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4
' 'OURS RE THE PLANS OP FAIR
lELlGHTFUt PEACE, UNWARPD
BY .PARTY
GE,
TO LIVE LIKE BROTHERS".
VOLUME XXXV..
TUESDAY, JULY (, ...$84.'
KU. 34.
. ' : . - ji - ' ' , K ,:-S H
. ' " ' . -Mi . - :- -.'V.. 41- 4' :
. ! . AMD) NOKTIM-CAITOMM
- ' ': . '-- ."I r ' ! " ' , 1 1 MlXa- . mi'.. . 1 '-I i , . ,- . I,'
:- ' -yg i-: .a".. : ill
2J
it,
U Wbshj;d rrBBT tckshat, "
Ey Joseph Cities & Son.
clo5e proxiwvity to the sea. She has bless- i
led them wiih the only navijiable waters
: wuiun our lerntory. 5he has iMrnished
them a prompt ani easy passage through
the distance, small n it i hptwivf thom
!4i!9, land the ocean ; and knowing as they do,
Thutk Dot-t.atjs per annum; one half in advance. 1 these advantages, in all their eminence,'
-1. . i -itv v; : r ..v:i.: i .i ' m j .
1 ilOPPWnu tiu noi, i-iyii.-r ui uic unif ui Minwuumg, we COtllU nl WIIIIOUI WTOng1 TO llieif IIIO-
orui:-i-vii"""j -" - . . iiiTcs. loouunisive ro oe imnuien 10 a ?e-
the Paper dL?CGntiBued at tVx expiration of the
vt'ar, Will be presumed as defiling its continuance
j!tii ountt rir.anded. y-
nerous people, suspect thern capable of a
resistance to our reasonable claims of mu
tual relief. . ; '
It were easy to show, that the grand
interests of all our Eastern: counties, are
inarked on thorn, they will be continued until or
dered out, and charged accordingly.
ADVERTISEMENTS,
Jfot wccXnurtern will he inserted rtwjm6 t imimatev boun(j those of
-I'mes. for a Dollar; and twenty-five cents for each! , , r w' ac
"Suucntpi:Mication: those of greater lentrth, in u,c ' i, i u.c geai worK propuseu;
oroT'ortion. Jf the nuinbor of Insertions lie not me railway max is TO connectltaiergli witlv
i i j .,4:1 . Ik. o Tk: 1.1 1 1 "ir..ci
from Our present object. It is to show, as
nearly as we can arrive at the truth, the
extent of our carrying trade, with a view
to measure the immense losses we suffer
every mwnth ami every year that now
ptses over our head., conducted, as this
"By a statistical view which I have, been trade now is, and to set before us with
particular in making ut, it will ap- j conviction anu in lull ilmpmy as possible.
pear that v.1 founpies 01 me siate win oeiinai national g:nn instaniiy consequent
cut off to the Wept of a; meridian through j upon an appropriation by the people of
Raleigh. . I o all jot these it is or the deep- two humlreil thousand dollars ot the lunds
est interest that a railway should becon-jnow in their hands, to be united with
jtructcd trom Kaleih to the sea, lor j three ountlreil thousand Irom pnvate ca-
DR. CALDWELL'S ADDRESS
j TO THE ORANGE .MEETING,
Concluifed. j
tions you expressly give them, to adopt
measures which you have settled finally
and conclusively, , to be necessary for your
prosperity ? They themselves, will open
ly declare Jhey are not to be so under
stood. They will tell yon plainly, that
it the people think proper to elect them,
it is not for them to contradict the wishes
of the people. What then remains, byf
that it is of little consequence whom you
appoint, in comparison with themeasuKes
which you resolve shall go into effect, in
comparison with the great duty which you
prescribe to them when they shall be call
ed upon for their suffrages upon the ques
tionAre the people of Orange prepared
to -vote for appropriating the sum of two
hundred thousand dollars Irom the public
funds without taxes, for making a railway
from Raleigh to the sea ?
Do we duly reflect opon this, Mr.Chair
man ? One hundred and twelve thousand
five hundred dollar-, annually lost or
thrown away by the farmers of North-Carolina
in the carrying trade from Raleigh
to the sea. Can we persist inla course
of such lavish waste ?
If, by expending in one year, two hun
dred thousand dollars, we can savfc one
Lhuudrt-d and twelve thousand, and a stilt
greater sum every ear afterwards, Vv.'ill
Rut after thiOrk is cqiipleted, new
scenes open ul)n us. 'Vhe whole ex-
iunn'dig locomotive engines daily, & with jpitalists, lor constructing a railway: thro it not be a good bargain ? Here is no tax
unfaiLiMg;:punctuahty. 1 he const nuence j all the level coontry that stretches near-' necessary. The money is alreatly col
led ed. In adontinsr this measure, the
funds become instantly more profitable
than it they were vested in Bank stock aj
.1 . i 1 ! 1 " r .1. 11.. f... r . A 1. i il. a.
1$, tnai lire prouuejions 01 me couuiry 1 y inin nuieigu 10 me sea-coasu
which! are in Raleigh to-day, are in Beau- It is already seen, that thirty-nine:of our
fi-rt to-morrow, ready for shipment' to a- counties with their population of 489,669
ny part of the world, And goods, a? well I are'essentially interested in the carrying six per cent, or for anyother purpose, a
a personswhich are in Beaufort toj-inor-J trade of which we speak. It will, proba- mong all the methods of profit upon capi
i6w, iv VI f be in Raleigh even iu ten hours Jbly, not be excessive to assume that these tal in the present dav. If the proceeds
afterwards, ready for distribution i and J counties, one with another, send into the upon the railway stock are to be used for
transmission intothe higher parts of the (market, annually, at least one hundred the support of Government, and to save
state, w no uoes not see inat uaieign, in wagons eacn, carrying in every wagon, ai tne necessity of taxes upon tne people,
such circumstances, is converted ill at a trip, 3,000 pounds. To a little reflec- they will yield a higher income to the pub-'
oncento tittle less than a seanort town, tion. with time for inouu v. it i likely lie treasurv than can be effected bv other
I with the advantage of standing onejhun- U.at many of the larger counties send three means, whatever they may be, which itis
dred and forty miles nearer to us than the times that number; but it may be true, possible to devise.
coast r Do we renect eumcientiy ; upon mat others fan snort of it. lne wnoie let us look del oerateiy, ano in oetaii.
sui&fi a state of thiitgs ? To pass through number of wagons (hen, from thirty nine at some of the effects of railw ays, and of
this j space of three hundred and tjventy counties, will carry into market ; every locomotive engines flyingby the force of
niiles at least, as the iiistanceis atprserU, year, eleven millions seven hundred thou- steam between distant places, taking up
w.ith vvagon and horses, and to transact J sand pounds weight of marketable pro- goods and putting them down through the
the jbusiness connected with such 4n ex- Iductions. Let the numbers be tried, and whole country as they pass ? The farmer,
ikditton, would require lor going and re- there is no mistake. Ave; may, m all pro- the merchant, the man ot butness, em-
turning: at least, sixteen or twentvjdays, jbability, safely assume, that these wagons (barks his goods, and steps into a car in
even were thereno delay from'wejafher, Itmwrf yearly through such a distance as the city of, Raleigh, at the tiour of three
or waters, or other causes, while five and! from the sea-coast to the capital, one lin the morning, in ten hours afterwards,
twentViWagon loads' could Jbe sent down, fourth part of the same weight. Tli9 willfthat at one oclockin the afternoon, he
i . rv ' 1 L-.ii.i i U , : i I i. . I ? . i a. i . . a. I ' r e i 3 .1 i; U 1 ..
ana tne proceeus uruugo uaviv,? hi out i mane me irpijjnc reiurneu ainuunc 10 iwo arrives in oeauiori.ano ueiiver? nis kuuu-,
iiwenty-iour nours aaring.mai wjiuic pe- miiiious nine, nunoreu ana twenry-nve reatiy lor snipmeut to any pori 01 me
od if sixteen or twenty days. On theEas- thousand pounds. These, added to the world. Time is still allowed him, should
fern side of the, meridian of Raleigh,- it former, will be fourteen millions six huri- he choose to re-load with merchandize,
wil appear on examination, that there are J dred and twenty -five thousand pounds within the compass of twenty-four hours
twelve other counties, at least equally (for the whole forward -and backward after leaving Raleigh, to return to the
interested in such a railway, because it J transportation in a year. We shall now J same place, admitting even four hours to
VouJdeither pass directly through jtnem, Iturther suppose, that this carriage Of pro- jbe necessary forstoppages and the trans
bribe intimately connected with their in-ductions and goods, costc one dollar per action of business.
terests by ontiguity. With thesejVVest-: (hundred, on an average, for the whole of j Compare this despatch with the weeks
era and Eastern counties, we may include J the thirty-nine counties, situated as they (which must now pass for the accomplish-
twp on the North, -intersected by- the me- ma'ybe, one with another, from the rooun-l ment of anv order, or tne completion of
ridian of Ilaleigh namely GranyilJe and tains to the ocean. Then the carrying any business, great or small, while the
Vtake, as bound by ties of interest po less trade for these thirty-nine counties, in- shifting of conveyances,' multiplied corn
thin the others. But oh the South, three curs an expense to them of one hundred missions, the slowness of movement, and
otherfe, Cumberland, Bladen and Bruns- and forty-six thousand two hundred and negligence in the transaction of affairs,
wick, likewise intersected by the same fifty dollars a year. We may. for brief- harass us with delays, uncertainties, and
meridian, and Robeson also, '-evenjoh the ncsssjbe allowed to state, that ouc carry- failure by late arrivals, or the. total loss
nitsttiii siueui u, wc bhom ouunv v ic mg traise aione, costs one nunored anu i or ine articles ortiereti. ii time ue money,
iles concerned in the construction of such fifty thousand dollars per annum. Let us what a lavish waste is here ! By means
a orlC ; and we shall include tnenv there-I'uhw suppose, that on a rail way from Ra- of t
leigb to the sea, the price of transportati
wife among'the counties to the East.
f the railway, that is done in one day,
which cannot be completed in whole weeks
By a division of our counties thus mar-lOI, for onC hundred weishl is twentv five and sometimes months, without it. Let
klid out and understood, thirty-one ot the cents, or one-fourth of its present cost. l it be made, and we havei commercial
! 1 . .1 I . -I Ij I Z - . . . '. . I ...
waoie numoer may oe regarueu as juepeo- Upon this supposition (and there is noth- city upon, our own coast, whither we can
dnt .upon such a commercial highway j,)!r extravagant in it) three-fourths of the (repair at any time in twenty-four hours,
hj)ni the capital to the seH and twenty-six present expense of the-carrying tiale is ut the expense of a few dollars, to choose
tut which it 'is. oft Iess consequence.! This j.aVed to the thirty-nine counties. 4 The Lot personally the stock of goods for six
..: I l l' : -t K n o. ..t .o fi ilinn to I .-.! . t : . f . I - I i T .. I a .
viii luiuisii us a 04SU miwuiauuu lu amountoi inese inree-iourtos, is one nun-1 montns to come, inow, our mei cnam or
determine the expense ot the carrying dred and twelve thousand five hundred j our planter, must be absent from home
nuc oi uurouuc, auu me uws ""'"dollars. And me carriage wnico now lor many days, must .travel at ueavy ex-
red dollars,
his stock for
bfrof peqple in the thirty-nine counties onjy thirty-seven thousand five hundred.
tuvNhich atailwayis necessary, is489.669. j.cf UM now stop, once more, for a mo-
Atlmittinj: that the' counliet East of Ru- mpnt Mr. Chairman, and reflect unon
lejgh are by no means connected with the this. Such is the loss e are incurring
wYi k, which, however, upon correct pun- everv yeaT 0f our ives fnr waut 0f the
tipie, is not aomissinie, iney umouui iu Rin,, .wol-k 0f which we speak, fit is at
least a clear loss or one hundred and
twelve thousand dollars a year. And this
is true, when we have not to raise two
T' :.
e; -dl
ic
t :r.
V. ,
s,
te
d-
u
cf
se h
liule more tfilan one-third of the State.
Their nonulation is onlv 248.518. And
tit is the -Reason why the railway is not
iieicesary to these ? It rs because nature
.lias favored them with ..commercial onpor
iu,uies aireao) , oy tneir nearness to the
se, or by navigable wateis that empty
llitto it.
Yiid can we imagine that a portion of
hundred thousand-dollars by taxation, nor
by loans, but when the money is actually
in our hands, ready for use, and we have
nothing to do but to b ar out our members
of Assembly in a resolution to appropri
ate thewo hundred . thousand dollars,
more
and weather, and an indefinite exposure
on roads, threatening to damage, to frac
ture, and fret out, if not wholly to destroy
the gooils transported over hills, & rocks
and through storms and waters, at an ex
pense of a dollar, instead of twenty -five
cents, upon every hundred weight.
Such activity in business, and the means
a, k. ' r it a. . i t "
uic population oi our oiate, amouniiug io nrovidod ih,ee hundred thousand
We than one-third, who have "embarked L,,all be subscribed by private individuals,
to constitute a fund tor the construction
ot the railway.
their interests (or weal or tor Woe," in
i v . I i
urif common cause rwiui us as a wnoie
people, could or would.' sav to the other
iH-thiidsi- e shall avail ourselves as
ei cah'of the immuuiiies with which na-
iie nas oencncentiy crowneu tis. ii sne
&$ withheld these privileges from you,
jo have iiotlmg to expect Irom our as
distance. . V'e are under no obligations
ly lilt any part of the load that presses
Auu. Sustain it a von tan. We im.M
. j - r
all that we ask. We deem our
vtve9 not buund to share in any expen
lori
of great and plenteous returns of profit,
recurring every moment, and every hour,
and every day, inspire an incredible ala
crity into all. I he accumulation ol pro
perty is increased with the quickness ot
action & the extensiveness ot intercourse.
Plans that are now visionary and imprac
ticable, with juch opportunities become
easy j and kindle a fresh spirit of effort
and. abstain ty. With a velocity ot pass
age of 15, 20, or 25 miles an hour, space
and time are little less than annihilated
Forests and fields, rivers and the habita
tions of men pass away, and are left far
behind, like the fleeting pictures of ima
Sanation, while we exult in the cheering
conviction thf t by this almost miraculous
celerity, we are borne along to the object
of our destination with a movement as re
markable for its smoothness as it is for
its rapidity.
At no period of such a work from its
commencement through its whole dura
tion, is it without a singular fruitfulneis
of advantages. In its first commencement
it.furnishes. employment with its profits
to our own citizens. It distributes its
remunerations to their labour and crowns
their oerseverance ai d fidelity with rich-
- .. -
Miem, when, on an all-absorbing question, es not exporteo abroad lor the prosperi-
which you jiati ai opporiuiuiyio :cHier j ui umci oioirs uui iu- augiHcuiiuuic
fbr ytars, toreftcsc itv jjide by: the ijisttUB- . opulence uf oir own.
I repeat, it is of little moment whom
you make your representatives fo'r the ac-
compiisnnient ol this great and import
ant object. We come not here to consi
der the interests, or the ambition of five
or six individuals, who are candidates for
seats in our Assembly. It is for; the high
and transcendent interests of a whole
people. Placed in a balance against these,
vhat are all the petty arts of an election
Se I t-pri no- ranvuss. ? f t ia nrpaomed. Mr.
Jour benefit. . Look as you may to i'U;. m-in iht rpn tn m.r rmididntP:
- v u7lM uecessme8 aiia wal,ls- no matter who they are, it is of little con-
,:tv.low-citizeiis, it is a utterly in, eqQQnce what your plans and wishes may
v, i'i r US- U Wd be unnalura!- l be, provided you will give them i express
J,. ,be n coutlict with the plainesi directions to prosecute Ue measures which
I fuuples uhich link together all the peo- you ri-qnii e at their hands.. What ? If
. . mgw feta,e lhal ur country mei. Vou elect your reniesentatives, whom vou
tiu,u, 'u'fvete lp mett our represnta- will entrust with your affairs, P
au our ciuims witli uch old auC
. $ratclul .reiection as this. Natur UL
'fSitially aLdgtutuitoufely plactd lhtm ii
:is it for
panse of county. instantly brightens and
liegins to glowfylth vivac.jy, nl enter
prise, and invention, and f ,ietgy. Where
all was frozen can listlesniis and apathy
now sparkles fe cheerinjresult of a vi
gt;ious life. pillages be'jin to appear
where all was forest, or inserted fi,.js
or marshes nrinant wit-i
ir iff - V V w w v J v
death. Villages grow if to towns, and
towns into cities, swarding "with busy
population Xferchants jstablish thein
selves, combining thei-r- oljrn nrorits with
those of the pl&hter, and r f every profes
sion. Capitatais createcU cornrnencin
witn magic ff-ce 'bv ihj single-handed
pou er or by. uniting its oprationslin a
multitude of nw and bus? for,ms. Each
vying with the est, fiudsvhat he can best
increase his wfth by redfiejng his prices
to the lowest ftandard ;;hid"by a quick
conversion of toney into Capital, of capi
tal into labourf and of lljiour into fresh
articles for theft market The fruits of a
single month, re by thep nieans multi
plied into more than the-Jprbductions tf
te entiteyear;' vThe surftce of the coun
try wears a neW aspect, ! leered and va
riegated wifb )e colourpof a surprising
and incredible sperityl. The soil is en
riched and made prolificffroiii resources
formerly unknown and: fjnattainable:
roresis o v e r snaJ o w i n g -e greater ptrt
of our land wi-'thdismal ki Minnie, now ip-
treat before .thejliand lteager industry
and bare the boun of -soil now lean,
and hard, andrtracfabto the meliora
ting powers 'ofsilbetter fixture, 'and the
mellow intluehcS f matyies, which by a
cheap and easy: transput furnish their
annual anl endless sullies, to .th hus
bandman, for thts eiilargrjient(if his crops
and the improvement o 1ii fields.- The
timber in its "Various steies. ohnressih'-
the farmer wiih its wtT.e than useless
iticuinbrance, can now converted into
beams, plank, slaves, a.i'l lumber of eve
ry description to retur; with rich com
pensation into, his bosuaf,
I tell you naught truths strange or in
credible. You know tfit well, and can
confirm whatll say., Mho of 'us is not
aware, that th'g husbandman ofN. Caroli
na, througlia reat part-eft the State, is ut
terly destitute ol the resources necessary
for enriching his landsj ay even for pre
venting theii impoverishment to the lowest
degree; Wheti the corftry was first set
tied, the best soils wer seized upon and
occupied. This is iud cated blhe very
names 'given iri diffeiffit instances, by
those who pettet rated i jfa the interior in
quest of the si t u a ti o n s ; i n 6s t inv'iting to
their hopes. . After anptlccupation of the
luxuriant soif of the Iciiver country, they
seem to have sunk alrtt into despon-
oency in exploring traversing tne
long and endl.ess tractJ.f pines and bar
ren sand through mof than a hundred
miles toward! these reltjoter parts of the
Slate. Arriving at a stream, not very dis
tant, and wefl- known.tC us, they miiiiit
have adopted Jts origii name, as they
did in many jititancesj But in the ex
ultation of tbelr feeling at the first sight
of the black Isoii updn l margin, prom
ising fresh prospects " themselves and
their families they hailed it with a new
name expressive of tU6r renovated joy
and they called, it Xei'it Hope. A similar
burst of tratisnorteu iwiling proh.tbly is
intimated in .the rich fads of Uwharree
and in otherexamples, :vhicH it were ea
sy to quote. But in na y , if not in most
instances, the very bfeft soils will loose
their strength Thosinexj. iu quality;
will be successively o. copied. these,
too must become poor, i a country where
mere are no means oir'newing tneir ex
hausted strength. Tlfe productiveness
of agriculture js in. tluj manner contin
ually weakeiied, till tfe owners of pro
perty and tliheads ofamilies, learning
the superior op)ortunitr;s of farniing and
commerce ewhere,! transport them
selves, theirvives, ilijrjr children, and
. 1 " I t A-. ' ' L A A T O i . A
men i c nii niipg jjiupet iu oioer oiaies,
It is thus that a dram lj. k(pt up upon
the strength Jftfji people, And these are
precisely thjb citcu instances of our own
condition. well- niht we imagine
that the constitution caMi be kept robust
which is subjected to opious,. bleeding
every month, as that a p'iople can nourish
alf.passagc by water to the sea, ah l in the
present state of the arfs, a railway is our
only resource ; and it is all that we need.
It is the best and last result of the widoini
ofiges. A railway from our capital jfl
rectly to the sea, is pointed out as supe
rior "to all others, by the shortnessOt" the
rotate, the level, surface of the country,
tht? instant presence of most of4he rtiafe
rwjs on the spot ; by the importance ot
hating a great commercial' mart of our
o.vn ; by the activity, the enterprise, the
circulation ofthc furuls expendetl upon
it.'in raising up, and supporting a popu-
lan and capital among ourselves, ami
noj for the aggrandizement ot others. -
Htsis i a work by which all the original
art! otherwise insuperable obstructions to
out exchange of commodities with the
wKole eWorld, are at once dissolved. We
shftlMhen be upon a footing of commerci
al,rjrivi leges with our neighbors and the
re; t of mankind. -
4put this is not all. There were two
causes of our embarrassments. The other
was the poverty of our sil. The largest
proportion of that which was originally
aoove' Waviiesboiough, and -therefore al
most to the western limits ;;f the low
country, limestone rocks- in a mu start t
series occupy the bed of the Neuse ia
parallel ranges running northeast and
southwest,1 and corresponding theiefore
with the geological ranges of other parti
of. the folate. '
I might ;8nfinue these positive and on- ',
deniable proofs of what I aerted, that
the powers of of our sod can be restored
to primitive excellence ' by a rail-way
from Rileigh to Newborn, and rf this
alone, I might show th;vt beds ot- lime-l
slone proper tor manure, extensive enough,
tij reclaim wasted fields, and. impart the
Jirgnest exuberance to our lands through
the whole State, aud to the latest periods
id" time, stretch across the Country from
nortneast to southwest. They.a-e to be,
seen on the Trent, six miles jvest of New
bern ; in Jones county, also, where "the,
limestone is purer than in any other part
of the lo.y country, containing in the
eastern part of Wayne county 93 per
cent, of pure Jime," and in other strata
; whicli your time will not permit meto
nit ano lei tue nas oeen worn out, and re- specny. . ; :
du;ed toan equality Vith soils of thethird, ' it thay.be useful to suggest,',,' says
fourth, and possibly of the fifth and sixth the geologist, that the best time for pro
qualities, while others are wholly worth- curing this tyarl will be in the winter 3t a
lessv From this evil at present there is son, when the rains and frosts will act
noting to save us. It is growing upon upon it, and speedily reduce the lumps
usiom year to year. The calculations or masses to powder. Heaps of theuv
of ien teacli them that it is better to seek J thus exposed, wilt be in av condition foe
erjile lands in other atates, and in new spreading On the ground the following
coijntries, than to attempt to enrich our I spring. " IV
own by such meagre methods as ve are it is to be borne in mind too, that
compelled to practice. But let a railway this is not one of those kinds of manure,
be laid down which shall throw open to which impart a sudden and extraordinary
us 'free access to the sea, and a conse- fertility, and then leave the soil ! to jd
quf-hce is united with it admirable for its primitive barrenness 5 but, h it is oim
adaptation to our emergencies. It not ot those which by graduafjy imingluig
oniy orenKs aown me oosracies 10 our wun tne soiu. unoroves its r-ermaneiif.
trale, but opens to us immense and ex-1 strength and powers, and endures for a
haufstless stores of nianure, in the marl - space of twenty years."
betfs of our lower country, and in the lime And now, Mr. Chairman, must it not
aifd gypsu-.n tint will have access to us be manifest that as a rail -way through out
fr&fn tire sea. This, Mr. Chrirman, is lower country, will best emancipate otilr
notextravagance deslitute ot authority, commerce, one of the main springs: of
an. groonuiessiy urged to recommend la- wealth, it. is the only means too, ot re
votite wishes of our own. viving and giving energy to the other in
In ascendingtheNeuse tOwardsNew- our agriculture,-and of elevating it to
ben," (says Prof. Olmsted in his Report perpetual perfection in its productive
onthe Geology of North-Carolina,) the powers?
baiks generally appear tow, but occa- What then, are our rewards from the
sioial blutrs present themselves. The! locomotive powers of steam on a, rail way
inajt conspicuous occurs at-Johnston's ( from jthe seacoiist to true capitol ? Iu-
Pont. ritis contains an extensive de- stantly, the drains that carried with them
polite of marine shells, more or less de- the life-bloqd of. our commerce and agri
ited -constituting that yaluable species culture, cease to flow outw-rd. Nolon
of "manure, called Shell Marl. Similar seer are the vital elements of our soil Was-
baiiks of Shell Marl occur in various portsjted and weakened with every year of our
of ahe district under review- Tlfe value existence. The beds of marl and'lime.
of hese deposites of marine' shells as a j and gypsum, and other manures, now as
ma-nure, is, I believe, very great far useles to us, as they are boundless iu
abjye what is generally known among the extent in successive strata through -the:
in Habitants." Prof. Olmstead quotes alluvial regions of our own and' other
fnyn Mr. Pierce the w ords which 11 Mates, can be transported in hundreds ot
nov read to you, assuring us that Mr. (tons to convert even our broorr.iands into
P. is an authority on which we may ( wheat fields, and meadows, 'andardeir
sarjiy anu unreserveuiy reiy. "aixi spots. ynu ir, irom tne growth ot capi
yeirs since, but one or two s:nall bedsol tal, and conviction of its profitable applu
ihi& valuable manure were known in this cation in rail-ways, the artery thus com-
region. ,ine innaoitanis, not Knowing menced, should De extended into the n
its-icharacter and value, and modes of ex- terior, then the lime-beds of Stokes, Sur-
anvjnation, had passed rich beds without! ry, and Rockingham, would forthwith
regard. 1 his marl is a compound ot sand, pour out their contributions for spread
clay, and calcareous eartn, mixed with
shells, and other organick remains. Ex-
f I A I . . . I .1 .. . I I I
poaeii on ine suriace, mey graauauy de
cay, furnishing fresh manure lor the soil.
Th? colour is generally grey, or greyish
wh'ite, and good in proportion to its white
nejs, which indicates the quantity of cal
cateous earth it contains. It is believed
that a good dressing will last from 12 to
2() years. 1 he lands ot Monmouth coun
out or wm 00 is a coir&iani arm regular
flow of 20 o;S25,000 . pppte with families
and property every ycL't'.
Are there iny means (lien of preventing
this ? And'ivhat are thjj'i ? The questions
are answeretyby a. refambrance ot the
causes that produce all. these destructive
effects. They are the creasing poverty
of our lands and the -a iit of an easy and
cheap transportation oHur goods and the
productions the goiliil! If there be any
other reasoir-ffor.it, weil'would thank the
transceudant. wisdom f;'he nian that will
inform us of.it. It wilf:.be supreme mer
cy to this people, aye, fJ: every perfection
of patriot virtue, to letls know it, be
cause, upoufinding'ou,the cause of our
sufferings, We shall behe better able to
stop up the Channels tlfugh which these
evils flow i it .upon us ' f jfcj turn; them away
from our fie.fas and ourijnilies, now over-
spread by t&eir poisonriTg influence
ing renovated life and verdure over the
barren wastes from-which our population
and capital are escaping to 1 the superior
privileges ot other states In en the tim
ber that cost as much torjts removal as
th very land is worth that is redeeitieil
from capl 1 vityy is converted into posses
sions more valWble perhaps, than eyeu
the g:dd dispepedy nature through tna-;
ny rwirts of pirr State. By an easy and
ty;(New-Jerey,) are said to be enhanced costlt'ss transport, our lumber is brought
inS'alue, half a million of dollars by the into requisition: in the Northern and
usfe of. marl. A respectable farmer ol Eastern States, and in' the West Indies
Miildletown mentioned to me, that five fur every species of work of which wood
yetirs since he contemplated aoandoninji is the oasis, iron, and all the'variouX
liiite large farm for land of other districts, minerals of our State, would be elcha-
asht3 own was unproductive, tlor morel ed on the seashore, and in everv'prt tit
th.n a Century this land had been regard- the country, for the money whfcb now
edUiy the proprietors as useless. The flows outt, with a heavy lossf to enridi ,
ta(n in its improved state, exhibited a other States, and to augmentitlieir pOw
gr;tify ing sight. The hills where former- ers in machinery and poodfatrori. Fish-
lythotns, thistles and lnuliens, disputed eries on our seacoast, hd in our sounds
thj d-omiir- in,' now supported luxuriant and rivers, are broujjt into action by 4
coi'n. Extensive verdant meadows were rail road penetrating into the interior
clothed with a rank second crop ot grass, with a transit completed in a few houn,
Numerous stacks of grain, and well -tilled at once creating hardy race of men witnr
bans, evinced the productiveness of these their families upon our seacoast, and
fields, which are now estimated at three j disseminating new privileges of support
tithes their former value." (and enjovment to the general population
' This marl is adapted," Mr. Pierce (of the State. VVith a rail-way, the farm-V
Wc nn fit sav. Inr Until S:;' . V and ClaV er lt.14 it in his DOWer to CUt Olt flip Pt..
" . f . j . j ' :
earths. It was remarked to me by Urm-Jtravagance and waste ot many, animals
I : 'ij - Ji
erli of Monmouth county, that lands ma
's. . . - . . .
nifred with marl, are less attected by dry
wither than other grounds. This doubt
le arises frpm its rendering tbe 'soil a
better medium to retain moistuie, while
th day of the marl improves the texture
ofjthe soil."
j)ther concurrent testimonies to the
value of this kind of marl, may be found
inlvarious parts of the American1 Farm
erf One of the best that I have noticed
isthe paper of Mi. Singleton of Mary
land, iu the same work ; where the sub
stance is o well describetkf to leave no
dcobt of its identity, witbHh'e shdlTarf
of our districts." '
Again the writer tells us, 44 the first
How, then, shalUweiTcure commercial fbd of limestone that I observed" these
opportunities ? These a(e first in import
ance. Theaoswer is vious, s With the
natural obstruction, f$r rirqrs, and of
: n
Lar his own words, in proceeding west-
wrd from XNewberp crosses xuc ruau
that swallow up withi profusion the .pro
ductions of a system orrming and ear
ning, which it is now ' impossible to
abridge. , "
With a rail -way, quickening trnspbr
tatron into daily instead of mohlhly re
turns, and reducing the cost to tle fourth
part of what it now-is, not an article Can
be produced that will not yield a profit
in the market, and upon the sea, that
great highway of nations. A descentjn
to pet ty particular in proof of this, might
detract from the gravity of thi;Addres3 j
but it would very familiarity set ; before
us the essential merit of our subject.
ftlvery specie of cooimerce, greatf or;
small, multiplie the pojuUti'o whirVit
gtuts in employment. With such facili
ties of transport a revolution take placa
which, in past examples, nas oeew " .
afjmt four miles from town and t jroin to surpass eren the colouring ol imagma
place ta JBass's Ferry oimitea tion. The fame ot such opriuottieS
$ t
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