Til IIKF, BOliliARH JPeir Aiitiim,
, , u jt - T 3 , i: - .v-JwjviMyju
- . " - ... - , IV f II V-K EX. W
57 Joseph Gales Son . j
Turf. DotiAiis per nnnura one half in 'advance
"Those who do notTitber at the time of siilscYLlving
r sultsequently, give notice of their wish to have
s th Paper, discontinned at the expiration of the
year, will he presumed a d4ring its continuance
until countermanded.
,;AlVERTISEi71EITS, i
tiot exceeding sixteen linea, will he inserted three
times for a Dollar; and twenty-five cents for each
ubsequent publication : those of greater length, in
proportion. If the number of insertions be not
marked on them, they will be continued until or
dered out and charged accordingly. -
jemuus were our ancestors of tlrat day of
rnr' uiaune utmost ettorts were ne
cessarv. undpp all tlw tunn oV;:
, .... ,tv, mv,,, ii.iuu" IJI CS
COMRE SS.
REPORT IN THE SENATE.
February. 4, 1836.
Mr. Calhoux rasde the following Re
port : '
The Select Committee to whom was referred
that portion of the President's Message which
relates to the attempts to c'ttculate, through
the Mail, inflammatory appeals, to excite the
Slaves to insurrection, submit thMoIlowing
Report : " I
The Committee fully concur with the
President as to the character and tenden
cy of the papers which have been attempt
ed to be circulated in the South, -through
the mail, and participate with him in the
indignant regret which lie expresses at
conduct so destructive of the peace and
harmony of the country, and so repug:
nant to the Constitution and the. dictates
ot humanity and religion. They also
concur in the hope that, if the strong tone
oi disapprobation which these unconsti
tutional and wicked attempts have called
forth does not arrest them, the non-slave-
holding States will be prompt to exercise
their power to suppress them, as far as
their authority extends. But, while they
agree with the President as to the evil
and its highly dangerous tendency, and
the necessity of arresting it, they have
not been able to assent to the measure of
redress which he recommends that Con
gress should pass a law, prohibiting, un
der severe penalty, the transmission of
incendiary publications through the mail,
intended to instigate the slaves to insur
rection. After the most careful and deliberate
investigation, they have been constrained
to adopt the conclusion that Congress
has not the power to pass such a. law; that
it would be a violation of one of the most
sacred provisions of the Constitution, and
subversive of reserved powers essential
to the. preservation of the domestic insti
tutions of the slave-holding States, and,
with them, their peace . and security. .
Concurring as they do, with he President,
in the magnitude of the evil, and the ne
cessity ot its suppression, it would have
been the cause of deep regret to the Com
mittee, if they thought the difference of
opinion, as to the right of Congress, would
deprive the r slave-holdins States of anv
portion of the protection which the mea
sure recommended by the President was
intended to afford them. On the contra
ry, they believe all the protection inten
ded may be afforded, according to the
views they take of the power of Congress,
without infringing, on any provision of
the Constitution on one side, or the re
served rights ot the States on the other.
The Committee, with these prelimina
ry remarks, will now proceed to estab
lish the positions which thev have assum-
.! i ... .. .
cu, ucgminng wim the hrst that the
passage ot such a law would be a vinla
tion oi the provisions of the Constitution.
1 In the discussion of this poi nt, the com
jnittee, do not deem it nemtirv
. m
sure, to outain the assent of the States to
me ratiticatipn of the Constitution. A
mong the many objections to its adoption
none were more successfully urged tharf
..v u,c..i,c iii ine instrument ot those
genenH provisions which experience had
"iiuwn io oe necessary to guard the out
vyo. ks or liberty ; such as the freedom of
the, press and of speech, the rights of con
science, or trial by lury, ami others 0f
like character. It was the-belief of those
jealous and watchful guardianiof liberty,
who viewed the adoption of the Consti
tution with so much tfppreheiision, that
an mese sacred barriers, without some
positive prevision to protect them, would
by the power of construction, be under
mined and prostrated. So strong was
this apprehension, that it was imrmssihlft
to obtain ji ratification of the instrument
n many of the States, without flcromna-
nying it with the recommendation to in.
corporate in the Constitution Various ar
ticles, as amendments, intended to re
move this detect, and guard against the
danger apprehended, by placing these
imnnrt?inf- fili K 1 .1 ...
...T..,.v ,,-i3 uvyuiw me possible en
ciurfLiuueiii 01 uongress. Urie of the
most important of these is tliat which
sianns ac me head of the list of amended
articles, and which, among other thinzs.
oe lias if . ..I e
..cxc ucc suaieu, pronioits the passa
01 any law abridging the freedom of the
rress, and which left that important bar
rier against power under the exclusive
autnority and control oj the States.
That it was the object of this provision
to place the freedom of the nress hvr,ri
the possible interference of Congress, is
a doctrine not now advanced for the first
time. It is the ground taken, and so a
bly sustained, by Mr. Madison, in his
celebrated report to the Virginia Legis
lature, in 1799, against the alien and'Ve
dition law, and which conclusively set
tled the principle that Congress has no
right, in any form, or in any manner, to
interfere with thereedom of the Press.
The establishment of this principle not
only overthrew the sedition act, but was
the lead ins: cause of th
..I. 1 !7 r .
nn.i ih H 1 1 z 1 'l
...... ii.c jicupie 5 wnneic wouidrequire
the intervention of courts and juries to
enrorce the provisions ol a sedition law,
which experience has shown are not all -ways
passive and willing instruments in
the hands of Government, where the
freedom of the press is concerned.
From these remarks, it must be appa
rent that to prohibit publication on one
side, and circulation through rh mail nn
the other, of any naner. on account of its
religious, moral, or political .character,
rests on the same principle, and that each
is equally an abridgement of the freodnm
of the press, and a violation of the Con
stitution. It would indeed h
but a poor triumph for the cause of liber
iy, in me great contest of 17QQ. had tb
.. . - w r SJ MM iav
sedition law been put down on principles
that would have left Con
surpress the circulation. thrn:ih Kp m;i
... .w.j juuncaiiuiis wincn mat odious
act was intended to prohibit. The au
mors ot that memorable achievement
would have had but slender claims omth
gratitude of posterity, if their victory over
the encroachment of power had been left
so imperfect. ,
It will, after what has been said, re
uire but few remarks to show that the
same principle which applied to the sedi
tion law would apply equally to a law
punisning, Dy Congress, such incendiary
luuncauons as are referred to in the
message, and, of course to the passajre
f. I - ... i'L'j' . 1 . . -O
ui a iav pronioiting their transmission
through the mail. The principle on which
tue beumon act was condemned as uncon
amuuuitai was a general one, and not
limited in its application to that act. It
withdraws from Congress all riht of in-
4 .. " o "
iciicience wiui me nress. in anv form or
shape whatever; and ' the sedition law
was put down as unconstitutional, not be
cause it prohibited publications aeainst
.1.- r- ... ' . . . o "
wic viuvernment, out because it ntPrfpi--
ed, at all, with the press. The prohibi
,l,l,(..iT- V:.'. - - re.mUeH,I. be more difficult 'in' r An.,,'
able. TI,fcComDacn r.r" l,"'- i"e.'r,'er: '. POiWy ,f.
vide, that all now. Z'j !., f " 'rel " Kegarding-it, then.
reserved t .he Station! 5 f'0"8.?"1 bllh b.T reason' ad., pre
l'o ascertain, then, whether th wn!VrTT :?i! i....? .co'". tW
question is delegated
onryv necessary to ascertain whether it is
y louuu among the enumerated
ers or not. It it be jiof mnn
v um vii
wit.r it, have prepared bill, and jilirec- regarded in the
oatio 7eat6tg'come at on ce. to the conclu
ston that H if :thejr dut to ibolisliti, re
prdless nf all the disasters tvhich must
follow." Never was conclusion more false
or dangerous. Admitting their assump-
uun, mere are innumerable things wiiich,
net-IBM ' talk II'
, uuju utu aic evi 1. nut
tul Z mF"?- ? rePrt the ame to which it would be madness to attempt to
the Senate, prohibiting, under the nenal- abolish. . Thu
pow- ty of hne and dismission fn,nffi, aa(l iai " .
. r .1 , . ".wx.. u.. , , ,c Hiixui, tiu iuuh ui lis lr.jmrn.
belongs, of course, to the reserved now- toy or'Sis riV fr I J i lffRS '"nded to' protect life ;rid pro.
ers. On turning to the Constitution it Sand ff ' frtoninow,.nS,7 rei- perty, compreliending the civil asrve!i ai,
will be seen tha while the powar of P de- tXr Jt " u . the-mai1 W ,Ct' the Criminal anU tary code, wiTch are :
fending the country against external dan ! iEnJ P"1 ' TT' r pictri' to,era "Iy because to abolish them
ger is found amony the enumerated the offir?nt " ' ; Z?? S' P8t .WU,dbe lse fnstpad of diminish
instrument is wholly silentas to I e'pow! ofstdot bPy Saw? ?t evi,Ve reasonvequally ap-
er of defending the internal peace and fSSn r il 7 W the c,,rcu P,,c.ab,e to the case under , consideration .
security of the St-ah. n iV.?flhe "e " .fwbWden j and also to illustrate which., a few. rem.rt nn
1 - 4 v a lijui nr
course-
reserves to the States this important now-
er, as it stood before the adoption of the
Constitution, with no other limitations,
as has been stated, exceDt such
PYnraccltf 1 1 . i .
.. r 1 v Hlc,ulue,J uy me instrument
itself. From what has been stflfH I r rv k ir
be inferred that the right of a State to de
tend itself against internal d
Fu' irrear, nrirnarr. anri nhrint hon,i :..:. j:-- ....
rirht nf crif, "'lT:, ""-v "u Jul,su,c,,on internal
I o 01.1,-uciciitc, wmcn, by the
lawj of nature, belongs to all' commnni.
ties; and so jealous, were the States of
this essential right, without whir.h n,0;..
independence could not be preserved. tUt
it is expressly provided by the Constitu
tion1' mat the Ueneral Government
not assist a state, even in case of
liriill I nlrtnrv k ,t . 1 -
r .i...4 unuer a use penalty, any
ucpuij pisunasier in said state, Terri
tory, or District, front knowingly deli
venng the same, except to such ner,
sons as may be authorized to receive them
by the civil authority of said State, Ter-
mury, or uistrict.
It remains next to inquire into the du
ty or me states from within whose limit
peace and
rem a r I
slavery, as it actually existt in the South-
oiaies, win be necessary. .
He who regards slavervin those SftM
simply under the relation of mfr nr!
slave, as important as that relation if,
viewed merely as a question of property
to the slaveholdinz section f th ITnJnn
has a very nnnerfert
institution, and the imnossih'ilifv of
ishine it without disintro iin.i.j:.
p .-. l v. ubAaiiiiiicu 1U
nature and extent
ue necessarv to matu f
the relations which exist between the
States of our Federal Union, with the
rights and obligations reciprocally resul
ting from such relations.
T 1) 4 O a I m n . . 1 I m 1 . . a
f?l ?y StaUsicrcZU"oUrSrder n I'
ui uie SiavetlO din? States nr t he hitnrv K -A t,.;.j" .
i i o " j m. i'viiii. iu uiiueniann
cuuaiigered. . ,ts nature and imm.rMn,. u
I I . . 1 vmi..w KMi.f, ir IIIU1L
n n Prtn lnmn. f.. 1 I jl kL I . r. J
,.,P.VIICUS1 111UIC ,Uiij me utjunrHe in minu that slavery, as it ex
ui uicir uuiv. it will i lsts in the Snuthpm tf f;.i,.j:.
. . . . '
mestic violence, except on the applicatio
of the authorities of the State itself ; thu
shall
a do-
on
s
uon or any publication, on the ground of
its being immoral, irreligious, or intended
to excite rebellion or insurrection, would
its interference in all other cases.
Having now shown that it belongs to
the slaveholding States, whoseinstitutions
are in danger,! and! not to Congress, as is
supposed by the message, to determine
what papers are incendiary and intended
to excite insurrection amons the slaves.
it remains to inquire, in the next place,
are sovereign and independent communi
ties, united by a constitutional Compact.
Among its members the laws of nations
are in full force and obligation, except
as altered or modified bv the compact;
and, of course, the "States possess,
with that exception, all the rights, and
are subject to all the duties, which se
liave been equally unconstitutional ; and,
1 if.'., ji - ... . J
mnvinonf. r .i . . "isuiunons are attacked
""" f'j " icasun, uic sunnression ot ... . . .
their circulation through th r.ii "ivi Ta BU"Ject. .inu?J connected with
f UU1U
i,- .1. . .. . . " r---
Tuai aic me corresponding dutiei of th n.irf ..,1 a;:--4. ... .
General Govern m nf ' A Z1 "tr- r ..?- r
u nn nr. 1 1 1- i
States, from within whose li
M.BU I ij
or to which they are subject. Among these
are comprehendeoLthe obligation which
under the Southern all the slavehnMin.
States,) involves not only the" reUtiott'ot
master and slave, but also, the social and1
political, relations' of two races, of near
ly equal numbers, from different quar
ters of the globe; and the most-opposite
of all others in every particular that dis
tinguishes one race ol men from another.
Emancipation would destroy the relatione
would divest the matters of their pro
perty, and subvert the relation, social
and political, that has existed between '
the races from almost the first settlement
of the Southern States i
It is not the intention of the committee
to dwell on the pecuniary aspect of this
vital subject; the vast amount of nrnner.
. : i - i ... r -i---
ij mvoivea, equal at least to 5950000,
at
revolution, which, in. 1801, brought the
ivepuDiican party, with Mr. Jefferson
its head, into power.
VYjth these remarks, the Committee
will turn to the sedition act. in or.lor
show the identity in principle between it
auu niq uct wnicn the - message recom
mends to De passed, as far as it relates
to me ireedom ot the press. Amnn its
other provisions, it inflicted punishment
n an persons who should publish any
ocauuaious, or malicious wr it no
""Sl le government, with intent to
uetame the same, or bring it into con-
. "f , iciuic. Assuminor mis pro-
,""u oe unconstitutional, as abrid"
inr Th h aarlnm F i t w
. ..bV,uulll ui ic press, wnich no
one now doubts, it will nn h .i;m..u
to show that if, instead of inflicting pun-
... i .ur puuusning, the act had in
nuicu uumsnment lor cireu atinn- fKm?
.. . . . -.-.Jilt "... "
me man, tor the same offence, it would
nave been equally unconstitutional; Th
be no less so.
T ii f ma Mnl...!.. J f
"uw, aa tunciusive as mese reasons
are against the right, there are others not
less so, derived from the powers reserv
eu io me oiare3, Which the committee
will next proceed to consider.
The message, as has been stated, re
cnmrntnilc that l 1 .1
inui vuugicss siiuuiu pass a
law to punish the transmission, thrnnoh
the mail, of incendiary publicationsi in
tended to instigate the slaves to insur
rection. It of course assumes for Con
gress a ri2ht to determine whaf Mn.r.
' ' "-w-iyvia
aic uiceiiuiary and intended to excite in
.surreciion. I lie question then is. has
Congress such a right? a question of vital
importance to the slavehotdins States. n
11 ...
yyiu appear m the course of the discussion.
After examining this Question with
I fr . . -V. --" " -
nenoeration, in all its beanns. the com
mittee are of opiniortnot onlv that Ton
ica nasi not me rignt, but t admit it
would be fatal to those States. Nothing
. .ulc tiear man marine admission of
mat with which the committee are
i: l. t t 1
mcuidveiy cnargeu, and which, at
im-
. 1
the
The committee!
one would have abridged the freedom of the right, on the part of Congress, to d
the Dress as pAVr iii?iw 4u .m L r . "'cs " "
- 1 vn.mij us me uLiier. xn
object of publishing is circulation
1. . .
e termine wnat papers are incendiarv. anil.
rtr I as siirh. in mnMK'if K: -i
. 1 .. .. - , . . i""iun iiicir crrcuiatmn
10 proniDit circulation, is. in effert. in through the mnil. nprpiciril,r . 1
prohibit publication. They both have a right to determine what are hot incendi-
common ooject the communication of
sentiments and opinions to the nuhlir
I ll. I ' . .
auu uie proniDiiion ol one may as effec
"pptH utu communication as
the prohibition of the nth
I . I nr j 1
wouiuas enectuany intertere with the
treeuom of the press, and be equallvun- States have erected for the
- - rf I., . ..
i.uii!uiuiionai.
ary, and to enforce their circulation.
rur is 11 less certain that tn aim t
- - uuiiiii aui.ii a
;ht would be virtually to clothe Con-
jvo me juwer m auonsh siaverv.
of break in.v down
11 . .- . ... - n
ail the barriers which the
Drotec.tmn nf
cueir lives and property. It
I'
in.
quire, whether the right to pass such a
Jaw can be derived from the power to
establish post-offices and post-roads, or
M II i . . " "
irom me trust of preserving the. rela
tion created by the Cohstit ution bp'twpiin
. r . . . .
HIP T!iraC " ne' . - .I l j r
.ih.vo, a suppueu uy tiieresi
uent. However ingenious or plausible
But to understand more fully the ex- Congress, without regard to the prohibi
ter.t ot the control which the riaht nfl tion laws of the Stac KQ ..u!.:-
prohibiting circulation through the mail open the gates to the flood of incendiary
would give to the Government over the publications which are read v to hre-,lr in.
nreSS. it miltt hn hnrnn ',rr Z tl '.I' 1 1 I ll. t J . .
, , .. ...JV v in minu iiumnei1" oiaies, arm to punish all who
ui viijri ess over me rost tlftire dare resist as cnmina .
stood by all the parties.
will begin with the first.
It may not be entirely useless to nre.
mise that rights and duties are recipro
cal, the existence of a right always im
plying me corresponding duty. If. ron
sequently, the right to protect her int.-r
nai peace and security belongs to a State.
uie uerverai government is bound to re
x.i . .
spect me measures adopted by her for
that purpose, and to co-operate in their
execution, as far as its delegated powers
may aumii, or me measure may require.
mus, nt me present case.the s avehn Kl
CI 1. - A 1 .
oiaies naving tiie unouestmnahle
right to pass all such laws as may be ne-
rpifitlrv tn rvi 1 1 n f a 1 ti ll.. ' I .-
ww.j tx '"aiiiiaiu me Kxibimg relation
between master and slave in those States.
their right, of course, to prohibit the cir
culation of any publication, or any in
tercourse calculated to disturb or destrov
that relation, is incontrovertible. In the
execution of the measures which may he
adopted by thfe States for this purpose,
the powers of Congress over the mail
and of regulating commerce with foreign
nations and between the States, may re
quire co-operation on the part of the Gen
eral Government ; and it is bound, in
conformity to the principle established.
to respect the laws of the State in their
exercise, and Soto modify its acts as nnt
1 ... . .."fc
oniy not to violate those of the States,but,
as uir as pracucaDie, to co-operate in their
execution. 1 he practice of the Govern
menthasbeen in conformity totheseviews.
ay me act or the 28th of February
1803. entitled An f i.
uvi LVJ lllr-VHIII Tll
ll f ar "ndJr t0 p,VVent their cit 00' the ruin f families and individual, i
17.ens trnm l istn .-KI U I.L .... s rrrsrMm$
, " "S ieace or en- me impoverishment arid prostration ;of an
dangenng the security of other States; entire section of the Urriim, and the fata!
and, in case of being disturbed or endan- blow that would be oriven tn K
r- m urn- VUUV
nrPCPtii itinrtnra nnv k.r.n i I .. . . & lu,ULU '
miA u.i -1 1 u" L ' lu "?,a,,Jr ner- gerea, the right of the latter to demand Hons of the li. " -
ot the former to adopt such measures as Uhich the commerce, the haviwtihnl'tK
will nrpvAnt t
men t clui i ciiue. ann. r n.
fused or neglected, to resort to such mea
sures as its protection 'may require.'
This right remainsrof course, in force
among the States of this Union; with such
limitations as are imposed expressly by
the Constitution. Within their limits,
the rights of the slaveholding States are
as full to demand of the States within
whose limits and jurisdiction their peace
is attiieu, io auopt the measures neces
sary to prevent the same, and if refused
or
maouractutes, and the revenue Of th
country, almost entirely depend. As great
as these disasters would be. ther ar no
thing compared tn what ton t fnllAur Ik
w j " iviivo lUV
subversion of the existing relation betwaea
the two races, to which the committee will
confine their remarks.
Under this relation, the two races Have
long lived in peace and prosperity, and,
if not disturbed would long continue so
to live. While the 'European race haa
rapidly increased in wealth and numbers.
i
neglected, to resort to means to nro-fand at the sam flm k '
f, k l ' -r r i -- .iiiiii(Miicu,a
! - T j11 ine were separ- equality, at least morally and intelfecttt.
ate and independent communities. - ally, with their brethren of the non-slave-
;M7 j ' , ,,ie yner.nan are homing states, the Africa race has maU
nuv uuij unuer
an me obligations which tiplted with not esa raniditir. ;
independent communities would be to a- nied by great.Jmprovement, physicallr
dopt such measures, but also under the and intellectually, and the enjoyment of
obligation, which the Constitution super- a degree of comfort with which the lahor
adds rendered more sacred; if possible, ing class in few countries can-compare,
oy the lact that, while the union imno- and confessedfv sreatlv
1
4 K a ta ron tm e 4 m l 1 i
.6uuicui9 may ue, Dy winch :t may
...
riffht mm
i ... o ",r
nese, or any other sources. thw nii.o
n . . . v iiiuai
if' v JVu the,r ?blect The jealous
...iu. nueriy wmcu characterized our
ancestors at the period when the Consti.
wuuon was adopted, forever closed the
jioor uy wn.cn the right might be implied
from any of the granted powers, on an.
Cr ' . . - here be any other. The
CV'; -A 1- lo the.ae"ded article
u.c onsuiuuon, which, among olh
dim iue man-is an exclusive nnuof Tt
must also be remembered that Congress,
in the exercise of this nower. mao
clare any road or naviirable wafer o
post road ; and that, by the act of 1825,
it is provided that no stae. or n.h
vehicle, which regularly performs trinsn.,
a post; road, or on a road parallel tn t
snail carry leuers." l ne Same provis
a. I t i
extenus ta pacKets, boats, or other
sels, on navigable waters. Like
" i i . '
ion mav oe extended to newsn-mon. ...i
. "j.-j..,. j UIIU
pamphlets ; which, if it be admitted that
Congress has the right to discriminate. in
reference to their character, what nanefs ritv. with unlimife.l m
i.n . . . . 1 , ' .
snail
ion
ves-
provis-
Fortunatel v
nu utii iini. i ne inter
nal peace and security of the States ro
under the protection of the States them
selves, to the entire exclusion of all
thority and control on the part of Con
gress, it belongs to them, and not to
congress, to determine what is. or is not
calculated to disturb their peace and se
curity ; and of course, in the case under
consiueration, it belongs to the slavehold
ing States to determine what is incendia
ry and intended to incite to insurrect
tion and to adopt such defensive meas
ures as may be necessary for their secu-
eans or carrv
I n fr
snan nr wn.ir sii.in not ha Mnim.ir., u.. hum mi n- . . - o
nuts, uiuviues uiai vonrress shall . .w khusiuiucu uy ..hu ciiau excepi sucn as mav ho
io law which shall abridge the liberty of i ' subject the freedom . of expressly inhibited to the States by the
he press a provision which interposes i Pr,eS8V" aU subjects ptical, mor- Constitution. To establish the truth of
will he hereafter shown, ari insupera' a,,,an.d reI,g,nus, completely to its will this position, so essentia! to the safety of
e Objection to the moasnre rnmma.i
t , , T . ', -" V"."..1ICIIH
m by theres.dent. That the true mean-
ins oi this
and pleasure. It would, in fact, in some
respects, more effectually control the
imailAm I .1. .i ...
nmn'.c.:- -! r i. - ..w.v.wui ui uie nress man anv cmiit nn
m'- o viviisiuu may ue mil V com- I r i " ov-u.
fprehended, a. bearin, oth n l S J Iaw Z&y te penalties. The
consideration, it wiU be neCearV Vn ;;: "anie.or Ule vernment alone would
rnr hf i , . v., . ue SUmClent tn p.Jneo K .: -i.
.l. u u e "'"ory of the adoption ,..u;nn ,1, 7 5-ir-
ui ine constitution. W ,l.vu":" l,,,"uS" me man, and thus, at
'as ' . . . - a " --
a. - avru k' II I U W I I -v .
it is wen Known that areat onnniu; y.? auu . Peasure, might inter-
iwas made to the ndnntinr r 'ii"- a,i
. - . Tj -ffM vi me vonsti-1
tUtlOn. It Was annUJ.j ..I
lides; at thp Hmo ii.: &. 7 on. .an I The article is in the followino. ttn. .
- niat ine nin rwr. i.i i tx o i i. . o
. ? f . . vijur., 1UnETEH IIIlll mar. IM l.m .
on, irom. its weakness had uiyUvZr
nbthaf sAm.il,: . . ' -r r-r.v --T" '"uiunff ine tree
. .,u.Pg must DC done to-save rcwe wereof ! or atriclgin the freedom of
ir. nil n twwt . r no.L. . a i .
- v-w uum anarcny and convulsion:! F,' or or.tnc or ttle right oMhe
irn niirK n.. - ... '
w & me suiril 01
spirit of liberty, so fh? peaceabl 10 a8sfmb,e ani'to petition
-i r! f lutrV I 0 J the Government for a redrew of grievance."
fttv
ill rc a Qf.An ! . .1.1 rr -
.ubUiflicj, u wpuiu seem sutncient to
appeal to their constant exercise of this
right, at all times, without restriction or
question, both before and since the adop
tion of the Constitution. But,"on a point
of so much importance, which may in
volve (he safety, if not the existence its
elf, of an entire section of the Union, it
will be proper to trace it to its oriirin in
order to place it oq a more immoveable
foundation.
That the States which form our Feder.
al Union are,sovereign andindeoendent
communities, bound together by a consti-
luuonai compact, ana are possessed of
an me powers belonging to distinct and
importation of certain persons into cer
tain states, " where, by the laws of those
btates, their importation is prohibited,
masters or captains of ships or vessels
are forbidden, under severe penalty, to
import or bring, or cause to be imported
or brought, anjjr negro, or mulatto, or
person of colo, not being a native, or
citizen, or registered seaman of the U
nited States, or seamen, natives of coun
tries beyond the dhpe of Good Hope, in-
mto anv port or nlaee. w, mil olm II
be situated in any State which, by
law, has prohibited, or shall prohibit,
the admission or importation of such
negro, mulatto, or other nerson nf J
uia ijiuviaiimi sneaKS tnr it
Self, and PPnnir.s nn .ll.io....: i .
y . iiiuauauuij, ll IS
a case in point, and tully embraces the
principle laid down. To the same ' ef
fect is the act of 25th of Februarv. 179Q
respecting quarantine and health laws,
which, as belohffinff to the into.no!
- O O - - """'"UI lU-
lce of the States, stand on the same
ground. The act, among other things.
t Aim- u !iit i .. .. &
M,,cti me coj lectors and an other rev-
cuue omcers, the masters and erews of
me revenue cutters, and the military of
ficers in command on the station, to co
operate faithfully in the execution of the
quarantine and other restrictions which
the health lawspfthe State may establish."
The principles embraced by these acts,
in relation to the commercial intercourse
of the. countr are equally applicable to
the intercourse by mail. There may
See 4th Vrtiole'4tb ectibn of theonstHution.
ses restrictions on the r'.jrht of the slave- the free neonle nf tha
holding btates to defend themselves, it in the non.lvhnlri; F
n ,i ... 7 - - 'vuviuiiig utaicii 11 lOITi
aft.irds the medium through which their indeed, be safely asserted that there ii
peace and security are assailed. It i no examnle in histnrv
not the intention of the committee to in- people, such as their ancestors ware wh?n
quire what those restrictions are, and brought into ihe county, have ever advan
what are the means which, under the Con ced in the same neriod .nMi-
stitution, are left to the slaveholding bers and improvement. :
States to protect themselves. The period Ti destroy the existing relations would
liajjnotyet come, and they trust never be to destroy this prosperity, and to place
will, when it may be necessary to decide 'he two races in autate of conflict which4
hose questions ; but come it must, un- must end in the expulsion or extirpation
less the btates whose duty it is to sun of one or the other Kn fnnv ...w
pres thedanger shall see in time its mag- stituted. compatible with their psace jot
nitude, and the obligations which 'they security. The difficulty is in the diver
are under to adopt speedy and effectual sity of the races. So stronHy drawn ts
neP!i l? nrreSt h! furth" Pgress. the line between the two, in consequence'
lhat the lull force of this obligation may of it, and so strengthened bv the forca
be Understood b vail nnrtlea th. .n.n; nf nA -.1. .L.. ?. .
J I "w tIll-. . iun auu cuiiuauUHi mat 1L Is lfflnii
tee propose, in conclusion, tn tnniu k.i
ly on the movements of the abolitionists,
with, the view of showing the dangerous
consequences to which they must lead if
not arrested.
Their professed object is the emanci-
sible for them to exist.together in the same,
community, where their numbers are so
nearly equal as in the slaveholding States, V
under any other relation than that which,
now exists.f Social antl political eqaalitT
between them is impossible. No
pation ot slaves m the Southern States, on earth rail nvornnma ka AQR Tf- -
...... -iiivviiiy viib UIUIWUIIT. XIIB
which they propose to accomplish through causes resisting lie too deep in the princl-
;.he aS,cy of organized societies, spread pies of bur nature to be sarinountedBut
throughout the non-slaveholding States, without ench nftjtifir.,-';h...i
and a powerful press, directed mainlv to
excise in the other Sfates'hatred and'ab-
horrence agamst the institutions and cit
izens of the slaveholding States, by ad
dresses, lectures, and pictorial represen-
iiuons, aoounumg m ia4se and exaer
Kthe magnitude of the mischief affords
without such equality to change th& nre
sent condition of the African race, .were
it possible, would be but to jchange v the
form of slavery. It would make theni
the slaves of the ; community, instea4f
the slaves of individuals, with less respdiv
sibility and interest in their wel.flre, oa
the part of, the curiam unity, than iielt bjr
their present masters j while it would,
i r a tr m T a . f. . I
... t c.cc, iHC measure by which to destroy the security and jndependence of
judge ot the criminality of a project, few the Europearr race, if th Afrie.n n1
have ever beendevised to be- compared be permitted totinuei their hansV
Mi li3.
chan?
wuwutnuu witiiiii iiie.umusoi most otai
..:iL 1. . . : . . .
me present, whether the -nil K.
. - . "-''wfcrwi-
ganieo, or the means by which it m proXhey wqldJook tIhe'other States
, acumpusnea. j ne blind
nessi of fanaticism is proverbial. With
more zeal than understanding it mn.
stantly misconceives the nature of the ob-
suppprtandjiroteciibn, andWonfiS
corner virtually their allies and
,," i nc would mo piace .in tnek;
IS"
pS5
jectat which it aims, andowards which ment to destroyjthi influence anf
it rushes with headlong violence, regard- frol thedesliny of the rest of the K'
v. vuc mcdus uy wnicn it is to oe ef
fected. .Never was its character' bore
fully exemplifieilhan in the present in
stance. Settiner out with th htir..t
- O . r- - V1V
doudy;
Cfctr. j
Cleug
pnaciple that slavery U an evil, tliaia-
It is against thirrelatioEfetwee;
two races . tliat3 the blind' nd.crii' . if.
4.vi.-yi v'io aiHiiiupnisis ia wrectccic'
.iv r' . nun -preserver m iuiei(jaf
4-
fccurity mora thao Q5(W,000 hHW
r
Jim