Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 12, 1889, edition 1 / Page 1
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0 fx.,... - V j ' ( : ; - 5 f s jj. L. i , i P -. f ' i i - v. 1 , ; 1. I ' f .. ' y '. v. "-.X"' ins' industrial hid educatioial i:;iL::j73 c? c:::. . aiiliou:;? .to all. otoes. cc::3i:znATio::3 of state fglicy. n .. ; V. 3RUAR1' 12, 1889. No. 1 x .' It A, V -X. " 'X. I s I I i i GA1IIZATI0NS t:i ca; A F IT.KEIIS STATE ALUAKCS. I. Alexander, Charlotte, C. 7ico-Prc;:den ::dent T. Ive j,-Ashpo!o. N.C.- L. L. Pol!:, Raleigh, IT. a 7 r- . D. Allen. F&IIa i. U. .. I :i:r r Dr. D. Held Parker, Trinity . . C. 1 -, -' ' " ' Ar ::t.-.r.t Lecturer D. D. f Mclntjre, C:r-!-:r3 Rer. Carr Moore, ToTrns- . ; i ' C. Dcr Ilccpcr AT. II. Tomlinson, Fay- i - ,:::t .Door Keeper R.: T. Ensh, Li. vy. C : r e nt-ci-Arms J. S. Holt,' Chalk LeveC".C. Cut3 Eu-iscsj Agent Yf. A. Darden. zrrcunvi: cc::::ittee of the nokth caho- IINA FA TIM EES STATE ALLIANCE.' ,. ,; J.I:. ? C.-.rr, Ol 1 Sparta,:.: C, Chair ::: 7h?.l:lci?. Ivey, Aslipole, K. C.J J. S. .JcI.::;ton, Rufin, N. C, - TE2 NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS' ASSOCIATION. President Elias Carr, Old Sparta Edgecombe county. ... B. F. , Hester, Oxford, Secretary ; S. Otho' Wilson, Vineyard, and;W. E. Ben bov", Oak Ridge, Assistant Secretaries.'' VIRGINIA STATE ALLIANCE. President GvT. Barbee, Bridge watar, Virrrinia. Vice-President T. B. Massey, TTasli-ir.-rton, Virginia. - , ' ; " - ; ' l' Secretary J. J." 'Silvey'-'BridgeiTater, Virginia. '- . ' - Treasurer Isaiah Printz, Luray, Vir ginia. . . : ' ' . - Lecturer G. II. Chrisman, Chrisman, irginia. . ; . Ar -t. .Lecturer J. ' S. Bradley, Luray, Virginia. ".' '; ' ' ' Chaplain Vfm. II. Rosier, Luray, Virginia. , Door Keeper B. Frank Beahm, Kirn 11, Virginia. '. A ? ; L Door Keeper Q. . E. Brubaker, Luray, .Virginia. ' ' ' '. x S erjT't-at-Arnis C. H. Lillard, .Wash mgtoTi, . Virginia; ' " "Statr' Business Agent S. P. A. Bru ; Jer. r f Luray, Virginia;. f '' '.'"'EXECUTIVE.' COMMITTEE. . . . . Brumback; J as. E. Compton and . . li; Chrisman. :r:b3ION OF THE WAKE CO. AL LIANCE INSTITUTE.. "JiJhe first session of the Wake finnntr Allianr.ft Institute was held in 1 jtho city of Raleigh on the 23d ult. President Powell called the Institute 'to order promptly at-the hour ap ! nointed. On callinsr the rolL twenty- k - . . i I four bub-Alliances were louna to De repreoented. The purposes of the In stitute were briefly but plainly stated by the President. He : said in sub stance : The organization of the In stitute is composed of a President, Vice-President, Secretary and one elegate from each Sub-Alliance in Ae county." All authority exercised 'by the Institute was given it by the County Alliance. It is simply an j auxiliary to aid the Alliance in carry j ing out its great mission' of reform. Its conclusions are not obligatory on any He; its intentions are to instruct, but i otto direct. Its sessions will be on UiCprder of our normal schools, whfere 1 tf'achers are taught how to teach; and he information derived by the delete in attendance upon the sessions 6f the Institute is ex pected to be by) him imparted to his Sub-Alliance for. practical tests. The mission of the institute will be to reach the firesid of tevery tiller of the soil in the counter and encourage him jto independence . and comfort. The sessions, when so determined, will be Jheld wih opei doors and all who I feel an intereit--in bettering the con ditinnof the favm.rn 'will be invited to meet with , (is. Subjects pertaining to the betterment of the condition of the farmer xsrill ba freely discussed at all its sessions.' 1 ; - "; ' Thy Institute then, proceeded with the cxder of business, which was a subject demanding more thought and consideration perhaps than any other now agitating our country, viz: "Why is the farrier not' remunerated for his hbor in tie cultivation of his crops?" . The discussions were marked by a hio-h ordt,of practical common-sense reasoning and were most instructive and entertaining; and were partici pated in by Col. L. L. Polk, A. C. Green, President of the County Alli ance; JAF. Taylor, J. A. Norris and others. ) - The j Tollowing resolution was jsenso of , this greatly to fers of Wake manipulated i30S. :.TIh1x. ttiv' , in cotton 16 T;i OX1.' ilW- .XL home-made .ia.-r.3s '; f incr commit- 415 X Xiej-vasi,' 3 i. r ) v tho chair jto :c!ef-. .- id e red at th lis. id select speakers, viz: J. A. Norris A. C. Green, . F. Allen, J. W. Jpnes and J. F. Taylor. The committee made the -following report: Subject: Can wo afford to raise cotton and buy our supplies V Speaker, Hon. A. Leazar. r - : ''; Subject.'-T-If we. cannot afford to raise cotton' "and buy-.- our ' supplies, what will pay, the- farmer ? Speaker, J.'F. Taylor.- . -- , Subject :-The Cow her manage rnent and value. Speaker, Dr. R. H. Iewis.--"' " - ; . , r Subject: Composting and how to make thcin. : Speaker, Dr. ' H. B. 'Battle. ' Subject: Importance of farmers' organizations. Speaker, A. D. Jones, Esq. - ' On motion, the Institute adjourn :d, to meet in Raleigh on Friday, loth of February. B. Jas. Powell, President. J J. W. Sjiitu, Acting Sec'y. THE ORDER IN CHATHAM. Love's CreekAlliance, No. 508, '"'!-V; : ',,.,',,,' January 1 4, 1589. Col." Li: L.k Pols.- Dear Sir :-Oav Alliance has been hard , at work for eleven months, and while' there has been little eaid through your paper, it has been moving on in tiro direction that has accomplished much good and the prospect is good for it to continue. We have candidates to initiate at every meeting and yet they come. Some of ' those who said the Alliance would be like an old woman's' dance are now knocking for admittance, and. say it has come to stay. We number 50, and there i3 enough in -this num ber to hold the lines, allowing the weak-kneed to fall out and go to the rear. No organization has ever been started for the .farmer . in which there Is so much at stake, . and if. ail ..will be faithful the time will come when wo will bo a happy and prosperous people. Then let uspass; on without heeding opposition. v We have started a co operative store at Siler City with a small capital, yet it will save the farm ers thousands of dollars this year; Salt has become so cheap that it can't be handled. Corn is at 65 cents. If it had not been for the Alliance move ment we would now have to pay $1.00 It will do away with the credit system, as the merchants will not credit the Alliance brethren. It will cause us to buy' less and econo mize, and stimulate us to raise our own supplies. Then, brethren, let us govern ourselves accordingly. More anon. W. W. Edwabds, Sec'y.' BANNER COUNTIES IN NORTH ' - CAROLINA The Progkessive Fabmek finds in looking over the Census Reports of 1880 that certain counties in North Carolina maybe designated -as ban ner counties in the production of cer tain crops, &c, and below we give a list of them with the product and quantity, produced in 1879: Ashe; Rye, bush., 33,809 " , V Wool, lbs., . 37,483 ' Cheese, ; " .10,596 Brunswick, Rice, bush.,J 1,163,852 Buncombe, Butter, lbs., 248,455 Chatham, Milkcows,No. 5,736 other cattle, " 9,124 Davidson, Wheat, busk, 174.671 - " Irish Pota's " , 20,108 Davie, Hay, Tons, ' 8,667 " Oats, bush., 139,126 Granville, Tobacco, lbs., . - 4,606,358 ; Horses, No., . 3,633 Guilford, Barley, bush., 1,068 " 1 Orchard . " : ' products, value, $49,223 Halifax, . Work . . ; . ;. ' Oxen, No. . 2,472 Jackson, Live stock, value, $1,485,667 Johnston, Hogs, No. ' - 39,328 Randolph, Sheep, T " . 15,742 Sampson, Sweet . - - potatoes,' bush., 214,596 Wake, Indian - corn, bush., 612,809 a n a a li U a Cotton, bales, 30,115 Mules and asses, No., 3,052 Farm Pro. .." . -.V ducts, Total value, $2,044,397 Cost ofbuilding and repairing . V fences, $63,134 Watauga. . Buckwheat, - , ' bush., . ,7,93 1 ENDORSEMENT. Col. L. L. Polk. Dear .Sir: See ing an advertisement of Bro. J. W. Reid, of Reidville, S. C, in The Peo obessive Fakmeb about Secretaries books, and being in need of 'some, I wrote to him, and have just received a lot, which I consider a real treat. They are well arranged and prices are reasonable.' . Desiring to help my brother Secretaries all " I can, J would be glad if you would insert this in vour rnrer. ' W. B. Smith. - PL All I' OI A GILO. Old Sfat:tv. N. C, J 2i. i: I In. I : rapidlT di.' -As tion of torcj-i crc; I :.m r ::v!-. . of a promise to give "your readers plans and epeciCcations for c.n inex pensive silo and how to fill the same. i II ll ID' WA The "above cut reprecento a gable elevation of a wooden silo 14 feet square and 1 2 feet pitch that will .hold 50 tons of ensilage. " Of course the larger the silo the ' better, but I have just had demonstrated that ensi lage can ' be well -preserved : in . '-very small" 'quantities ::. provided " ' 'the ' pres sure be continuous, T filled a 50-gal-lon cash with pea ensilage September 1 st, applying screw pressure and se curing the same. Opened January 15'and found GO.per cent of it perfect. Hid: the 1 pressure"- been''. continuous;; following down the shrinkage, the loss w'ould have been much less. I make this point to demonstrate the fact that no man may be deterred " from trying the experiment on the score of ex pense. ' . now to tjuild. Foundation wall of stone or brick, 10 inches wide and 8 inches high.: Upon this place 2x 10 inch bond timbers, flush with the inside of the founda tion wall. Toe-nail 6x6x12 corner posts, flush with the outside of 'thes timbers, bracing with . 4x,6. Four feet up and 8 feet ..up, jog in 2x10 horizontal plates by cutting two inches in the post and 4 inches in the plate. This gives increased stiength and pre vents contact between that part liable to decay, the lining, and frame spike down securely upon top of post, plates 2x10. Line with 5-inch matched boards, all heart, letting them drop a little below the bond timbers that the wall may help sustain the pressure. A roof of boards with open gables will be sufficient. For convenience in filling and emptying, a door may be cut half-way up and opening on the inside, with bevelled edges. The framing timbers need not be heart, provided a projecting roof is used, and the corner-posts may be of round timbers, sized up only at joints. . Thh building will not cost to exceed $35, and with an occasional renewing of the lining it will last a life-time. A barn to hold the same amount of dry feed would cost $200. ENSILAGE CROPS. - Any good green forage makes good ensilage. In quality clover is best, peas next, but .corn, our t large stalk Southern, surpasses all, from the fact that three times as much can be grown per acre. And when supplemented .with cotton seed meal is near a com plete nutrient. ; HOW. TO PLANT. - . ' Select 5 acres adjacent to silo, ma nure, break and harrow well; plant in 3 feet 6-inch rows, 11 inches apart, one stalk in a hill, keep down weeds and grass. When the ear has glazed or just passed that stage, when i it is too hard for roasting-ears, is ready for the silo. Cut down with sharp weed hoes, loading on wagon with butts all one way. . Now comes the important part, and if there is a secret about it it is. this: Cut as fine as you can. ' The finer -the better. In half-inch lengths there is iio waste. If cut longer some of the larger and coarser stalks will be rejected. Be sides, it is more compact would recommend Sinclair's feed-cutter. It is not only the cheapest but the best. They can be had through our State agent. A. great deal has been said and written about letting the corn wilt and filling slowly to make-sweetr ensilage. My experience is you can't put it up wrong. I never stop for dew or drizzle, and I have yet. to see my first spoilt ensilage. When full, cover with tarred paper or boards and weight with any convenient substance, stone, "old iron, firewood,'. &c. But this is not essential. If not-weighted at all it will spoil only a few inches. now to fc::i. ll Open by stripping the top entirely. taking out all that is spoilt. To cattle unaccustomed to it feed sparingly at et, gradually increasing to 30 I wunds. Some cows - will eat 50 pounds per day and not be satisfied. No m an can tell of the possibilities ol ensilage in the future. - Just think of wintering your stock cheaper than ycu can pasture it in summer. With our alluvial bottoms to grow the corn, our accessibility to the great Northern markets and cheap - labor, Eastern Nerth Carolina should not reject the boon that is offered , Exias Carb. ALLIANCE FACTORIES. Should - the Farmers'; Alliance go into manufacturing, ,is a question that i3 (and justly so) agitating the public mind at the present time. ? The reasons in favor of such a move are many, but a few will suffice. , ' . .To begin with, ; manufacturing pays an average of twenty -five per cent, tiiroughout the country, vs. two,, and one-half ip$r cent in agriculture. This shows ten times the profit in - manufac turing as farming, Alliance factories have many ad vantages over any other?, from the fact that they have a surer and more substantial patronage. ; The South is behind . the r North "in material prosperity because the South depends on an industry . paying, just one- tenth the profit of their more pros perous but less favored brethren. How can this state of things be overcome ?, is a question that should engage; the attention of every patriotic mind. We venture the following; , 4 ': Let ''every v. County Alliance, Sub- Alliance and individual . Alliance man,- contribute of their funds to Alliance stock companies, which shall manufac ture such goods as fertilizers, wagons, buggies," plows, shoes, harness, tobacco, cotton, &c, and then when the goods are put oh the market let Alliance men. buy no other goods in the lines manu 11 ;tured by Alliance , factories; except chants will co-operate with us and thus secure the almost entire - patronage of the State and the South. There is no reason why) we should not manufac ture goods in any of these lines as good and as cheaply as it can be done anywhere. We- have the advantage of a warm climate, cheap labor, power and materials. j .;- ; . -'; -'-T; I am glad to know that we will have at Raleigh an Alliance shoe company, a plow and wagon factory, at Gary, tobacco factories and warehouses at Henderson, Oxford, Durham and Reidsville; and we believe that every Alliance and Alliance man should aid these enterprises by taking stock, and then buy and use these goods ex clusively. ? '";;: "7- . You ask if this will be just to other factories ; and our "answer is yes , be cause we will by this co-operation keep our money in circulation at home, and receiving the profits of the busi ness, be enabled to keep pace with other less highly favored sections, who by diversified industries manage to draw patronage and profit from every section of the country. The shares of these co-operative companies should be small, so that every Alliance man would " be enabled to do something. Every stockholder1 is1 a regular cus tomer and a worker for the enterprise. I think ; that !; every one should co operate in these enterprises, and there by help to counteract the formation of trusts and combines, which is the bone of American civilization. ' . . Fraternally, S. O. W. NO INCREASE OFlSALARIES. f Vienna, Forsyth Co., N. C, January 28, 1889. Col. L. L. PolkJ Dear Sir ; rA s it has been some time since I have seen anything in your paper from here, I will . try . and give something. Our Alliance. is booming.- We have 40 members and applications every meet ing for membership. We send you some resolutions for publication. It seems" that, the officials want their salaries increased. Of course, they would like to get all. Well, we are about tired of this thing all tax and no rest; They say that the pay is not sufficient for them to live and support their families ! Well,' let them quit and go to farming once, as .the com mon farmer does, and pay the -taxes that he does and see how it goes. We are inclined to think that one year will convince them and they would be glad to go back with less pay. They all seem very anxious to get in office. We would . like to see things arranged j so that we would have less tax to pay instead of an i; increase. But fearing I have taken too much; space, I i will close. Success' to The 'Pf.ogrssive FARMER. R. O. LlNEBACK, C recv AGRICTLTURAL AND MECHANI CAL COLLEGES. i B7 Gn. S. D. Lee, of Mississippi. . Editor Fa rmeb : -I propose writing a few articles about Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges, and intend show, ing the object and intent of Congress in.providing for them and. the neces sity for their establishment. What I shall write will be in a non-partisan spirit, " intended to overcome .objec tions to these : institutions, which are honestly entertained , by many wh o should be their friends. , In the older. States there "are col leges ' and vuniversities'vihich have grown up with them ; many , of them richly endowed and others supported by .; State : " appropriations. ; ; As the newer States were organized, similar ones were established, and in most in stances provision was made for; their, liberal endowment by. Congress by donations of public - lands. Many, of, these endowments,- both to the col leges and common schools, have. been lost by the States. ; ; ; ; , : These universities v and ; colleges in all the States were generally pat terned after the old English colleges, and their curriculums were gotten up to educate young men and fit them for the i three .learned professions of Law, Divinity and.- Medicine. . . The theory of their instruction was based on the idea that a thorough study of the ancient , classics was the only true road to. learning. These colleges, besides giving, a general' liberal edu cation, also provided special schools 'for Law, Divinity; and Medicine, making liberal and ample provision for those intending to pursue these professions. In doing - this they afforded most excellent and necessary higher educational facilities only to a small part of the people, but made iio; provision r for the special training and wants of the., great majority of the people engaged in : the multiplied in dustries and learned pursuits of the The recent -discoveries of science and art Have made very great changes in th.- industries of the world, and the e4 lU't'pn afforded by . the older colleges iid universities was too con tracted, and Ji: yored too much certain small classes ol yir population,; and narrowed down too much the choice of selecting, in preparation .for -ihf different pursuits of life, a;. I ;re evidently -.''' favoring the weuii iu-r classes and discriminating too greatly in' not affording special training ; for the pursuits the majority of our pop-' ulation were; following. The census of 1880 shows that in a population of 60,00'0,000.at-the present time, that only 85,671 persons were doctors and surgeons, 64,698 were ; ministers and 64, 137 lawyers, making 214,506 per sons in the learned professions, less than a half million, while the balance of our. population earned their liveli hood in other pursuits one-half being engaged in agriculture and the other in commerce, in manufacturing, in trans portation and in the mechanical arts. These glaring facts caused the courses of study in the colleges and and uni versities to be subjected "to - critical examinbtion. The enquiry was made: Why so purely literary ? Why for the especial benefit of only three or four classes of people? Why so little, science ? Why so much theory and so little practice? V These were pertinent questions, and when made authoritatively by Charles Francis Adams, at Harvard a few years since, they attracted great attention under public pres sure these, curriculums have been par tially and gradually changed. But where these changes have been made only to meet the wealthier and better educated classes rather than to benefit the necessities of the masses of our population. These colleges have added departments for Engineering, "Analy tical Chemistry, Domestic Economy and commercial training, schools of Pharmacy ; and Dentistry; schools of arts of -various kinds, Politecnic In stitutes, Normal Colleges, and, in fact, departments for the theoretical and special instruction of nearly every calling, but have persistently ignored agriculture, which, as an art. is virtually the basis of all arts and of all wealth, j This is the pursuit, too, that one-half of the. population of the United States is engaged in, and in, Mississippi four ffths. The recent changes and addi tions in the curriculums of the com mon schools are following the same policy.'-' In' addition'' to "the three R's," we find recent introductions of philosophy, ..' botany, physiology and practical instruction in carpeuien wood engraving, type-writing sten- j ocjraphv, cooking. s';'.vi::.c. ;:c., but j wc hear l.othing of th" of the "tu ly : th" ' ' cip " - "' - schools, an art 1 that four-fiftlig of the boys and girls of Mississippi must necessarily earn their support from. This, too, in face of the fact that the principles are as well - arranged and understood and as easily mastered by dull boys and girls as all the dry facts of arithmetic, grammar, spell ing, ; geography or histories. The great straits v to which the farming classes or peasants in Europe were brought about 'the beginning of this century has made a - complete revo lution in agriculture. In 1840, juet forty-eight years ago, Leibig reduced to practical and scientific order what was necessary to maintain fertility in soil and to restore fertility. As a consequence, there are now over 400 agricultural schools and colleges in Germany. The same system is found in France and other European States. As a result of. this thorough system of agricultural education among the peasants, - the yield per acre of la n d in Europe has been' gradually increas ing, while in the United States statis tics show it ; is gradually decreasing. The statistics as to the condition of the agricultural classes in the United States, points to the; absolute necessity of ; their being better educated. The ; L i non 1 T i. i1 a. census 01 - ioou uruugnii ;gut iuo inch that in the i, decade of 1850 to;18G0 the' farmers were one-half of the popu lation, and had increased the produc tive' wealth duringthe ten years 101 per cent., and that they owned ji::t one-half of the wealth of the entire country. In 1880 they, wiere still i X. v ir;: .i ..a during the decade, 1870 to '80, they had only increased this productive wealth 9 per cent, instead 101 percent, from I85Q to 1860, showing a losof 92 per cent, in twenty years ; also that in 1880 they, as a class,- only owned one-fourth of the entire wealth of the country instead of one-half as in 1 SCO. It is even worse than this; for much of the land of s farmers is ' mort.gagpd- -This mortgage in the States of Oh;' mciiana, iinnois, v ?sco7ix;f-.Mjcnigan, Minnesota, , Iowa Sribraska, Ivansas and Missouri Is pinnated at $3,422 000,000;: is a notorious fict now, thai ld"ds in these S.tatesave greatly depreciatod in value and the farm lands of ' the New. England ;Siates and IN ew York verv much of T 1 TIT v I r w . r r .--' ixite. To put it in. different- shape, i .11 the twenty years, 1860 to; 1880, the farmers added to the agricultural wrealth of the , entire United States C? 4 TOO RQQ JOT linn nnmnnffi'nn nViAii one-half of ; the entire population. During this twenty years the other half of the population (not fanners) added to th,e . wealth of the country $23,359,794,854, or nearly 500 per cent, more than the fanners made. This shows at least a lack of compara tive1 prosperity with the fanning I classes, and this is the reason eo many larmers ana meir cniiaren are quit ting the farms and engaging in mora lucrative pursuits. This account , too, for the rapid building up of citi ; and corporations. This is why 22 per cent, of our population is to bo found in towns and cities in 188S, while only 3 per cent, lived in towns and cities in 1800. ; , The great progress now beii- : made in the world has brought about new conditions, which affect the fanners.---For.; instance, the.: facility and cheapness of transportation da. away with all local compeiioiL J 1880 it cost 18 cents to tr.i: bushel of grain from the V : : New York, or from JNcr "i r A ( Liverpool. Now it only a 2 cents ; . so thrifty f arn country have not only to co::r -. each other, but vrith thrifty fan;, in the West, and, in! fact, all ov 1 world. ; Skill and! 'invt :it i 1 brought down prices in all . including farm product'. Th ; 2' . therefore, must tbe educated .:.', come more skilled, " or he will 1 the mercy of other calling-. CONTINUED n::xt V "f-rs A i" w. T . l. T collection ct ?r hirt," h; th: though 21r. Willi ;:.i ' :.;. with pee:cr;h. ;r th ) fir. When one of tin yc::. ,.- married a dr-i:.ty i. .i her by her unci j. f t - ' I slippers; they vc:e f elaborately r:. L 1 a whitj : ;t:r ler:, : which in :Ii rl:j '; 4 pers'' T.r:d c;: th j '.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 12, 1889, edition 1
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