THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PSOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
RALEIGH, N. C, AUGUST 27, 1889.
No. 29
VoL 4.
" '
DIRECTORY OF FARMERS OR
GANIZATIONS. ROBTH CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
President Elias Carr, Old Sparta, S.C.
Vice-President A. H. Hayes, Bird
town, N. C. .
Secretary L. L. Polk, Rajf igh, N. C.
Treasurer J. D. Allen, Falls, N. C.
Lecturer Thos. B. Long.
Assistant Lecturer R. B. Hunter.
Chaplain J. J. Scott
Door Keeper W. H. Tomhnson, Fay-
etteville, N. C.
Assistant Door Keeper H. E. King.
Sergeant-at-Arms J. S. Holt, Chalk
Level, N. C. ,T, TT TT
State Business Agent W. H. Worth.
KXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH CARO
LINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE.
S. B. Alexander, Chariot e, N. C.,
Chair nan; J. M. Mewborne, Kinston N.
C; J. S. Johnston, Ruffin, N. C.
OEFICERS OF THE VIRGINIA STATE ALLIANCE.
President G. T. Brbee, Bridgewater,
Va.
Vice-Pres dent tfaj. Marm Page,
BrandoD, Ya.
Secretary J. J. Silvey, Arnissille, Va.
Treasurer Isaiah Printz, Stonyman,
Va.
Cecturer J. D. Shepperson, Smithville,
Va.
Assistant-Lecturer P. H. Strode, Step
hen City, Va.
Chaplain Wm. M. Rosser, Luray, Va.
Doorkeeper B. Frank Beahen, Kim
ball, Va.
Assistant-Doorkeeper, GL E. Brubaker,
Luray, Va.
Sergeant-at-Arms Milton Pence, For-
estville, Va.
State Business Agent S. P. A. Bruba
ker, Luray, Va.
Ch'mn Ex. Com. E. T. Brumback,
Ida,Va.
THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE
- FARMERS ALLIANCE ON
TRUSTS AND COM
BINES. Introduced by Hon. W. J. Green.
We hold these truths to be self evi
dent; that needless taxation is rob
bery, and needless restriction tyranny
and subscription to both, slavery.
That whether these abnormal claims
are arrogated or usurped by kingship
QI. by combination in nowise mitigates
the crime, and, whereas, trade combi
nations under various names have of
late been formed throughout our land,
whose open purpose and practical
effect is to tax consumers of the neces
saries of life by restricting or crushing
out trade competition, thus enabling
the said associotions to place arbitrary,
unwarranted and onerous prices upon
their monopolized products and thus
exercise the two highest functions of
the most despotic government; there
fore be it
Resolved, That it is the sense and
wish of the North Carolina Farmers'
State Alliance in convention as
sembled, as we have reason to believe
it to be of all other associations look
ing only to self -protection against un
necessary greed and rapacity, and of
great army of consumers generally in
their individual capacity, that some
thing should be done and that right
speedily in the interest of our people,
or against monopolistic extortion and
robbery.
Resolved, In furtherance of above
resolution, that if any dutiable article
has been or shall hereafter be made
one of combination by those principal
ly interested in its manufacture and
sale, for the purpose of shutting out
or controlling legitimate competition,
and thus establishing a monopoly on
such article, be that ' combination
known as trust, pool or combine, or by
any other name, style or designation
whatsoever, the import duty on such
article or articles should at once be
reduced at least fifty per centum on
rate then existing under the tariff
schedule, for the first year thereafter
and placed on the free list at the ex
piration thereof if the grievance is not
in the meantime abolished.
Resolved, further, We hold that
whoever enters into such combination
with such obvious intent should be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, if
not a felony, and be punished by ade
quate fine or imprisonment or by
both.
Resolved, That we request, nay
urge and insist that our Senators and
Representatives in Congress shall go
to the extreme limit of Constitutional
prerogative in carrying out by means
suggested or by any other more offica
cious, the wish herein embodied, that
this monopolistic combination of capi
tal for purpose of extortion, the most
crying evil which has had birth under
our government, the curse of the age
and the shame of the land, may re
ceive its deathblow at the earliest day
practicable.
Resolved, That we request the
earnest co-operation of other State
Alliances and of the Inter-State
Farmers' Association, which is to
meet during the coming week at
Montgomery, and labor organizations
generally in furtheranc of this most
just, patriotic aid reasonable demand
Resolved, That in view of the mag
nitude of the evil complained of, we
hope that a select committee will be
authorized by each House of Congress
to take exclusive cognizance of this
and cognate subjects.
Resolved, That a copy of these reso
lutions be furnished to the North
Carolina delegates to the Inter-State
Farmers' Association and also to the
delegates of this Alliance to the
Farmers' and Laborers' Union at St.
Louis in December next, with request
to ask their adoption by these bodies.
Adopted unanimously.
MACON COUNTY ALLIANCE.
Franklin, N. C, Aug. 12, 1889.
Mr. Editor: At 11 o'clock a. m.,
on the 9th of August, 1889, delegates
from the Sub-Alliancea in Macon
county, met at the court house in
Franklin; N. C, and with Mr. M. L.
Fortune as their presiding officer,
proceeded to organize a County Alli
ance. A Committee on Credentials
was appointed and reported the fol
lowing Sub-Alliances duly repre
sented: Holly SpringsElijah, Sugar
Fork, Burningtown, Oakdale, Brier
town, Nantahala, Scaly, Smith's
Bridge, Union, Oak Grove, Iola,
Carow, Liberty and Cartoojay.
Elected officers as follows:
President, John Ammons; Vice
President, P. C. Wilds; Secretary,
J. K. Bryson; Treasurer, H. P. Car
penter; Lecturer, J. L. Corban;
Assistant Lecturer, J. F. Tippet;
Chaplain, Rev. F. M. Morgan; Door
keeper, Charles Moore; Assistant
Doorkeeper, W. H. Morrison; Sergeant-at-Arms,
G. W. Dilliard; Busi
ness Agent, J. M. Carpenter.
Delegate to State Alliance, Rev. F.
M. Morgan; Alternate, H. G. Dills;
County Organizer, Rev. F. M. Mor
gan; Executive Committee, B. M.
Allen, J. W. Welch and J. J. Mc
Connel; Committee for the Good of
the Order, Jesse Drocess, W. W.
Higdon and John Henry.
At this point a pithy little speech
was made by Mr. W. L. Fortune, re
garding Alliance papers and Country
Homes, The . Progressive Farmer
and The National Economist were
heartily endorsed, and adopted as our
organs. An ominous future awaits
the Alliance. The attendance was
large and everything was a success:
even a self-appointed bell-ringer, in
his whiskey paraphernalia, succeeded
in bringing himself into aontemptible
notice.
The Secretary was instructed to
prepare a brief of the proceedings
for publication in The Progressive
Farmer, and also request Country
Homes and The National Economist to
copy. J. K. Bryson,
Secretary.
LETTER FROM PERQUIMANS.
Nicanor Alliance, No. 1,255,
Aug. 9, 1889.
Mr. Editor: Our Alliance is not
dead, neither is it sleeping, but on the
contrary, is wide awake, and putting
its shoulder to the wheel in good
earnest, and is determined to stand by
its colors. We meet semi-weekly, and
our meetings are growing quite inter
esting. At one of our June meetings
we elected nearly all of our old officers,
thereby showing our appreciation of
them.
Our crops are damaged to some ex
tent in this neighborhood, but on the
whole, we have cause to be thankful
that they are looking as well as they
are.
Our members are waking up to
their own interest, and are keeping out
of debt more than any. previous year
in some time, a sure sign that they are
tired of bondage and intend to be free
men.
"What has become of Bro. Tracy ?
We of Perquimans county would have
been happy to have given, him a wel
come among us.
Why can't we have a Lecturer from
our own State, one who understands
the order well, whose business should
be to visit every county and explain
the principles of the Alliance ? Think
about it, brethren, and let us have
some views on the matter. Many of
us would like to understand this great
cause better if we could, and it seems
to me this would be a good way to
arouse our members to work harder
to accomplish that for which we are
striving
We do not pass many i esolutions,
but our motto is, to fall into ranks,'
and march steadily on to conquer or
die. At our first meeting in July we
endorsed Ihe consolidation qJ the Alli
ance and Wheel, and also the action
taken in Birmingham concerning the
bagging trust, and hope it will sink
beneath the waves of oblivion never
to rise again.
At our last meeting the following
resolution wasunanimously adopted :
Resolved, That we, the members of
Nicanor Alliance, do hereby tender
our thanks to the teacher and com
mittee for the satisfactory progress of
our school, which ended July 12th,
1889, and hope they will be encoaraged
to press the work to the best of their
ability. And furthermore, that a
copy of this resolution be be sent to
the Teacher, one to the committee, and
one to The Progressive Farmer for
publication.
Brethren, let us stand by each other
and be more united in thought and
deed than we have been heretofore,
and God will give us the victory.
Then will the old adage- " God helps
those who helps themselves," be veri
fied among us.
Let us put confidence in our officers,
our members and ourselves, and ere
long a brighter day will dawn for the
poor down-trodden farmers of this so
called free land of ours.
With our best regards for the suc
cess of the Alliance, Col. Polk and his
paper, I am
Fraternally,
M. C. C, Sec'y.
THE NEW BUTTER EXTRACTER
Mb. Editor: Perhaps it will in
terest your readers to learn that a new
machine has recently been invented
in Stockholm, Sweden, by C. A.
Johannson, which will perfectly it is
claimed separate butter from fresh
milk. This is an astounding statement,
yet the exchanges in this country and
Europe have had occasion to examine
the machine and have all pronounced
it a wonderful success.
The plan for separating the heavier
portions of milk from the lighter by
centrifugal force, is not new at pres
ent, for it has been utilized in the
past decade for separating cream from
fresh milk, immediately," if desired;
after it comes from the cow. So per
fect have these machines been made
that they are now in use from the
largest size requiring several horse
power to the machine, worked by
hand, and even to the " baby " hand
power, which sets on a table and is
worked like a coffee mill. But to Mr.
Johannson is due the invention of
carrying this principle one step further
and extracting butter from fresh milk.
His claims are as follows: " The ob
ject of my invention is to separate,
collect and remove the butter from
fresh milk, leaving fresh skim milk or
blue milk and not ' butter milk ' as is
obtained at a residue by the ordinary
process of churning.'
The machine has been patented in
the various countries of Europe, in
England and in the United States.
The American Dairyman has ex
amined the machine and investigated
the test, and describes the result as
follows:
""We have seen the milk put in,
and drank some of it to see that it
was of ordinary quality, and loaded
with cream; tested it with a thermom
eter to determine its temperature; saw
the machine put in motion, and, while
we could not count . the revolutions,
we were sufficiently familiar with the
buzz and hum of the separator to
know that it ran about the same speed
as that machine. "We saw the skim
milk appear and drank some of it, and
it tasted just as skim milk does from
the separator. Out of another tube
came, in just four minutes the time
necessary to get the machine at full
speed from the time the machine
started, the first appearances of butter,
which was instantaneous with the
turning of the mill in the extractor,
such as is familiar to the man who
looks for such a result after grinding
at the churn for thirty or forty min
utes. Then the substance thickened,
and in a minute or less time after this
the granular butter began to appear.
The operator touched a lever, and the
butter came slow but thicker, and, as
he moved this lever around, a contin
tous stream of butter in granular form
came slowly out of the tube. In
about twenty minutes the twenty-one
gallons of milk was all run through,
and over seven pounds of
as fine butter as we ever saw
was ready for the work table.
The butter as it comes from the ma
chine is, of course, perfectly sweet;
but if it is desired to have sour milk,
then a slight washing of the granu
lated butter in sour milk accomplishes
this end. - At an estimate at the above
trial it required about twenty-two
pounds of ordinary milk to make a
pound of butter, which, is excellent
work. This machine has the same
I
excellent method of removing all of
its fibrin and filth of the milk that is
common to all centrifugal machines."
The Chicago Breeder's Gazette refers
to the machine as follows: "In an
other column of this issue is an inter
esting description of the wonderful
butter extracter as given by its in
ventor, Mr. C. Johansson, of Stock
holm, Sweden, and a bit of valuable
testimony from the American Dairy
man as to the ability of this machine
to meet the claims jnade for it. There
seems little reason to doubt that all
the intermediate processes between the
drawing of the cow's milk and the
working of butter, which in the past
have demanded so many appliances,
so much time and so great skill, have
been effectually dispensed with by
this invention. Now if some genius
would be good enough to invent a
machine which will as expeditiously,
thoroughly and skillfully milk a cow
as a dusty six months old bull calf.
The Gazette doubts not that many an
indolent farmer could be induced to
go into dairying, kindly allow his wife,
of course, the privilege of superintend
ing the operations of the milker and
the butter extracter and of working
the butter."
The Agricultural Gazette of England,
in the cautious manner common to
English journals, says: "In the annex
the greatest interest was attracted by
the working of one of the most re
markable of the novelties in the show
yard, the " Butter Extracter," manu
factured by the Extracter Company,
of Stockholm, and exhibited by the
Aylesbury Dairy Co. A machine
which wjll run out butter continuously
at the rate of a pound a minute, if
fed witn fresh milk, is calculated to
produce ,a sensation. Whether expe
rience will prove its results to be
satisfactory or not, its performance is
certainly1 creditable to a high degree
to its inventor. The best judges of
butter, as a rule, prefer it made from
ripened cream; but Londoners and
many other people have . acquired a
taste for the comparatively flavorless
produekma4efomfrcshr-cream and
quite likely the ne w machine will
come in common use to meet their re
quirements. Tae butter extractor has been on
exhibition in Vesteras, the principle
exhibition point in Sweden where it
obtained a gold medal and a diploma
of honor, at the Royal Agricultural
Society show at Windsor where it re
ceived the highest award. It was
here that on the 28th of January that
Queen Victoria, the Prince and Prin
cess of Wales personally congratulated
the inventer upon his success. It has
been exhibited here in the United
States at various places with great
success. Very probably it is destined
to overturn the whole method at pres
en t of making butter in large quan
tities. ' ' "
The humble spring house, the shal
low pans of milk in the cool water
that emanates from our favorite
spring, the skimming, the churning
for thirty, forty and sixty minutes in
the high wooden or earthenware
churn; our joy at finally beholding
the golden globules begin to form.
All these, though they are entwined
in my fondest memories, perhaps are
destined to remain with us for long
days to come until we probably find
it beneficial to combine and build co
operative creameries, utilize the new
est inventions of the country, and
make two or three pounds of butter
where we now make one-third or one
half a pound.
"In union "there is strength," and
this is true, as much in co-operative
creameries as in petroleum or cotton
seed oiH usts. H. B. Battle,
N. C. Agri'l Station.
Aug. ICth, 1889.
IiETTER FROM FARMVILLE AL
LIANCE. Mb. Editor: As others have
undertaken to set forth the doings of
their respective Alliances, I deem it
not amiss should I let others know
that Farmville Alliance was organized
last September with six male mem
bers and that we now number forty
one males and seven females. We
have dimited only one and I do not
think any have been dismissed. We
have been meeting twice a month, on
the second and third Saturday after
noons. On the 17th we had a public
installation and one of the best din
ners that has been served in Farm
ville in many years. We did not
have a public dinner but a quiet af
fair to which Jacob's Branch Alliance
was especially invited and our mem
bers invited a .few of their especial
friends.
But the best and most important
part of the programme was an address
Dy our uounty secretary, J3j. a. JMoye.
I will not attempt to give even a syn
opsis of the speech, but I am codfident
that the audience was both edified
and instructed and that Farmville
will not only gain new members but
that we will all be better Alliance
men for having listened thereto.
After the address the ladies, through
Prof. Duckett, of Granville College,
presented the speaker with a very
handsome boquet. "We think all Alli
ances would be the better for it if
they should have just such a meeting
as we had, at least once a year. Our
Alliance proposes to have a social
meeting once every three months, at
which our wives and children and
friends are to be present. We want
our wives and children to get ac
quainted; we want to break bread
with each one of our order; in fact,
we will do all in our power to make
country life ' less lonely, and home
more attractive.
I came near forgetting to mention
that we had our "Colonel" to dine
with us, and that he seemed to enjoy
it hugely.
We are going to use cotton cover
ing for our cotton, but we shall not
need much, from the present outlook.
"We have not had such a poor prospect
for a cotton crop in ten years, at
least.
We have contributed a small amount
to the business agency fund and will
contribute liberally this fall. We are
anxious for this agency to have a
good sound financial standing, and
then we must have one, at least, supply
depot in every county. Then we can
begin to realize some palpable financial
benefit from our noble order which
we have not been able to do as we
have failed to get any merchant to
make any terms with us.
We like your paper, especially
"jOld Fogy," and we wish you had
more such correspondents. "We should
be glad to have a few articles from
experienced farmers weekly. We
want articles from men who are ex
perts in farming, dairying, horse and
cattle breeding, etc.
' Very respectfully,
A. D. M.
A MARVELLOUS STRUCTURE.
What is the highest structure in
the world? "The Washington
monument," hundreds of children
will answer at first thought. This
would have been a correct reply a
year ago, but now the great Eiffel
(pronounced I'fel, with the accent on
the first syllable) tower at the Paris
Exposition reaches far above any
other work of man. Our picture
shows how it towers above the other
monuments of the world. It will be
seen that the Washington monument
is but little more than half as high as
the Effel tower, the latter being 300
meters or 984 feet in heieht. Con
trast this with the height of- the other
structures shown in the engraving:
The Eiffel Tower 984 feet.
No. 1 Column f Vendome 1 39 feet.
Ko. 2 Notre Dame (Paris) 217 feet.
No. 3 Column of Jnillet (Paris) 131 feet.
No. 4 St. Peter's (Rome) 432 feet.
No. 5 Washington monument 555 feut.
No. 6 Pyramid of Cheops 480 feet.
No. 7 Cathedral at Rouen .492 feet.
No. 8 Cathedral atJStrasbourg 465 feet.
No. 9 Les Invalides (Paris) 344 feet.
No. 10 Arc de Triomphe (Paris) 161 feet.
No. 11 Cathedral - Cologne 522 -eet.
No. 12 Pantheon u" " is) 279 feet.
Each one of the four corners on
which the superstrdcture rests is three
hundred feet square on the ground
and the foundations are sunk far into
the earth. So perfectly are the parts
of the tower adjusted, that the strain
on the foundation is no greater for
each square foot than that of the usual
five story house. The tower is built
of iron, many of the pieces being
shaped like those employed in build
ing suspension bridges. These iron
girders are not great thick masses of
metal, but light and narrow ones, with
flanges on each side through which
the bolts run that put the whole to
gether. It is a very airy and open
structure, and therefore does not sway
in the wind. At a distance it looks
much like lattide work. The first
gallery is 230 feet from the ground.
Hera are restaurants, halls for public
meetings, little stores and promenades.
The second gallery, at a height of 377
feet, measures about 100 feet on each
side, and in addition to restaurants,
etc., contains a printing-office, where
the Eiffel Tower edition of the Paris
Figaro is printed every day. There
is a third gallery not shown in the en
graving, at a height of 861 feet,
where there is a room thirty-two
feet square, surrounded by a bal
cony. One hundred and twenty
four feet above this is the top room
and balcony. Two great elevators
run up in the corner of the tower
nearest to the right in the picture,
and also in the furthest corner to the
left. One of these elevators takes
people up, and the other takes them
down. They run as far as the second
landing. Here you have to change
for a second elevator, which runs
straight up through the center to the
top a dizzy height. Through the
open lattice work you can see the
country far below, as you ascend at
the rate of twenty inches per second.
There are also stairways in the lattice
work to the first gallery. These run
from side to side, but the stairs to the
second gallery are more circular, and
from the second stage to the top shey
consist of simple small iron steps
round and round one of the inside
pillars of the square which forms the
tower at the top. It costs two francs
(forty cents) to ascend to the first
gallery, either on foot or in the eleva
tors, and another franc is charged for
the second landing, with other fees to
go to the lop.
Of course the plans for this great
work all had to be made before even
the foundations were commenced.
The design of every piece of iron and
of every bolt, and all the joints, was
perfected before a stone was laid.
There are over 12,000 pieces of iron
in the structure, and to rivet them to-
crfitri
-- yktuio uau aj tXJ xuauo Ul&k
these holes would all come together
properly, so that the rivets would fit
and the whole be safe and strong. In-
deed, it took 2,500 sheets of drawings -showing
how the pieces were put to
gether, besides-500 designs by engi
neers, to give correctness to the struc
ture in its conception, and to guide in
its erection. It cost about $1,3000,-
000 ft. is Vmilr.
Mars, near the river Seine, and is the :
central figure in the erreat centennial
w '
exhibition that the French nation has
now in progress. A company of cap
italists paid for the structure and own
t.bfl tnWPT Vinvirwr Vidoti ontran Vir Pavio
the free use of the land on which it,
stands for twenty years. At the end
of that time the tower is to bficomft
the property of the city without pay
ment. But it is probable that long
before then the money., received for
admission fees to the tower will pay
for its cost several times over. At
niffht the tower is brilliant! v illnmin.
ated by gas and electricity, and from
the top a revolving electric light
throws its powerful rays all over the
great city and far into the surround
ing country. The vast array of foun
tains on the Exhibition grounds, illu
minated with varying colors also re
flect the bright rays of the highest
lamp in the world, and with the back
ground of the highly-gilded and artistically-designed
fair buildings, form
an evening picture never before
equalled for brilliancy, extent and
harmonious effect. American Agricul
turist GOOD WORK IN ALABAMA.
A staff correspondent of the Atlanta
Constitution gives an interesting ac
count of the successful work of the
Alabama Agricultural' College at
Auburn in that State. In 1882 there
were but two students taking the
agricultural course in the college.
Now there are 104 exclusively agri
cultural students. Great interest is
evinced everywhere in the experi
ments of the station, and the horticul
tural results are, perhaps, equal to
thos-e of any institution in the Union.
The d. ily department, while not large,
is very complete. The agricultural farm
is used as a laboratory to impress the
college lectures upon the students,
who .have to work twelve hours a
week in the field and pass nine hours
in the lecture-room. It has now come
that boys who have the prospect of
owning farms make it a point to pass
a course in college in order to fit
themselves for it. Nine-tenths of the
graduates follow the profession for
which they were educated, and many
nf t.hfVm Vl.V tVina aalv attai'na
cess. In still another way the ex
psrimental stations are made, useful
to the taxpayers. At least every
farmer in the State spends his vaca
tion days in visiting the farm, where
he informs himself on points of doubt
and TAfrpft IPfirma whih Anah a him f
work more satisfactorily at home.
Hundreds of farmers by a visit to the
station have become thoroughly versed
in the manufacture of home-made
fertilizers. News and Courier.
Sir Walter Raleigh one day asked
a favor of Queen Elizabeth, who said
unto him: "Raleigh, when will you
leave off begging ?" To which he re
plied. "WIkh your Majesty leaves
off giving."
-
Julep is from -the Spanish julepe,
from the Persian julap, a form'Xf
gulab, rose water.