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THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
Vol. 1.
OUR FARMERS' CLUBS.
What our Farmers are Doing and How
the Work of Organizing is Progressing.
CEDAR GROVE CLUB.
The club met Saturday, 9th inst.,
with a full attendance of members.
The subject chosen for discussion
was the present road law, known as
the "Watson law, as compared with
the old system. There was a full
and free discussion, every member
participating and expressing his
views. At the conclusion of the
discussion a vote was taken, which
stood twelve for the old system,
seven for the new, and two in- favor
of working the roads by taxation,
alone. Te club expressed a desire
to hear from the other clubs in the
county on this subject, with a view
of ascertaining the sentiments of the
farmers of the county upon it and
suggest that it be considered at the
next meeting.
A. W. Bevel, Secretary.
MOUNTAIN CREEK FARMER S CLUB.
Bostick's Mills, N. C,
October 15, 1886,
Editor Progressive Farmer : I
thought perhaps a few lines about
our Mountain' Farmer's Club might
be of interest. Since our dinner on
the 19th' of August, we have added
nineteen to our membership.
At our last meeting the question
of fertilizers for the coming year
received some attention, as it was
thought that the Club ought to use
every means to buy at the cheapest
and that only of what was absolutely
necessary. The question for discus
sion at the next meeting of the Club
is, "Which would bo the best for
f irmers, to buy Guano or to buy
the chemicals and compost The
Club then discussed the desirability
of building a house to be used as a
store and also as a hall to hold the
Club and other meetings. It was
felt that the members were placed
at some inconvenience by not having
a house in which to meet, and with
the prospect of a largely increased
trade during the coming year, all
agreed that the time had come to
build a house for the Club.
Crops in this section are much
shorter than was expected; both
corn and cotton being cut short by
the long dry spell after the wet
spring. In spite of the short crops,
the Club members are paying up,
and no doubt all will pay for what
they have bought through the Club.
But had they been compelled to pay
time prices, most of them could not
have paid out.
We heartily agree with the Pro
gressive Farmer in the line it is
taking, and trust that great results
may be the outcome.
I am yours truly,
Joseph L. Galloway,
Secretary.
We learn that a strong club has
been formed at Jerusalem in Davie
county. The Progressive Farmer
asks that all clubs report their pro
ceedings through its columns, thus
making it a convenient medium of
communication between them, as
thereby they may hear from each
other every week.
A Farmers' club was organized at
Jericho, in Davie county, on last
Saturday. A report of the proceed
ings will appear in our paper as soon
as received.
A farmers' club was organized at
Greenville, Pitt county, Saturday,
9th inst.
A CATTLE DISEASE INFORMA
TION WANTED.
Editor Progressive Farmer:
The following epidemic has broken
out among the cattle of the N. C.
Insane Asylum, and any information
that would throw light upon the
probable causes would be gladly
received. Since the 3d of October
seven cases have occurred, in the
following order: One on tho 3d, one
on the 5th, two on the 7th, one on
the 8th and two on the 11th. Symp
toms are, slight fever, diminished
appetite, stiffness and apparent pain
in the affected limb, with a distinct
crackling sound when walking, red
ness, heat and swelling of skin in
interdigital space, formation of vesi
cles, suppuration, burrowing of pus
in soft parts, and sloughing out of
soft parts within the hoof-horn.
The inflammation extends above the
corona and in some cases to the
back. Pus is at first thin, watery
and tinged with blood; later, is yel
lowish and more purlent.
Feet affected have been as follows :
Left hind foot in three cases, right
fore foot in two cases. Treatment
has been thorough washing, disin
fectants and free application of an
astringent anodyne ointment. Two
cases have recovered in five days;
none have shed the hoof horn ; none
have died. Jno. W. Thompson,
Steward.
HOW RAIN IS PRODUCED.
Did it ever occur to the reader
that there is just as much water in
the air above him on a clear bright
day as on a cloudy or rainy one?
Rain does not come from somewhere
else, or if it is wafted over to you
from elsewhere, the water that is
over you is simply wafted on to
some other place. What is said
alove explains this. Water s
absorbed in the air above us at a cer
tain temperature, and it becomes
insensible. Cool that air by a wind
draft of cooler atmosphere, or by
electrical or chemical influences, and
the moment the air becomes cooler
it gives up some of the watery par
ticles that were insensible or invisa
ble to the highertemperature. These
small particles thus given out unite
and when enough of them coalesce,
obstruct the light and show as
clouds. When enough of them unite
to be too heavy to float in the air
they begin to descend; pair after
pair of them come together until a
rain drop is formed. One of these
minute rain drops is made up of
millions of infinitely small watery
particles.
Air passing over the cold tops of
mountains is cooled down so that it
gives up a good deal of the concealed
watery vapor, and hence little rain
falls in the region along the ice
side of the mountains. This is why
so little rain falls in Colorado and
in other places north and south of
that State. The prevailing winds
blow from the west, and the cool
tops of the Rocky Mountains lower
their temperature, and thus take
out the moisture that would other
wise fall in rain.
HEAT OF THE GULF STREAM.
It is well understood that Great
Britain and other parts of the north
western Europe owe much to the
warming influence of the Gulf
Stream. The extent of the effect
has been given in the calculation of
Dr. James Croll, who has found that
the amount of heat conveyed north;
ward in the Atlantic by this stream
is equivalent to 77,479,650,000,000,
000,000 foot pounds of energy per
day, which is equal to all the heat
received by 1,560,935 square miles
at the equator, and more heat than
is conveyed by all the air currents.
The heat of the Arctic Seas and
North Atlantic would be diminished
that much by the stoppage or diver
sion of the great ocean river.
A STOCK REGION.
The territory of Alberta in the
Canadian Northwest contains, it is
computed, 76,325 cattle, 10,025
horses, and 21,300 sheep. Thus at
$40 per head, $3,053,000 is invested
in cattle; $601,500 in horses at $60
per head; and $85,200 in sheep at $4
per head. This is a very good begin
ning, considering it is only three or
four years since the first attempt
was made to establish ranches in
the Territory. Farm, Meld and
Stockman.
WINSTON, N. C, OCTOBER 20,
Mr. George Donald has pre
sented us with a specimen of his
second crop of red June apples. The
tree is in bloom for a third crop, of
which we were also presented with
a fragrant blossom. -Greensboro North
State.
Cholera has played havoc with
the hogs at the steam distillery of
Phelps & Yogler, at Advance, Davie
county. Eighty or more have died
of the disease which was introduced
by the purchase of a load of infected
swine. Union Republican.
The rice crop of Mr. Shade
Wooten, one of the "crack" farmers
of Lenoir county, which he has just
housed, is the topic of conversation
in the La Grange section. His crop
yielded sixteen hundred bushels, and
the grain is said to be unusually
fine. Goldsboro Argus.
No scheme or enterprise has
ever succeeded in Salisbury like the
Building and Loan association. A sav
ings bank is now on foot. Bar-rooms
are closing and the recently adopted
plan of saving the pennies at the end
of the week is working to the good
of the entire community. Salisbury
Watchman.
Mr. J. E. Ried, auctioneer at the
Fayetteville Warehouse, took a trip
to Mr. John Kirkpatriek's farm on
Tuesday, and reports a splendid
crop and fine tobacco land. Mr.
Ried brought average samples of a
large proportion of the crop which
he said would bring $50 a hundred.
Fayetteville Observer.
The Charlotte Observer furnishes
the latest snake stories, one of a little
snake being captured and swung up
in a web by a spider, the bther of a
five foot, eight inch bull snake, eleven
inches in circumference, killed by a
squirrel hunter. Wade Harris don't
publish snake stories unless accom
panied by properly attested affi da
davits. Tho Rowan clover seed has
been on sale in Statesville this sea
son. It is pronounced cleaner and
better than the Kentucky seeds and
sells for less money. Yet at $5.00
per bushel, here are $5,000 made by
the Rowan farmers on even 1,000
bushels of their seed and the money
is kept in North Carolina. States
ville Landmark.
The frost of last Sunday night a
week ago was more damaging than
we had chronicled in our last issue
While tobacco escaped unhurt o
land favorably situated for resistin
the formation of frost, it was in
other places utterly ruined. Somje
farmers lost their entire crop, othets
have left part of their crop uncu
D anbury Reporter.
W. Duke, Sons & Co., can justl
claim to be tho largest manutactu
ers of cigarettes in the world. The
are now making between one and a
half and two millions cigarettes
daily and are more than ten millions
behind in their orders. There is
an immense amount of tobacco in
the hands of the speculators which
will soon change hands for there is
considerable activity in the markets
throughout the countiy. The frost
and the extremely short crop will
cause prices for the new crop to
advance. Durham Recorder.
A number of the people in the
country are raising rice this year
and we understand they are highly
pleased with the yield. Mr. H. M.
Johnson, of Rome, has a fine crop.
Mr. E. W. Pou planted three acres
and the yield was 140 bushels. At
75 cents per bushel, this beats cotton.-
-The bottom seems to have
dropped out of the cotton market.
What poor farmers will do with low
prices and a short crop seems hard
to understand. People will some
day be forced to ;stop raising so
much cotton. Let the supply bo
cut off and the price will rise.
Smithfield Herald.
1886.
The excursion to Washington
netted the Baptist church at this
place about $900. Greensboro Pa
triot. Joseph Yokel y, of Davidson
county, sheared 49 pounds of wool
from 14 sheep. Considering tho
small cost of wintering sheep this
shows that farmers could make good
profit by keeping sheep of improved
grade. Mr. Yokely has four of
Marino stock, that yielded fifteen
pounds of wool alone. One farmer
always selects his seed corn in the
field. He saves nothing but nice
firm ears, and he will not save an
ear from a large stalk, it matters
not how nice the corn is. By pay
ing attention to this method a num
ber of years he has corn wihch will
not grow large stalks but good ears.
Salem Press.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE.
Holstein cattle are gradually re
replacing the Jerseys. They have
been known for 500 years in Hol
stein. Immense quantities of butter
and cheese are made there for the
London market, and breeding was
carried on there long before it was
begun in Great Britain. The testi
mony of many eminent men is in
favor of the Holstein breed. The
cheese makers of Holland have cows
giving twenty-eight .wine quarts a
day. The fattening quality of the
Holsteins is remarkable. There is
on a farm near Gwynedd, Pa., a cow
five years of age, weighing 4600
pounds. There are four others,
weighing 1140, 1175, 1145 and 950
respectively. As milk producers the
Holsteins are unequalled. Echo has
a record of 18,120 pounds of milk in
365 days, and Constance S. gave
eighty pounds of milk in one day,
a feat which has neverbeen equalled.
As butter-makers the Holsteins rank
high. Mercedes won the challenge
cup by scoring ninety-nine pounds
and 9J ounces in thirty days; Aggie
2d made twenty-seven pounds and
seven ounces in seven days; Lady
de Rees, 121 pounds and twelve
ounces in thirty days, an average of
over four pounds per "day. The
Holstein oxen are large, strong and
docile, but I prefer the shorthorns.
American Cultivator
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE.
The demand for a bureau of Agri-
ulture in one of the departments of
the general Government was long
urged by public V opinion, before the
first step had beeta tairen toward its
gratification. Commerce and manu
factures had y(h Vreat propriety
been chcrishedT as objects entitled to
its fostering care; But that upon
which the prosperity of all other,
pursuits depends had found little or
no direct support in legislation. In
1839, however, an appropriation of
$1,000 was made, at the suggestion
of Mr. Ellsworth, the then commis
sioner of patents, for the purpose of
collecting agricultural statistics, etc.
In 1842, three years later, another
thousand was appropriated; in l4d,
2000 was appropriated; in 1844, a
lfkfi sum: 1845. &3000: in 1847. a
likfesum; in 1848, $3500; in 1849,
tho tome; in 1850, $4500; in 1851,
$5500; and the same in 1852; and in
1853, $5000. By thistime the ben
efits of these appropriations began
to be partially - comprehended, and
the conviction took strong hold
upon the public mind that a branch
of industry which had in 1850 been
officially ascertained to yield pro
ducts valued at nearly one and' a
third billions of dollars ($1,326,691,'
326, the products of mining, manu
facturers and the mechanic arts
being considerably less,) was worthy
the expenditure of a few thousands;
and accordingly, we find that in
each of the years 1854, and in 1855
an appropriation of $25,000 was made
together with $10,QQ0 to .supply a
deficiency in 1853. Since then the
appropriations have gradually in
creased to half a million dollars; a
year. Ben Purley Poor e, in American
Cultivator.
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No. 37.
SOUTHERN PROGRESS.
The Baltimore Manufacturer's Rec
ord gives the following suggestive
synopsis of the progress in Southern
industries for the past nine months:
"Among the principal iron and
steel enterprises now under way are
five new furnaces of Basic steel
works and 14,000 coke ovens by the
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad
Company, who already have five
furnaces in operation. This com
pany has a capital of $10,000,000,
and when the new furnaces are com
pleted will have a daily capacity of
about one thousand four hundred
tons of pig iron ; two furnaces now
building at the De Bardelobar coal
and iron company; one by Mr. Sam
uel Thomas and associates, of Penn
sylvania; two under contract at
Sheffield Ala.; two by Nashevillo
and New York capitalists at South
Pittsburg, Tenn.; one by the Coal
burg coal and coke com puny, of Bir
mingham; one at Ashland, Ky. ; one
at iEtna, Tenn.; one at Calera, Ala.;
an $800,000 iron company at Flor
ence, Ala.; Bessemer steel works at
Chattenooga, Tenn., and Richmond,
Va.; two stove works, each with a
capital of $200,000, at Birmingham;
two iron pipe works, one to be the
largest in the United States, at Chat
tanooga, Tenn., and a similar) enter
prise at Wheeling, Ala. A $600,000
company has been organized to
build an iron manufacturing town at
Bessemer, Ala.; a $3,000,000 com
pany, composed of Northern and
Southern capitalists, has purchased
a large part of South Pittsburg,
where two furnaces are in operation
and where three more are to be
built and also iron pipe works and
other manufacturing enterprises
while two other iron centres are to
be developed near Birmingham, one
by the North Birmingham Land
Company and the other by tho Ten
nessee Coal, Iron and Railroad com
pany. During the last nine months
there have been organized in the
South forty-two ice factories, fifty
six founderies and Machine shops
(many of them large) one Besse
mer steel rail mill, sixteen miscel
laneous iron works, including iron
pipe works, bridge and bolt works,
&c, five stove foundries, nineteen
gas works, twenty-three electric
light companies, eight agricultural
implement factories, one hundred
and fourteen mining and quarrying
enterprises, twelve carriages and
wagon factories, nine cotton mills,
nineteen furniture factories, twelve
water works, forty-four tobacco fac
tories, seventy-one flour mills, three
hundred and sixty-two lumber
mills (not counting the small porta
ble saw mills) including saw and
planing mills, sash and door facto
ries, stave, handle, shingle, hub . and
spoke and shuttle block factories, &c.
In addition to which there was a
number of miscellaneous enterprises.
During the first nine months of
'86 the amount of capital, including
capital stock of incorporated compa
nies represented by new manufact
uring and mining enterprises organ
ized or chartered at the South and
in the enlargement of old plants and
in rebuilding of mills that were
destroyed by fire, aggregated about
$48,834,200 against $52,386,300 for
corresponding period of '85.
QUITE PARADOXICAL.
The New York World pertinently
remarks : " What a paradoxical par
ody upon republican government it
is when citizens are so busy in mak
ing money that they will not take
the trouble to protect themselves
from being robbed, swindled and
misgoverned by a set of pot-house
politicians."
There is more complaint of. tho
shortcomings of officials in New
York than in any other city in this
country, and yet the fact is that
there are over 30,000 citizens, voters,
business men and property owners,
who never go to the polls to vote,
but they complain when thieves get
in office from which their votes
might keep them.
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