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4 V THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 0? OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER COHSIDE RATIO IS 0? STATfc POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, FEBBUARY 24, 1891 6 "A." jT - i J 9 V S 1 I ji s LI- president L. L. Polk, Norttio xo liaa. Address, 344 D. St., IS". vV, Washington, D. C. Vue President B. H. Clover, Cam brid 'f- Kansas. St-jvtii'7-Treasurer J. H. Turner, GeoT 'ia- Address, 239 North Capitol St., W., Washington, D. C. jLjctm-er--J. Willetts, Kansas. EXECUTIVE BOARD. C. W. Macune, Washington, D. C. Alorszo Wardall, Huron, South Da frota. J.F.Tillman, Palmetto, Tennessee. , JUDICIARY. R. 0. Patty, Macon, Miss. Isaac McCracken, Ozone, Ark. A. T.. Cole, Fowlerville, Mich. r NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. The Presidents of all the State organ izations with L. L. Polk Ex-officio Chairman. NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALL! ANCE. President Elias Carr, Old Sparta, Vice-President A. H. Hayes, Bird- &iwn, M G. Secretary E. C. Beddingfield, Ral- eiffh, N. C. Treasurer J. D. xYllen, Falls, N. C. Lecturer Tlios. B. Long, Asheville, N. C. Assisnt Lecturer R. B. Hunter, Hunters ville, N. C. Chaplain S. J. Veach, Warsaw, N. C. Door-Keeper W. H. Tomlinson, Fayetteville, N. C. Assistant Door-Keeper H. E. King, Peanut, N. G. Sergeant-at-Arms J. S. Holt, Chalk 1 Level, N. C. State Business Agent W. H. Worth, jBaleigh, N. C. Trustee Business Agency Fund W. A. Grahaiii, Machpelah, N. C. . EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH 1 CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. S. B, Alexander, Charlotte, N. C, Chairman; J. M. Mewborne, Kinstisn, : N. C.; -L S. Johnston, Ruffin, N. C. STATE ALLIANCE LEGISLATIVE COMMIT .'EE. R. J. Powell, Raleigh, N. C; C. English, Trinity College ; J. J. V hng, Polenta; H. A. Forney, Newton. EDITORIAL NOTES. In a private note from President Polk to the editor comes the welcome -news that the two farmers' organiza .1 tions of Arkansas were consolidated, as a result of the visit of the National ; President to that State. The procla jmation of President Polk has been issued for the organization of the State Alliance of Iowa. So the good work goes bravely on. Let it proceed; and j in 1892 we will show the ancient op I pressors of the patient sons of toil a ) thing or two certain. j If thinking men wTill sit down and : ask themselves the question, Who are j the men that oppose the free coinage I of silver? they will find that they are . without, exception the men who have stolen the wealth of the country in the I name of the public credit, and a few , men and newspapers whom they own ' soul and, body. The motive which moves them to express a most rancor ous and bitter hatred of silver money is the fear that any increase of the circulation will lessen the value of ! their , stolen swag, and so loosen in some degree their bandit grasp upon the financial windpipes of the people Some causes should perish by the very meanness of those who uphold them ; ana 4tms gold standard cause is one ; such cause.- -Any one knows that these men are not to be trusted upon any 1 questions of financial reform. For no rneasure will suit them that compels - them to be honest men and earn their livings by useful labor, as other men uo. General William Tecumseh Sher man died at his residence in New York city pn Saturday, the 14th inst., at 1 :50 Vclock p. m. General Sherman was lorn at Lancaster, Ohio, February 8th, ?G. Ho was educated at West Point, aaduating in 1840. He was coinmis sored Second Lieutenant in the Third J Itillery. He continued in the army until 1S.33 winning distinction for raomorious services to his country. 'ter his resignation from the army .nt into the business of banking f tl the breaking out of the war be en the States, in 1861. He then 1 -.vi his services to the authorities Ellington, and was appointed "T of the 13th Infantrv. His ent career is unhappily but i known to the people of the !' need nnv rfonrifnlcifi V j A 1 tiU s t: iie- As a military man General var? was entitled to take high -V 1 ' 1 continued to indulge a very je'ing against the people the NA'UfcNAL, FARMERS' H NCE AND INDUSTRIA1 UNION. I South ; and only a few years ago he j took occasion to give expression to this bitterness in one or more articles in the North American Review. While our Southern people have no special reason to regard General Sherman with feelings of affection, it is hoped and believed that they will do justice to his great talents as a military com mander. Let no one be deceived by the propo sition now before Congress to replace the bonds now about to fall due by new issues to bear the low rate of 2 per centum. There is nothing in this proposition but a wish upon the part of the sharpers of finance to perpetuate the national debt as a basis for the con tinuance of the unjust features of the present banking system, and thus give to them and their friends a lengthening of opportunity to manipulate the public money for their own private gain. Let the bonds now falling due be retired as fast as the Treasury shall find it possi ble to pay them olf and cancel them. There is no one, not desirous of having an opportunity to steal something from the people, who believes that a nation al debt is anything but a national curse. Let the debt be wiped out as soon as possible, and let an end be put to the opportunity these sharks and ghouls now have of juggling with the public credit to the undoing of the people. Let no one be deceived by this Judas-like seeming of affection for the financial health of the country. The first page of a recent number of the Rural New-Yorker is taken up with a set of wood cuts, which that paper calls "Actual scenes in free negro farming at the South." In one of these pictures some negro chil dren are set out in absolute nakedness, plus the remains of what Robbie Burns would have called cutty sarks. This page of wood cuts shocks and pains us beyond our power to express it. Who would have thought that a paper, printed in the virtuous and loyal city of New York, would be so lost to all the tender feelings of brother hood betwixt the white and the negro .race-, to print wood cuts 4- cf negro children dressed only in shirts? And then, what editor of the New-YorTcer thinking of when he wrote "Free Negro Farming?" fractional could the have been the words Did he not know that men of all colors, and of no particular colors, in this country, were as free as the air we breathe? The very mules hi the pictures we refer to, seem to us to wear airs of sadness and dejection at the thought that a man on the other side of Mason and Dixon's line could be so thoughtless as to associate their toiling and uncomplaining respectability writh partially very partially clothed chil dren of Ham. We assure the New Yorker that negroes in the South have established a reputation for industry, and have shown capacities of manhood that entitle them to something better than caricaturing wood-cuts. Isn't it funny that an old rebel should be call ing a New York editor to task for mak ing disrespectful pictures of, and writ ing disrespectful head lines about, the colored people of the South? That the New Yorker should have done this is simply too bad ! too bad ! . . We think the attack made upon Mr. E. C. Beddingfield in the House of Commons the other day was uncalled for and unfair. Where is the harm of Mr. Beddingfield getting from the rail road the lowest rate of fare given to any citizen of his neighborhood ? There were some young men Mr. Beddingfields neighbors who had commutation tickets betwixt Mill Brook and Raleigh at reduced rates, and Mr. Beddingfield asked for, and abtained, the same rate for himself that had been accorded to his neigh bors. We ask again, where was the harm or dishonor of this transaction. Has not any man the right to secure the lowest rate of travel that a rail road will accord to him ? Is it not his duty to himself and to his family to secure the lowest rate of passenger fare that the management of a railroad will give him ? Did Mr. Beddingfield conceal any fact, or make any mis representation to obtain the reduced fare ? Does the exercise of the right to buy railroail fares at the lowrest rate at which they are sold disqualify Mr. Beddingfie4d for the position of Railroad Coirjmissioner? Is there a man before t&is Legislature for the position of Railroad Commissioner who ever bought railway fares at a higher rate, when he could get them at a lower one ? If all these questions must be answered in the negative as they surely must then the attack we have referred to is unfair. We are much mistaken in the metal of the men in thi legislature, if this attack does not g a long way to secure Mr. Beddingfield the position of Railroad Commissi to-npra tn our opinion Mr. Beddinsrfield should be loved for the enemierfhe has made in this matters. r 1 WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. Its Origin. Two centuriess ago there were Bap tists and Baptist churches in North Carolina, but they were weak and without organization. This want of organization was recognized, and at tempts were made to remedy the evil, but with only partial success, till in 1830 a few heroic men met in the town of Greenville and organized the Bap tist State Convention. Among these men were Samuel Wait, a young New Englander, who had for a few years been pastor of the Baptist church in Newberne. He was appointed agent of the Convention to visit the churches. These travels deepened the impression on his mind that the Baptist greatly needed an institution of learning. Others were considering the same mat ter, and in 1832 the Convention re solved to establist a Manual Labor School. A location was selected, a farm was bought, and the Trustees be gan to look for a Principal. All eyes turned to Dr. Wait and he was elected, and in 1834 he opened Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute. The farm of 600 acres, including the present prop- j erty of the College and adjoining lands, was to be the gymnasium, where each student was to work so many hours each day for purposes of health. He was paid for his labor by the hour, and this to a limited extent diminished his expenses. ITS STRUGGLES. Thus, without endowment, without suitable buildings, without equipment, without a prepared constituency, with out assistance, this good man laid the foundation of this College. The Trustees applied to the Legisla ture for a charter, and charter was proposed, allowing the institution to lk 20 years, to hold only $50,000 worth' of property and endowment, and requiring taxes on all its real es tate. This cho .-ter with such meagre privileges passed the House of Com mons, but in the Senate such opposition was developed that the vote was a tie, , and the charter was given only by the casting vote of the President, Wm. D. Mosely. The manual labor feature did not work well, and four years later it was abandoned and the charter was amend ed so as to remove these restrictions, and the institution became Wake For-, est College. With varying success the College went on its way for 25 years, making itself felt among the Baptists and in the State. A large brick build ing was erected, then sufficient for the demands of the patronage, which is now the centre bunding, used for dor mitories and gymnasium. Efforts were made to raise an endowment, and about $50,000 was secured, and the number of students reached nearly one hundred. Then came the war, and the students went to the battle field, and the endowment went in the wreck of all our Southern prosperity. Scarcely had the smoke of battle cleared away, when with wonderful faith and heroism, the doors of the College were again opened. Many came who had spent in the army what ought to have been their school life, and with limited preparation and still more limited means they struggled through College. The few Professors then needed toiled on with small sal aries promised, whose payment was long deferred, sacrificing for the cause of Christian education. ITS ENDOWMENT. Before reconstruction was over, the friends of Wako Forest began to take steps to raise an endowment in place of that which was lost by the war. The one building remained and a few shares of railroad stock, which sold for $7,000 or $8,000. With this as a nu cleus, various efforts were made to give the College something like the support it neeeded and deserved. Through the financial straits of those years progress was made, and each year saw the invested fund a little lar ger than the preceeding. Rev. James S. Purefoy, so long the devoted friend of the College, went north at his own expense, and after weeks of toil he brought back $10,000 for this purpose. With varying success alternating with many discouragements and seeming failures, the closing hours of 1883 saw $100,000 in the Treasurer's hands for endowment. Not long afterwards Mr. J. A. Bostwick, of New York, added $50,000, and some smaller amounts have been added since. But the wants of the College has en larged even faster than the endow ment. Twenty years ago $150,000 D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College would have seemed a magnificent en dowment for the struggling College. Now it fails to meet the demands of its enlarged sphere of usefulness. To help the College up to its present po-' ?ition, the endowment must be m- reased. But the spirit of the times 1 iemands contant and steady advance ment. To meet- this demand there must be enlargement, and the noble j friend of the institution has offered to join in the advancement. Mr. Bost wick proposes to give $25,000 if the friends of the College elsewhere will give $50,000, or smaller amounts in like proportion. Dr. Taylor is now in the field to raise the $50,000 by the ' first of March, when the offer closes. There is good ground for hope that the movement will succeed and the endow ment will be brought nearly to a quar ter of a million. This will enable the College to enlarge its work and keep abreast of the educational spirit of the times for a few years, that other in terests may for a while have the right of wray to the benevolence of the Bap i ist people. ITS EQUIPMENT. For many years the one building now used for dormitories, was suffici ent. But soon after the war the need of other buildings became imperative. In this crisis two liberal men of Ral eigh came to the rescue, and the Li brary Building was erected in 1878 by Messrs Jolm G. Williams and J. M. Heck. It contains, besides two large recitation rooms, the Library of more than ten thousand volumes, admirably classified and arranged; the Reading oom where the leading newspapers and magazines are found, and where the students may spend a profitable hour every day acquainting them selves with the best periodical litera ture of the world ; the Society Hall, elegantly funished, where are centered many of the fondest memories of every ld student of Wake Forest, and where is obtained much of the training which makes Wake Forest men so influential iii hj pulpit, at the bar. on the hust ings, in the editorial chair, as well as in the more quiet walks of life. About the same time the friends of Dr. W. M. Wingate, so long the Presi dent, by thousands of small contribu tions, erected the Wingate Memorial Building, the upper story of wnich is occupied by Memorial Hall, and the lower story by a small chapel and rece tation rooms. Two or three vears aero a fourth building, the Laboratory, was erected. This contains the President's office, Lecture Rooms for the Professors of Chemistry and Natural History, and well arrayed and equipped Laborato ries' these two departments. The apparatus and equipments for these Laboratories are modern and extensive and afford facilities for first-class work in Chemistry and Natural History. The Gymnasium is in the centre building, is furnished in the latest and most approved appliances for physical culture and is open all day, and every student spends a longer or shorter time every day in the use of these ap pliances for the development of the body. A fifth building is needed and looked for at an early day. The museum of specimens in the various departments of Natural History has not sufficient room for its proper exhibition, and as other specimens are added every vear, the need becomes greater. Ad ditional apparatus for the Department of Physics is also in contemplation. Half the money needed to build an Infirmary where the occasional sick among the students may be properly cared for, is already in hand, and as soon as the remainder is provided, the building wall be erected. METHODS OF WORK. In the early history of the College the old curriculum was adheared to, giving four classes in the course, Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior, and allowing no variations for differences of inclination, aptitude, or plans of future life. Just before the war the Elective System became very popular in the South, introduced by the University of Virginia, and adopted by the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Furman University, and perhaps other schools. Some of the Trustees and Faculty were anxious to see this system introduced at Wake Forest, but before their plans could be carried into execution, the war came and the work of the College was suspended. When work was resumed after the war, the Elective System was adopted and has been in operation ever since. There is no real division of the students into the classes as under the old curriculum. Sometimes the students who hoped to take a degree at any particular time organize them selves into a class and sometimes they call themselves by the names used un der the old system, but .this class is never found as a whole in any recita tion room. Tha course of study is divided into ten "schools," each of which is distinct from the others. Each student takes such of these schools as his prepara tion, inclination, and plans of life ren der most appropriate, and he takes thervm such order as his circum stances seem to dictate. Some mem ber of the Faculty is constituted the adviser of each student, and the stu dent consults with his adviser as to the schools which it will be best for him to take and which he would best take first. Sometimes it happens that in the same class will be found students who are in the last year of the course, and others who are just beginning. Sometimes a student who has special aptitude for mathematics will be fin ishing that school, when he is just be ginning that of Latin or Greek, or vice versa. In the class-room the methods of in struction are those best approved, rather than those often called most improved. A method is not rejected and disused because it is old, nor is it adopted because it is new. But by se lecting that from the old which has been approved by experience, and adopting from the new only what has been similarly approved, it is attempt ed to give to each student the most thorough mental culture possible for his cast of mind and under his peculiar circumstrnces. Patient and persistent drill on the details of the subject taught in the text-book, familiar lec ture and explanation of the matter of the lesson, more formal lecture on kin dred matters not contained in the text book, parallel reading, illustration, ex periment, original investigation and research, all txc-brought iuto rcquisij tion to aid in securing this training. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION. Only two degrees are now offered to students, Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts. But to one who desires the first of these degrees, there is offered a choice from six different courses. Each course comprehends about four year's study with 15 to 17 recitations per week, making the number about 65 for the whole course. One whose bent of mind and chosen profession lead him to desire extended linguistic study may take 42 of the 65 in the va rious schools of ancient and modern languages. Or he may take a course which involves only 24 in languages, always including English. He may take the whole course in Pure Mathe matics, the relative number of which is 13, or he may take a shorter course amounting to 10. The school of Moral Phyilosophy is included in every course, and half that of Political Sci ence. In the schools of the Natural Science various combinations may be made, according as one science or an other is likely to be practical to the student, and the numbers may range from 12 to 25. Nor is it meant that the student must have simply attended the lectures of the Professors accasion ally or regularly in these various schools, but he must be able to show by rigid written examinations that he has obtained reasonable mastery of the subject taught. The requirements for the degree of Master of Arts involve about one fourth more work in addition to that required for Bachelor of Arts. ITS ALUMNI. During the half century of the ex istence of the College many have taken the full course and are making them selves felt in many ways over a w ide territory. Many others have lacked only a year or so of finishing the course, and so have taken no degree, but the training they have received has made them men of influence in the commu nities in which they live. All over North Carolina are found these men who have gone out from Wake Forest College. Some are lawyers, standing in the very forefront of their profes sion, useful, honorable men, showing by tEeir lives the mistake of those who say that a lawyer can not be a Chris tian. Some are filling public offices, at the State Capitol, or in their own counties, everywhere discharging faithfully the duties required of them. Some are physicians, -going to the homes of suffering and doing all tha$ human ski1! and human learning can do to heal the sick and alleviate suffer ing. Many are teachers, in college and academy and high school, in town, in village, m hamlet, in remote country neighborhoods, using their mental culture to elevate the standard of edu cation and morality in their native State. Many are in tha pulpit, filling the prominent pastorates of the State and growing daily in the affections of the people, serving the country churches and developing them in the graces that go to make up full-grown Chris tians, occupying the hard mission fields, on meagre salaries, working for their Master, and making sacrifices not surpassed by those of the foreign missionary. And then there are hun dreds who had received more or less training at Wako Forest, in the more quiet walks of fife, exerting an influ ence in favor of education and moral ity that does credit to the institution from which they have gone forth. Besides those who are at work in North Carolina, there are said to be graduates of Wake Foresi in two thirds of the States of the Union. From certain sections of South Carolina there have been many students at Wake Forest, and these have gone back to their native State and are leaders of thought and work, besides many who have been raised in North Carolina, and after finishing their col lege course, have gone across the line into our sister State. Not in such large numbers, but everywhere promi nent and influential, they are scattered over many other States. Superinten dent of an asylum in Texas, of an insti tution for deaf-mutes in Colorado, pro fessor in a college in Missouri, presi dent of a college in Txas, editor of a denominational paper in Tennessee, teacher in Dakota, pastors in Connecti cut, Brooklyn, New York, Baltimore, Virginia, in the Southwest, in the Mis sissippi valley, in Idaho, in Montana, in California, in Oregon, in Washing ton, Wake Forest men are occupying no mean place in the work of develop ing the wonderful resources cf our own and other States. Nor have the beneficent influences of the College and the labor of its Alumni been confined even to America. One of its earliest students was Matthew T. Yates. During his college course he decided to give himself to the work of foreign missions, and for more than 40 years he held up the light of the Gos pel on the shores of China, during his later years, pronounced , by a compe tent judge, who had seen most of tne missionaries of the present century, the greatest missionary he ever knew, physically, mentally, and spiritually the greatest man in China. Emulating his noble example, others in recent years have gone from these walls to take up the work as he laid it down, and five are now in China and one in Africa, while others are expect ing to go at an early day. THE PRESENT SESSION Has witnessed the enrollment of 200 students during the Fall Term. They are a band of young men as earnest, faithful, quiet, and studious as you will find. More than usual they are devoting themselves to the work before them, and large success is crowning their labors. Uhe Spring Term will open January 15, when several others are expected to enter. THE OUTLOOK. The past history of the College gives its friends reason for congratulation and devout thankfulness. The future is bright with promises. All the signs point to advancement. The present movement will add largely to the en dowment. Other needed buildings will soon follow. Other schools will be added to the course of study, other professors added to the faculty. The number of students will steadily in crease. The opening of the next ecjc tury may see more thii half 'a, ctozen buildings, twenty -five professors jn the faculty, half a thousand student. en rolled, and half a million dollars in tthe endowment fund. Thus Wake Fo College, the hope of its founders, t pride of itfriends in later years, wil go on blessing humanity and glorifying God through the years and the cen turies till the end of time. G. This office is under obligations to Secretary Rusk for valuable public documents. Uncle Jerry seems to be crenuine "hayseeder." There is no uncertain ring in anything he says upon the subject of practical agricul ture. Ol life Ik mm mm t w j
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 24, 1891, edition 1
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