THE PROGRESSIVE FAEMER, OCTOBER 13, 188
Editor.
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Address all communications to
The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh, N. C.
RALEIGH, N. C, OCT. 13, 1887.
This paper entered as second-class matter at the Post
Offlce in fisleigh, N. C
The Progressive Farmer is the
Official Organ of the N. C. Farmers'
Association and N. C. State Farmers'
Alliance.
PLEASE NOTICE.
In writing to this office to change the
address of a paper, our subscribers will do
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THE BOYCOT AGAIN.
A O
One Way to Settle It.
The business men of Raleigh con
ceived thatthey were treated unjustly
in the matter of discriminating rates
in- freights on the Seaboard Line.
They held a meeting and protested.
They got no relief. They changed
their freight businessto the R. k. D.
R. R. The General Traffic Manager,
Mr. Sol Haas, was consulted. " He
plainly intimates that no concession
whatever will be made." So says the
Neivs and Observer. It further says :
" The officials of the Seaboard con
nections have ever been uniformly
liberal in their terms to Raleigh, and
from conversations by a reporter with
Maj. "Winter, of the R. & G. Road, it
is plain that he is in favor of giving
car load rates to the business men,
and if it were optional with him, he
would do so at once. The past course
of President Robinson, of the Sea
board Road, is also evidence that he
would cordially agree to the same ;
but for mutual protection the rail
roads of Virginia and the Carolinas
have associated . themselves under a
code of equalizing rules by which each
line practically abdicates its right to
make its own freight rates."
" Abdicates its right to make its
own freight rates." To whom ? Why
to Mr. Sol Haas one man ! And his
dictum is supreme law ! Here is the
situation in North Carolina : We
have a railroad system running
through our State, properly officered.
Its President, the Observer says, is dis
posed to correct the grievance ; the
Superintendent jMaj Winder, a North
Carolina .officer, located in Raleigh,
presumably tdjlook after the interests
of our people, and whom the Observer
says is plainly in favor of giving car
load rates to the business men if it
were optional with him he would do
so at once." Who then are President
Robinson and Superintendent Winder?
What arc their official functions ?
"What are their prerogatives ? Are
they " figure ; heads- ?r' A large num
ber of the business men of the State,
together with large numbers of the
liberty-loving farmers of the State
led by the combined business men of
"Wilmington, came to Raleigh last
winter to secure the establishment of
a Railroad Commission. They were
L. L. PdLK, ? - -
Raleigh, N. C.
defeated. Who did it? Let the
records answer, and they will answer
in due time. All the great and im
portant business interests of the people
of the State aresur rendered to the
mercy of one manTaccording to the
Observer, and that too, against the will
of officers to whom we should look for
relief, but who are powerless.
The Progressive Farmer has no
prejudice against railroads ; it recog
nizes their great value to the people
and to the commerce of the world,
but when they reach the point when
they are to be run according to the
will of one man, and he a non resi
dent, against the interests of our peo
ple, and in utter disregard of the
views of its own officers located in our
midst, it is high time for the political,
religious and agricultural papers of
the State to speak out, and openly and
boldly declare in favor of a State Rail
road Commission. The Progressive
Farmer knows who pays the fiddler
in this dance. It knows that the
buyer and the consumer bears the
weight of all this system of discrimina
tion and plunder. It knows that the
farmers of North Carolina are stand
ing, or rather, staggering under these
accumulating wrongs, and it will be
heard in their defence. It is needless
to disguise the fact that in the elec
tions next year in this State, the ques
tion of having a Railroad Commission
for our State will be brought to the front.
It cannot longer be suppressed. The
people will demand it and that demand
will be in such shape that it will not
be ignored. Twenty-six States have
a Commission, and North Carolina
will be addefl to the list in 1880.
NORTH CAROLINA GOVERNORS.
North Carolina had six Governors
under the Crown. It had twenty
seven under the Constitution, begin
ning with Richard Caswell in 1776,
and who were elected by our General
Assembly. Of these, Caswell, Alex
der Martin and Benjamin Wrilliams
were elected for two terms. The
Convention of 1835 transferred the
election of Governor from the Legis
lature to the people, and since that
time we have had fifteen, who were
regularly elected by the popular vote,
and five who weie ex-officio Governors,
and one Provisional Governor, ap
pointed by the President. Governor
Vance is the only one of the forty-two,
regularly elected by the Assembly
and people, who was elected for three
terms. But one, Richard Dobbs
Spaight, sr., had a son to attain to this
distinguished position. Five of the
counties. Craven, Guilford, Halifax,
Warren and Buncombe, furnished
occupants of the Governor's chair,
each, three terms, and eight counties,
Lenoir, Chowan, New Hanover,
Moore, Mecklenburg, Orange, Wake
and Rockingham, for two terms each.
Now where is the boy or girl in our
State who can furnish us the names
of all these Governors the year in
which eacli was elected, an I the
counties of which each was a resident?
And yet there should be school his
tories in every house in the State giv
ing such information Wrho will
furnish this greatly needed work for
our schools ? North Carolina has
furnished to other States fifteen Gov
ernors, three Presidents, two Vice
rresidents, fourteen United States
Senators and forty-one members of
lower House of Congress. John K.
Steele, who became Governor of New
Hampshire in 1844, was born in Salis
bury in 1792, and it is said that he
was a shoo maker, and when he left
his native town, he started on foot,
carrying on his shoulder, a bag con
taining some cobblers' tools. Andrew
Johnson was born in the city of Ral
eigh and was raised on a tailor's bench.
He went to Tennessee, was subse
quently a member of the Legislature
of that State, a member of both houses
of Congress, Governor 1 of the State,
Vice-President ; of the United States,
and finally President. The birth-place
of Andrew Jackson is a matter of dis
pute, though the testimony collect
with very great care
and
atreat
trouble by Col. S. H. - Walfcup, cf
Union county, about the year 1859
and published in the National Intel
ligencer, satisfied us that he was born
in North Carolina. Who of our
friends in Mecklenburg will give us
the facts touching the birth place of
James K. Polk, and of its present
ownership, condition, &c.? XxhJ"
' Give us text-books that will learn
our children something of our people
and State.
WAKE
COUNTY HORTICULTU
RAL SOCIETY.
A. meeting of this Society was held
at the Yarboro House on the 5th inst.
This is the first regular business meet
ing held since the grape show and
the premiums awarded at that time
were ordered paid.
An election of officers was held for
the ensuing year. It resulted as fol
lows : Col. J. M. Heck, President ; B.
F. Montague, Vice-President ; W. R.
Wromble, Secretary ; Jesse A. Jones,
Treasurer ; Capt. B. P. Williamson,
Geeo. Shellum and W. H. Cole, Ex
ecutive Committee.
The Association contemplates mak
ing the grandest grape exhibit in 1888
that has ever been seen in this county.
It will be worth a trip across the Con
tinent to see it. We suggest to the
management that the State Alliance
will meet in this city on the 2d Tues
day in August next and the city will
be full of representative farmers from
all sections of our State. And the
Inter-States Farmers' Association will
also meet in this citv on the 3d Wed
nesday in next August, and we have
reason to expect large delegations
from Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and
all the Southern States. Indeed a
prominent Texan said to us a few
days ago : " Your city will have to
spread out to entertain that conven
tion, for they are coming by hundreds
from all over the South. Texas will
be here in full force." Let us have
an eye to these important meetings
and show them that North Carolina is
the Burgundy of America. "What
say you, gentlemen ?
FARMERS' INSTITUTE.
r-
)
The Fair this year promises to be a
grand success. Everything is being
done that can beVto interest and in
struct each and evary one who comes.
There will be a rand display at the
Fair grounds of the', finest varieties
of all kinds of grain and fruits.
The Institute will be held especially
for the benefit of the farmers, and
every one who comes to the Fair
should not fail to hear what some
of the most experienced farmers
have to say on some very important
subjects. The following topics and
speakers have been selected for the
Farmers' Institute, commencing on
Wednesday of Fair week :
1st, "Tenant System," Prof. J. D.
Hodges ; 2d, " Diversified Crops,"
Col. Elias Carr; 3d, ''Trucking in
North Carolina," George Allen ; 4th,
"The Silo and Ensilage," Dr. R. H.
Lewis ; 5th, The Profits of the Cow,"
Dr. D. W. C. Benbow: 6th, ''Manu
facturing and Small Industries,"
Henry E. Fries ; 7th, Grass and
Clover," Dr. Jas Bird ; 8th, " The
Bright Tobacco of North Carolina,"
Col. W. H. S. Burgwyn ; 9th, The
Grape, its Care and Profits," S. Otho
Wilson; 10th, -Home-Made Ma
nures," Dr. H. B. Battle; 11th, "The
Possibilities of an Acre," Milton
Whitney; 12th, The Farmer Should
be Educated," Hon. Kemp P. Battle ;
13th, " Immigration," Natt. Atkinson;
14th, "Should Farmers Organize," S.
B. Alexander; 15th, " Wheat Rais
ins:," John Dorsett ; 16th, " The Horse
we Need," W. P. Batchelor ; 17th,
"Our Agricultural College," W. S.
Primrose ; 18th, "Fruit Growing ; J.
Van Lindley ; 19th, "Impediments to
Southern' Farming," T. B. Lindley ;
20th, "Plowing" Capt. D. M. Payne ;
21st, "Agricultural Fairs," Hon. T.
M. Holt ; 22d, Restoration of Run
Down- Lands, Col. C. M. McDonald.
THE FARMERS ORGAN.
; We are proud of the positien which
The Progressive Farmer holds in the
Confidence and esteem of the farmers
of North Carolina, and of the respect
it has won among all classes of our
people, and with its contemporaries of
the State press. It his not gained
this position by cringing Jpr flattering.
It has been bold in tftie expression of
its views. It has concealed nothing.
It has been independent of cliques, or
combinations. It has tried honestly
and faithfully to serve the interests
whose cause it espoused. Its purpose
and its devotion has known no vari
ance "or shadow of turning." It has
stood in the past (as it will in the
future) fearlessly and faithfully for
the best interests of those whom it
represents: Before it was yet a year
old, it was unanimously adopted as
the organ of The North Carolina
Farmers' Association, and too, by a
convention of nearly four hundred as
solid substantial, and patriotic men as
ever assembled in our State. And it
was unanimously adopted by the State
Alliance as its organ at its recent
meeting a body representing about
one hundred and twenty Alliances
and a membership of at least four
thousand. Its highest aim is to prove
itself worthy of these flattering mani
festations of confidence by devoting
its best effort to promote and protect
the interests of our people.
JUST IMAGINE!
Here is a specimen of the cotton re
ports that are sent out from the head
quarters of cotton gamblers in New
York every day, and by which the
speculators and gamblers all over the
country are kept posted :
greene's cotton report.
New York, Oct. 4. Greene & Co's
report on cotton futures says : " With
good demand for spots at the South
and moderate offerings of futures here
local shorts bought with considerable
freedom at hardening rates. Shorts
were somewhat stimulated to cover by
anticipation of a poor bureau report
due next Monday. Liverpool was
somewhat better on reduced and frac
tionally dearer offering from the
South. The close was firm in absence
of sellers while buyers wants also ap
peared gather satisfied.
Just imagine, a plain, unsophisti
cated farmer reading the above some
calm evening to his family ! "Spots"
" local shorts " "hardening rates "
"shorts stimulated to cover" "a
poor bureau report " " Liverpool
better on fractionally dearer offer
ings " " the close firm " " futures,"
&c, &c. It is all Dutch or Greek to
him, and he will never know its mean
ing until he finds its interpretation in
the market price of his cotton, and
that price, often, below the cost of its
production. But the farmers are be
ginning to open their eyes, and the
day is not distant when the thimder
ings of their united voice will be heard
in
our legislative
and Congressional
hall
against
thus huge gambling
scheme. They are going to stop it.
SHAME UPON US.
We
can grow
Liccessfully within
tne uoraers o
our highly favored
fttate, corn, w,fi
t, oats, barle'. rye,
buckwheat. .riceA cotton, henm flax.
V
jute, silk, tobacco, peanuts, sorghum
cane, broom corn, millet lucorne,
clover, orchard, timothy and herds
grass, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes,
hops, peas, melons, strawberries, cran
berries, apples, peaches, grapes, plums,
cherries, &c &c, and yet we find
people confining their labor and care
to the production of single crops to
the exclusion of all others. And
these crops frequently cost more to
produce them than the price for which
they are sold. And the worst feature
of this suicidal and ruinous policy is,
that the producer has no more control
over the price than a child. How
helpless i How poor ! How depend
ent and servile we must be so long as
this mad course is pursued. -
COMPELLED TO SELL? WHY?
A Mecklenburg correspondent of
the Charlotte Chronicle says :
"Many of our farmers express
themselves as not being satisfied to
sell at present prices, but as a general
rule the average farmer is compelled
to sell regardless of pricess."
Precisely so. They know the price
is too low; that at 8 1-2 cents per
pound the average farmer loses
money ; that he does not get the cost
of its production, yet "as a general
rule the average farmer is compelled
to sell regardless of prices." Well
there is one way to get relief from
this humiliating and servile condition
and only one, and that is for the
farmer to raise his own supplies ami
thus pave the way to rid himself of
the grinding mortgage, and then
organize and control the sale of his
cotton. They can do it and tliev
must do it.
FORMULAS FOR WHEAT COMPOST.
From a report of Dr. H. B. Battle,
in the last issue of the Bulletin, we clip
the following formulas of composts for
wheat :
3. For a compost, mix in layers,
dissolving the sulphate of ammonia
and muriate of potash in water, and
sprinkling it over each layer :
Acid phosphate, - 1.000 lbs.
Sulphate of ammonia - - 100
riate of potash - - 100 '
table manure - - - 800
2,000 11.
Use one-fourth or one-half of the
above on one acre.
Where cotton seed or tobacco stems
(ground), or dust are to be had, they
may take the place of a part, or the
whole, of the stable manure. Then
wet enough to thoroughly kill the
seed. This only takes more time.
4. The following is recommended :
Acid phosphate ... 000 lbs.
Muriate of potash - - 100 11
Sulphate of ammonia - - 100 "
Drv muck, or other rich earth GOO "
2,000 lbs.
For wheat and rye or oats, it may
be harrowed in with the grain at the
rate of 300 or 400 lbs. to the acre.
5.
Using cotton seed meal :
Acid phosphate
Cotton seed meal
Stable manure
Muriate of potash
000 lbs.
700 "
GOO "
100
2,000 lbs.
It is a hard matter to advise as to
the proper quantity of each compost to
be used to the acre. The farmer
knows his own capabilities and re
sources and should therefore be his
own judge ; he best knows how much
money he can afford to spend in ma
nures for application to the soil. The
formulas given are all in the rignt
proportion, and the general rule will
hold for each, as indeed, in all fertili
zation of land in this way :
The larger the quantity of cohiposts
applied to the acre, the greater mil be the
crop yield.
There are now labor bureaus in
twenty States. The first one was es
tablished in Massachusetts in ISOf.
Five have been established this year
year; in Colorado, Maine, Minnesota.
North Carolina and Rhode Island.
South West.
PROCLAMATION
To the Subordinate and County Alli
ances of North Corolina.
By virtue of authority verted in mc National
Organizer, by C. W. Macune. President
tional Alliance and Co-Operative Union of Ann-m"-I,
N. 11. C. Elliott, do hereby issue thi mj y
lamation, notifying the members and onm-n' ' ' t
Farmers' Alliance in North Carolina, thai th-. w
Alliance of North Carolina wan duly and lesrai K
ganized according to the requiiement ot wit ,
stitution of the National Alliasce. at the town
Rockingham, county of Richmond, on the lour
day of October, 1887. , ,jw-
This is therefore to notify the County an W
.... . l -j- V. l.n BUlil v
dmate Alliances of tne state tnai uv -
were fully conferred, and they are herobjw ni
at the said organization the fodowing named ojni
were duly elected for the term ending tlx f
Tuesdaav in Angnet. 18X8 : S. II. Alexayo a.
Mecklenburg, President; Thadeus Ivey. oi i
son, Vice-President ; L. L. Polk, of
tary ; J. D. Allen, of Wake. Treasurer
Wilcox, of Moore, Lecturer: D. D-JK ijV, of
Richmond, Asst. Lecturer; Rev. E. J. "f Cum
Cumberland, Chaplain : W. H. ToinlinsoD i c n L
berland. Door Keeper: R. T. In;h of
Asst. Door Keeper ; J. S. Holt, of llarnet .J J
at-Arms ; who will be obeyed and respected atto
inglv. , wit-
All forms, blanks, charters and outfits " '
after be issued by L. L. Polk, Secretar f thc
Alliance, whose office is at Raleign. . 1Aie
All commissions issued to organizars in in n0W.
by authority of the N. P. A. & C. L . of A. m
held by them, will expire by linuU tion on w
day of the present month (October) a" 7he an-
ViAMftpr mnft IX lrlitm uj
thority of the State Alliance of N. kj haal.
Done under my hand and seal atocK,n;'
C, this, the 5th day of October, v F.
By authority of C. W. Macune, President
organization all the powers', pmui:-- '',,ianC,.
lives properly belonging to the fflid Stale A j
.,, Q5.,,-. f th National Ainu-
fc G. W. of A. v.r,nn Organic-
N. II. C. Elliott, National ur0