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HARRISQN?B OPINIONS;
"
4
Shi r Icohstder it tK rilit of every ciUzifen of rth0fiited Stat6i lo asi: de
ihaad, and to be fully irifpwned'i of the poKtrcincfpleiab andTppinjpaof thoge
vvho are candidates for the Various offiqes in' the. gift of thevpeoplej ftd th impe
rious duty of- the candidate! 4"Jo' frankly fully, avow and declare the opinions
.whieti he entertains. - l, thertore; as a voter, a citizen and an; individual, eeimg a
deeplarid ahidiijglnterest; the welft
andbn. ardent desired tosflthe perpetuity of our.irfe and happy form of govcrn.
mefit, take the liberty of asking you to give me your (kpinion and views on the
following auhjectsr:-- ' I r - : .-, " - ' J K "
1st Willjyob (if elected President of the United States') sign and aonrove a bill
disihutinigjthe QfbrosRiyeiiiue Of- the United States to each State, according; to
ii irapro.vemenis, equ
era! States may see fit
yoa sicn and aporove a oui aistrrbutinethe proceed
Public rJCands to each State, 'according to ihe Federal population of each? ifor the
' ;rje$bo v " i". ! ,
'Jlj6tf8iAbd;proye bills making appropriations to improve navigable
.. streams aVove' ports pf entry ? ; J -:
i.WiUyou sigp and approve (if it becomes necessary; to secure and save frOm
deprciatipthf re and to afford a" uniform sound
rj9tO"heiplopleoT a bill, with proper modifications and
I , t- VV"li aeji Ll " P J io tCi the 'cpii s 1 1 1 a ti o n al power of the Senate or the
tif Riips'enta States, to expunge or
oblif of a previous session ?
i'.,.'. Ai frank j plaia and full answer.to the foregoing inquiries is respectfully and earn
; ftljf solicited, '. our aftswer' is desired as soon I intend this and
i puifhswer for puhncatlorv, .. ' ,
4 ftave the, honor to. be your humble, and obedient servant.
: ; : " T ; sherrod williams.
v ;Y cannbtWy the bosoms 0
' -President, 'Should, they, however; give melfielf Support; itsvilf be eyldenee af ate-reee the states, and combinations formed
least that the oppostnon which 1 gave taueirmsuttioir iwmy capaiy- ui ueprct wwii'('ullc &y ur ia?j pp ?i vc uu a .injnoniy,- VV here cm 1 1 c"
sentative from Ohio in CoQ2rei$; faitjceedeoShnbeiVPkinirfrom & sense of dpt.: :tere1eek-ese local feelhags,, and toestroy tfcr effects of unjust comK 3 H)V'
which Jeould notdisreiaVd - JV ' ' 'u ,fV- ' e'!)eaeerf;;tha i the-fcfarid, of tliat department whose authnnf.,3110
The journals of the second session of spetmrfeenui; Tnd those ot the, fourteenth, rived irom..the same eommon sovereign,
ps wJirshdw that vote amecordeia?ainst.themrtHeverV?Qtiestiort in enipys tlife great disttfrictioa. of Joeing at
thoir interests were Involved! rdwl iiideed.ej(ert''mVseU in,the, aenate ot whole .people, as welt.as or each1 particular
o procure a repeal iif ;the lalwli' .'imposed an enormpus jax jjpbn the iIrit the ormeharacter, the interests of
as co-ordinate with lh , "Sc
once the immediate rPnr0J. 7. Mvlb
state? 1 -"veoiu,,
the whoe community ivould bP
the
fcohgr
which
kOhiot
branches which had been located in its boundariesvatUhe requeit'bf thjexib'zefis. .; : $uppi)ifed," and; in ..tbarUej' the Tights .pf each member steadfastly m ' ?'
'The ground of those exertionVwas not the frv terestoftthe bank; but4o save what I he'represetttatipn.: frbmthe tae;iisthorrtfes in the electoral colleges j3lnt?liri
Considered the honor of the state, and to prevent a controversy between the state one Of the most felicitous features m the constitution. ' It serves C0"sir
u uicers atiu uiusuui me u uucu ouu.. . -. . ... uciuu iu viiiv,i.giii.uiv uu iu uuairu iue interest nf
In the spring ot 1834, i had also the nonor to prcsiae at.ine meeting 01 tne cm against tne unjust aggressions 01 ne strong ana powerful. From tin
ZeilS OI JiamiilOU CUUllty CUllCU iur lire uuiuuac ui CAiiicoouiii uicn pufiiuicuu 111 i y uu vcui uuuuuuc.uiai, x tuusuci uuaiuicu vctu upon ine acts Of tho 1
relation to the removal of the public money from the custody of the bank, by the conferred by the constitution upon the President, as a conservative power
sole authorities of the Executive. As president of the meeting, I explained at some only to be used to secure the instrument itself ffom violation or in f;''
length the object for which it was convened ; but I advanced no opinion in relation party excitement, to protect the rights of the minority, and the interestofth
to the recharter of the bank. ' niembers of the Union. Such, indeed, is my opinion, and such we must h v
A most respectlul memonar to the rresiuent in relation to the removal ot the de
posites'was adopted, as were also resolutions in favor of rechartering the bank; but,
as I have already said, this was, not the purpose for which the meeting was called,
and not one upon wbich, as presiding officer, I was called upon to give an opinion,
but in the event of an equal division ol the votes. .
Fromthp,
r pit-mis
S'slatiire'
es cfh;L
a"
muSt believc ,0
be the ommon ot nearlv all the distinguished men why hxrra fii.
chair. If I were President of the United States, an act which did not nivoly Ve
vfcwaw ui iuv.1 uiw wyu t v yu va Mbvuj sv4h7l liar V LfVWll LJcLSSU vllivjl"
verv dppi:.
iJUU,lc to indu
GEN.
HARRISON'S LETTER TO SHERROD WILLIAMS.
m , xyurin jocnu. iuay 1, i5iu.
ia : J inave' the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 7th ulti
mo,n which you request me to answer the following questions :
H ist f Will you,:if elected President of the United States; sin and approve a bill
vdistrjbutingvthe Surplus Revenue of the-United States to each, for internal imprbve
. tnentyeducation; and to such other objects as the Legislatures of the several States
may see. fit to apply the same?" V '
IWiiypu sign and,approve a bill distributing, the proceeds of the sales'of
' ?bi(: X-apds i tp each State, according to the Federal population of each, for the
upurposes above specified . i.
,, V3d. Will you sign and approve bills making appropriations to improve naviga-
; . v
: tb? Will you-sign and approve (if it becomes necessary tb secure and save from
; i.deprcMioa the, revenue and finances.of .the nation, and to afford a uniform sound
i currency to ' the people of the United States) a billy with proper modifications and
restrictions, chartering a Bank of the United States?" ' 4
'"ftfcrWiiat.ii".fbpJniohr-as to the constitutional power of the Senate or
House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States, to expunge or ob
,v literate from the'Jpurnalsthe records and proceedings of a previous session?"
- From the manner in which the four first questions. are stated, it appears that you
-doJiqt my opinion as to the policy or propriety of the measures to which they
respectively refer ; but what would be my course, if they were presented to me
(beinjg in the Presidential. Chair of the United States) in the shape of bills, that had
been duly, passed by the Senate and House of Representatives.
From opinions which I have formed of the'intention of the Constitution's to
the cases.in which the veto power should be exercised by the President, I would
hayeicontented myself with giving affirmative answers to the four first questions :
but, irom the deep interest which has been, and indeed is now, felt in relation to all
these objects, I :thihk it proper to express my views upon eaeh one separately.
I answer ,;then, 1st That the. immediate return of all the surplus money which
, is, or ought to be in the Treasury of the United States, to the possession of the
people, from-whom it was taken, is called for by every principle of policyiand in
deed of safety to our institutions, and I know of no mode of Hoinit UtertW
that recommended by the present Chief Magistrate, (Gen. Jackson) in his first an
nual Message to Congress, in the following words: To avoid these evils, it ap
pears to me that the most safeT-just and federal disposition which could be
made of . the Surplus Revenue, jvould be its apportionment among the several
States, according to the ratio of representation.
withhi? vn V660 tQe StaW 01 &"SS whlch ow actually exists,
with the expeption of the amount of money thus to be disposed of for it could not
havebeen anticipated by the President that the surplus above the real wants or con
venient expenditure of the Government would become so large, as that retaining it
in the rreasury would so much diminish the circulating medium as greatly to em
barrass the business of the country. i y
What other disposition can be made of it with a view to get it into immediate
circulation, but to place it in the hands of the State authorities? So t?a . the
amount, and so rapidly is. it increasing, that it could not be expended for a very
te,r by-the Qeneral Government; but the desired distribution amongst the people
bmmeHately Reflected by the States, from the infinite vaiefj 0f waPys in
. Whichltmiffht be ertinloverl hv tKftr T tu -ul i i , . ? r
; T-r--jr: -x""-".. uicm ii ungui oe loanea to tneir bank-
circumstances of precipitancy, or opposition to the known
tne to refuse to it myjsanction.
framers of the constitatio
ioiiows, that they never
ce
u J
--- -j , i " r' .uwuu. uiv, uiuync ueiween rnntnnri.
tailed. With the of thppntirp'stnplr ' 1 shniilrl otpp iAnntfv h'imtf iv'tih lhe intoW f .fii. , . O Pd'L
7 ..w.u . vy. " r hiivi toi wi uiie ui niem. ann vn nr.n:i
in that way. even if I should ever possess the himself from the brou'd eminence of leader of a natinn'to r u -i.- r T J ra:
, of stock in a bank long since, I never can easily conceive the existence of a state of thintrs bv whiVh fi rki.r'
. My interest being entirely identified with of a state may be forced to act upon partv nrinrinlps- hnt crti. dlslr
Asa private citizen, no man caii be more entirely clear of any motive, either for If the opinion I have given of the motives of the
rechartering the old institution, or creating a new one one, under the authority of giving the veto power to the.President, is correct, it
united states, i never naa a single snare in tne lormer, nor
with one exception; and that rriany year&ago
. 1 have no inclination again to venture
means. With the. exception above mentioned
put out a dollar at interest in my life
the cultivation of the soil, I am immediately and personally connected with none
other.
I have made this statement to show you, that I am not committed to any course
in relation to the chartering of a bank of the United States ; and that I might, if so
disposed to join in the popular cry of denunciation against the old institution, and
upon its misconduct, predicate an opposition to the chartering of another.
I shall not. however, take this course so opposite to that which I hope I have fol
lowed through life, hut will give you my sentiments clearly and fully not only with
regard to the future conduct of the government on the subject of a national bank,
but in relation to the operations of that which is now defunct.
I was not in Congress when the fete bank was chartered, but was a member of the
thirteenth Congress, after its first session, when the conduct of the bank in its inci
pient measures, was examined into ; and believing from the result of the investiga
tion, that the charter had been violated, I voted for the judicial investigation, with
a view pf annulling its charter. The resolution for that purpose, however, failed
and shortly after, the management of its affairs was committed to the talents and in
tegrity of Mr.- Cheves. Fronthat period to.its final dissolution, (although I must
confess I am not a very competent judge of such matters,) I have no idea that an
institution could have been conducted with more ability, integrity and public advan
tage, than it has been.
Under these impressions, I agree with Gen. Jackson in the opinion expressed in
one of his messages to Congress, from which I make the following extract: " that a
bank of the United Stales, competent to all the duties which may be required
by the government, might be so organized as not to infringe on our delegated
powers, or the reserved rights of the State, I do not entertain, a doubt. " But
the period for rechartering the old institution has passed, as Pennsylvania has wise
ly taken care to appropriate to herself the benefits of its large capital. The question
then for me to answer, is, whether, under the circumstances you state, if elected to
ine omce o, resiaent, i would sign an act to charter another bank. To answer, I for the nation, the nersonal interest wh ,h hr 7n ."T-.
nn V.,v 1 .:u - - . , . . . .
..... .fV vclViluii imu a paruzan,;anu will totally incapac tate him
would if it were clearly ascertained that the public interest, in relation to thP 1.
lection and disbursement of the revenue, would materially sufler without one. and
there were unequivocal manifestations of public opinion Th its favor. I think, hnw.
ever, the experiment should be fairly tried, to ascertain whether the financial opera
tions of the government cannot be as well carried on without the aid of a national
DanK. ii it is not necessary tor that purpose, it does not appear to me that one can
be constitutionally chartered. There is no construction which I can give the con-
etitutinn, which wnnld anthnrito if nn fKA nunrl iTA'. C M : . : P.
e i . i "..-v. ,..v &.v... ouuiuuitidtiiiues io commerce.
n
CO
t
I
ate
onndsed to all the obligation which th nnnctlh.tm., ;r . enurelv
rr . -7 .0 w. v.wVc.cUtlvii juiuuses on a 1-residAnt nfa
United Mates, the immense influence he possesses will always give to his
the preponderance, and the very circumstance of its being an Executive mr'v
be the cause of infusing more bitterness and vindictive feeling in these don ?
contests. Under these circumstances, the qualified veto given by the constinr
may, if the President should think proper to change its character, become ai
lute in practice as that possessed by the Kings of England and France From
great variety of local interests acting upon the members of the'two houses of r
gress,andfrom the difficulty of keeping all the individuals of a larre partv unl""
the control of party discipline, laws will often be passed by small matoriti-s ad vP
to the interests of the dominant partjr ; but if the President should think kroner?
use the veto power for the purpose of promoting the interests of his party it 11
be in vain to expect that a majority so large as two-thirds in both houses would h
found in opposition to his wishes. In the hands pf such a President the qualified
veto of the consti tution, would in practice, become absolute.
I have, upon another occasion, expressed my views upon the danser of adorn'
nant Executive party. It may perhaps be said that the Chief Magistrate will find it
impossible to avoid the influence of party spirit. Several of our Chief Magistrate
however, have been able to escape its influence; or what is the same thirl to an
as if they did not feel it. As one mode of avoiding it, it would Be my aim to inter
fere with the legislation of Congress as little as possible. The clause in the consti
tution which makes it the duty of the President to give Congress information of the
state of the Union, and to recommend to their consideration such measures as he
shall judge necessary. an(i expedient, could never be intended to make him the
source ot legislation. Information should.always be frankly eiven, and recom
eatlT?SfTft S"? h,ma"ers a,s come more immediately under his cognizance than
theirs. But there it should end. If he should nndprtn to to n0. u..
nt Ipflrifiiatirtn trip (ha unlmn n V a . i . 1 .
rr? Wi,6,cSa, or 10 assume the character of code maU
success of his mea-
Thp moot
...w auupcu.u.u yeior usoDject tne carrying into effect (facilita
ting at least the exercise of) some one of the powers positivel v granted to thPrPnpnl
government. 11 others flow from
much the better
number and
gress to charter one, strongly re-
I'Wf r -6ft t?i;vi'auals-4 mode of distribution by the General G
a? f I Since'ely hT' lVn the conteplation of no friend to his counl
Zd. Whilst I have alWavs broad lv nrlminWl tut tu .,ui: j . ...
ov-
untry.
.' T w.vtAu.T uu ill i i.i r.ii iim i h ii in n , lony-ia t
WPefty -of all the : States, Fhave been the advocate of that mode of disposing of
in tM ,eW0-U r6at? tf.e great6St DUmber of freeholders, and I conceived that,
m this way the interest of all would be as well secured as by any other disposition
but sihce,by the ?mall sizeof the tracts in which the lands are laid out, and the re-Ffe-P1
situation is easily attainable by any person of
tolerable industry Iiam perfectly reconciled to the distribution of the proceeds of
thesales as provided for by the bill introduced into the Senate by Mr. Clay ; the
interest nt all sooma tn Kn
.. : " puviueu iur oy mis oui; ana as trom the oppo
-w-, p., lw,Ci,u maae to tne aisposition ot the lands heretofore
uy u,e representatives oi the new States, there is no probabili
beingadopted, I think it. ought no longer t6 be insisted on.
3d. ; As I believe that
si-
con-
ty of its
tea states to be expended on internal improvements, but for those which are strictly
national, the answer to thisauestion wnnM hn easv. hnt from tKp Hiffinnlt
mining which i of those that are from time to time proposed, would be of this de
scnption. This circumstance, the excitement which has already been, produced by
appropriations of this iind, and the jealousies which it will no doubt continue to
produce it persisted m, give additional claims to the mode of appropriating all the
aurplus Kevenue of the United States in the manner above suggested. Each State
wmen have the means of accomplishing its own schemes of internal improve
ment, -j still there will he particular cases when a contemplated improvement will
iw; aarant3geto the. union generally f arid some particular states, than to
f I t -
, dui tnese cannot be made the
. - vu . w iim a 1 ' 1 iiiii .11-- ill 11
...u : i. 1 1 1 1 . y o -
cAtiicuiuu wuicji nas Deen nronnop.n hv thP hant nnoct nn
respectability of those who deny the rieht to Congress to charter one
commend the course above suggested.
5th. I distinctly answer to this question that, in . my opinion, neither house of
Congress can constitutionally expunge the record of the proceedings of their prede
cessors. The power to reseind certainly belongs to them ; and is, for every public
legitimate purpose, all that is necessary. The attempt to expunge a part of their
journal, now making m the Senate of the United States, I am satisfied could never
have been made but in a period of the highest party excitement, when the voice of
reason and generous feeling is stifled by long protracted and bitter controversy
in"S!r IV eXe.rcise.f th? veto Per V the President, there is, I think,
an important difference in opin.on between the present Chief Magistrate and myself
I express this opinion with less diffidence, because I believe mine is in strict accord
ance with those of all the previous Presidents to Gen. Jackson
; The veto power, or the control of the Executive over, the enactment of laws by
l6,?' "Vu6 bdy' ,WaS,nt1 unknn in the United States previously to the for-
... .g .wnauiuuon, it aoes not annesr. hnwevor f U,r
mi 1 11 ' "-"vn-ij nail,
inepnnciple was. to be found in but three of the State ron-
been in much favor,
i f rp . . 0 o j v u x tci titiiiiy largely
mite. l o appropriations of the latter character there has never been anv verv
Opposition. Unon thft whole, thp IstflKiitn i J J.
c' I i.,- f , ww....uiw ui uicaur hus revenue amonest
the S utes seems likely to remove mwt, if not all, the causes of dissention of ,vhfch
the internal Improvement system has been the fruitful source. ! There is noth n in
my opmmn .pore sacredly incumbent upon those whp are concerned i IfaeSi"
tranon pf our government than of preserving harmlny between the states From
the const.tut n of bur'system there has been andobabIy eTer wif be more o
less jealousyetween the general and state governments; bit there iinoUilnX the
cons itaUonothing in the character of th? relation.which the ss tar each
let iWfev'nt wi,hrea,e ry:fie common gardn adminis.
hothrim a fl '7r tlal hand- That th!s V the case, all
ttJ whomMy portion of this dehcate power is entrustedshould ahvavs act
TttMrZX ?d -ore ready to Se
Members Citem W tu"""'. ratner than violatelhe rightsof theother
to d,fcre' course, ,vhos6e rule i, never
f0ld t0 trespassed
"vservations
. . -l 1 . . " 1 v --..v. Ill u
...S..111CX magiouaie. une otner state (South Carolina) hac
deed, not onlv arlnnfe this nr. ;t U..4. u.j .. . -x . . "?l
u 1 J . r -r.iic, uut iiau given its single Executive ma-istrate
an absolute negative upon the acts of the legislature. In all other instant it hat
been a qualified negative, like that of the United States. The people of Soulh Car
olina seem, however, not to have beenUong pleased with this investment of power
in their linvprnnrasil loctorl K,,..r 1 1 ... - r"""
pealed in 1778 rtromwhlcir
Executive contrel. Since the adoption' of the conation offh
V u.eveio principle nas been adopted by several states, and, until verv
latelv. it seemed tn hp-nn rllir ci J ' u u uuul very
f ' wivj ij gjuiirg into iavor.
ka ' : ' J ::V. a "P"""" 01 tne manner in which this power should
tion InThenVJ T- ".f1 rea?n which have introduced its adop
tion. Jn its theorv.it is rnanifafl7 on innmm!nn , r
1: ri . w..j .unuiouuii ujjuu uie nrst principle 01 Kenub-
lican Government that the ma;T.UtrBi,rM,M .,i ru . .F ! T . .PUD:
wi -n 1. , -.".jU.iVuiU1uic. vr ny snouiu a sinc e individual
contro the w.ll of that majority ? It will not be said that there is mofe probability
01 nndinsr Greater wisHnrn ;n U V: u . .i. . .. - . y'j"iiuy
- , " wtG -"vcuiuir man in tnenails ot the lee slature
or can it possibly be supposed that an individual residing in the centre of an e
tensi ve country, can be as wejl acquainted with the wants and wishes nf ,
peopie; as those who come immediately from amongst them the partakers for n
portion of the vear m tko,- iu j 1 5 . . Pa"afcrs, lor a
he f lri ' "r:""TLV MMD14U.U1B. aHU eP'oyments, and. the witnesses of
v,r w,c .awaiu.uieir more minute as well as general operations A for
..6a UO attlluwlcu ox me wants and wishes of the people wisdom tn
discover remedies for existing evils, and devising schemes for mJrS&iS?pbl c
nty,it vvould seem that the legislative bodies did not.require the d o
Execute Magistrate. But there is a principle, recognized byall the American
constitutions, which was unknown to the ancient republics. Thev ,11 niri J!!
rishts inthe minontv. which nnnt 11., u li J JZ "fe
W -
uu.u.u,,urepdrioiin impartial umpire, which is the character that 1
,vCouHHuScu uiecuuBuiuuop intends mm to assume, when the acts passed by the
legislature are submitted to his decision. I do nothink it by any means necessa
ry that he should take the lead as a reformer, even when reformation is, in his opin
ion, necessary. Reformers will never be wanting when it is well understood that
the power which wields the whole patronage of the nation will not oppofe there
formation. 11
I have the honor to.be, with great consideration, sir, your humble servant,
m. I rr w.. W. II. HARRISON.
j. 0 the Hon. Sherrod Williams.
had' shewn that in large assemblies, these
Exnerienoe.
nohts niero rrf i l -r .
wopld bein vain that they should he enumerated to themSd j"
H cKn,f p..u . ----- i uiucieuc course, wnose ru
D: Short Ot 1 hn attommnn C ll L'.i .1 ' ' j "
4 J , aiiaiuuicut ui an wnion tnow mnr nnk. j. '. - -i
iave r.o-j .t. " . " ".-1""Jr- uien ue, win ouen
with whLh TF w 11 nfy they had tliemselves established.
"tin Wnirh I Chill nnnii nJ.tU .1 v. . i
powerfty thePresident wil .y ZT. "L Ct 01 the Tet(
rrv cii us.yuur oiiier questions.
4th,
veto
your other questions.
am designated hv its r!;f ;nm,;.K
i . . i n i r j V Vl 1
ed editor. .. a ''r. " 75 . , aF-, in wnich I
loadde ny rtVf ZmT!li. P? writer
interest of lhe 8rs, or the noli, "cTk",
nor tne. n m ' i iv louct.
. . oi xne Oirer-.tnt-a
tatejj.;(which is the one, I presu
and
me, -with
1H Irlnnt.i.,:. . j
... iHciiuijfiug me witn tne
Hav
stockholders of the bant ot the United
whieh it was intended to associate me) I
tne, constitution. A noniilar assemble nr1ev iu f.L.r. . . .y ;-"1
n.i-.:u i t .f 7 jwuucuuc ui mat spirit oi partv
which is always discoverable iisa greater or less degree in all repablics, might an5
WOialtl. as it was helievpH -1
i i Bvuiviiiuv,a ""'cgnu mem. io guard against thi dan
ger,Und to secure the rights of each nidi vidual, the expedient of creUnt a depart
ment independent of the others, and amenable only to the laws, was adopted Se
curity was thus given against any palpable violation of the constitution to the
injury r of . individuals, or of a minority party. But it was still p0SSib wiSd
vtethltM injustice and-tyranny, without
ttflll Inh lin of the Veto." power, as well in the State govern
intsias that of the United States. It anners tn ha, u
. ,, . r i " .... i.su i.ux2 jiucuiiuii io create
an .umpire between the contending factions which had existed, it was believed, and
SwSS iSf6 WM m? ?rPriet'' "Joptiog this prineip e in
KST' of a State, all the reasons in Tavor of it existed in a tenfold decree
tenZf Pr S- thit of the United Sute.. The-operations of the latterfex
el meLfLoiW ? o"""". Weeing the products of almost every
jnie,nd that country dmded too, into a n'umter of separata eovernments. in ma
ny resects ..ndependent of each other, and ofthe common ShSftlt
httle hope that they could always-be cVried on in harmony. I Jt cp?d Wt bVdoubt'
men
A LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
n t . . , . . Washixgtos, Jclt 4, 1840.
uk w rTV nor t0 receive the invxtaUon-which you have been pleased to give me in
behalf of the democratic citizens ofthe counties of Fayette, Woodford, and Scott, to be present as a euesui
a public meetuig and entertainment to be held by them at the White Sulphur Springs, in Scott county, Ken
tucky, on the 11th instant.
Truly grateful for this mark of their respect and kindness, I can but regret that my public duties will noi
permit me to express my gratefulness face to face. .
That I have been so fortunate as to secure the entire approbation ofthe democracy of Kentucky," that
hey look upon me as "true to the Constitution ofthe United States," "the representative and advocate of
tneir principles in the Executive Department of our Government," cannot bt afford me peculiar satisfaction,
coming, as it does, from a highly respectable portion of the ancient and time-honored patriots of that nobl
r,?ferf,t!l0Se.wl'0'in tbeir da-v were the pillars of the republic. History, gentlemen,
" U l w 1Jls , ucr WDen sne Ceases to mform martid that it was by Kentucky that the first effectual
blow was struck at the dangerous principles introduced into the administration of our Government soon mftei
tte adoption of the Consutuuo4-principles which had already led ta acts of fearful usurpation, and threat
ruT I J" wlIlLthe-nShts of States a the liberties of the People. It was the Kentucky
Srr' S 086 ?f he! iP0 P Sute, which changed the enrrent o public opinion, and
brought back Ae adrnimstrauon of the Government to the principles of the Revolution. For forty yean the
Jl! fc Pn those resoluUons-as the creed of tbeir political faith ; political d
matte 6f rlS T standard, and, like the original language of the Bibla in
matters of rehgion, they are the text.book of every reformer.
hafeinmlwr?,0 PTOVa SZ?" of the principle then announced, than the progress, th
tlZ?VL Whi!c even the name fthe Pa and powerful party which, oppo,
Kentu!v ?JZ1 f er.ed a Vem f rePch iot of ignominy and Suit, the principles oUbe
on7i? m Pr0lr-,0n' lf n in DOW enter of every political sect, anJ.the
an?succet V" 8Qd advoca considered an, essential p'aLport to popularity
ana success. JNay, more, the Peorl amnt hk l: .v - -f r,
Drincinles ofthn rl.,- Ii fl uvB recenuy recognised ana consecrated ui.
. r - wi, uy u act as impressive and
emphatic as it is possible for a nation to perform.
the fiat of th r,,t7 ".Ti" 5 me waiung lor a reply, it has become my agreeable duty to confirm
for the relief o?fb Irf" "stitutionalk, of the sedition laws of 1798, by approving an na
ouestr f vT-"..Lyon. refunding to them a fine collected of their ancitor under the U.
he form 5j JnJZ ' authority. eadoltherecedent, respect for that which has .nutxd
bv fc !ryTlMa.yeSS8fuUy stcd tWf f justice; but at length aU are swept away
23?0PUI e baa' beenlrresistibly decided to be uncon-
nSV of the United State! Th.
pawimuia ui jventnrjrv ani v p ,,. t t- - . , -
tained the KentnrWAW ' - ' V " T,10' "m ulM day midst oWnquy-8iid insult, voted for or so
SS-TS gtn,a . resolutions of 1799, cannot :hut rejoice wUh joy unspeakaUe in witnessing
scendantaW ;rrr,:rV; Trulcn fnen announced their aHegi
scendantaave a Xoht-tZ ; V tuc" ttonceu meir allegiance, l tiey ana tneir oc
lions of a nation I 7.1. T $ T" Pnn?Ples cognised, even at this late day, by the accUma
reSrds ohfc virtually expunged from the
in aehGovem2nPt??;it iS & ?f "ation and joy, it teaches the young that efforts at refors
faJSiSifOT,!P OUSht.new to considered hopeless as-long as there is any thing
thecalse of democratic princi-
T arn u 1 , , - " "unga upon the children.
i am most haDnv to Inform .i
most happv to inform
rpat,ri7 e", uai, A nave tms aay signed the biU for the establishment ot an
you speaitm decided commendation. By this measure, the man-
independent Treasury, a measure of which
agen
brou
u!..T"-T '"cu oi our nauonal concerns, after a JAmtnM f iw - ntr, will be
gui uacK. io ine letter, nawflll no i : .. . . w .
rwi o s - w"uu SP miennon oi the UonsHtution
. The nvsfm no
for theTuTrse of nerveZ. tfc ' J meaur8 devised bJ ends and advocates of privileged order,
iJSSSS1 fTfm PUr1 ! P"5 legitimate object,, vesting all Po
eentlemen. ASrSCT' ?5tSS?KJ?em, ? Profit al -the of the many. I need not inform you.
" n ' T7 T . 4 wFus,ine public moner In banks
an v wiLiifiiiE i n TPrPsr rsm r
- V V- Uv uocu MM
many.
was to lend it to those institutions,
gene-
r cus-
sd Tiari nrlin.. !- 1 i . i .- . ...
tomera. thori.W laiw ; v"p. ana mat tne? lent it out .upon interest to thci
wives bysthe moneTwWrh nil P 0tu-C 8tocd Thus the few were enabled to enrich them
Treasury llllZtt many. and the public funds were in fact drawn from tb
?he mamiS in S? Congress, m clear violation of the pMt of a constitutional prohib.nor,
acouWnce of !SJtZF GremmeBt "8nd apon the counto', with thr
ein:drtB15irfn,, ,eSSn necessity of perpetual vigilance and
our vemr"! the principle.
banks should use it Its use wtfn W T Uc mony 10 Bank" it did not necessarily follow that tn
pri-o- o r - " u m iKitJiv. ana men on to n. limits ni.ni nih, ohiKai
Aose of th,, fim. " nk were m the habit of using deposites, they silently
.7 - "c mose oi private cifimmk. ).. .:i .t ' i : hn nrae-
the principar animtereit rftfT. l?F0",emn ere. moderate, and the surplus was wanted to pay
and the profit of the stocldioMX C ZZlST out nk was comparatively
increased, and the amflnn, w"oluB out m uie progress ot the Government its revenue
the ZTJoZft ParCtlt ? inlere8t had -Proagnp, deriving wealth from
- .i l v " . lc allu navme powerful indiirr-mpnta
1 u.
onzcu
UI-
v.. tooc me SOUrCeOT tluirwioiuft tu "H" uie uuiciiiuicut
di1? fe,t iHterferences to prevent the pay
fluence of the leading nnir.CJr-T-j T.""""?11 usf lBe PUoIIC Press, and in attempts to secure tne
teges; and, finally, in panic. ZJi"-??! Procure a prolongation of their chartered pn-
iK- . . . muiwro upon tne count with h. Hr. thr artion
, -- j w VOliU VS v -
from one
Though
of the Government thjolirtahT . country withbe hepe of controlling th
institution iS mSSBSTS the depcites f
enfeebled, it still existed ink foSL S f. Jnterest. was destroyed, but not iu power,
last few years. BtiS.' ar, a had made iUeif felt in. tLcontes
andtthe act of. deliverance is this day consummated P tnum P"ic and pressure,
' 9 mmy of thc Ppl tat they may make a nrofit u.t of iu use ; but that th J
ii
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