i L. Li POLK, ; - - - Editor.
P. F. DUFFY, - - Associate Editor.
; SUBSCRIPTION:
i ... post-paid: -.-'
Special and Liberal Bate to Ulubs.
! . . Invariably in Advance. .
Subscribers will be notified two weeks before
, their , timei expires," and if they do not renew, the
paper will stopped promptly
, Active agents wanted ii every, county, . cits, town
and Village in the State. Write for term.
''.Money at our riskif , kentf iby. regjsterjijd: Jette or
money' order.
Adyertiainr Rates quoted on applptto ! . .
On ail business matters relating to the paper, ,
Address -- - K . ' -, ..v; - '" 1
A '. JOHJ E. RAY, RaleiKh,.. C...
, ? ; . ' 2b Cormpxmdenii : . - . , , . P
Write all conimttnication, desimed for publica
tion, 6n One side of the paper dnlyi-v .!
We want intelligent, correpondenta n evfiry
county in the State. We want fadti bt Value, re-
salts accomplished of value, experiences of value,
nlainlv and briefly told. One solid, demonstrated
j fact, is worth a.thousand theories. x
. : TIK PJBQSBEB8IYB FARMER, Raleigh, K. X?.'-
RALEIGH, N.,a, APRJ Zb 1887.
t JAw paper entered as second-claw matter at the Post
Office in Raleigh, If. C
.I,,, 1 .ii 1. 1 1 n --
".".'err' 1 s . ;
: ENDORSED BY.THE CONYEK-
; ; TiON.
"The following Tesolutiori' was :psissed by
the Farmers' Mass Conventiorriri'Raleigh,
5 January -26th, 1887: : w v:; :"!
" EeolvedT That Thb Progress1 trz Fabmxr, pub
' llshed byjlL. Polk, Winston, K. be declared
! the Official Organ of the North Carolina' Farmers
Association, and that its Editor, L. I. Polk, be ad
mitted to the privileges of the floor as an honorary
member of this Convention. -. 01
We ask every Graqge .pnd. farm
ers' Club in the State to. send us at once,
the number of members in ; the "organiza
tion, together with the name and post
office address of each officer' '
THE CROSS MARK.
The cross mark on your paper indicates
; that the time for which. ' you jsiibseribed
has or is about to expire. ' It is to give
notice so your subscription may be re
newed. If the subscriptidttf be -nbt re
newed, the name will be -dropped from,
the list, but we want every one. tQ renew
. and bring a friend along top.
AN IMMENSE TERRITORY.
The United States bought Alaska
from Russia in 1867, padngforit $7,
500,000, It was thought : at the time
by the people generaDythat5. Russia
had decidedly the advantdge in the
bargain, but as the country .is settled
and opened up to trade it proves to
have been a splendid lnyestnient. It
is not that cold, perpetually J roz
region it was popularly believed to
j A
and along the coast in the" 4 winte the
climate is not colder than that pi the
Middle Atlantic States,' while tne pro:
ductivenes of the soil will Compare
favorably with' that of the Atlantic
Seaboard. .v. There are paying najines of
copper and gold and inexhaustible beds
of coal and iron. From the extreme
east to the extreme wet is' sis great a
distance as from Washington, to San
Francisco, forming a territory ' larger
than all tho States east of the Missis
sippi River combined, drained by rivers
some of which are larger than the
Mississippi. ' With the enterprise and
progressiyespirit of these days it will
not be many, . years before tbiis vast
territory .Jvill be utilized. .. . y ;.
HOW DO YOU KNOW?
What proportion of farmers can ap
proximate the cost of the products of
their "farms? What did ' jjo corni,
cotton, tobacco-oats, wheat, r, hay,
pototoes, &c, cost per poufl.4vvor- per
.bushel? Which: fie.on the farm
yielded the best profit ? What crop ?
These are?'- most ' important ' questions
and every farmer should, fce , able to
answer each for himself. j
It can ibe done easily. Keep a slate n
hanging at some con venietot .-place,' and
at night after the day's work 'is over,
take down the transactionf -'the day.
give your json or daughter -a nice blank
book should cost but littlei-,nd let
them - keep' it as the-ik?meT'fei;aibbunt
book. 'Pake twb 'paH11' e'bt6 and
credit, for each sepa'a'lRelorrpp.
Name 4r'Jnuber:hV'&eici.'v86 ! .'they;'
i-rrom Jf&v&
charge tne field witehs.work,
ditching and: all rnimer oioworl? stat
ing the price per day. j0i it with
the manure, with the seed and every-thiffg-done
to- 3fnake: the crop: - When
the crop iaJharresfed charge it to the
cost of harvesting, charge it with a
fair rental per acre. Now when tne
crop is harvetpdr enter on .the credit
page the amount in pounds or bushels,,
and! itsMti6?A f - - : Mi 1
''"Th "farm account kept even1 in this
Very simplymanher wquW , ol in
calculable help to, the average ajneF.
He would be able t-o. rafrito ife each
successive year aiid' note h&' Cause'of
ilure or of success wfth certaih fields
or certain crops. , At a cost of forty
cents any farmer may provide to keep
a-record of ,wjiat?he is doin and not
feast Among the many advantages- and
behents" liie .would u'erlVe - from some
sch. s'stgm,'i( would "Ine interest j$
would implant jinthe cild'spnind who
keeps-the account and the if great help
.ifdMd be toHt iiiacuin3ate
for and knowledge of biheeUhoW
and systimy Try it oneear jand vou
will not aandonit,(r -r .i:fel.
WILL WE BE FORCES TOvDI
y VERSIFY?
A readjustment of international
trade seems inevitable under the
changes now going on in the produc
tion of the staple crops of the world.
The fertile fields, of . Texas snd Louis
iana are brought into competition with
India and Egypt, in the markets of
Great Britain and 1 Europe. The en
larged production' of cotton in those
countries, under the stimulus of gov
ernmental protection and encourage
ment, and at a minimum cost of labor,
threatens to force the producer in the
South to find new markets. The
rapidly increasing acreage devoted to
wheat in India and Russia, and the
steady growth in the cattle trade in
South America, all tend to curtail the
consumption of and demand for
American products in foreign markets.
Meantime, it is a question in indus
trial economy which the people of our
State should ponder most seriously,
whether we can afford with the meagre
average- yield per acre "of cotton to
contend t against , those States further
outh, which are so much better
adapted to its production.
Will not a condition of things arise
in the near future from the sharp and
active competition between the most
productive sections of ouf country
and these new -rivals which will force
us to abandon the effort to make
money on cotton and . turn our atten
tion to diversified industries? It is no
disparagement to say that our State is
not adapted peculiarly, to the growth
of any one crop; but it is her glory,
rather, that she produces all the staple
croj)s in fair abundance. - The sooner
we "come to recognize the admirable
adaptability of 6uf State' to a general
system of diversifieid farming and in:
dustry, the sboner.kwe will begin that
steady growth and substantial progress
which we all so much desire. :
. .
COMMENDABLE.
- Elsewhere we publish 'the proceed
ings of Mi Pleasant (jrangejaljarrus
county, an. we desire? tocomnd, to
thea?meVs of;kte State-,.jthe; .aetip , i of
this patriotic bodj'o farmepsfi They
areMigers f onl prihcipIeT;5 'For the
long yeari, while Grange after Grange
bpntinuedto faJjrainlAoyei; five, lijin:
drednre . jfttricken frjDim ;the State
Grange rolt; they stood bravely by
their colors, with a "coriitahcy ' aid
fidelity that challenges our admiration.
$hey believe thaj the QrAngers is the
best form of organization, and ibeliev
ing it, they have TStood faithfully5 by it;
but with that Wteriuiy'irctil
cated by the teacnings.oi their, oro!er,
they extend the kindly .proffer .of their
aid and J cooperation to all farmer's
organizations of whatever name. This
is the proper spirit.'- And we believe
that it is the'pirit whicn .actuates the
great; hody, of rfarmers throughout ithe
countryi Land which willf in the 'near
-f uturi bind thenx together ih! one 1 Com
inon brotherhood.1 r" pr:; -
r
I T
AND
RAILROADS.
country towards the ratfroaois is truly
and. well, defined in.. the . following,
which is :founci :icPecJaiajtion of
Principks4' off, JSteTSatrong pfr. JIus
bandry. The? ubiects Jnow more
prominently' before ; the , public than
ever'before i-.i':-u.t
; We Ivjae' no aggressive1 arfare5
against iiiy 1 otheK inteitests! what
ever. Ori v the contrary "'all our
acts and-all-our lefferts,- so-far as
business, is concerned are not only fott
the benefit of the oroducer and con:
sumer, .pat also for,, another interests A
thatjteno: to bring these , two partie
into speedy and economical contacl
ience we noia tnai irautspurawu
companies of every kind are necessai
10 our success. Bnac meir iuteicta a
, intimately connected with our irit
:ests. ani harmbnibus actionals vn
ituallyj advantageous keepioig inviejw
the first sentence of ourv declaration
!?of Principles of Action, that In4ivid-
lial'' happihess depends upon 'general
:pr6sfrW.---Us We a1' ndt
pros
enemies'' of
railidads'1!i ' hft
any corporation dikthirill advance: out :
industrial' -mterGst&.a ,t.,t ; VVe ar
FARMERS
1UUU81T Vr.W'-an advertisement you- failed to men
nnnnsAii t.n snrh spirit ana manaffeA J ...
any coition, or enterpriseH
. tnrft JZ, tho. neonlft. and t
;o
ny
as tenas to . oppress iae yeopie, auu
rob them of, their just profits. We
are not enemies oi capital, but we
oppose the tyrrahny of monopolies.
We desire 'proper equality,
equity and fairness; protection for the
weak ; restraint ujpott 1 the strong ; in
short, justly distributed burdens and
justly distributed - power. These are
American ideas, the very essence of
American independence, and to ad
vocate the contrary isoinworthy of the
sons and daughters , of . an American
Republic." - .. s ..
THE WAY THEY LOOK AT IT IN
' JONES,
A Jones county ' correspondent of
the New Berne Jdurnal puts it in this
way: .,r ..
. . "Why is it that jpme. farmers are
so surprised at their failures in farm
ing, when some oi them consider that
on a one-horse farni a fine: Cincinnati
buggy is an indispensable necessity ?
When I see a' farmer loaded down
with heavy mortgages for commercial
fertilizers, and 'aJine; top-buggy .to ride
in on Sundays -.-witih a. fifle beaver hat
on his. head (purchased on time), I just
set that chap down as one, who has Y . .
wasted'$5 On a beaver to "coyer five KAKING THE HOMjE BEAUTIFUL,
cent's worth of brains. Such a chapl K
is always a failure-r don't need a phre
nolbgist to acquaint us of the fact, ei
ther. Yet he is sure to complain of
bad luck and bad crops.
MAINTAINING THE FLOW.
Mr. O. S. BHsv the well-known
Vermont dairyman,- in article to the
New York Tribuue on holding , the
flow of milk and the time when the
incoming cow. will go dry, ' says:
"Therp is in all animals, however" well
bred, a constant tendency to , atavism
or reversion to . an earlier and more
natural condition., ; Long milking is
essentially a habit of domestication
which has resulted from persistent
breeding to that end. In some breeds
the habit may be said to have become
quite fixed) and the tendency to rever
sion to the habit of going dry early
but rarely appears, but by far the
greater number "of young cows of all
breeds exhibit the tendency in a more
or less. markedi ;degree, and unless
guarded against ;hy.i;continuQu effort
tp keep ,upi: the jlow, the . early drying
habit becomes fixed for life. Of course
the evi3ecec bearing : dirWctl 'upon
this question largely negative, and to
be .3CQQeivedwth a grainibf aliowace.
Many farmers asserj with. the.Utniost
positiveness that a young cow once
permitted to go dry two or three' or
fott? or even six months before calvfri
will always do so, and detail individual
experiences in proof of it. ,1 tt re
cent meeting of dairymen this subject
was discussed at much length and
without any'dissentf supported hy ex
periehce: ' ' ' w
: : But this evidence is all 'of the nega
tive jsorty .though; in ;the ,absencja of any
other kjiown .causait may fee. accepted
as , geheralTy sound. Formerly the
opinion It&s widely prevalent that it
was good eCbti'6my io :let 'Cows go dry
from threeto four months, -nd not all
farmers have ,.)?een .educated . to at
tempt to feM and milk 5?ith, reference
to keeping up the flow as tongas prac
ticable. Thejrultist&it great num
bers of - short milkrtf me "upon the
markets and pebpla-.whQ depend upon
pihasmg.CAwse
rj - m .
or femilv use -j not infrequently suffer
great disappointment when a cowwith
all thexternai,ajppearances o,a good
and persistent milker' dries; off long
befdrRhe mc'oiiinipri5;.cutf&
the miltlsupfly two or three nibnths
earlier than is provided for.; The only:
means of positive guarding' against
thist inconvenieiice- or .evil, as. the case
may tbe, is for each individual to raise,
his ownjjows.and tmn thenxAipin the,
way, hepuld hayV them gowhich is
not adT4i9it or exiisivQ a matter
as is generally supposea.
rt..
EX AS FARMERS 1 IN
EARNEST.
.it!
he following -letter to the Times-
Democrat . from . the Secretary of the
Nationalj armers's , Alliance and . Co-
Operative Union explains itself;
National Farmers Alliance and )
Reiterative tfnim 6f iAmerica;1" V
: UL?VA'corfexf.,-rVj1ir887r---)-
TbHKe Editor Qf thd; TZrtti&DeWfotirat: v
-I-see in theiDallassiVretf thf21st,
: copied iromi your - paper;ani editQiJialt
, stating thatthererwas 'a new. pctJceSs
I for manufacturing cott.onrseed 'Oiln.
that the company propose ouiiamg
itheffiillsan iumg Vo'th- farmers
I one-half of' Ihe ock for 'tfittbn seed.
I As the-domparfrWd nofpay'you .for
you
please publish this letter?. There will
pbe a cotton congress in the City of
Waco, Texas, May 4; 1887, composed
ol aelegates irom izu counties in
Texas, " of Alliance -members, the
State Grange and -State Wheel and
Louisiana -State Union; - m
Now, if a representative of that
manufacturing company would come
here with proper credentials he . can
get seven-tenths of-v the cotton seed in
Texas, ."Western Louisiana and South
western Arkansas. .The organizers
under the National Alliance are re
ceiving a flattering welcome in other
States, and are reporting phenomenal
success.
We expect Our national meeting at
Shreveport in October to represent
1,000,000 farmers and laborers.
. Respectfully E. B. Warren,
Secretary National farmer's Alliance
and Co-Operative Union.
The Alliance Standard.
, The Dayy of Waco, Texas, says that
measures will be adopted by this Con
gress of Cotton Planters to establish
three, or more cotton factories at
practicable points in the State. It is
said' that $2;000,00ff 6f stock will be
subscribed by the order to be invested
in manufactories of different kinds. .
M If there is any form of extravagance
that is pardonable it is that which
manifests itself i n the beautify ing of
the home Money spent" in making' the
home attractive, in adding' to its com
forts, and even to its luxuries, is money
spent wisely. -Such outlay does not par
take of Hhev selfishness of mere per
sonal adornment, nor the gratification
of desires and wishes - that have no
higher aim than one's own happiness,
for the home is . not, for the individual,
but for the family. Whatever makes
the home dearer arid ' sweeter, and
more to be loved arid'longed for"ttiari
any other place 011 earth, must elevate
its character, and bring it nearer its
heavenly ideal the - eternal home
above. , ,, . ......
. And among the surroundings of the
ideal home we cannot forego the love
of the beautiful. In the sublime
Visions of the seer of Patmos we read
of a City whose walls are of all man
ner Of precious' stones,- its' gates of
pe'ari and; ife' streets of pure gold,
with' a Jrivfer f clea I as crystal inning
throirgh' ity 'and its inhabitantsi wearing
white.' robes and crowns upon & their
pleads. ; -The hoinej thatfrod. prvies
us al)pyis beautiful,; and ; hf -has
given us $, beautiful world, to. Hive iii
' ; good j6irtit-ER"VikLDs;
; '"At a latevmeetihg in Gloucestershire, '
England CKahiber of 'riculture, the
PresidetftCbf. Curtis Hay ward; made ,
a statement; of , 'which we give the
gist:
During twelve months he obtained
12,584 poiinds of Gutter from an aver,
a 6f;or-seven cows kept during
the '' Mar. ''During eighteen weeks,
frOm'Octdbfer to February, the number
of pounds:- of 'milk usedr to produce
one pound of butter averaged only
nineteen and a; half,, or less - than six
teen .pintsy A .: cream- separator .was
used,- but;the result is still remarkable.
as tne usual porportion, is nearer to
threergallons than two of milk to the
x ux uuLter, even m. wmter. wnen
' . j; v. -1
milk is richer; ,thari in" summer. V TOe
ratio was eleven rxmnda' 6t biittei' to
"just over eighteen pounds" of
The cows in : use for this experiment
were thirty-one hort-horns and eleven
of Channels Bkft'dtt breeds, chiefly
Jerseys. : - -Each hadtwerity-five pounds
of. iChyhaK hay-and. .half straw
slightly steamed four-pounds of
;ed meal, composed of barlev.
; and beans; :rid two pounds of decor
;tidatedi!cmton' 6akfe., No roots'
i given, fee Shprhorns- were turned'
: on to pastures ior a iew nours every
wiiui4jii-'".y "! v over
the outside of a stack of silage.-
.... , RDUCE?,THE ACREAGE: '
,.he 3ar,, used to urge upon the
cotton planters to cut down the acrq-ager-
-It was accustomed to say that
if ; for. three or five years they would
reduce their acreage one-third that
cotton would advance to'! 5 cents or
more according r to the number of
years this course was pursued, until
it had ' ' reached' ' the maximum price.
We otfcef that the Louisville;1 Courier
jburn'atndi(2m( 'StdYe'&te urging
that the. .tobacco growers shall: yeduce
their production 40' per cent. "Tjhe
is now a great surplus on hand in this
country and ; in Europe. ' Our Louis
ville contemporary says that 40 per
cent. : would " be about 80,000,000
pounds. It says: ' .
'There is, therefore, nothing to . re
quire a long siege of years to rectify
the blunders of previous overproduc
tion; but one year of wisdom and dis
cretion will do it all. It will be, of
course, necessary .. to avoid overpro
duction thereafter, as that mistake in
any. year would create anew the
ruinous- condition ' under which the
market has been' latterly suffering.
The markets are like a man in this
too much feeding, however wholesome
the food, will produce indigestion."
But will the tobacco growers be
wiser than the cotton planters? The
latter have kept up as far as bad sea
sons would allow 'their production of
the great staple. The result has been
immense loss in the diminution of re
ceipts. The prices have ruled low
arid thousands of planters are in finan
cial distress with farms all plastered
over with' mortgages. High interest
for supplies has reduced a vast army
to a condition of servitude or of great
embarrassment. ' We have no idea
that the tobacco men will be wises. In
some sections not really, well-adapted
to the growing of that crop it will be
partiallv or entirelv abandoned, but
the great producing sections will grow
all they can, we have no doubt, and
take the chances as to prices. Of
course this is not prudent or wise. If
there were not more than 3,500,000
bales of cotton produced in the South
for the next ten years, the price of the
Southern staple would never fall be
low twelve and a half cents, and we
believe it would average 14 or 15
cents! Tobacco would of course rule
higher with less production. '-Star.
GET THEM OUT EARLY.
Upon the question of profit in fowls
it is correctly held by Poultry Magvet
a& highly important that chicks of the
large "breeds be hatched early in the
season. If you have a good place to
rear them the earlier you can have
them out of the shell the better birds
you are liable to have in the fall.
Light and Dark. Brahmas, Buff, Black,
Partridge and White Cochins and
Langshans especially will do much
better and bring far more satisfactory
results for time and labor expended,
if you will have them started early
very early in the spring.- Tf1 they
are hatched late, the result will beyery
evident from" a glanc at your flpflk in
autumn. ;. You whT have scrub's r and
runts' arid sickly bircTs'in great plenty.
But if they have an early ' start'1 you
will observe that y.our flocks will con
tain large? i vigorous and hardy young
fowls, which -.will bring nyou a worthy
recompense for your toil and dollars
invested ! Don' procrastinate ! Pro
citiriation is1 'not' only. the "thief, of
time," but it plays sad havoc in the
"hVm 4 business." ' Provide ' warm and
comfortable quarters for your chicks,
and when, in, ;early springs some of the
"old reliables" begin to appear broody
furnish them with :a jeluteh of-eggs,
and when the chicks appear give them
proper care, and, above all, supply
theni with plafo;grbw and feed in
that VilF not' inak6 you -ashamed of
yourself every'' time you look at it.
This is solid, sledgehammer gospel,
every word; f it, ..and we trust . some
of our. read .maj take the hint and
act accordingly ,
r r.
1. a . 1
I.ty:?.chadreixare at te Orphan
age, at rnomasville, and twenty-iour
more are expectea to arrive snoniy.
f ! t
.
'L-L;' :; -;' ,.' '. . . - i . .. :. . I , . ; L. .1..; ', .. ' - . 1 - - .