mm m a 1 mi ;, h w v . 'ann ft f r . v d 1 r - r. ri a -o.-bm a . . . . 11 , w t 1 b, j r r m wna - - - ; -1
- ''m'.-- ' "! - ' ' "OURS ARI Tnf,,. ' .. . ' w ' rr - ! ' ' ' - . ',-' ' ' V. '-" i 4
VOLUJIK, XXXVI,
5: -r ? 1 x . - I
npm. i iinmn iv .. ; . .sac. - . - j
.-w- a lar as the trMtv f . - r ' v . .. . . ; l
i, t r ilia i . m i n r rt mm..- ,t . , - -" t. m
'XXX T TtriSBAT,
Jty Wosiitesaiti Son.
TrtijiTt DotiAjts per inmim one half in aHance
Thoi wh not, either at the time of FuKscrihlnjj
W snhspqnjcntly, ffive notice of their wish tohaye
the Papcsr discontirfueJ at the expirationtof the
year will, be presumed as desiring its continuance
until countermanded. , ,
MM
Qotxtgjixfe Km; rillhe inserted rW
.rc.iora foliar; and twenfy-five cents for ea
wihstquent puhliraUon : those f greater leneth
proponion.If the number of inertton& not
7' w wem, tney wfj he continued until
dered out, and cliarged accordingly.
mem-
STATE CONVENTION.
. rOSTIJWTIOK OF FRDCXIDIITC8.
-Tfi'w" '8, 1835.
T!1,eiilvcilti9I? 'n?: in Committee of
uc pvnoie, an the Articles1 reported for
rel?lnS Representation in the Senate
and.House of Commons, Mr. Gastow rose
and said, tjhat as no other gentleman seem-
u "isposen at thi$ moment to claim the
attention of the Committee, he would avail
himself olthe opportunity to submit his
benfibte as every Jmember of this body
roust be of the grave and responsible cha
racter.of the duty! assigned to the Con
ventinn, of reforming the Constitution of
the tate, all must perceive that no part
of teir duty presented such difficulties
as that of reforming the basis of represen
tations the General Assembly. We were
now employed in altering the foundation
n which our political temple had rested
wu kujcii ror more than halt a centurv :
nyi win not De easy, with all our skill the
nil caution, to exeVwtP hi' ..n,lani.L; r.ii . 'V " "
so aslnot criatlv todUh. . " "a are mutually circulated
fice and.nerh.n .n,.: 1 Z:r::lu 'ong been en
.afeti. f he diffioliSthe "r -'-
. 9. yivi C3
ThiseaPwas communicated to th
f0Tn,the J'ningcounties-many
6 thus create( a,,d thesi
nJHHyettledown into two, an Eastern
a Western party ; the one for meet
jngnjhe seaboard, the other for meeting:
n theinrenor. Iris immaterial for wiat
purpose combinations of men are formed,
unce tormed,men accustomed to act to
gether on one subject will combine for
others also. This array of parties against
ach other affected all the operations of
Hie Jjpp-islatii
. o -? icii in me an-
pomtments to office, and in very marU
even of the public laws. To terminal
it, as it was fondly hoped forever, a Re
solution was passed recommending to the
Convention of the People about to be call
ed to deliberate on the Federal Constitu
tion, to fix the permanent seatof Rnvm.
ment for the State. After severe con
lenuons andby a very small
spotr on which this City has been since
built was selected for th
pla.nts of manaement, intrirue and.har.
gaining were preferred aoninsr t,o
ityby the unsuccessful nnrM
passed by before the necessary laws could
e enacted for can-vine- into PTPmti.tn iu
judgment of the'-Convention W ofto..
uiey were nassed ' fear tvr. o..ec,i
indications occasionally madP nt m,
pose by another Convention tn rlia niro l do
eat of Government. It i nnf ,rt,T.r., i
that under these circumstances, a malhe
matical or ideal 1
State a little to the West nftW n;?.,
regarded as divid
with dissimilar interests, onnosite nnrnn.
s ana almost hostile feelings. The most
unfounded suspicions and jealousies uppa
entertained on both sides. VV nrt noc nnt
t - V V V J II III
H ' .
miuw inar when
. - . 5r- pet iiiK. e verv nre 1 1 v se r if r Mi t . "c
mi iia ?r i r " . ' . i . i f" m. ii ucnarpj iht u i i
J""' -uoaaiuii ana u war hv infli.0nPa v ra:c..r: .i - reon e
- . r ii u v- li vi.. iv i i i ii v innF riin . -
r are nnfinsH'n.r.Ki -ru- '"6 .convention act. shall h
1 'b "lerrtU on the Con.
,ln a POWKR In maU. . .
th h,,..;,,,! : ; "''mi.inenis in
wJTV- en.Uerated or in
eH extends toallfcnd to each of the amend
nents pronoscdi-th.,. )? ZZJ?'
to am; j: " u-njuineu a?r
Thpt.iti. -"U..UJ.CU as ii others.
the dutv ,c"-min: performance of
uie ciutv as cxnlici'Jv na r-. . ..
Bat they are not insnnerah!0
t - r " -
OP. rvprrnmo I . .
T . i. icy uugnc to De overcome
and we nall fail, miserably fail, in
what our country demands and our con
sciences enjoin, if we do not overcome
them. An omission to settle this ques
tion now, m such a manner as to tran
quilize the public mind, hewhould regard
y r .y.ua.jr cdimnny. ne did not an
OUPt ef: CPrf
i J U,,,V a,e ,n ThlS Sect on PrhMe.J
v.n i
t the People
act, shall be
ucipate indeed, in that event, the resnlf J tran.: r'- as u fomids the
nrp.f irfprl K r. :4t v . V . -0''wui me
we ffitu d
ii r . - . tcii-1 ucic are
.cm,, ,or wnom he took pleasure in tes- We
pretiicieti by the distinouished o-pntlpmor,
O tltUII
tifying the big
lhat gentleman
menace, for he was perfectly sure nome
nacc was intended, but in earnest Ian-
KUase had nredicfpd iKa ;r- .:r-i
4- . J
not now made, the
would rise like ihe
i --" uu.ii lino ihi
u,tis wnicn u,
do.
do.
Jrom Buncombe, (Governor Swain)
nc iuuk pleasure in 4es- VYe swear to do u.
affection and-re.pect. to abstain from", Z i fT'' ' and
.n,not in .l,e language of . But. while Lei ' "t:de" ... .
ft
that Iip . . nave admjtted
,n,n . "f 7n Ul "l0 "cution the com
w w m VF
Senate in our Legislature, is intended
especially, to represent and protect pro
perty. He. had heard it -objected to the
constitution of this body, that a poor
man was often as estimabfe as a rich man,
and. that it was a departure rom Repub
lican principles, "to allow the latter td
vote for a Senator and no tp permit ihe
former to vote also. It should be borne
in mimU that
This reasonable check wotild be: fbajid4n
reuirtng for everv nUn fhp ,ii
';""oc," represented, the tax-payer
of; the State. The tax -payer would then .
be also the revenue disburses. tw-p
unsafe, that one set of men should critru "
bute the public funds, ancl another - set
direct its distribution. Tar HA r U
distribu tion. Taxation and
presentation should go hand in hand -:Aere
is no individual .AM.:n
'he administration of the financial laws jef
f I mm W A. - I mm m
COVerninent arp, formprl
C . O . - "
lOr nraCllCal mimnspa nnd nnt r nracant
heme for th r T T , r . vv,,-j '" 'minigfratittn'ot the financial laws of
deXmers TrXerClSC SCh,l?en and UF ate, who- will not admi'SitS 1 -uecia
mers. The poor man may be ner- matir rArr.;AH r V f
. f au vain nave tne.
ays endeavoredto .make Taxes ewtta!;
while those who administer the lavrs haVA
an : lllfprpef in :n ' i. -. : t.
it s known, tiiat no uniform rule prevails
.ii.Mugiiuui.ine country in 9PBin. ffc
fho P.l- IUC tOIII-
arrangement were not n, mo,i i.l - cv'"e as to the reform of
v i iiiumc uir i i rii rAHiirQimn i a
People of the West tv,.i .:i ' :, " L:.r u,tT ave
. "v,.vi use iinc me nine protested ciii..
strong man in his unshorn might and cipleJ upo, wl.ici nst the prirr
pull down the entire political e.linre. th nri.,T. ''rCh th,s ,e(or" s based-.
Sir, said Mr. G.. the stmn. i ho.;.r"V . w Wl cmpromise as
O Ol LdM"
lit from
rah, the son of Manoah, was brou
nis prison-house into the Temple of Da
gon to do honor to the impious feast and
to make sport for the enemies of his coun
try. Bowing.down with all his miglit,
he tugged and shook the massy pi ffars
Whip i inkll !. t .
- ujmiciu me ponaerou root till
buried all beneath one hideous ruin.
was a glorious deed. He fell
ana a hero
But should our brethren of
a moment ot excited
termed, between
a
he
It
rmirfjr
Yir.IOrtnltC mnno iU. . I . ,1 i. I. . .
.,,.v,,, uic s:aiti, i nui uciier
til At' 1r,i
Llll. T-IUTAmm 1 M . T
cm claims. A - r-. . " fesl-
-reatlv r :, .,, ,en.u to peace, he
indulled n h'.1 Jy.hould have
re-openinc- f tuZ f C' 11 ,ed to tfle
it 4s "Kn -hich,
toburv fnv:.. ;rV. ""vention act
mischief h Vs was not itsor.lv
iniscniet. However. K n v
men . mi-ht he in 7LI l"ese(gentle.
obev the,,.":: ","'r, umination to
me I'eon e
setter mIp .j . cuP'e,
II - ' J I'-
sunauy, tar more meritorious than the
nanof property.1 Personal meritdepends
on intelligence, integrity, Xirmness, and
temperance. He who wears a to w: shirt.
or no shut at
spects personal merit, be ittfinitel sujie
nor to the. profligate rich man, or' the
narrow hearted and
Nothing can be more true than tha confi.
ment of our sreat didactir. Pnef tuH
" W0rth raakes the man ; roam of it the fellow ;
" Tlw rest is all but Leather or Prunella." '
It is not because of his personal desprt.
that the privilege of vottnsr for a Senator
has been secured to the Freehnifl
that the rights and interests of Freehold-
ers. as such, j should not be invaded and
broken down. The most excitinv nrin;.
- - ' mm fm a w t
. I
Ca I Cll !n tmrl t, i . . o
. l" weaKen this re-
pie of action in civilized societv. is h
desire of train. Regulated, it ;e th ,v
stimulus to industry, order and temper
ance unchecked, it leads to nlunder
It is once en-
1 . mi m1 f K 1 SCI V
posed by others at a class , whether it be trv
a. serf m ri:rriAi x . . I. . J
- " VI It lllll
were much
not feet remorse
-. a ....
W IA & L w II III1!! XTFIA a M - A . . . .
Undrhe.CoMtitain.,.. r : . rriT'V" w,!,cl' he hs "one o
Coaniv in the State th H . n" 8anes f If under any
for
the!
the Wp - in Untvo'.l io w
v.,..r.,v lliail tu na . " I I ...
nassmn hco f I U . wie commaiu . aim iiuirazc.
f . I " " " V- V. O. M O Ul I SAC V1III Mlllnfa . . . I rj
deferred hope or blasted expectation, vi- with a s runVren, a Presc,''bed task couraged and regulated, by securing to
j M,MUrii nu overtnow the existing performs it UithLi? . ,l -seiuom vj own ,ndustrv
vonsmunon, the mad triumnh will hp . frt.ii- y dnu nothing more a-nu,r the industry ot those whose acmd
a i iT iiii.i t'Luc ti..,. v i : . i .
n. ! .1.-1.1- ...va mis i t-nu- nanrp t on I Miions nave open trnnsmitfoH t i. ;m t.
UtVCI c II nun I. .- l"u" I . . i, mi. Al
j I ULIIf I IIU ti, I IS IfliA In noil vie . . I - -i
ii ivii ii i . v li niv.1 ui c. a ii. iiiipr.i rpc
I r 1 1.. . I . , I in . . .
"'"'Ci UK . A I ! UUI CUUIltrV. an ariRt-rrntl nr.nn,nU
I hl'.m K Til. 1 I i: '
on L,,c wiiu wmcn nroDertv i
!irnn!iAl il -.i i i . . J.
promise be ennal ju "I CI,,,4U1 com- ri, a.m u.c rapiuny wun wnich ItJ'
not be immtr,;,r UI,e4ai, yet it ma v " speni there are here no permanent or
with which the tlnv! ,'7rS th5 zeal r." "cn an r?r' .. AI,e.Poor of je
trv chniif.i I. . & -'
t. t 41.
rilimnf, nvor mHai. .1 i
any class f men i nn. "Tri mem-
r uuvi tucir mends ami iheir fn
vuuu-
lhlS. surelv uit1,l w
ora nart in Mlifii.. h . : W ineir very
vilest slanders and the most , itunid hi h ? i! 1 .r '? rali wh'eh no
hnnda ... . a. in. m?St ru.P" thing but hopeless onnreMion rm.M pv
ano cuse. and tl. - . UJ .. -ii
. -"...yi nicj win never adopt
while other means of redres are nn.
re vt Pure II. 1 - t . ... --.-m.vvi.i.
k. ., a i imc I r i
i. . i
ue maue against the
tbough, therefore. ,k eJ'
us is the snma. ...i.-.i . j noposen
. . neuiert ie tirme r
uneaui
immaterial
valpe of lands, and each county seems t
strjye with its neighbor in bringing down
the-assessment, so as to lessen i&sharc
m.,r,bution to the Public necessities
l ne Sheriffs in the respective counties
have also temptations to overlook subject
oWxation,antr facilities in withholding
what is actually received for taxes. It it '.
not; unusual to see the contribution ef
coiinty to the public, revenue vary fifty pr
cent. when a change is piadefronran in
capable or careless Sherto an officer: off
- j .ci cm. ciuiracter. i nese matters ctr
tairjly require Legislative remedies bat
't if - among the advantages which wilfe
resoit from adopting taxation as theVatio
ol representation, that it. will insnik. 4i-
pepple anil the magistrafes of every oennJ !
tv Willi xn iiiMo,! : r a - . ' l I
a ""MHuau iiiicicsi. in iie air -
assessment, colleci.m and payment efth
taxe;s of their county. Interittfwai.iiP. '
strengthened, when it is thus rewarded.
1 he avarice which now temntc
i t - - . v. vwr" i na mill
UUI V
impossible to deny that they to shew that in truth ii.
of comn ainf. It la ;mr L.i . lrulb the
i iiiaiai. mar on anv nrmrm o r rraa I A ... .
Donty;ia;the:Statefwithoutduiinctio the TO 'L,, ,C"llc!sl may Perhaps-C,n.
Wtion or wealth, has theUame admission ofa n VwcountyTror the d V be Stio. , but t Tpe PT f 'esen-
.""inthe Legislature, vision of an old othe hey -have urged their complaints almost find fault wtKe " hl.lfici,lt to
JtaoDhiitocalledintobe. tion but that the sole mo t as one man, and have assented to terms which it was ! Uiid 1 P'ples on
g. "J -ine 7ote8 of the freemen of the tude for m ore nnii'si- TK 1 vr i. , .
- oi adjustment, moderate and reasonable, tion as tha .4 ;V Allere were taxa-
auie, ;but it was constituted unon this vino their rZZ. Ku "l' r.1 c,csl 1101 na" the rejection of which now must S " 71 .1 ai u. " "presentation
mine n e nrprnfa. ftr s ",,a,c U1 puwer, were anx- ate reserrtmpnt j , .r . 'euerai
can ine-geu oma
w t B
in the
r... I, . . I i . s . I
ri i t -i . f - . v.m iiuti uprt ae ha ner v. ann t ia m o uis :
'j way by demands. No ,Mrnm.BL. SL. ?re?Blat,ou n the other h,i,,s as laid down in the r,,nvp i ,m uA
via ,ai in villi I anc Jienileman I - 1 . - ""'I
i n n n.i ! 1. 1 . . .i ... . I .
HOC 1131 Ul r? in Ilio rnnlo,! ,1 . : I W . . ... i 1 1 C . VJHI
" n . - wwitu UlSSailB- OUl 'III. na n I oa.. a .. V
.1 . ' ... ..... . uo-u iui 1 larr itn m u I i . I ' -- ""ivuieu III tha ... . ,
me creation of counties whAntK.w,. r":'. " sc-jiumoer, anu still less giving its due ivZik. " . "'oc
- - - - vb hmw WW tm. 111. III W WTT rt A M A X w . " i v-r - II I III I 11 IM mm r, m, - I I
vi a iiihiiii ii v.iii irii a w 'i .i . v lug i'i ,i m i gni hnH
terl Ia - m nau
. Pon th.s vmg.theirfair share of power, were ax. i Z 2!".'' W'".ch Pow mus.t "P
ine counties, lion fn -.a. . : . . i-" '"c.n., ana
A mampirnnu' ... ... , .. l C3C 11 me on i y wa v &t rm.ni. xt
"lyiiii v liic iiciiiiii- nun ivn n ih. nih..L . i . i - - j i ia ii v.
CoD,eUo-? but a majotvoithVc.untV be a L. , .t!' i
deeded y opposed t. it. The dele- the cat I " p"!" "r
lk m .mm mm m. - - m m VUIltlT.M IV I If I I I IIM U7 1 II TC 1 . - . . .
Bi, saia wr. u. were chosen immedi- of their neonle did n n. I V Ul ms,J"ty.ot its citizens. The desnot obiected to tho , Lne ast and h
T1 Vf f P!P'e was quire itft rS ! ffl ff9-? his own deslrT S thT livi its d
71" ; au e aouDted but that or unnecessary, it became a maxim ii "w,1 liemP to keep it down by the ed to be in the verv J-, 77 . ll seem"
they bnng into the Convention the opini- party politics that -no Stw .n? L m bowstrm5 or he sword : but in a moral for even werl w P''1 of fat-fi"ding,
cos, feelings, interests and prejudices, be X the ,011.; and free "ment it must be allaTed upoosed W ,i foun unless the
a (W thelr.'A.fcti,econ- ba.ancVd by ew c ntya oin heLt' """ -'rbyS ! Serba.Peacrft f1' the
JfJ - K m U?C Prt a maJrit of Wi,h a S"at superTority or num We T onl urged to complete the arraugemeS? fair If . left t,,C
them nrobabv. have enmp w,nivo u- j. i 6 . uperiuuiy oi numoers on nronosed ad iuim.n k 11 ,a,r. It enual w hia k
uucua eiiieu apprenensiorkthat e- and L-enf ,frt,.: i,r a , ru"6ailon or a solemn oath. It seem dist,,.-i,i .,.. ' !"w .."lunum is not
Vll and not o-nnd taiill ka il. ..fita . r I .a' -r- " ... UM uai iy warfare DV a stranrra Ht ik.. i T.I r . AS there ielKp
ai. n-.A " . . uisic tan oe a Oinerenre n tairne sk - . w v,,v u
performed teri!ay are generally the rich of to-dnv.
terms are fair antl the rich of this day, will probably be
i.asscu among t.te poor to-morrow. If
these chan !T8S should not hannen nmnnn.
l. . . i" ' i .i- . " . . ri
"c pian ot represen- inose wno now do or do not hold proper
ty, it is very certain that they will take
place among their children. The Sen
ate, therefore represents the interest
which sprmir from the
pro-
Greene, fGeueral ,8' the ratio of taxation, seems to he ne
a I ; i . . I
as not cu'iariy suited to the constitution of such
a DOllv. Ihe nrinrinle ivIuVh fKa
ue
vn and hot good iH be the W.t.f i X of S",
Deriormanr-p. (IM n.. nr.u i. . . : f"i"- uos . lunmnmn .n ..i
..... ounv.,5, nui ui 0e re- cou d not hut hnnp i i rr1"1 " vuiuuuin?
ted without guilt, may compel them to that thU PJ the Act whicli
. a I a - i - " - "
e in the East. It
eUie.ine ..ioWl task, but tiaimpas. di.satisfied with the no hical aihi, VZ V l" which thU body into
l:r!,,the; 0?.!i.ti,e than of their country a Kh '"' Z ?!" S? gentian dUpJd to
diflTerenp nf I fairiitpo ri
ing the explicitTnju;;: ie IVe ' ' t Lr bVr"0?31 Chlracter'
bich was ratified b the from the nr 2'IL& dePartu it
a n it a .1. .... .i
uaic iioim nn mora thin
- ...vi v. iUUII IU
you shall consider certain pro
4 -.11 . . . . O
C" .7" ?",nl' Part,e!: '? Kll with ..cchrmV. 7f r.",1" am-ename",!.t Constitution,
7. " .r.;7 'V f"r ael hi,, these rer, institution.. n,;. , -'m mar coin.der others.
6.uu5(U5,r. iw ,s mis the only, nor such adunin ik.m - " .T". . 1 1 tnal n calling this Convention.
nprtiuns Ka .1:02- .i. - i . . k iiitm as nuu u r.nrrerr i ih. u i i .
ir....i u . i '.1.111,1 msc. ma.!, innse wnn nri cni 1
der nthere. S; t,-
l j " . . "i "CJ
nave none a s-reat riea mnr -n.
part,e,:but it ma, helo 5s in maki l,.f 3.".' . ' Pa",c lerMPrt of thli U Droi.l.. . m. r "
.-.v. r to .d,ert to ,f su:ss:c- b. ,h.wm f
un wmcn Drought them into be ne been. True it is that th Zrn 7 peopie that a Convention shall be called
ietr?at,,Ti,,eT. t,,i,?lr-' -: - fi r renditheConStituli0nthe
settlements of North-Carolina were made nam r M ppeare . 1,lePer- ticulars snec fied : and thp i:L
on the seaboard, where counties w fr7 nn7:!"L crnment Is ?qesr.- how the
ery institutions, against this mai'o-
OI IVU 1
called
nT.l r: j . .. . . i now uie l.nnvpntmn cl-.II K -n i
ma, . , ' aiy uxeo, ana there is nrnhxh v nni o uc canea anu
t;t k nit nn nt c.k ... - . i . . . - r j cunsr 1 1 n t wi in a i. . a. i .
, 'mui oiivemeni man in the StatP a .nii,;;. : . Ultu evenc mat the maiori-
"iui vuiv.iu na a ivik i tH .a -I. t - j
ru " --7 r'" c government,
fhe necessity of two k,...? r . . .
tion as checks nni Z':.U1.J a-
dence, sudden h u improvi
excite ment nf p - SCi and "'temperate
miu d f'ther,S lo universally ad-
micai axiom. In he n,.oi;
tivn h.....0. . Vai"uoii 01 these
in t7u7l r.aW they sh
rr rri .
a
man from Greene "Gen. Sneio-htY nmn
maiot equal representation by coun
ties, is supported by no reasons whatever
is upheld by nothing but existing usae
siands condemned by the People, and
nas uad us uaj.
Taxation is not indeed an unerrin
Tenon ot monertv. but it is one nfu
best which can'be adopted in practice.
The Legislature have unquestionably en
deavored, and always will endeavor to
make the contributions of the citizens pro
portioned to their ability, and we may
therefore reasonably assume the amount
contributed in each section of the State,
as indicative of the amount nf
" n ii wj iii iniri I v
enjoyed in it. Nor could he seethe force of
reasoning, by which the land -tax alone.
r ine ianu and slave tax, or anv other
ould specified tax, should be taken as the. rri.
in ii u Li i nn0i. . . -
sho,.I.Unrr;.c,,b cneCKs.that they :Ler,on 01 Property. .The gentleman from
nu mpnr d?,C 10 at the same Greene, had especially obi
: " u,Tse or excitement which
r u . A anM ""Providence,
federal Constitmin.. ..... .. . .
. " uou urancn
Bl7e a a wau l u t I
M '-f was urinitiipii nv m.i n n . . . . . I
AsthennniiJoT .: ::,,.'Vu:--: "r an.PPrehension that it will
im -"'wu". BWC,'eu, us uae nowed disturbed.
ty of
m I mf
ever be one.
i i . i
anu misrrtisr I un
v..v. iin.t:iKU e leaioncipc
j
T .. a. a I. c
P into the interior to .,an 7 Tu", uu ,ne,csrs
. i , . , v'v-aa uciuuii u rt M mnpr th. . ..
1 1 I Li II VYflt 111 1 II I I I 91 FT A r I . M m. m A. I Z .
cnurap r,..,i. . - v. .v.,Uvu iftiiiioi ue immeuiate v han
o thE I 'h " " ''' .W Heho gave to thele.his
thpir-.J- oi j uccree mat the
w.cn population.
Itl'VI Mil IAn a-. I . T . " i . -
---v,.i,u wncn me eviAtino- i'rinci;t i: , . . . . .
tion was'&irmawi k ca a Mua,, ai nis voice and instant y sinks
v . am Li. 1 1 niwan c in. , r M . n n . ri a
.aj .. - .sii a iiubucu miani.
waters thereof should not
At a. a' r . I . . vi.i cui SUUUIU not
At the time of oUh pass his commandment, bids it "be still-"
I i . ; - - - vv vltl9 tilt?
Jbpard and large towards theWest, but
vfith'no'vpr m... 1,.1 : .
, I Wm
ine
m the
d. In the Cnnti;,,,!;... .ci?'
reinrdp . . t'wjoonties were
regarded as entu .sr.. t i -..
,,r . iv. me lunaortants
of each v.-as given the powW to el ec rone
member to the Senate .1 L 9e
?f Colons of ,he.Ge;eu?rsS::i!
. Ittirc ClIilllllPE Ctnn 1
p -; utcame
Ppuloaand for a time the i w rdif
flcultv-Witl. the L..il..r.-: ",.l,?.)1'-
in i Cduntie.' of .h.lTi "i'."6
f-.Pcd.t .hen the number and coT
. yi uicir ciuzens required it
nor was fhp r.0;0i V . l?
tiPtu-i I r 5,0,aiu,c '"poriuned l?V
rX n"r this PurPs ecePt when a
rfronabIe aiu .vida.i f : i. ,
rt on ri.4 i V -Z' - ? Me appiica
ElM the-Cohstitutbrf no seat of
gis.'T.r TheLe-
och i,iair.pu - :: rv". al
i Lilt- aln.a'.r 1 '
tious J?ar?aDnotntet hv 0t.Ai. " r.
- iiiiiii TiitiA . : --,.. --i-.-s
,fi;,y, t " vu u,ne' no,the place
1 t 1 I I r -M t. a-a a . .
the -rPJ a unUpstion on which
? ---i ciiement wa fp t .-rh
or
member! frm was-.ieic f i
tit,,,.?.. ",ns "Inch were soli.
kulportini0- j ii, 7 witu zeal n
1 P U?S their respective nretenainn
But ordinarily, the
agnations oi numan passion, like the bil-
ows or me ocean, cdntmue to swell and
to rage long after the storm has subsided
which lashed, them; into fury. We know
not each other as we ought, and we meet
not here with the dispositions which we
should have. Children of the same com
mon country, having in truth but one and
the same interest, and alike desiring only
is "giu, we ought to meet a$ mem
bers of the same family consulting for the
good of all. ; But is there not reason to
'ear, that too man v of us here come ra
ther as neffociators" for rnnflirtinv n ?!.
Charged with the duty of upholding their
a l pretensions and ot,tresisting to
uie utmost those which may beadvanced
nn fl 1. .
uie uiner side r
ihe most perplexir.gdifficfilties do then
auena the tak of satisfactorily adjusting
4uestion. liut the path of duty
is alwavs oh$trnr!.i k ;.u.iii
a I. .
e reopie snail have demanded
1 e a" tnen declares that no dele-
an take his seat in rfftiiMBi;n-
e shall have snlpmnln ai. .a
o- ...:n . . -ij sworn mat
o c win not airectlv or indiPni-
' mV. a1 ..us enjoined or the
.... u to me convention. What
are the duties which he- is thus bound to
ccure, ana the limits which he is for-
u.uuen to transcend? The 13th section
S3 b 8 , a. lt VOtmS for a Convention,
cop.e snail oe understood as havin
jounced their will that the Conven
tion shall frame and devise amendments
by which the members of the Senate shall
reduced to a number not less than S4.
nor more than 50, to be elected by dis
tricts and according to the
Aw - m, mw ift
tion, and frame an I
i , - can. ciauiiicill
whereby to reduce thp m,'K. r i
Mouse of Commons, to not Ies th.n on
nor more than llo. to be elected by coun
ties or districts or both, a
numbers. Tf k Panj j
. rt- : tujic cuniiuaiKi
this to be done bv the Convention ; ;
not the duty of the Convention to obey
t... u m nano, and ot course ihe dutv of
always obstructed hv nhct;.rlpa ,n,i
who because of them, shrinks from the
pertormace of what he noc a;tu. u:
uod, his fellowmen. or kiinaoi'Pw. aa,'
ardice-to emit. The diffli 1
such as to call for the pvp.cA r
i a . v.vnuc Ul. WIS-
domf moderation, justice, candor, and
. . ! "vy.- auuuiu nerve us for hiwh
preteniions. efforta, intellectual and moral! an kpi
sen
ac
propriety of
In the
L 1
Lesialatute i. choVn K,"C . he
Slates, a.s co-ordi; 7. . "
ITn r.. i.l -a . ",M"ur,s le
u ZTrr, ine branch is chos
, .- eoPie the -difterent State
V..umg '"-population. The
una ivf ipnr r .
i . tuv anses ironi the necu-
har nature of that Constitution, which
" V well the State's as the
ltuf'' America. It is to manv n,,r
poses a confederacy of the Statesand to
d,Lr I ' U 18 a Svemnent operat.tig
directly unon the nti.,. ,i..t .. ?
Si-itpc T i wi me united
Mates, io keep up the. balance bet ween
its lederauve and natinn! .L
Senate Is framed fit ! 1 "e
fnr...... .i ... piuiecc me
auu ine House
Of Kenraiian
tivesconstituted so as to secure the latter.
AO every law the
these bodies is m. knpr.cJKU i
w.v, imigreai nnnciD es of the rw;
turn M i,'u ' -- - omu
v. uunciu. as r.nerk-c nrv.a
T ".i " u 'u c a 1. 1 1
uu,c'' All the L'ond till nn tJa-a-
all the nnPM.;nn ..r L oiaie
a V j- Ul vvnose government
'vuuLuu v uirnrr nnnn , . n
uuny . coiinnau te matters of int
concern, the only interef i;tai.. u.
each delegate, hdnestly and in earnest
to contribute his exertions to the fulfil-
o mis command ? Should he act
omerwise, does he not evade and disre
gard the dutiesj enjoined on him ? This
section then proceed a. ViWmt m.t
xai etner pronosed amenilmenf c Ia It i I.
, . H.I.VII
me Convention. tn7M r nAf ;
r .7 "J "l Ul 113
discretion, make in the C linilifi.fiAn
ey3hectioitr designates the limits
whicj the Convention Is forhidden tn ira'n.
, i . i wmcn, therefore, no member
is to 'evade or di
. a.v:. . . IIC l Mill IB
might perrfans have twn fIrlir n..
irom other Darts of the rt k.i- r
a - Mw, v aui 1 ca-
otten arrayed against each other, are those
of property and of persons. Such a -overo!
meni isiormed tor the purpose of protect-
imr nriinontn . . . I . r-
. o rT"J persons, and would be
inadequate to its end, if left either at the
mercy f the other, h can never indeed,
the true interest of any individual, or
ny body ot men. to
jure others ; but every dav' hprva.;nn
and it is to be feared; that every day'
experience, must couvincus, thata tan
cmd iminediate advantage, magnified by
the mists of passion, often tempts us to
forego our permanent oood. and wnn
our fellow meo,1under the delusion that
we are benefiting ourselves. It is rMit
that government should be so constituted
as to bring the steady influence of inter
est in aid of the commands of duty. The
biected thai the
tax raised from billiard tables was inrliid.
ed in the aggregate amount of the revenue
according to which representation was ap
portioned. If the gentleman mealt onlr
to declare his opinion that these tables
should be suppressed,, and not made the
subjects of4axation, he cordially concur
red with him. He thought that other and
much more fit subjects of revenue than
vice and idleness miirht be found but the
objection to the amountfof the revenue
thus collected being considered in the
taxation of the counties, seemed to him
rather overstrained. In the first nlacel
it could not be complained of as unjustto
if.. T"l A . I mf .
me .asi, as the tax according to our re
turns, was collected there only ; and, in
the last place, though a tax on vice And
dissipation, it still indicated an. ability to
JJiV. ...
But there are. peculiar reasons why tax-
otmn I. ..I J I I .1 1 " r-
ciiiwn ciiuuiu oe maoe ine4-Dasis oi renre
sentation in one branch at least of the Le
gisiature. Alarm is expressed, and no
doubt is honestly felt, by a portion of the
intelligent and.reflecting community near
me sea-Doara, lest the Yest, on gettin"
the ascendancy, might be teinptednto cm
bark in wild schemes oflnternallmprove
ments. He verily believed these fears
were extravagant. He believed that the
best interests of the country called aloutf
for some energetrc ptan by which tbe hid
den resources of our country .might be
brought toJight&nd its sleeping energies
roused intS action. Helelt a strong con-
nction, Jhlft; th? cautious habits of this
people aftttrded a reasonable security that
wtwanu expauive schemes would not be
speedily, adopted, whether the balance of
power rFemainedin the East; or should be
divided between4 thes East and West The
great danger wasVfxootinaed inaction,
and iot of rash enterprise. Bat i t was
fair antf reasonable" U reserve check up
on improvidertce, in casethls lethargy
lKald be thfown offand the State deter
mine to improve iti physical condition
;ing of t'e public dues, will Tm ..ni'.
terapted by. the, desire of political weight.
Laws are altvays most faithfully execut-
ed, when the public feeling aliffi
witlt them. . ' w V
Satisfied then, that the basis5f repre
sentation in the Senate is in itse?reaion
ahlej and not subject to the retroacji of,
ben unjust to the East, let w& seewhe
therjihat laid down for the jrteHpus
has rot been imnronerlv arritpH
just to the West. The bnlv t;nn h
nad heard, was; thatlt adopted theprin
cipleiol federal numbers whereas it r..rW
to hve'been based exclusively on v freo
population. Heknewthatthlatfp,:.. -
ciplelhad been heretofore claimpd K. b.
ad vocates of the West, and he hailed a
indicative of moreequitable and modcratn
counsels their acquiescence in the former
principle. It may not be amiss to paus
awhife and consider the Uu:
justify this acquiescence, i.a.t
i hf argumentin favor of found ins the
representation in the House of Common,
on the basis of free populatiorrhad been
announced in the form of a BllA0.ia
I he Senate represents property but tK
House oTCommons representaersoBS.
Slave are not persons therefor
oughtyiot to be considered in apportionine
the members of the House of Cfttemni
Arguments are notalwavs sound hi.
they are nut into aDnroved fnrm 'n.
senate indeed does in the main ran ..a.
property, but it does riot exclusively re- '
present property. Taxation is (he ratio
of representation there-r-but taxation does
not aqse whojly from property. A por
tion off the tax of every county is a poir
tax upjon the free males-and so far a
this tax enters. into the estimate.
as welas properly affect the ratio ofire
presentation there. But in what W
can it tie said that slaves are not persons ? .
i"u invaluable is the h!.t;niynn;n..i. ai....
t is difficult to instituterany comparisoa
between him who enjoys it andhivho -has
it not. . But vast as is the difference
between a free man and a slave, it is aot
equal tp the infinite distancewhich the
God of Nature has placed,I)etween a rati- ' '
onai being and a brute. Slaves are human
beings, i As SUCh thev are enhr0. k
aw, regarded as having a trill which ther
may abse to wicked purposes, and made
responsible for otTencesgainst society.
VVhy undertake to try a slave more than
a horsewhy under the solemnity of oaths
investigate his guilt ? Why if he kills a
man do -you not at once put him to death "
as you would an ox who had gored voiir
child ? Why, but because he is a human,
being, because he is a person ? As a h. "j
man being his life is protected against the
violence of his own master, and his ner-
son protected against theviolence of all.
Although a slave is an article of property,
he is nevertheless a member of society. '
anil litrp nttioi momhn.. ..v r . a ;
..v vu.biuiuucis.ui sucieij CDDSIU ('
t u tes a par t of ts strengtli or of its weak
jiess L'oimcai necessitv will nArnmU
m. -J ..... uvv !V.tUlb
Aim to exercise tKe elective' franchise but
in aDnortioninrr renresentativpo tAnfln
ation he cannot be overlooked, for he it
a part of the population. Slaves consti
tute an anomalous class, havin the mixed
character of persons and of Drobertv. A
such the? are viewed in the Constitution
of the United Mates, and the Tule of re
presentation; now proposed is called the
Federal Rule because it.prevails tbere.
After much controversy, ' it was finally
arranged that in apportion ihg represeota
lion under that Constitution three fifths
of the staves should be added to the num
ber of the free citizens of each fitatdi '
North-Carolina with all the Soother.
States strenuously contended for this iule.
I and surely it is now too late for her
:
M
1
i