvfa;& Son,. Raleirfw Norlk-Caro1iia. TE RNS J T n t.t! 'lioti. a 'per;n ijui jo Vvhal f in vance. Tlioe wholn ;.no.t,:eiilliieP,at4lie time n, sun- scribirtjfi'or suhsequ-rttly; give notice of their w j sh to Have tl e lu p e r )fl tsconli iitt eclat the ex sirinjr Hs borttinuKHCC urvtjl countt rmaned. y..t e-x6ledin' will, be mserteu ArrtitnM for a Dollar and wenty:five cents i ...kcnnno'ni niihliealion : those of iUT 3 IV" ai"v-.'.- i greater lenjflh; i-t t h e same -prop fTt ton . If the number of insr4ions be not marked on tbein.they will be tontinued until ordered out, Jtid charged aVftordinglw - THE G Ittl AT DR B ATE. ii.'jjLj nil re lliving1 "jriven.to our rentiers mi-. vtnvM Speech &ni Mr. AVcbster'sIlaply on the b. Carolina doctrincsj wc had jintended here io have lefMhje subject r bnt jNlr. Calhoun hav-, 311 come oat with a rcjoinddr, though wc can -notVgive it' at full '''length, wc think it proper 'to pubUsh 'some, extract- from it.. After some prefatory retnnrks, , Mr. Calhoun paid, the Senator from M -issachu- setts,in UmaTgumenl against the resoiuu- ; that .'it a! read t appeased, that ours is a federal system ; svstetn of Sta'e, arranged n a federal Uninrj. and each re tainittg its d isti net cx i steuce and save r- eignty.. - ,, ; ,J . , Mr. C. hre lead a ion; extract from Tucker's Blackstonc in support M the tlwory. -J' j - : j : If, "saijl Mr. C. we compare our present sysleni with the old confederation, which all acknowledge to hove ben federal in Us character,- we shall; unit that it pos sesses all th attributes which belong to that form of govern todnt, ias fully anl completely a "that di(. In fact, in this partimlnr there is but a sinj'e difference, anil that not esscntiallas regards the point immediately under consideration, though very important in other respect.; The confederation was the act of the State go vernment!, and formed in union of gov ernments. The present Constitution is the act of the States themselves, or, which is the same thing, of the people of the se veral States, arid forms ''.a n union of them as overeifjrn communities. The States, previous to the adoption of the Constituti on, were; as separate and distinct political bodies as the governments which repre sent; them, and there is nothing in the na ture of things to prevent them from uni ting under a compact, in a federal Union, without being blended in one mass, any more than1 uniting tht? governments them selves, in itke4 manner,, without merging lo illus trate what I have stated, by reference to ordinarv transactions, the confederation was a contract between agents- the pre- rtns, Oirecieu m. .uw ..t Constitution between the mincioals iV,.;nct thi tir-t. nti tnp jrround. Isun-I . . . '., W .T "I:,.." u" .ul 4u' themselves: iiose, that u was ine uasis ui me uiiil-i two, and that unless the Ersticould be de- a. 1. . s (hn hii ft f ho nt nifti 1 - 7 . jKise, voamw , , ' cous caSc, one is a league made by ambits- jliui ioiitvi. v- . ! aratn-ns tltn liKor nn nwirf. rpniluior til s nl.tin antl asi , . e . . . o . . . . lnmlo tht nartips into n single soverei?ntv man me lonner. .inc oiuy uiueneutc is in the solemnity of the act and the force In this he was right. siitiple a, the facts contained in re. they cannot be admitted to be true, - - - . . . .. i . without admitting the doctrines tor wnicii I. -and the State I represent, contend. j He (Mr. V.) commenced ni attacK wun a viM-bal criticism on the resolution, in flie course of which he objected strongly to hvo words constitutional" and 44 ac cede." To the! former, on the ground that the word, as used, (constitutional compact,) was obscurethat it conveyed no definite meaning ; and that the consti- ntinn was a noun substantive, and not an of the obligation. Mrl G. contended, that the States have a far clearer right to the sole construction of their powers, than any of the depart ments of the Federal Government-pan have j tins power; is expressly reserved, as he had stated on another occasion, not only against the several departments of the General Government, but against the , United States themselves. Mr. C. here referred to the ratification mi a. the Senator from Massachusetts has struggled hard to sustain his cause : but the load was too heavy for him to bear. I am not surpris ed at the ardor and . aeal with which he has entered into the controversy. It is a great struggle between power ami liberty power on the side ot the iSorth, and u- MR. WEBSTER'S REJOINDER. February 2. Mr Ve3ster said that, having already occupied so much of the time of tiie Senate on ti)e general subject, he should not do more thari make a very few observations, in reply to what the honorable member from Carolina had now advanced. The gentle man said Mr. W. does me injustice, in suggesting the possibility that any remarks of mine could have been made for the pur pose of obtaining, favor, in any quarter, bv an appearance of hostility to him. fMr. Calhoun rose, andaid he had only suggested it, as a m itter of possibility I hope it is not even possible, continued! Mr VV. that my support or opposition of important measures, should be influenced by consideration? of tnat kind. Between the honorable member and myself, perso nal relations had always been friendly. We came into Congress, now near twenty years ago, both ardent young men ; and however widely we may have differed at any time, on political subjects, our pri vate intercourse has been one of amity and kindness. Mr. Calhoun rose, and said these remarks were just such as he himself hadjntended to m;jke3 The honorable member considers my remaiks on the use of the phrase con stitutional compact,"asn'ot well founded, and says he has my own authority against myself. He quotes from my speech, in 1830." But I did not, on that or any oc casion, call the Constitution a constituti onal compact. In the passage to which he refers, I was speaking of one part ot the agreement, on which the Constitution was founded, viz. : the agreement that the slave-holding States should possess more than an equal proportion of represen tatives That, I observed, was matter of compact, sanctioned by the Constitution ; it was an agreement, which being adopted in the Constitution, may be well enough called a constitutional compact; but that is not equivalent to saying, that the Constitu tion of the United States is nothing but a constitutional compact between sovereign States. The gentleman must certainly remember shat my main object, on that occasion, was to establish the proposition stated in the same speech, that tne Con stitution was ?io a compact, bet iv een Stales, but a Constitution, established by the adjective. I regret that I have exposed Convention by Virgin',; myself to the criticism of the Senator. I T nnri n, M cert a'mVv did not intend to use any ex- , .u..rri. i pressmn ot a uouottui sense ; ami h i fave done-so, the; Senator must attribute it to the poverty of my language, and not to design. I trust, however, that the Se nator will excuse me, when he comes to hear my apology. In matters oT criticism, aiunoriiy ,Su. ,Mc m,?uC31 ...M. v bep on lhc.gid of the South. BuN 1 nave an aumo ut m u ihsu a tuaiuuu .... -i- T . t- .i.;u in this case, tor using the express wn which th(.Senator n,)m ftlasriaclusetts has taken, he consider, so obscure "o "cpn.; . j mQst eXpress iy ama7.e,nent at the tut.onai, aswu, ju.Mij ,. - principles advanced by the Senator from eves. It is no less than the authority of . x, . T X , i - tr i Georgia, nearest me, (Mr. rorsyth.) I th. Senator himself s-iven on a solemn . : f ' v Vi, ,J, ' l "" . ,. x, tj. had supposed ir was impossiDie, mat one loccasion (the discussion on Mr. Foot's 1 11 . -i , 1 V .11 . i vjii.a3iii ",v . . . . . ... I nf-kt priipi'tpnr.p and .s:irir.itv. should not 1 resolution) and doubt ess with great ue i- w"r . r . , i r . i reauiuiiuiiai ... . . perceive the new and dangerous direction Deration, aliei iliivui" uuiy ri"neu iiic- . . , ... . - - . . . . . UC"UI ' . . , n wlurh thi enntroversv is about to take. ik. arnFoiiCinn I H Oi-u Mr. I " I , J . iuii-c ui mk 7v.; r For tiie first timelfwe have heard an omi- read Irom Mr emster s speecn in repiv r . 4 n '.. w ..r it ' nous reference to a provision in the Con to Mr. ia ue, . c u. - u.- stUol5on which I have never known to be leu atates, ueuvcicu juu. , iojw, f, r n i i - 1 " ' before alluded totin discussion, or m con fri nurs I I . . ! . -J . . . nexion with any ol our measures, ire y 1 l,5om?u? r? T ,nc,a,uin 1 '"ve fer to that provision in the ! Constitution, Where 1 una ll in uic iiiuivir- ui inch own unv- . . . . . , nmentft. If is their afiair, not mine. Nor do ' wnicii uic wcneirti form of it, folloJ'Sr'the official and authen tic language ap; to tiie transaction to which it refers. VI again say, if he will follow that lans age, if he will state ac curately what ijs done, and thenstate his proposed inferjce, that inference will be out of all sig i from his premises. Let him say nothing qf compact because the people said miff ing of ir ; let him not as sert that the pejple' of the States acted as sovereign -co-fylhunities, because they have nt said Mo. Let him prescribe what the people t.ld, inthcir own language. U will then sfan that the People ratified this Conffifufionbr frame, of Government: Now, s"n the jrtre substitution f this just anil true phraseology strikes away the whole fouwjrVlion of the gentleiiiau's argument. He'innot stand a moment, except on tlie iVjUjul of a compact between sovereign fibnhniitfljcs. Compact, there fore, andrsuc.k .compact, must keep its place, in. his .fit;,t resolution, or eUe his chain of reaohgb'eaks in the first link. Me is, therefor ; tn iven to the necessity of assuming w'n'cannot be proved, and of giviog a hi'sty of the formation of this Coiih'itution,' ee.htially different from its true history; . He is compe'led to rc ject the Janguagr of, the Constitution it self, ahl to rrjift also the language used -by the people ojj.jp.very one of the States, when they, adopted it; anil to lay the corner stone ot' his.wliole argument on met e assumption. The holi arable. gentleman does not un derstand how he Constitution can have a compact, or consent, for it's bnsi and yet not be, a efianpact between sovereiiin States. It''apars to me the distinction is broad and lain enough. The peo ple may ag-ie:? to lorin a government tins is assent consent, or this is the so Sal compact of the Euro pean writers.. When tle Government is formed, it ; rests on this assent ol the governetl, tljt. is, it rests on the assent of the people. The whole er ror of the; gcj tlem-an's argument arises from the hotiu !, that the people, of" their own authoritv can make but one govern .nent ; or that, e people of all the States, have not unitej, and cannot unite, in es tablishing a cojfjtitution, connecting them together," direty, as. individuals, united tinder one ' got'lrivnient. He seems un- willing to adniit, that while the people ol piaifj ma uiuie Government. Thisiutal and all in.por tant question, Jhe Pejewill' decide, and in deciding it, they wiH detei-m"n whether by: ratifying' the presenGox- STlTUTlON" AMD FRAME OF OOVEMRNT they mean to nothing' more thHrrtol amend the articles of the ion. old confeilera- POWEIt OF STATR LKGISLATU11ES. From the frequent interference of stime of tiie State .Legislatures. with the fncial acts and deportment of the United States' Senator?, it has become an inquiry of some importance, to ascertain how far the for mer-may go in the exercise of Ijjislative I authority over the scats and official ex istence of the latter, consistent! v with rhe free and unrestrained ac.'ion ofCong-pss. The question should be early and definite ly settled. The right recently set up bv two or three of.thc Strife. Legialaturcs not to 'advice or instruct hut to force U. States' Senators out of office by legisla tive resolves and enactments oFtheiroun, strikes us as being pa-lpably almird, not 'o day officious, intennedtlling and imper tinent, and if followed ,ou't to ils practical results and consequences, would be dan gerous to the very objects an. ends of our Government. Y t, the respectable Stateof Maineand New-ILimpshire,have: issued imposing order, gravclv demand ing of United States' Senators their7? signations', & that too, for i eiisans, which it were well fonth honor ot the two States had they been withheld. Mississippi wisely ami prudently rejected a similar proposition, and contented herself, with merely passing' a vote-of 'censure." The minu'ed by the organic law- !" allow : iv-nn Jt (hminisli it ai plmsur t -'itn l o p i,Mmotn- ai. ttior'n y ii n rrted tnl it shaM i-fihuie f .t six years, is io per- ttiem to r.lid.'fy the coiitil tin, and the deiibt-r.Oe ihoi the Iftrnjile, 8 dure hi s If mnly expressed, and ,efmaiientty embnd ed. J ' Hud. Pr.rF.r. Spn r.iTi?. mm iffif SximtiiiM A I - ------- s.Bxua-.w 'a - I V I .ULI'I 4 I ' I lllllrll tn Iiic ti'rifton on nlil rl t , i i f w I ' t . . . . , . . wV im.-j i linn n aijit i,lJ,,ll"t,,;KCtt TisAi)ifevri fU tiir idaoK:-: cdurrruY. ' TromTnc Petcmjitrjf f ntellipencer. Such pieces a the fullowipg i"romlhi -A '' 'at Milton CAT. C.) Special of, "we Mlwuy insert with pleasure, as tiiev fttrpish evi ilence not only id" a rapidly-growing trade, but of-the ilailv increasing interest with which our RuiUroad is; viewed- in that quiirter. The prospect of a?' trip froir the R anoke to Petersburg aud i back in. a day,'? which "ill -doubtless be r-jaliz-ed " before next fall," seems to have given fresh vigor to commercial operations, and lo have created new hopes and eXjweta tions in the minds of the inhabj tints of the entire Roanoke region. That Peters burg is the Vist Cotton Market w Virg-nia, or Nrth-(;troliiia, no one can deny ; ami that as a Tohucc and iVlieut marke, it is as good in every respect as Richm nd, is equally tru. Nmlo k has 'never ii vailed, : and from various circsiinstance never ean compete witli hor Tijwn s a in:u ket for other of the.c staples : And, our Ra:l-road compU'ted, wlvit an -'au-mena'iou of tra(e may we hot autici paie ? ; -' , ' . - . Mi! fun t jril3, Trnnsfinffrtliok of PrthJnr.e. The transports tion ofpn)5uce from Miltan, vi;iJ.hei;Jver to WrN kin's Kerry, and thence to the U:uWa6ad, and tr, tliat to I'cu r-sbupi, has already cominenci'd. Our enterprising fcilo'.V'ciiizen, Mr.! Joh:ip.H. Crocket, has several boats engage in carrying produce to vv llKiu s l erry, from thence it is ta in waxons to the ItJil -road, and on that to - i single logeiner and ernmems. 1 complain of "the peculiar effect which the mag mt ude ottn.it pppiiution nis naa in uie aisiriDu tion'ot' power under the Fctlerul Gm-ernment. We know, s,r, that-the representation of the Staves in the other h.;use is not equal. We know that p;real -..dvantuge, "in that respect, is enjoyed by .' he slavfc-ht)hliu States,; and we know, too, that theinteiiiU d equivalent for that advantage, that is to. wy, tiie; imposition of direct taxes in tiie same ratio, dias become merely nominal; the habitTiof the Government beinjj almnft inva rlablv to collect its revenues fiom oiher sources and "in othtr m ules. -Nevertheless, I do nt ?rtiment guaran People, with a Government founded on popular election, and directly responsible form J(vei nfoent i'or soine purposes, the to the people themselves. people of -all iil e States mav also unite The honorable gentleman attempts also togelher aiid vm another government, to find an au thority tor his use of the word for other - put noses. But what he will accede. He says the same word was used m)t thus' adfeJit, appears to me to be the by General Washington, in speaking ot g-isnple trum,Nhe plain matter of fact, in the adoption of the Constitution by North- re(rar,i t Pu,i political institutions. Carolina. It was so ; and it was used by The i,(,notf ,0e gentleman thinks, sir, the Biographer of Washington; also, in ,fat , OVeil:,ked a very important part reference to the, same occurrence - and, f the' Consti tution favorable to hiss.de altho' both, probably, adopted the phrase of lnP mlPStri;n. He savs it is declared. from the popular language of the day, yet in tlie 7th are, that the ratification of the language in that case was not, per- lhe- Convent'lin of nine States shall be ihaps, improper. By the adoption ol the suffiCjent foalheestablishment of the Con Constitution by nine States, the old con-j stltu, j0,, yj federacy waseiiectually dissolved. iSortli Carolina not having adopted it until after the Government went into operation, was out of the Union. She had, at that mo ment, no distinct connection with other States. The old Union was broken up, and she had not come into the new. There was propriety therefore, perhaps, in call ing her adoption of the constitution an accession, when she afterwards adopted the constitution, she used the same terms and argumentative response to the Lg'S- t -Petersburg and thU t .o at olie-fburjth or nvr lature of Maine, discussing the relative rignts ami po-uions ot the representative and the constituent, and giving his rea sons at length for not obeying their com mand. He dives not controvert the right of insrruction, but rather proceeds, in his own language. upon the assumption of its validity." Jint he" very justly regards, we think, the right of the Legislature to deprive him of his seat, at. their pleasure, as novel and . extraordinary. His letter is worthy ot an attentive perusal, and we. are sorry it is not convenient to publish it entire. The attention of the reader is invited to the following extract : less tha-i the co.-t of sen lln'T .it in wasfbin, :in.l in a much shorter time. Vc iaw a young- fHenJ of ours the other day, who.is the soil of juiie of o w 3 substantial country farmers, who inoruicdus that! he had brought to town sevt;r;d hogsheilds of To bacco.and intended to bring mrrre to bp transport ed by Mr. Crxickett to Petersburg. We Imp e th fanners generally will follow the example tjf cuf friend, avIio we assure 4.-ein does riot often g- wrong in tnese matters. i fftf ten the Slates ratifying the If iTjve overlooked this provis- it . t pfrill P it nunp.irs tr. hip not tees a Republican form of Government to the'States; a power which, hereafter, if not rigidly restricted to the objects intend ed bv the Constitution, is destined to be a pretext to interfere- with our po affairs and domestic institutions, in a manner infinitely more dangerous than any other power which has ever been ex ercised on the part of the General Gov ernment. ; I had supposed, that every Southern Senator at least, would have complain nor rou-Uenance any movement to been aWake to the danger which menaces same. ion, sir, it i.sf )eCause it appears tome not to iiave thiV: bearing on the question, which the ho oruble member supposes. The honorable member has said, in one of his publications, that the word Slates,' as used m t;-e ..Constitution, sometimes means the St ites, in their corporate capa cities,, or .-governments, sometimes it. means their erriturv merely, and some- times it mci 1s the feople of the slates This is vp U' true; and it is nertecilv a'V.er this arran'sreoient! of reprcsentatinn. It is tlie riy,inat bargain the compact h t it stand 4-lt t the advantage of it be fully enjoyed. Th;-t-ni.;ii itself is too full of bent-tits to be hazarded ih pioposilions for chadging its original basis. 1 go lor lhe,Constitution as it i, and for the U Jiion ns it is. . Hut 1 am re-olrel not to submit, hi silence, to accusation?, -either against myself inili virtually, of agairtsl ' the North, wholly u -founded and unjtjst which impu'e to us a dis position to evade'the tox.vrircTiojfAt. compact, ,'anil to extend the power of die tiovenvuent over the internal Jaws and domestic condition of the Stat-s." . .' j: ; ' Mr. C. then cited Burlemaqui 4o sew .that the fundamental laws ot a State are considered to be comrtacts, ami are thus distinguished from the ordinary laws of the country." ? He then referred to the ra tification of the Constitution by New Hampshire and Massachusetts,- to shew Miat both of these States declare the Con stitnlioti to be a cyinnact. . -.' ', , Mr. C also refers to that part of the Constitution which provides that the .ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be salficieiit.for live establish ment of this Cocisiitutiou between the States ratifying the sanie-7-so that com parts, not litivii, said he, bind between the .States.:' - "" '- ''. r .'' ' Another not much loss powerful argtif niejut; may be dravyn lVti5n.fhV,.ldth",aiive;.od ':(Y article, wfnqh provides that 'MSie pow ' ers mit. delen.ued to ih, UuiVcd States by Jthe Coastitution, ior prjnhibited ' to it by Me states are rierveil to the States re ,cctively or to the people." - of ratification as the oilier Stales. Accede. is unknown to all those ratifications, and cear tKit'iLt!ie clause quoted, the word iu tue t.uusuiiuiioii n.sen. out ine nuiiu- mp-me lKivt p nt t hp Xlnfrs. I ip amp rable gentlemanjnsists that he can change ciaUse SttsA0i the Conventions of the litical I tlie phraseology of his resolutions, so as to Stales ; thatvidently means Conveniions avoiu my oujecuons, ami yet manual 11 0j the FeopfciA the States ; else the whole 4. I. - . - X - I I A. I A" - . ... . uicir suusianuai sense aim unpori. provision iitild be absurd. All that this He says his farst Resolution may stand na.t Qf tbe Constitution inteiuh d, was . u. . . . mus . Uimply to irrehire, that so soon as the peo " Jiesolved, Tnat the pfeople of the several pie ot ninetates should adopt and rati b tales composing these United States, are unit- (y W t shld. as to these States, 20 in- nifi. ii titto ai'thf. .1Ci,Mit;,. .rtii iT.iitt.,1 1 to opeiaiivit. siates. wh ei, Iip nPoni nt eii siate Pi tied 1 he geuWeniar. lias conciuucn, sir, DY as a separate and sovereignconnminity ; each declaring, fgguin, that the Contest 1? be l .1. r . .11' 1 - '. ". I . . I . 1 a 1 omaing iisew oe it-, own particular rai.ncaiion, tween pWVvS(vr xx one side, .and liuerly . 1 .j .1 .1 1. r 1:1. and that the Union, of which the s iid compact is the bond, is an union between the Slates ru 1 fying the same. This is a change, it is true, but it is a mere verbal change. It rejects certain words, but adopts their exact sinonymes us from this new quarter 5 and, that no ! sentiment would be Uttered, on their part calculated to countenance the exercise of this dangerous power. With these im pressions. I heard the Senator with amaze ment, alluding to Carolina, as furnishing a case which called! for the enforcement of this guarantee. : Does he not see the ha7.ardpf the indefinite extension of this dangerous power ? There exists in every southern State a domestic institution which would requirea far Jess bold construction to consider the government of every State I in that quarter not to be republican ; and - - . 1 1 . . 11 i.-j.i. ot course, to uemanu on me pari 01 xnis government, a suppression of the institu tion to which I allude, in fulfilment of the guarantee. 1 believe there is now no hostile feelings combined with political considerations, in any section, connected with this delicate subject, j But it requires no stretch ot the imagination to see the danger, wfyich must one day come, if not vigilantly watched.1 With the rapid strides with which this Government is advancing .-.... i . to power, a tune will come, and that not far distant, when petitions will be receiv ed, from the quarter to which I allude for protection : when the faith ;of the guarantee will be at least !as applicable to - 'I ' jt that case as the !?eniitoif from Georgia now thinks it is toijCarolijia. Unless this doctrinc.be opposed by united and firm r esis ta ncei ' t s u I ti ma t e e ftec t wi 1 1 be to drive. thehitt:poilatiot frunk-thc-"Sioatb- honorable member, nur this !ame on the othei and l'iat he is fyr liberty. All tins ea;Siiy saiu. nut wnai is that liberty whose cause he espouses ? It is liberty - given to a parti- to gove-rn (he whole, t-fft is liberty, claimetl by a w ., . , t.1 . ,, . 0 J ... - smail uunMty ta govern and control In Ki .a3..I....v. Ia ai . t-Hr l,nrtritll 1 IT . J O ' ihp iM-pir .i.iiontv. Am what i thp Finn n foiiTirii! inni r.mnnar.r s" ui tiip t c i - . s . mended form which he now suggests, he calls it a compact, under tlie title 01 a Constitution." These are iust the same thing. Both call it a comnact. and a comnact between . . . i. .u ... ments exert e sovereign couimuniiies, ami in onto, iiie ,f ? , . u, .tvT ? 4 i o i Mr. i:reAjleut, turn this question over attempt is to make the Constitution not ,y-Y. if.M 1 r .. u . . . .1 i i i- .1 and presenKit as we Will argue upon it as we may- exhaust upon it air the foun is power whii :i'vhe resists ? It is the gen eral power Jr he popular iil ; it is the powtr of all the People, exercised by uia-jo-hies, in je. Houses of the Legislature, in the fonrft-.-n which all theiiree, govern- ments cxeif; Se power t 9 the substantive thing, but merely the qualification ot something else. Now, sir, the Constitution does not. call itself a comnactofany kind; the people did not; call it such when thev ratified it. iSo State said, We, as a sovereign community,ac cede to a constitutional compact s" or we, as a stivereign coinmunuy, rainy a compact under the title of a Constitution.' No State said one .word about compact no State said one word about acting as a sovereign community. Oa the con trary, in each and in every State, the lan guage is, that the Conventions, in the name and by the authority oijtheeople, ratify this Constifufioniffiam&& c . -, . . - . .--j ,'--'-f,-.i'-ii " . .... I run) tains of uWpiphysics stretch over it all the meshesiif logical or political subtlety, it still ciiiih to this, Shall wc hare a Gen eral Gtivenetit ? shall we continue the union idT.W States under a' Government instead oi League ? This is the upsmot of the who; mitter ; because, if we are to have a (J-ivei nftient, that Governtn. nt must act lie other divernmeiits, by en forcing its: wn laws, and its own deci sions ; closed with authority by the Peo ple, and alleys resiponsible to the People, it must b i tole'to hold on its course, un- " Allow me then hrit tivto examine this newly Asserted pre ron live ? and not w'it'isianding lhe unmeasured language of the J.eislature, calcu lated, b0t surely not drsie-iud lo init tte, I sh.dl io so dispassiOiijalely, and I trust with becoming thuence. ; 4 Who are th? Legislature of the State ? A- gents, servtntii mere s'rva'-.t, having no origi nal authority, bt .deriving 'hv-ir ex.slence, ami all tlu.t lh'-y possess from hi pAly iegitim-te fountain of power the People. Who are Sena tors in Oo-'gress ? An-thrr and distinct class agen'ts and servants, deriving therr rights and duties a!9 from he same ere tt origin! f.mntam ot political power ih- I'topvz. If either of these classes ot erv:mtsclan. that dominion over the other which is cor.ipr sed in the power lo put an end to their existence, it must exhib t its warrant f r such an asumpti n, and shew that it is conceded iin the charter f;f its powers, the Cons iuilioQS of the State and of ;he U. bt.tes Do these instruments confe that sipremac y ? Tu.- Constituti(n of t he United Stages prescribes ti.evm"de oi appointme- t, und the duration ; i lie office of a member of the Senate. I' djc..r. 5 that they si-all he clmsen by the Legislature ol the State tor sx ve.-irs. Does this mode of appointmeh'. c itry w'lh it supreme coilinl over the duration of t he office ? Tlie President of the United Slates is to be chosen t.y electors fir i'our years. M;v they-therefre demand h-s re signation ? The L -gisl'atm e of ;he State in j-i t oftl lot of both brunches ek-ct ('ounscllors. A-e they theref -re r.nvv:-ble at the i!eastire ef tiu .ej'isl.ature ? In certain contingencies thr Gov ernor is to be elected by tl- Legislature. Is the the chief Executive, m such ( vent, to hold his constitutional pmt'tr.i at their will t be suirtm derid at tiieir :commani The Uoverncr dnd Council of lhe. St.ite, the Prtsid-. nt and be'n.ite f the United States, resp.. c ively, appoint -Judg es of the supreme Coutts. May tl.ey 'hme o-.r. be d vested of their eimine and precipit.it.-d-liom the lVnch ? Are 'they removable. at plea sure ? lllus'r .tions might be indefinitely aceil mulated. But it is needless it Cannot be pre tended, that t';e power of appointment carr e- with it the f-ght to absolute lO.tlrol over t..e OfRi-.ial existence of tlie Appointed. The nwle by which a public officer isdes'jynated, .is hot to be coiifti't(te I twith the ilu. aUun of Ins jiHce. "In what atticle of the Conv-i:ation is this arrogant authority to Ik- foin 1? Kr'1i uha clans? is it deducted ? Is it tha; Wuich cms'i-tutestlu-m a Lessluure f Congress alo is Ji r.rgisla'ure, ceraiuiy. with no inferior or snbor ! diuale j-irisd ction. If ii be assumed, 'therefore, j that it is of the essence of Legislative power to !e supreme,- Congress also h s tint supremacy. ' Shall ittlien presume m -demand from the iiu-m-bers of the S'ate F-gi-htture the resignation ot their stations I Tie idea -of the tmlimtted supre macy of the" Legislature is -borrowed from tli other side ol the At antic. I is v.du, however. to attempt to transplant hither the doctrine 4.f omnipotence of Parliann -nt.. The scion ot arbiirat-y power which ourfitherssi gl uiously rcpe'detl, will never ilouiish in mericau soii- Dtir Legisl-turesj WU-th-.r national of i ical, are The prospect ttefore ns. Thefllowing is an extract which we have taken thu liberty to make from a letter addressed to the Editor, by a highly respectable gentleman residing ner Blakijl v,. N. C. t he place where ihe l'tersbtirg Rail-roatl is expected to terminate. It is dated 5 "Mardt 21, 1833. " Vj hereabouts are all alive oti the subject of the Rail-road- it-will fetrike tlie river about tvixi miles above hie at the town of lilakely, where, and in its vicinity, the contractors are assiduous! v laboring on their Various' undertakings. It. is cheering to us farmers to witness the p.tig-ess which is daily making towards the! completion of a work Whose benefit will be itus-ilculable1.- A trip from the iloanoke to Petersburg and back i . a day ! ! ! Whoever would (l'ave said'so even ten veafs ago, would hate been hold to be ro mancing a mere 'Don Quixotte ! yet such I doubt not will be the case before lhe next fall.' " RAIL-UOAHS. j : -&. ."-) Fayet'eville, April 2. . Ttfe people of Granvillp have luilly ha;! a meeting to devie means for .con tinuing the -Petersburg and "Roanoke Kail- 1 lloa !', to its termination at Hlakelv, on the Hoauoje through Warrenton to foid' Welie.ftily wih theui jiucs-vss " A recent opportunity which vfe have vyi joyed of vvitnesing'. the astohishi:v; ef fects of riail-lloads, iias added grea !. to oiir. prepossessions in their favor. We p.isstd over 41 miles nf l,d Petersbiirg tlailftoad, which have been cou.iileteil, and observed fhe embankment, the exca- ' vation and muclji of ihc tiinber, prepared on tlie. remainder of the route.; Two cars Cwntainingdbout 40 persons and-their bag gage, were drawn with ease by two hor- i se-. ! There is want of skill and elficien cy in the ma'iagentent of the route, but ;i little experience will pi bbabl , corre c t r that; But no such deficiency tiston r tlie roads liom Fn ncluown to.NeKvastltu;'ii nn the roiifp. frmn I ti nm- in Pint '? ... - -- - . - -w .. .'.It 17, ' " If A ph a) and Irom Borden tqwhttd i Aiubnyi , , IL (on tne rou'e from Philadelphia to New-1 ''-J$, Yiirk On tiie fiiririHr road. riuio, . ' ......... , - r containing i20U persons and a vast ileal inV Jf'.l j b;iggio, were whirleil .along! by a single ncomntive q:igme, at the rate, of fifteen miles an hour, and occasionally a milei.i ;hi ee minutes.:; On the fatterroad, e;ght cars, each-with 24 passenger?, were con- v'eyed at the?rate of 10 mtie'an hour, by two horses each, the luipeJiingcha: g' d at distances varying from 10 to' 14 miles. In neither caedid there odcur the s ight est interrup.ioo, and in neither did .there appear the least daog -r of mi acculentot' aiiV kind Besides u'xrjt -.40Q. pot-son who are conveyed daily t'ltoiigieac i of not uiiliuiitc d and -upre.m:, but subordinate to live n.'UtCs, there are'liunibcils' of rars for .!.. i ....... 1 '. i.t -nr. t.-r.lt. ! IfVlhw av..Viti rtf ui.f ' - i t h ' ked by -external interposition. Ac- . :. r v ' . i r vr , - i r c 1 corning io: nj' geniieman s view ni tne Neither the resolution, therefore, of the1. . . - J J L. . A i 7 T l...ft... rl i1..jhrntiiin I t . e according " iaine, it is a regular popular ;aitl.ority as that ctnrt-r contei'S. C-retmres ol loputr wil', ti.ey have no at nbu'es but such a the ir creators have sicti.fiito imp.rt. 1 1 our complex 4o!i idd system, lie 'V o, le liave est -olisbtd two tiovernmcu's one general, the etber loot I, to ne conducted ?y separ e apjen , mlei distinct constitutions, prescribing to eacn i s own or.iit, ,fr im.wh.cn it may not deviate to -n-crnach upiiti ihe spiiere of lhe ot'oel". Tne Le gislatiire ui cbnastng members ai the Sen -le, per fofm a s.-ieoiiied s rv;ce, not for tiiem-sclves but fir hc, People. The Si mt;r elected4is not the s-rvant ot t ic Lej$:i.,turej but Oflhe;f mter9; tli;V are i runiei: is otiiy 'o ilo t prescribed act, and" y-hen the vroiii. is lion-,. its duration is ter- ihe conveyance of nifrchandi'Ae, of e.-iicii vast quantities are thu " transport. d. ft appears to us, iliat it e ds oiriy tha s g!t of thec things txfc:hvnce auv '. Carolinian tnat the true policy of -i-; -.::ts is fio fall in with the spirit of Trite a-i . ;:nU to construct II I -!-R:id vbcrcf'er the ex tent of the business will justly iU if i ft i v . Oiir'trjend IIai.t passed along Jut af;r shMit accident to U t1v e .cf i.e at l....t tji4 iieid'tging t - rie t'.nia-t c;ursj in K--Ri't..-'.,'iMon rot'.tcr now. Pet. nt. - w . -. tni'is w -re r.r flatten are ordered .3 i i 1 1 ft" I - 1 irk ..J, "i,A.':i.Jt 'r1
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
April 16, 1833, edition 1
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