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THE PROGRESSIVE b AJiMKK 26, 1889 lu L. POLK , - - - Editor. P. H. BROWSER, Business Manager. Raleigh, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION: Single Subscriber, One Year $ 1.25 " Six Months .75 T&e- Subscribers, Oue Year 5.00 Ten One Year 10.00 One copy one year free, to the one sending Clnb fTen. 4 CashInvarial'lj; in Advatice. Money at our risk, if tnt by registered letter or - Wfrmj order. Advertisiag Rates quoted on application. To Cbrrtjpondents : Write all communications, designed for publics f rvn rtra airia of the mrj'F nnlv We want intelligent correspondents in every county in the btate. e want facts or value, re arts accomDlished of value, experiences of value, plainly and briefly told. One solid, demonstrated fact, is worth a thousand theories. , . Address all communications to The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh, N. C BALEIGH, N. C., MAR.' -26, 1889 This paper entered as second-class matter at the Post Ufflce in Jiauign, js. i.j ' The Progressive Farmer is the Official Organ of tfrfe N. C. Farmers' m i t r r- i. a. T? association ana xm. v. otaie r iuuci a Alliance, and the Virginia State Farm ers' Alliance. Do you want your paper changed to toother onice? btate the one at wnicn you have been getting it. v Do you want your communication pub lished? If so, give us your real name and your postoffice, . Our friends in writing to any -of cur advertisers, will fav6r us by mention ing the fact that they saw the advertise jaent in The Progressive Farmer. gjp The date on your label tells you when your time is out. ANOTHER ALLIANCE WARE HOUSE. WE admire and applaud , the con servatism which characterizes the Alliance in our State in the mat ter of inaugurating new enterprises, in the main such action is guarded by caution and prudence, as it should and ss it must be, if these enterprises suc ceed. The Alliance warehouses which iave-been established at Henderson, Beidsville, Oxford and Durham are all reported as doing well and their success has been satisfactory. . They are prudently and economically, man aged. To-day we add another to the list which we have no doubt with its en , couraging surroundings and with the excellent directory that is to control it, will be a success. The stockholders of the Capitol Alliance Warehouse Company met in this city and organ ized. The counties of Wake, Chat lam, Nash, Vance and Franklin were represented. They elected as Directors B, Upchurch of Wake, J. M. Green of Vance, Thos. J. York of Nash, C. R. Scott of Chatham, G. L. Aycock of Franklin, and W. . C. Stronach of Wake. S. Otho Wilson was elected Manager, W. B. McGhee Secretary and Treas urer, and Z. T. Broughton Auctioneer. The Company has secured the splen tfid Stronach Warehouse and will pen for business on Monday, the 25th 5nst., and the grand special sale will lake place on the 3d of April. TWO FARMERS. Their Methods for Making Money. THE first selects his best land for cotton. Depends on commercial fertilizers. Buys his meat, bread, hay, fertilizers and everything on a credit at ruinous profits. Is driven from the ferst of January to the last day of ,the fc&T by his cotton crop, to the neglect af the improvement of his land, the improvement of his stock, houses, ierices, kc. He is in debt, interest is accumulating and he feels that he; mvst be able to count so many dollars , in greenbacks- as the proceed of his crop. His idea of good and success ful farming is to see at theend of the jear a certain amount of money in actual cash as the result of his labor.. "He does not calculate the ruinous cost at which this money is made. ; He does not 6ee that for every dollar he thus receives, he has paid one hundred and fifty cents. But he . sits down at the end of the year in a cheerless' Some, wearied and dispirited and sur rounded by ignorant children, and complains to his faithful, and over worked wife that the merchants have jruined him, that the seasons have been against him and that he is living in " te poorest State in the Union. He 'ias worked hard, his family has worked hard and they have lived hard, lut his money is all gone and he jrtill is unable to lift the all-devouring mortgage. That man and his family are slaves. The second starts out by fixing in Ids mind the determination to keep ut of debt and to raise his own sup plies. He does not believe that a farmer can get rich in one, or five, or ten years. He does believe that he can gain and improve every year. He knows that mankind must have lomething besides cotton. He believes that if his land and stock and houses, rchards and other comforts of home are improved every year, that he is accumulating wealth in its most solid and useful form, whether he ever pro duces a single bale of cotton or not If he makes his own fertilizers, raises lis own meat, bread, hay and stock and- multiplies the little, comforts which go to make a home of pleasure ana nappmess ana nnas at me euu ui the year that his property has doubled in value, he has done . well, although dnrinc that. ' t.irrifi Hfc -has; not had at any one time as much as one hunlred dollars in actual cash. He- has time to sow grass and clover, wheat; oac3 and rye. He has time to look after his cattle, hogs' and sheep. He has time to make manure and to improve his lands. He has time to keep his buildings, shelters, &c , in repair and to add to them. He has time to look after his orchard and other fruits His wife, dear, devoted woman, in steading of wearing out her life in cooking for a lot of negroes to work cotton, has time to look after the srlnrnmpnt. and bpautifving of her home, to. attend to her milk ;and but ter. eggs, garden, bees, chickens ana other poultry, and with all this they have a little- time to spare socially with their neighbors and to go to church Such a man is a freeman. He is an hrmnr . t.r his ealliner. His life and methods elevate and dignify the voca tion TTa has demonstrated to his boys that farming is not necessarily a life of drudgery and slavery., lie t.lins fidncatfs his srirls that the bronzed cheek of the farmer-boy sweetheart is not a badge of dishonor. Here is . a picture of two classes of farmers ' . Tb which, dear reader, do you Deiong ? IMPORTANT INFORMATION WANTED. WILL the farmers of your county increase or diminish the acre age of cotton or tobacco ? Will they increase or 'diminish the use of com mercial fertilizers ? Has the acreage of wheat and oats been increased or diminished ? What is the condition or prospect of these crops ? Are your farmers increasing the acreage or grass ana clover c Are they economizing and trying to get out of debt, and how I Are they making as many mortgages as usual ? What are the evidences that they are trying to make their farms self- sustaining? What is the general condition of the Alliance in your county ? What Alliance enterprises are started or are in contemplation in your county r What proportion of the farmers of your county belongs to the Alliance ? Every member of the Alliance in your county should possess the infor mation sought by these questions. very Alliance member in the State should have it. How can they get it ? Take this paper to your county meet- g and read these questions in open Alliance and discuss them and decide on the answer to each one. Select some brother who has the art of con densing and instruct him to communi cate your answers to The Progressive Farmer. Thus we will have a bird's- eye view of the condition of the farm ers and of the Alliance throughout the whole State. It will be not only in- eresting but exceedingly valuable to our iarmers. it is lust the lniorma- ion that all of us want and need. We rust every County Alliance will see o it that as accurate and full informa tion on these points be furnished us as is possible. The brethren will find hat the discussion of these subjects will be instructive, interesting and profitable to all The Progressive Farmer desires to De, at all times and in every way, as useful as possible to the farmers of the State, and it feels that it can render a very valuable service by devoting the necessary space to this object. . Do not fail to let us have it. -4 BUREAU OF LABOR TISTICS. THE STA- GOVERNOR Fowle removed Mr. W. N. Jones as Commissioner and appointed Hon. J.C. Scarborough in hi 4 stead. This Bureau has been sustained by a fund from our Agricul tural department. The law provided for the sum of three thousand dollars to be expended on it last vear but. that only two thousand dollars should be applied this vear. Ther6 was a strong inclination in the Legislature to abolish the Bureau,' but it was not done and the law was not amfindpH The salary of Mr. Jones was $1500,' and of his Clerk.. Mr. "RrnncrhtnTi $1,000, leaving $500 to pay for office: expenses, stationery, printing, &cJ But it leaves Mr. Scarborough in am awkward and we fear helpless con dition.' He has only' $2,000 from which the salary of himself and'of his Clerk, Mr: W. . S. Harris, is to be; drawn and the expenses of running his office, which of course is imprac ticable. The Bureau either should have been furnished with neo.fiRfin.rv funds to run it, or it should have been abolished. At your County Alliance meeting investigate the work done by your county organizers or the work that may be done. If there is a place in your county where an Alliance may be formed, ask the organizer to attend to it. It you have no county organ izer and need one, select one and have the County Committee on the Good of t0 Ar1e?ommend him to this ? X i J . e AUlance must have a solid foot-hold in every township in every county in the State. Brethren, look after this important matter. COMMISSIONER ROBINSON GOES INTO-.PRINT. : 1 He Covets the Honor of Having filled . t . . the Agricultural Bill. Special to the . Charlotte Chronicle. Raliegh. N. C , March 20. In the last issue of Tfje Progessive Farmer, published by Col. L. L. Polk, Secre tary cf the Farmers' State Alliance, appeared an editorial as follows: "Tne bill to con solid ate tne JJepartment or Agriculture and Mechanical College, and bv which the Farmers' Fund was to oe expenaeu sinowj tue lULexooi, oi agriculture, auu wu.u;u. 8.000 to S10.00 would have been saved to the college, was passed in the Hnnse bv an almost unanimous vote and was promptly sent t ) the Senate Tt was referred to the Committee on Agriculture. 1 The friends of the meas nre nsp.d everv enort to nave it re ported, but in vain. It wa3 strangled and killed by the action of -the com mittee. Even Commissioner Robin son worked day and night against it." -, r 1 4. HJ I our correspond caueu. upuu Commissioner KoDinson to Know wny he oDoosed the bill to. consolidate the Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural and Mechanical College ' He said he opposed it in the interest of agriculture, aside from any per- sonal grounds whatever. " Whv. he said, if that bill had Pu Ku. . w"6 roiK ior naymg given me so mucn credit m the matter) it would have destroyed the efficiency of the )epart. ment almost entirely. The bill changed the number of the' board from 9 to 15, with the power to elect' a chair- man and three of their number as an executive committee, with the full power of the board vested in this committee, in the absence of the board. Every dollar of the fertilizer tax was to be applied to the College, except $8,000. It changed the office of Commissioner to Secretary ol Ag riculture, with an assistant secretary. It was virtually intended to do away with the Department and have a new management entirely, with the board amenable to the College, instead of the College being amenable to the board." " Who was the author of the bill ?" was asked. The reply was "Polk, Leazar and Primrose." Did you ever hear of any changes to be made in the officers, provided the bill had passed ? "Yes. I heard it rumored that Col. Polk was to be the Secretary, Mr. Chas. McDonald, of Concord, to be Assistant Secretary, and Mr.. A. Lea zar, to be President of the College." "Could the Department have been run at all on the $8,000 ?" "Under this change the Depart ment could not have run, it woula have been so crippled. , As Speaker Leazar said to the Committee on Ag riculture, "It would be a tight squeeze." In other words, the office might have been kept open, but no good could have been done. The or ganization of farmers' institutes would have to be stopped. The publication of the Bulletin would have to be sus pended. We see nothing in the bill except to abolish entirely the entire Department so far as the present man agement is concerned. The new Sec retary with his assistant, with un- lmitea power vested in uiree men, ogether with all the funds, could haye done what they pleased to do. mvj ,iva,a w uu. action in causing the bill to be de- eated, was not that I was opposed to the Agricultural & Mechanical Col- ege, for I am as good a friend to that institution as any man in the State. but when a party of men professing iv unuuu uu ukui ii o nuL tu uv something great for agriculture, it does seem they. should have conferred T no Sf Qto or hnort . rrr t r mi.Vr w tin I with or consulted-the Commissioner of Agriculture. , My opposition was purely for the interest of agriculture,; ana l am glad that 1 have received so much credit from the friends of the defeated measure. Other facts in re , gard to this matter will be brought out as the time1 allowed will rjermit." A The Progressive Farmer" most cheerfully admits to its columns the; above interview for . a two-fold pur J pose: First, to grant Commissioner Robinson a perfectly fair showing as a State official and as the self -asserted ampion of the opposition which killed .a most meritorious measure. And secondly for the purpose1 of showing the farmers of North Carolina how they are misrepresented, even by the Commissioner of Agriculture himT self, accordirg to his own boastful declaration.. " My action in causing the bill to be defeated. &c, says Commis sioner Robinson. We thank thee for the words, Mr. Commissioner! This fixes the responsibility for the defeat of the measure and settles that question, if we are to believe the Commissioner. But it is not our purpose to discuss the merits of the bill to-day. Mr. Robinson promises "to bring out other facts in regard to this matter as the time allowed will permit." We trust he will do so. We want not only "the truth, but the whole truth," in regard to it, and we hereby tender to Mr. Robinson space in the columns of our next issue for a thorough ventilation of the matter. Turn on the light Mr. Commissioner. We want "other facts" for facts are rather scarce in the above interview. The reader will observe that the only reference made to Commissioner Robinson in oiir article was in . these words " jjven, Commissioner Robinson worked, day and night against it." For whicli the urbane Commissioner says: " I am rnuch obliged to Col. Polk for having given me so much credit in the matter." "Not at all !" "Don't mention it ! !" " You are heartly welcome!!!"-- But we beg to call - his special attention to our words. We saidi " Worked day and night against it," but we did not say what influence iftTn1:ei1or1- 4Xr u his work had or now much was ac- This, perhaps, will appr later. He published to the world that "Polk, Leazer and Primrose." were the authors of the bilL And with some people it would be considered a fairly good committee, Mr. Com missioner. But it perhaps ; would do no harm to tell the" truth about it and say that these gentlemen were all invited to a meeting of farm ers of the Legislature in which forty -five of them were present,, and were selected and appointed on a committee of fiye Qther two beinff Senators Tjllf.AB - , r..lwm tn a Lucas and Campbell) to draft trie .bill and that the bill was drawn in perfect accordance with the views of that meeting. The Commissioner in his exceedingly communicative mood even went so far as to publish what Madame Rumor had to say of certain gentlemen, and made that venerable old Dame impute by implication, to certain, of these - - - . ' f . fady Mm Polkwa' lo be geetary Mr. McDonald his assistant , Mr JjlM7(,r f n PrAAmt nf t,hP. college;-5 This is certainly news to us for we had never before heard it in timated and for the comfort of the Commissioner we desire to inform him that we are in no sense to be consid ered as an aspirant or a candidate for his position. We are entirely satisfied with the important, duty of working and watching for the farmers in oiir present capacity, and could and would not accept any place in the gift of any Board, or official, of the State. We must stay where we can watch and expose the schemes for deceiving the farmers. No, Mr. Commissioner old Mrs. Rumor misled you we do not want your place. We hope you will rest easy and sleep well, on that score. When we come to discuss the bill which he boasts of having killed, we shall show that he was about as correct in stating its features as he was in the .matters referred to and we may show why the party that " attempted to do something great for agriculture snouia nave been guilty oi tne un 1 til i t . n . t pardonable crime of not " conferring with or consulting the Commissioner of Agriculture." " r-' THE WAR- PATH. Lick Log, March 22, 1889. Great Scott ! Mr. Editor, the air js just sulphurous 1 Its a perfect circus to go over to our postoffice. Blame me, if I don't believe some of our deacons and stewards will lose their religion, and if they are so badly stirred up you may guess the temperament of we outsiders. There are some ex pressions dropped about here that you don't find in Paul's letters to the Romans. You see, our people take several of the Raleigh papers and we are watching things. When we saw sn mariv r f tVia formorc nrora in tYta Legislature we felt good. Of course Wft knnixr t.hv wat-a a r trht. and as for the lawyers and others, we remem bered how they read from our Alli ance papers when they were making speeches and courting us for our votes, and how they did promise ! Th could just bea old Pharoah all felt safe and looked for something to be done. - - - Well, we saw it. When your "Lobby Brigade" made that famous charge they scattered worse than a regiment of home " melish " when they were charged by Sherman's cavalry. But' we make some allowance for it, as they were mostly raw recruits, , and didn't understand the r maneuverings of thewily old political leaders. After the boys got used to it we could see they ' improved, and it was "not so much a want of backbbne as it ?was a want of experience. The fact is, be fore they got through, the most of them, showed that they could stand fire first-rate, and we are proud of 'em not all of them, . but the most of 'em. Some folks are mad and awfully disappointed "because the1 -farmers and Alliance men didn't 'just tear ' the earth up and make fools of themselves generally. But if you want to hear a lively rattle and almost feel the earth tremble just get in a crowd of our farmers down here and say Railroad Commission! When I was a court ing boy and my sweetheart would blush and her sweet little pink ears would turn crimson red, she wuld say some one was talking about her. If that's a sign, then that immortal "fifteen" and that immortal "thirteen" in the Senate who killed that bill had better wrap their ears in ice to keep them from melting from their heads. " Little Bill Jones, Jr.," as the boys call him, was over at the postoffice the other day when I went over to get my mail and I read to him the vote on the bill and he boiled over. You see he lives just over the line and voted for one of that crowd. My Senator was a lawyer, but he stood by the farmers and all the people like a man. And when I see how the lawyers stood by us some of 'em and how some of the farmers deserted US 1 am ashamed of the name almost. r -But there is a. "sweet, ye-and-bye" in politics, and don!t you forget it The great big majority that passed the bill in the" House is entitled to the thanks of the people, but what do you suppose our 60,000 Alliance men and 60,000 men who don't belong to the Alliance, who wanted that bill to pass, is going to do about it ? The Senate just said to the capitalist : " Come down here to North Carolina, and build as many roads as you please, where you please and how you please and run them as you please and charge what you please and make as much out of our people as you please and do as you please and pay what tax you please and " none shall dare to molest or make you afraid." That's what the Senate says. What do the people say ? You will hear later. We know how these men were elected and who elected them. When I was a little shaver I was in the shop one rainy day where my father was making a pair of plow-handlss; and talking about a neighbor who cheated him in swapping pigs, he said: "My boy, if a man betrays you one time it is his fault, but if he does it the sec ond time it is, your fault." There are several counties in this State'" where every voter ought to paste that vote inside rhis clock and write that sen tence in big letters right under it.1 Short Grabs. THE FARMERS' ALLIANCE AND POLITICS.: By Hon. S. B. Alexander, President State Alliance of North Carolina. In all the States in which the Farmers Alliance has been organized, except Texas, it is comparatively new organization. The rapidity with which it has been organized has as tonished every one, and it is unreason able to expect that its members should comprehend the full scope of this grand , organization with the limited opportunities afforded them. The first section of the declaration of princi pies is misunderstood by more of our members than any of the others caused by newspapers and persons not members of our order, designedly or otherwise. We frequently see state ments like the following: "The Alii ance must not go into politics;" "Keep the Alliance out of politics:" "Poli tics must not be discussed in the Alii ance," etc., etc. Rice, sugar, wool and potatoes may be political topics one year, and the next their places may be supplied by other farm pro ducts. To hold that the Alliance can not discuss laws or proposed laws that affect their interest is to deprive our members of the inalienable right of self -protection. The first section of the declaration of principles reads as follows: " 1. To labor for the education of the agricultural classes in the science of economical government in a strictly non-partisan spirit." This declaration makes it the duty of Alliances to consider any laws or proposed measures that will either benefit or discriminate against the agricultural classes. Ihis must be done in " a strictly non-partisan spirit, the object of the Alliance being to educate its members "in the science of economical government," so they can vote intelligently, and not depend upon the " taffy" of political speakers or the "one-sided tracts" of political legislature. The ballot is the great protector of the people, and unless our members investigate ' the laws under which we live and consider the changes proposed from time to time their ignorance win render tnem an easy prey to the educated politician, and they will be herded and driven by the political whip like the' uneducated negroes of the South. -' Knowledge; is power," "Intelligence rules," "Money is influence," are proverbs of great significance. . Knowledge, intelligence and money, humanely directed . are great blessings to mankind, but gov erned by rapacity they debauch the ballot and organize lobbies that pro cure the enactment of laws that make he rich richer and the poor poorer. "No force can arise except by the ex penditure of a pre-existing force." So; no class can become rich by legislation except by defrauding other classes. Monopolies, trusts, combines and pools flourish to-day to a greater degree, than ever before in the world's history.; The rapid increase of millionaires.. some of whose fortunes exceed the assessed value of real and personal property of .certain States, collected within the last thirty years, taken in connection with the scarcity of money among the agricultural classes, shows plainly that under the forms of law this countrv is drifting into two classes the very rich and the very poor. Hence the necessity of every Alliance discussing the laws to ascer tain wherein we suffer and how we may be benefited. No organized lobby was ever seen in Washington in the farmers' interest, and perhaps will never be seen there. It is only through organization and instruction that the farmers will be able to protect their interest. The Fanners' Alliance does not contemplate organizing a political party, nor does it recognize any politic cal party; but it holds that any party or any man who makes war upon its principles or who discriminates against the farmers and laborers' interest is its enemy The Alliance urges its memberto'uphold its principles, - and if there-should beany members ;" so clogged " by. party ties that they can not stand np like brave men,- giVe them a withdrawal card; the Alliance is better off without them. National Economist. FROM OTHER STATES. ' We clip the following from letters published in the Cultivator and Coun. try Gentleman, to show our readers the general drift and prospects of farming throughout the country: J. W., Ontario Co., N. Y., March 5th, says: ." Many farmers in settlino up their accounts for the year seem to be rather better off than last year, but there are some who want to rent or sell." G. S.,KentCfo.,Md' March 7,says: 'X0 demand for farm produce; prices verv low. Unless prices are better farm, ers will have to stop raising grain for market and turn their attention to small fruits, trucking and dairying."' W. H., from Rock Co.. Wisconsin writes: "Farmers are beginning to seem busy. I think the tobacco acre age will be in excess of last vear Tobacco seems to have become a staple growth m Southern Wisconsin. The crops are prolific and the quality good This is a settled fact." S. H. R. writes from Richardson Co., Neb.,. March-2: "If there is change for the better, Eastern capi talists will have an immense acreage of mortgaged farms upon their hands, for it will be impossible for the farm ers to pay either principal or interest.'' On the same line we give the Chi cago Express credit for the following from Illinois, Indiana, and Nebraska: J. Webster, Illinois: "The farmers in this county are in a truly pitiable condition, and their blindness to their true condition and the causes that produced them is unparalleled in his tory. ' The wealth producers are hope lessly blind to their , own interests politically, hence their organizations, non-political, have about as much in fluence on our law-makers as pouting water on a duck's back, and their po litical prejudices every four years buries them deeper in this humiliating condition." Phelps county, Nebraska, had, at the beginning of the year 1888, 1,450 farms, and the number of mortgages in force on December 1, was 2,051. The assessed value of the land was $596,542, and the amount of mort gages was $1,091,929. A very interesting letter from the Mississippi Valley in Home and Farm closes as follows: ,t .. ... " Grass and stock build up, while cotton pulls down soils. We are be ginning to feel the effects of a long continued seeding of lands in cotton. Yields have fallen off until it is get ting to be difficult to obtain half the former yields. " This fact can be seen in the in- crease in acreage that has been going on for several years, notwithstanding the increase the yield is surely de creasing. The result of this will be to increase the number of large plan tations and the it-uaui system. Small farms will be sold, and their former owners seek other business This will be the worst that could happen, for a nation's greatest prosperity comes from the small farms. " England illustrates the tenant sys tem, France the other. In England the wealth is in the hands of the few. In France in the possession of the many." Homes breed patriots; board- ers,. anarchists Steele s .bayou. And from the same paper we clip the closing paragraph of a long, well- written and very interesting letter from Illinois. Read it: " In the country, if any murderer is hung, it is not by the courts, but by the people, who, : for personal satety, seem to think it necessary to take the law into their own hands' " Meantime there is a steady tide of the farmers flowing .from the country into the towns. They see and feel, while remote from the towns, they are taxed for conveniences and luxu ries they are denied the enjoyment of in towns.". .... ' . " In the country the land' is. passing into few, and fewer hands. , Jjand- pwners are leaving and giving place to tenants; slovenly farming , is increasing- red top is crowding timothy out, and where bluegrass was all-conquering broomsedge raises its rusty front. In short, if affairs go on for the next generation as they have for the past, there will be some cause to repeat for Illinois the sonorous sen tence describing the cause of the decay of the greatest empire of ancient times Latifundia perdidere Romano- rum, " Large farms ruined Rome. 15. t JOHNSON. RtnWland informs US that Cherry Grove Alliance, of Columbus county, at their last meeting, peu ha fllowiTiw rPQnlntions: "Resolved. That we plant more corn, potatoes and small grain and les3 cotton, and raise more manure at home, and, as far as possible, stop buying supplies on time. 2d. That we buy but half the quantity oi iertiuzer oougnt last yeai. That, wfl ffivfl nn Iaati or mortgage on anything but the crop where the guano has been applied.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 26, 1889, edition 1
2
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