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4
4 JUL-JZ-MJd& v & .t -H,
l f' "f .,9? ,r ' dellghttnl peace, unwarp'd by party rage, to live Itlte
:t- .11 its-- -v ; . ji Urs w . .v.ii iit-.v .s-i.i u :,ii ii n iir: n
THREE DOlliAUS Per Annum,
ONE HA IN
V- r i v- ft .
" ' ' - ' i V?'-' .
4-V,
i - ,"V V
JJy Joseph Gates
Those ybo do ntt, either at the time of nutwcnbip
or subsequeny.-five nbtiof their Kisho have
the Paper 4ls;6ntieatai, the expiration of the
year, will be pVesumed as desiring 4t3 continoance:
unUl counteimanaeotx j ;
ABTERTISiaJ!llENTSv
Not; exceeding nxtcety it net, will be mrted' three
(imM for a uouar; ana twenty-nvecents loreaco
subsequent publication: those of greater lengthin
Troportion. If the number of insertions be not
marked on theinlhy yrfll he continued until or
dered out tend charged ticcordintrly.. 'f
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in sENOF'riiis u.,SivgrE$,v
Mr. E-wure'roade (he following ReportTr9m th
Committer on Public Lands, to whom was
referred W bill to appropriate, for a limited
timfe, the proceeds of the sales of -the Public
' Iands of he United States :
v'vr- j Uut to tfu$ rihoject ihereris anolhiBr; and
a ircriouv oojecii'on ; ; j,ne expenuiiures
j,n, support of U)e Govefnmeht are, much
it larjer portion of them, upon bur eaL
cpasj, arid ih ourejit cpmmerciat cities.'
This proposed extraordinary eipeqditure
"would yery much increase that amount,
ana. draw ta the. sea-coast other large
sums of moriejf wliic.h ought properly to
have a genera4 tJ'i&tribufion over the i wole,
United States. Nof coujd we: expect
uch a system, tjf once adopted, to cease, j
or even to diminish for ages. No nation
was. yet ever known voluntarily to lessen
its expenditures If we - commence a
system of ferti,ficatrons for the purpose
oiexpendin'money,' chiefly, and but in
a gectfndarj degree only, for defences,
there will he no limif or ejnd to th mean's
it.wili furiish us of exhaitsttng. our na
tipnat resources. Hundreds of millions
may be erxpepded with a tolerable sfiov
pf public pecessity br convenience,, when
i t is not, on the other hand, deemed ne
ccssarjr id guard and to; save, the public
treasure. t appears clear to your Com
mittee, -therefore, that an amouat of mo
ney, Jarge enough to exhaust the surplus
The Committee look upon the leading:
measure proposed by thebiH-ns one ourevenue, xould tiht,-at present, be ex-
great national importance The gradual pended advaritageouslto theV.cpqntry.
operation of a ystem devised in the ear- The reducing of "the. price of the pub-
ly history, of our Government, for. the Hc IaTids and cedinar them to the - States
support of the public .credit, and for re- in which; they lie, is another mode, pro
dueins: the Dublhvdebti has, within 1 nosed to - lpsspn .the' Vereinta into the
short time past produced its full and- Treasury, and thus preventthe influx o
final effect." The public debt is dischar- a surplus revenue,
gedf and existing commercial relations, Propositions such as these wererefer
whith the conditio of Our country ren- red fa'the Committee on Mariufacttfres,
lers indispensable, together with the it the first session of the, twenty-secondJ
sates of the public lands bring yearly a Congress, nd on the sixteenth of, April,
jare surplus lunu uuo- ine i reasury.--t eignteen nurrdred. and thirty-two, they
the Senate,
of
mittee therefore think, that no interest
which oughrto 6e cherished and protec
ted dy the Oqverpment, requires ithe
graduation of the pnceYof the public
anus. '
The 'proposition, to cede , the public
and to-tue.Statesan which, they he, af
ter they shall have been offered for sale a
given number of .eaxs, js Liable to many
nd serious objections.. This proiect is,
no doubt, isell calculated to meet with
avor in those States; in which there- is
yet rauch public land unsold, as it holds
out tp them an apparent, prospect of a
yast accession, to their' resources. But
it is, in the opinion of your committee,
entirely ; delusWev.The several States
which for m pa'rties1t&4ne national com
pact have all an equal right to, apd an
equal' interest in, the national domain,
and such an appl ication of it to the ue of
some oi me oiaies, wmcn s not just to
all,' carfnot be. expected. to rae.et .with
general favor . -
Such adispojsition of the public lands
would be, indeed, a violation of a contract
which was adopted by, and made bind-
ng under ttre Constitution of the United
States. The. deed of cession, of Virginia,
by virtue of which we hold; by far the
argest and most valuable portion of our
erntory east of the Mississippi river,
contains a clause, common to all the
cessions of the several States, hich pro
vides that, after certain reservations shall
have been made, and certain bounties
satisfied, that the lands so ceded "shall
reasoning
This fundwhich is nojonger taken up presented a detailed report to
In' the payment pf a national debt, . and in the general views and r
men siiiji, remains iuuappropriaieu, nas i wnicn, your committee concur ; and ttey,
Iready ariseh to the amount of about herewith present the same, and make it'
intuij-iuui I..UIIU.U ui uunaiB, ttnu sia pari.or ineir repori. inat paper, lp
it does not -arise from transient causes,! the, opinion. of your committee, demon-
4 M. ft 0k. t HM A n B-rft Anni.. .. Jl I A . A . A 1 i " I f
ik gucau uiciTTiiaing, aiu luus, tuuutiue i siraies ine injustice ana impolicy '-of
ivi .iitica. M.ttta otit ui umijj is uui such a uispusiuoD. ui me naiionai uoiiiain,
at all desirable. Its natural tendency is arid subsequent experience ha confirmed
to produce extravagarfce in the appropri the'rr' reasoning. ; .
ation and wastefulness in the expenditure ' But other similar propositions, varying
oi puwic money. inueecir.it seems to from those considered in that report; m
be conceded by all, that this- large sur- some of their features, have been refer-
plus ought not to remain and accumulate red to your co m mi tteell Among these are
in the public Treasury; and there have) A proposition to graduate the price of
wccif ugsicu, s uieaus u lessening i tne puBiic ianas accoraing to quality ;
in
fore, be expected by any. one,' however
s.trongly8olicitous he ioay.lfeel 1 for .the
adlranceroent of the new' States, thai
sticb fi measure, will be adopted Some1
thinw more qual ajvl more just must -be
though t-of hy those whot .wish to promote
ther interests, add add to their pros
perity,,. t , :
There are other measures proposed
which, if adOp.ted,lwould effect, more or
less'the interest of the United Siates in
thevpublic land, by lessening its general
yalu and rendeting its manaejient more
complicated and difficult. ' One of the
first, and not .the least imp&rtaptof these,
is ilie law grantfng.preemptions td actual
settlers, which was first passed, on, the
29th of May, 1830; and. which .with some
modifications, rs still in force. The in
tent of, 4hs law Waa that of kindness
and benevolence. 1$ was masted for the
benefit of the" poorer class of -citizens,
who having pushed forward beyond the
lands offered for sale, ..settled and im
proved thepublip lands, and made them
selves a home, with some comforts. around
them,-and had become able, by their, in
dustry, to pay for these lands at the min.
imum price. It seemed hard, that these
pioneers, who had th us improved the lands
by their labor, should be conypelled to
enter into competition with newadven
turers attlie sales, &thns pay for improve
ments which they themselves had made.
Such .appear to have been the reasons for
the enactment of these laws. 'They pro
vided that when tvo individuals cultiva-
I ! 1 . .A... .1 T ' It . I
oexonsiaereaa common juna for me. use fed one nuarter. sprtinn nf Unrl. arh
and benefit oUU qI the .United States, should be entitled to the nre.emntion oi
members of the federal alliance," and (half the tract so iointlv rultivted. and
shall bcJuithfuUy b bonaJide disposed of each, jirso, td a pre-emption of eightv a
for that purpose, and for no other use or eres anv where in tliP,sam land rlistrirr.
purpose whatsoever."- This deed of cess- and; b ; a supplementary . law the claims
iuu was mauc uj Tngi.ua auu ticu were made assignable.
by Congress prior to the adopUon " of the v.,v i r
institution IV therefore became' and fol"0J sa isfactory ; m-
was a compact before, the adoption of the IfTfll 1 ? ve been tl.ie
' ...ii. a X-a aa cause qf frauds and perjuries, to an a-
lHiUluuun, ouu irjc.ciiw iu auu .uauc mnnnt. aj rt,fW.K- l ; T:K1 .
inHinir hv Iho tiret cprtmn nr iho. fifthly JR, v.v...v
article of that instrument. It is, in the . jawL , XrM " " , r
. f ... . ' . ved under them &certrncatess:rantedwhen
opinion of your committee, too clear to ,K .a e4t,m,: , ., ,
r V J v.A, - the whole cascwas without the least shad-
i?X -J ! rS T ' T aI r fK,V,Sf tWI ow.f foundation. In. other-xases, the
all the rescue: of these lands to the States LIltl:n 4,rtlvn . c:,iry,D . - ' ,,L
in which they 1 e, after they shall- have r-- "r - "-j;- !!' r K
Ho ,i (i.c9 a Ina n.riml nt VMrs 1 V " " ' "
U ' v . r 7 . lnio-hK hit hppn'mni th (yritnnri nftnre.
wilt not. if anv lands ot value remain 1 , . . .. . X .
gress on thes sriarubjects. ? The ve
ry great extent of our country, the getf-
ral, feeling that alt paKs ofitha,ve equal
rights to the muru ucence of Congress, the
impossibility of determining which, among
many institutions in tliev same - State,
ought-.to have uch . bounty as; Con gress-
migui msposeo-10 oesjow on oojeoiS'Oj
this kind, all lead to the conclusion that
it were better to, put. it in. the. power of
the several States to cOnferv tlvese boun
ties, and select the most -worthy objects,4
than to attempt here to perform ' that
oflSce. .'v: .... . . ..'
i The rapidity- with, whichl -the public
lands. now -sell,, the ease "with which '.they
are converted into money,, the abundance
of money no w .i n the treasury, and the
moral certain tythat there will be, tori a
long thne, enough, and mor than enough
to meet the current expeiises of the .Go
vernment, have impressed , strongly upon
your committee the opinion, that it is im
politic and inexpedient to make a dona
tion of --land for any oWcc, wherfi.a dona?
tion ot mbhey may be as lawfully made,
and 'Witl effec t the same end., . These do
nations or transfers of land are liable to
th objeetion that they tend more pr less
to confuse aqd complicate the land sys
tem. ' They all add something io the-au-ties.ofhe
officers of the United States
who have, charge oi the public lands, and
they serve- tp embarrass the purchaser,
who Jias not, as he wqu Id without them
have, one set, and one' only, of land offi
ces to whom he is to resort for the entry
of lands. There- is another; objection
Thouffh it be the fact that a- donation of
land by law is. equivalent to a- donation
of money; yet we-do not always leeU
exactly so. There is a natural tendenc
to consider it more highly than it de
i ; ' ... . i . is f
sttrtver oo ions as mere- wii a nonur.
debt to be paidr this indvatiwetl tiu
pueu iurvuie curninon cnarge ' oporr,
ally
V according io .their visual respective" prof
portions in jhe . public 'etpefttirt f'
And s.o long as it was necessary for ' thfe
supporiyoi UDvernmenvus application to i
that purpose was right, fori the same rea- i
sonf-btft wheir this state f ihiogs Wha"i;
ceased.- when, the proceeds oi the public;. r
landa'arenojlooger necessary tflc itjier'
of these purposes,?; what is it the ;dtUyD 'of
the trustee to-il6 with iti."accordingtoUhor
letter . and .spirit of.thr deed of ,: trust I
And what, ..were it acase betweenrtindi L
vrduals, wouldli 'Cur,t ofguity.KCompel I
hrm.to do ? The ahWeik plajnind oW
yious. . He not bh I y? misitraf, ttj: bn 1 1
he would he bound to pav it over tct those'
ior wnus uentui ne iieia ll. llfwera.!
not necessary , to disburse, xtfor, JfAiepi h
must restore it to them. This, as betiween 1
individuals, would be a plam -:case,aiid
your committee cannot, perceryehow it if
varied when applied betweehStates anct '
nations. lf,,then, we had remained .as i
we were, members of the-old ronfedera
tion ; if tlje constitution had not inter-;
vened, to change, in anywise, the reifc-$
tions of the States to each . other oc to J
the whole, it would. have been notvonlf".
Ithe , rtVA, but the. duty of. Consresi.- '
pursuant 4o thespirit of that deed of ces-'
ion,,to have distributed amonhe ter-.if
Pral.Ststp thfl nrocepri r ta - f-A -
the lands contained within the bounds vo
that grant. - The delivery and acceptance-
of this deed amounted to a contract, and 4
the above is, according to the opiriioO . of
your committee, the just OnstnioUdn i of
that-contract. .' 0-' - . " i: ,V-. :
But the rights and doties of . the Uni
the-amountiand prevehtinff a future accu and
mulation i : 1 To" grant the lands to the States
Firsts The reduct ion of the customs' which tfiey lie, after'they shall have been
Secohd, Increased expenditures in tlje offered for sale for a given time,
navy and fortifications ; To each of these your committee have
lhiro, a reduction of the -price ot given a carelul consideration. "
public lands, and the surrender of large 'These'propositibns appear to be sujnres
portions of them to the States in which ted for the benefit pfttje States invhich
they lie ; and, ''. the pubjic lands are situatedl for it is
y Lastlyv Thisr bill, which proposes to to proe that the interests of the United
aisiriDuieme proceeas oi tne puDiic ianas jistates, as the great Janded proprietor,
among the several Mates, leaving the re- would not be subserved by either of
ceipts from customs to defray the ordina-1 them. The graduationof the price-of the
ry expenses ui uyyeruuieiu in. uiue i i puouc ianas is in no wise jiecessary or
peace. - v : expedient, a's a measure 4o effect" their
The first-named measure a reduction sale. Lands which- have been Ions in
ot the customs cannot be resorted to I market become surrounded bv settle
ments. - If they be hilly, they become-
the peace ana narmony or the , country, valuable tor the.ir timber and stone, and
I he tarilt law in force, is the result or a other mineral productions. If Swampy
compromise of the opinions of the citizens or barren, they form a convenient appen
of aiaerent sections oi me union, ox ougnc uage.to nighooring farms lor pasturage
pot to be disturbed, unless a strong po- and if not worth, entering 'at the mini
litical necessity call for its modification mum price for any of these purposes, the
Under this law, or, indeed, any law, public suffers ho loss in permitting them
keeping up such duties as are pecessary to remain open and unappropriated. '
for the proper regulation of commerce, Experience has fully ,; shown, that the
it is believed that the customs"r will pro- rise iri the value df the public lands in
duce a revenue,rat least equal td. the r- creases in proportion to the time that it
dinary wants of the Goverment. ' The is in market, or.rather, to the number of
surplus, therefore, cannot be reduced by the sales and density of the settlement
lessening the amount of the customs.. ,, near and around it. -This fact is strongly
tThe.next measure proposed, is a large illustrated hy a reference to the sales of
increase of appropriations upon our for- the-pubiic lands at the several Land Offi
tificaUons and navy, so as; to absorb. the ces for; a series of years. By this it will
surplus revenue, and at the same tirhe be seen that a larger per -centum of the
put the country in an attitude of defence lands actual lyiomarket at private sale,
in the event of a foreign War. Such in- has generally sold athe oW , than af the
greased appropriation,7 to some extent, is new offices' and that per centum i has cen-v
in the opinion Of.yoqr committee, neces- erally increased in proportion to the time
sary auu proper, mere uugm in ue uean me ianus nave oeen in. inarKei. it is a
out with a liberal hand, all that can be remarkable fact, bearing upon this pro
well applied to render the seaboard safe position, thatin no State ot Territory,
from foreign aggression; but "-the amount has the sales of public lands at private
jasked by the Executive for borji these sale been so great in proportion to the
purposes, does not, With tlie'other cur- quantity in market within the !Iast;!five
ient.?expences of Government, ; exceed FvearSk as in. yhio, in which State the.
the probable receipts from customs, for public lands have been longest exposed
the ensuing year, the;eountry, be not tosale. y 5 - . -.: i
invuiyeu m war. T And: it is not, in the! xour committee are also or .opinion
i opinion ot your committee, proper that I tha such graduation or reduction in;. the
i anj expenaiture should be made in -the Ipnce Of the public landswould Operate
- miiBiiusuu,! ui luiuucauons or naval ar-n me injury, ana not ine ueneut xm,mt
1 w. n m nnfo fnm tVt . T' . ' I :j L l i i- '...I.:t. I- .11.J
jnaiis.iii.D iui me jui puse oi exnaustipg i section oi-euuiury id'.wuich uch ianus
the Surplus ; revenue ' If it be, IheVex- iie. If themowhtof, public land, the
penditure of money is made at jpnce the 1 price of which was .thus reduced, - be
inmary object; and the improvement of great, its first and immediate effect would
the nationardefehces.but su(bor4 be. to-reduce the v.aiue.ot all the land io
auxiliary thereto.; This would be true in Jits vicinity, pro rata withthereqketion'Of
iact as wen asm form if muenjmoney itne puoiic lands., lo. those .who .were
were expendedrvit would necessarily belfuithanded, and able to make large piir
applied to little purpose.- Wc migKt'orilchasej, it might open a fine field for spe-
a Buuueu emergency, in a.snon ume, ot icuiauuu, anu promaoie mvesimeni w
iarc cxpenuiiure, prepare rornncaupnstcapiiaif-ana n. tne price we,re reduced
ted States as a contracting party, are not
serves and to treat it toovhighly in Ugis- at allhangedby the adoption ,of the ct)n
iation. isuiuuon. ine isi secuon ot me otn ar-
Yonr committee., on the whole, believtfiticle t that instruraept. provideg f'tha
that it is better, 'if Congress have the all debts contracted, and engagements t
. .' .r l J:il..i- i . I jtA. I !. U - f ik.' 'J i'T. it
consiiiutionai power,. j.u uisinuuie among i euiereq, into, up i ore uiv auopiion oi this
the several States, according to their re- constitution, hhall be as valid against thM
specttve rights, the proceeds of the- sales J United States under J$.ts Gonstitutidniai'l
ot, the. public lands,..ailowing me ijtates under the ; conredf ration7 so , that -our
V. ncn If fnmm anv rmm oil . nf tha nnrnno.D 1 nivlifk antl nnp. rl f 1 4 1 a wifla r Am Jt .w
IU use Ik ivr ai'J UI u U"V. uirysi iigiita, fcfuv. uv,w.iy) , I vgai U vu .
X & .VU . a . J .a mnnrl ..I In IUab. i 1 1 a I il.ia 4- ... As f . ft A ftl.' C A . M.. si it i. J' -
set luriii aiiu.i ciivmiucuucu ui iiiviunisi una iiust, .ats ui sauis uicbiftcir. liab
and memorials. But that the lands them-1 they would have. been under the -Id xori- fc
selves should not be assigned over, giv.en i federation.: AH that has beensaidrelativo f
c.auu iiu iji 1j- . .t. . . a. . at .
m .. . m v . it. - j . . r .h m
.u: t. r ut ii. awav, or granxea ov congress s mat me to me aeea oi -cession irorn vjreinia.aD.
unsold, De disposing; or; mem oona me. ' j ...... ,-M.n n,iuu..i nvA 4 ancient. system ot -sales "should - be care-1 plies equally to. vthetcessiOns from- the
for tKe benefit of
111 iiif tfii iin 111 iiu i.iiiii.i all m. i trr i . m . "
v" " "-n. ;v : hi, I
V . " i ? i i .ill ti-iri .ill. J , .A. ... w." -t
t:- u. .mnnn fk Itions from it, wnicn nave causeu mucn l oears aate auer 411 auopuon . -or1 tne reaK
nave . . .. . . r . r
. . 1. 1 . . ii 1 1111 nvisb u uuii nib same uum iri - ei tiiin i . - . ... .... ... . .
principle on wnicn grants 01 iana nave f . .? r..rt waste and contusion, shoujd, as soon as rral cobstUu tion; but, with this exception ;
several main n wn.cn Mhch ap r8 to be al a according P"lbl?? corrected, and the lormer t is in- tenor.anp: spirit .the a;tne
ic, iui liuu.iu wb.b v. fnmm wniA ..,-? a. S.r oruer l inings luiiy restoreu.. aeea anuve consiuereu. . t vv-'- r
h a 1 1 w- t av tat ad r 1 . o - - 1 rri ' -
been rnade to the
the puhlic lands I
anv. kind. is. that f he United States be
ing a large landholder, have, in the man
agement of that property, a right todo
what any other landholder, who consul
ted his own interest would rdo appro
priate a portion of his lands, or their
proceeds, to open roads and canals,.' and
to construct public works in their neigh
borhood, so as to enhance their Value or
bring them, sooner to a market. Bu.t this
proposed gift or cession of the residue of
the lands, after they "shall have been in
market five or ten years, cannot be sus
tained on that- ground. A gift or, con
veyance, pin part, on condition that it be
so applied as to make the residue more
valuable than the whole would otherwise
have been, is a ona fide disposition of
such part of the1 fund for the use' of all.
thosp who are entitled to shar in It' :
hut ;f w' o-Jvp iwnfr thA tnlmlt. rreirlu kt laws, and that no amendment or modi
anv time. when that res'ldue Dossesses fication will guard against the mischiefs3
alue, we as certainly misapply the lund wu .r" lucJ J,ave pruuueeu.
and abuse the tiust : for. in that stated of Claims of tnis Kinajcannor, m the very
r-r ' r - 1 . r . I . . . m t ML W U U W
things, nothing remains to' be enhanced nature or wings, oe suojecteu to judicial ointei
n value, and the gdt is to one State or to ' ve.?uAauo1' 5 ?r vney were.mc means 4C fe. t -f paying that proportion we have already received intathe UniOar
a few States whereas, the trustis for all, 01 eliciting truth, the conrrontingot wit- ghall be Uid anj levied by the authority two Stajes, an: the, proIperiti-olV uK
and Congress is required to dispose of the nf s against witness Dy parties, who sum- and direction' 0f the several States." To whole country , habeenhereliXiffreatir
t r Jt . a a. 1 c. c .iff iiiinipu fin nil r 11 bin is in 1110 iir r orm nr rt 1 . - - . . . . i . . 1 ( a . .at t r - 1 .
anu oonajiae ior me oeneni 01 aiu t this state ot things, existing at tne- time 1 enhanceu. it wooja seem,, mat when' aj
- - ruiiii 1 1 1 1 r-Mui r'l 11 irm iu immiiirir w t iur- . .. i . t -w . a - a w m. f - . m. mt . mt . - i
But if Congress had the right to give "v - , 7 . ".77 : of the del yery.ot thO.. Virginia-. Ueed olHarge extent or, 'territory was aadetuB
V ej 1 11 rAti tin m v t m ivattnn r thnoA m to I mr . , ' . . . .4.-, . v j . . j
which would serve the DurDoVe of a fern
porary defence ; but all those substantial
works, which are to stand as our future
and permanent fortresses require tfrnei a
sel ection of materials, and skil ful engi
neers, which it is not in our power to
upplyj much beyond what, is necessary
in expending judiciousiyand skilfully
our ordinary appropriations, So, ; also,
ua respect to the navy,
low, so as to male it an object with the
Capitalist... the Public lanrU wmild hft
purchased up at once, on speculation,
and retailed at an advanced .nrie'e. It
would thus cause a fluctuation in the val
ue 01 ittim, 4 uikauu a use in its price,
wliichis.eye
Id v-thUajdiou5.. speculator, but i'niml
cal to the interests of the. agricultura
portion of the eoramunityi,
ITf fhh-irk if Ida InH'.- Wl iaiHC IUHJ ISIUICU.. - - UCCU 8UUIC tuiljiutu. , t.
m.m.AtM .J. HV IUUt I . . . r 1 . . . 1 T At I . , . . . I
vi,l,l,.Ui..rf;fir, .o J,. : ine question I consmuiionai power . i our vouimiviee are nence itax the
miliarly called a float." isrhich they Has ?ccuPJe,d the. careful and sedulouj:at-. conclttsioni that with respectrttepro'. v
might lay on apy of the lands 'of -the ' U- he,uluu 01 1B1,1B1 iau wcvus .t. "u; " i
;o.i ct,f0 i,:Mf: A;o .j oreseni to me oenareaue course 01 .rea- aegree ui lavuaue, .auu cas 01 me'Mii-
'"it" vjiaito ,Tiiii,ii nas suivcvcu. a IIU I 1 ......... . 1 . w. . ' n . . ... . . H
not offered for-safe ; thas ' takint; at ?the inS on; th.a: 5ttct wn,c,n. lrie? consi- sissippi river, yo.ngres pot Wyas,.th
minimum price of gl 25 per acre, lands u1eriranul lcu T!11 l'' wYM,9PPf
worth, m many instances; more thah " lVu 4Uiluo wv,u.w.. m Pv.-.. v.-w.wm. V " f , V i,cwJw"
,in ;moC k em i...? sesses tne power to aisinouie. uie pro- on mem uy a cuuiraci. wuicn ' isj re.
r. i. . . Irppila nf tho nfihlir. Innns ap.rnrilino v i n I t-.rMrni7.ed and atlonted br the lTnrififrL I
nies, it is ueneveci, nav oeen iormed,p, . . r v ! Tm J a T- " v-t
mkn nrnnnra olfiilaW. ' nf ! the PriPClpleS Ot tMS bill. UlOO. , . . . - . V if 4
to bernade. t the warrant. L,&1 ,,nnn At the ttme the deed of cessiori from Asto thejand lying, within the boundib
them, and whenever a good -tract of land
is ready for sale, cover it over with thei
... . . I LnHi.Aln nmoiHag 4 Vi i f all (.hni'irao ni wirlrin r- r. m nnrt rnnrnrninir ir nn.An.4tln
past year, from this single source, have and oUier. expenses thatshall he marred Itio
:n: .f j -h. for the common defence, or general weU nized hv. thtf Constitutions which-exbresii!"
J ir. ...1 olfr....wl K r lliu ITnifnfl S(utae rltr outlinriTaH iYtA t1lfrflll nF. Ikii .JJ! ;
in Senate assembled, shall be defrayed I ttonal territory, or which plaees tHe landt-
out of a common treasury, which shall f so 'purchased in- the same situation 'u withl
k oiinikliar) Kff lli. caunVal fifalooh' " ' ltlif uiWinh IV c nrifrinftllv r n fa-mmA.A i
. 11 . . . . ' . . w - 1 . . A. . " - . . . . ... t
The mode oi-deterrainings the propor-1 Congress ay the atates. .i tjot the tight -
tion which-each of the States shall 'bear ho .acquire the dittoiuterritOry it na
ot tne puouc cnarges, is particularly. i longer ui upen, quesnon. . xi naa neen i
and it is there provirjed thatseWledA anq nyviruicor ijs adjustraentf
for navinff that Dronortion l: we have aireadv received into the Union 1?'
shall be laid and levied by the authority Jtwo Stages, and. the. prosperity ot uKtftv
Virginia was made and accepted, the v-of the ongmal purchase j iiouisiana-andi
r I moil was neia logeiner uy. .me articles uu rioriua', uur i-ignisu iu appiy u rests ,np.i
confederation of 1778, which, in its' 8thlon less satisfactory grounds. i Wei'havA
Your committee believe that a great er
ror was.comihitted by the passage of these
ulated on both sides to the
rebut and repel, cannot be brought to bear j
, at. , .. , . t inn ir rim ui ni i n in iifK I'.ini ui.mm t . . , , , a i ; l i. a. l i i
he residue or the ands. alter thev should . ; cession..its provisions must necessarily mat wiucd neremrme oeipngeaio tne.U-
I i J I W-M Am. Am akw 'in .lituH.i a In .U . I . m a a - : 1 1 , v r - . . W - ! 1. - . f
kave been offered for sate fiveor.ten years " ,C1'"TT " ' . UPP -It as to a, confederacy of ln-f nited States' itught to be subjected, toiw
i, .mi. i t n..i.. - iau uc uuii.iiascu nun a ui iuc. auu nnu u r i 01.1. :.i . rA.-..n..... iniinn.i .i.h-t.x.. i - r-
anu Biiu remain unsoiu, to ,me otatesi v .. j . . juepenueiu oiaics, wuu js.cc u uu a yum-
in which they lie, such a dfsposUion of can appear u"ue.r 1 !nerent. at mon treasury Out of contributions from
them Would heunefiuaiamonirthemselves. P,pa8U,.f' mV .u. U?1 UIf auaP' U1 U1C.SC each of its . several, members, according
nd therefore unjust. It would not give ,awj? d'vert or money trom the tQ a determinate rVgulation,; that this deed held at thte.tXfae'
mem lands in proportion to. the population Pl' Treasury into the cofiers
pf.each, to. the amount that each, or the emPWer8' ;
of their
citizens of each, had paid for lands into
the public Treasury.; The, State of Ohio
Would receive, on this proposition, cer
tainly less than four, millions of acres,
was made, and after making certain res-1 constitution. j,ithas been jtrictln jaif
au things, solar a itrelated to jurisdic-W
stinct and tin-1 tion' : it would seem just and reasonable ! '
. . .. .'.a. . .
ervations, speciaUy.set forth, it declare
The system early adopted for the dis- the trust in the following distin
position or tne puouc lands or tne unitea Uquivecal .terms : " That all, the . lands Rhat it should be Co as to soil also.
States is admirable, and, in ther opinion lwito:n the Jerriin'rv jso ceded to the Unl-1 But, in. every. estimate which' has beea
n( vniip pammillpp. nncrhf. nnf -fn hp hin-li.j t n ....T f. nm, J..n.nt.V'..r .L. ... 'f -
rih tmnnnt riAnpndino- nnnn th iim ' l ucui uu u ul,i. uc - nrnnriateri to an v. ox ne Deiore-mentionea rceeus oi me duoiict ianas. wnetner dv tns .
-rr. -r-r r"w i,-.,-T i..' aVk.. wr; 7.;. v - 1 . ' I '.w ... - - - ,rf;r- : : " f :
the land should be in market betore it be raPu" iavva iHwio vi.auj, vmic purposes, or disposed ot m Dounue 10 secretary 01 me. treasury r-oy commit ;
surrendered,) that is, about four acres cause, tended to unsettle and derange the officers and sijldiers of the Americariv tees , of jC6pgre88, the rooneypaul(brL
to each individual in the State, while the them, and theyfhave thrown upon 'the armv, shall be considered as a common 'Louisiana and Florida has been chargeon
nnhii... londa inihii State, of nWin h.v-L General Land Office a mass of labor, most fund for the use and benefit of such of to -.this fund, and' it continues to be to.-
broui?ht into the Treasury about seven- unpleasant in its character, and Afhcult th'e-:tIitedS'tates as have .become or down to thejast' reportof the Secretaryt
teen miliiolrs of dollars, besides ' satisfy- to be performed, lhe good which they Uha!j ecsme, members of the iontedera- o the Treasury, Of.the 8tb of Dec. 1835.
irig, to a!Iare' amotinty the . debts of the aooears no coiupiuisw w e v'Mf tion, Virginia inclusive, According to U this be correct, if me,puDiic lamisfe
liovernment. v . - . rcrery uonai y.nvn uiswiw, .V-t-I their usual f especuve.' pjoportions in meinave Tieeir maae. me iuhu -uuwoi wnicnt
Missouri, upoa alike mode of distribu- 8ave by them, nunureas are lost oy toe general charge and expenditures, and this large purcha? has been paid,. itisifH
. ... ... I ' . . ti tp. ii H oiwl itartA r v Art I i '.iril , r i I I . ' . i i . -T L U :
tion or surrender wptd have... not less wmm"h. om i.auu, uM f'ju' J'h", JShail ue iauniuiy.ana pona snnei uispo- jtrum nat a cunveriuuui yiB reccipi iur
than twenty-five millions of acres, or a- unlawful comomauon oi lawless vioienceued 0f for that pUrpose,nd for norther land into.other land, whicii would, as M
bout one hundred ana sixty acres to eachj l" f ut ""l" tiup."' v f"."'." .""--iaseor purpose wnatsoever. ; iij men, inecesfary nacic, 4iuh w uisAw?j i
individual, hlaeir-anii hite. accord rno-l have ; arisen out of their provisions. In 1 "had s'tlUntinoe'il .'down 'to'the. . nre-l law oLdisfribution which applied toUh it
1 y " m - - - bw if; fc - - -m w jm -mm m mm mm. I k ,- . 1- -. ' . .. r j - m ; . . . - . . s
to thereensus ot 1830,' lhus, one n- Ult? pl ui;uun.wiuumu.c, uiC7 uentume,fi&;Co
a m . .. t - m . i a . irx i j i. ; a l i ii - . aa: ... ... i a tnar nrnr rvm w
habitant or Missouri wouin receive a v. tMW ' . i Douna.mgeuier.pyt me ariicies .oi;jio,i wc nwuc. 411c iw . i vm.;
auiiijiKK0
mm ntltV of land enul ft; 'whit would Km :'TliPr nrp len ririnpcted in some.-mea-1 and ifr as is. -how' the casev the public
" J. t- t. r a-. I . - . . .. . ' i. . L " 1 1 J 1 j jUa' ; jr;Li: 1j '.il 3 : -..l
receiveu py .iof lysinnarMWnis witn tbis suojevt, se.verai .oin a aim taem rcrc.u.i8ciiargeu, ;iu.e puuuic cp-
omi w;hiip ihp. innns m tihia havi rtrnirht i moinnmats roiprrpn tn vour committee, tsfis nnrne dy revenues irom . omer quar
eouonfAAnimittinnl tnfn for grants of land I ters, and the nublic land nou ring Us mil
n rr. the lands iri Missouri have brought 1 for. spmrnnriefe of learning for public ed- liona mtothe treasury. What ought uon
ih ' lsi iman 'inreniiu flLii !tsDar.- ucstihn. nr naid in constructing works gress. as the trustee of that common fund
ity.
Ohio,
of the Union havingequal ris,yahd
whichvon this principle of-snirferider
would receive nothrng. ' Hcabrmt, there
fund, placed
for the me and
are disposed to give them me roost favor: benefit qfjlM ivtral Spates, V trid it is to
able consideration. But there are many be disposed -vlMbonwfids 9 tor, thatpnt
difficuiaes attending the actlorr of. CoiPJose, Ayo, wt othvM ;
and important ad vantagi
tothe Union from the purchaaCOrthesel
two territories, does , not at alipWeakeiilli
the forte ot the argument, put leaves its
i'Bthis lpar'6ce!ir Jnsaiicej precisejj as?
itrould have stood if there had becn.aj
1 parcna&e of land merely ou at the funds .
(arising Irom saleft ofd
fthejwell -known principle, www
trust attends . the fund, wnwioevwwr:
X
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