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X FilMEfi. THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY Vol. 7. RALEIGH, N. 0., MARCH 22, 1892. No. 6 . rO - r. s NATIONAL FARMERS' AL ance and industrial UNION. i,t LL. Polk, North Caro teJC Atlantic Building, F :luaV Vr ashington, D. C. VicoPredent-U. L. Loucks, Huron, thtarv-Tnasurer-J. U. Tumor ,fS iddU, 239 North Capitol fV Washington. D. C. LVcturer-J. U. Villetts, Kansas. EXECUTIVE BOARD. . W Maeune. Washington, D C. Vl;vnzo Wardalh Huron, South Da- Tillman, Palmetto, Tennessee. jt-diciaky. s Cole, Mich'gan, h' V7 Beck, Alabama. D. Davie, Kentucky, s-xtional legislative committee. f J P-.Ik, hrtirman. C V Macune, Washington, D. C. tf ami Page, Brandon Va. L. P. Featherstone, Forest City, Ar- RaUF. Gwinn, White, Tennessee. , rKOLiSA farmers' state alli ance. i 'resident Marion Butlor, Clinton, ' Vleo President T. B. Long, Ashe lWeuur -Treasurer W. S. Barnes, Lurer-J. S. Bell, Brasstown, N.C. steward -C. C. Wright. Glass V C. Chaplain-Rev. E. lope, Chalk !,evel. N. C. r , .. Door -Keeper W. EL Tomlmson. 'avetU'Ville, N. 0. Assistant , Door-Keeper CI. K Ling. ''Tgeiuit-at-Arms J . S. Holt, Chalk v-v.f N. C. State Business Agent W. H. Worth. ialeigh, N. C. Trustee Busings Agency I und W . i Graham. Machpelah, N. C. XEOUTIV COMMITTBH OF THE NORTH WKOLKIA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. - B Alexander, Charlotte. N. C, Chairman; J. M. Mewbome, Kinston, C. ; J. 3. Johnston, Ruftin, N. C. TATS ALUA5CI JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. Elias Carr. A. Leaser, N. M. Cul Ireth, M. G. Gregory, V, m. C. Connell. TATE ALLIANCE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE. II. J. Powell, Raleigh, N. C. ; N. C. English, Triaity College: J. J. iUDS Polenta; II A. Forney, Newton, N. C. fJorth Carolina Reform Press Association. OS-J. L: Ramsey, President j Marion But'er, Vice-President ; U . S. Harris, Secretary, PAPERS. rocTtsive Firmer, State Organ, Raleigh, N. C. CauosMan Clinton, N. . The Working nan's Heller, Pinnacle, C. Watchman, SHn "wr5; r ?annrs' Advocate. AHrh' v S' Mountain Home Journal, Asheyil ie, . c. Allure Sntiael, , Goldslioro, . J - Oouitry Life. Trinity C ollege. N. C . Mercury. Hdc v" Agrif-uVtural R-e, ,Ui,1sb1V, Y" Oolumbuj SV, kly News, N' hiteville, N. . ITaci of the above-named papers are requested to keep the list standing on the first pwj. and add others, provided they are duly elected. Any paper fail ing to adrwtite the Ocala platform will he dropped from the list promptly. Our people t"ia now see what papers are published in their interest. DOES MONEY NEED A RE DEEMER? Do We Need an Entire Convertable Bond?--The Volume Fixes Pricest- Gold is a Poor Standard to Meas ure Values Why Compete - With Paupered Laborers of Other Countries to Get Gold? Mr. Editor: Does money need a dK-mer? Why redeem one kind of fmy with another? t What is lie true function of money? , ijetieA" At-yci.Mted to exchange values, ' pay debts and tax. It has no other -function I- a nation needs fifty dol lars per. cap? h this year, it will ne d it Inext year. H we need it next year, y'why keep aaotner kind of money on hand to redeem it and tax ourselves to ! . ... w.. i . l 1 get tnis moDey ? me people, mrouu Trn otpss tins th nmvpr to coin money Dut it into circulation. Af tr it is put riff nlation and absorbed in the ch nfi s or tracif. i snouiu rriuaiu there n' t this a government of the peopl peopl yy tne people, ana lor me I . government the will of the peopleV 'orjssed at the ballot box? The lil of the oeoole receives this :'monov if til dues of the citizens to the kovK I fient, and the government of .the w&J-- Puts this money into cir :u tion aain by paymg its oouga - xhiJ m0! ev is cmjulated and , - irm.-s b circulate, performing all - i jnctiot of money. Why tax the V jle to jj't another kind of money to V em thi-lmoney created by the peo I . Can i,n.vo,H pivea reason why , t.i., . houi't issue one Kina or ihonlvl issue one into circulation, then to get a scarce kind of com into m iney, Jock iA to rpdeem the other itup ad rr(h tt;ious metal? Vina in iin FHvuible to redeem three dollars of oneJT kiffwpnct the red kind? Doerthyoneeit add t emp to the r take LnlaCfl? f)iVIf .-nov to Irvlr up the sec; fnd kind and nft the first ith the last? Everybody krtm three the government cannot redejromises I are childish and deficient in good com mon horse sense. Again we ask, why redeem the first with the second, when ve all know the firft is more convenient than the sec ond, and we will need it today, -.o morrow and next year, and ad in ymtfim Gold bug? "We want a etan dard of uniform value, and this gold possesses it." Is gold a uniform standard to meas ure values? If so, other things being equal, a gold standard should measure the same amount of produce from time to time Does it do this? Does not this gold standard measure twice as much of the necessaries and luxuries of life as it did in 1865? Will anyone dispute this? Suppose we have five hundrd million dollars in gold and we supple ment this with one billion of paper money. The business of the country would adjust iteelf to this volume of money, buppose we withdraw the one thousand millions of paper money and leave only the five hundred mil millions of gold in circulation. What would be the effect on the country? It would shrink all values 66 per cent, and precipitate a panic and bring ruin to every industry. What becomes of your uniform measure of values? Don't you fcee the volume of money per capita in circula tu.n , fixes, the "standard to measure value? If you decrease the volume of your standard, you increase its pur--basing power. If you increase the volume, you decrease the pure has ing power of this money. Don't you sfe that if you have a uniform volume of money, you have uuiform measure of values? Values will only fluctuate s the demand and supply increases or decreases. As the volume of money fixes prices, it follows that the best standard to measure values is a uniform volume of money. The best material to make this siandtrd out of is the one that can be kept uniform in volume. Will any on1 contend that we can have a uniform volume of gold or gold and silver? Are they not subject to export and import? Every panic previous to ISGj resulted fri.m the export of specie. We chal lenge the world to dispute this You can get all the money put upon this you want. Does the worid furnish a single example or" a nation maintaining a uniform volume of the precious metals? We -vill pay five hundred dollars to the first goldite who will refer us to the fact. There is not near enough prtcious metals to go around. Some nations are suspended. When another gets enough to resume, another suspends specie payment. There is not a nntion that has enough to transact its internal cfmnierce without supplementing trie precious metals with paper. It the civilized nations were to retire all their paper .v.oney, v;dues would shrink two thirds and universal b uikruptcy would prevail. To continue this would force back civilization to barbarism. The precious metals would furnish barely eiK.ugh to make the exchanges of nations emerging from barbarism. Why tax ourselves to secure the precious metals, lock them up and issue impossible promise to pay w hen the volume of money determines prices and not the material out of which it is made? Why take the people's money out of circulation when the necesities of the people demand its immediate restorage to circulation? Why tax ourselves to get gold to resume like we did in 1875? During these four years two million men were thrown out of employment; at one dollar per dav they would have added to the wealth of the country two billion and four hundred million dollars. Our best business men lost one thousand millions of dollars. Business was prostrated for four years and crime and poverty inci eased. Why force ourselves to compete with the paupered labor or India and Russia for English gold? What did we secure more than a bar ren ideality? What sense was there in indicting the immense loss of three billions and four hundred millions of dollars to secure the paltry suai of one hundred millions of English gold, to go through the idiotic farce of gold re demotion? Why tax ourselves to get one kind of money we do not need to redeem another kind we do need? Why bring upon ourselves so much loss and misery? Out of this resumption act, which was a bear movement, the gamblers and spculators robbed the people of hundreds of millions of dol lars Was this act done by the people? It was inaugurated and carried out by the money devil, while the North and -,he South were fighting the war over. This has never been a government of the people, by the people and for the people, only in theory. The financial system of this and all other countries is in the interest oc the money devil. Do we need any kind of a redeemer for money put into circulation? If so, why? t'au any one give a reason? For a long time we have been asking this question, and receive no answer. No answer can be given that cannot be ex ploded before a jury of twelve business men. Do we need an inter convertable bond to absorb money from the channels o' trade? Of what benefit would this bond be to the industrial class? Can any on - give one reason? We will sup pose we have a full volume of money ($50 per capita), and with this volume the increase of wealth is 5 percent, an nually . When it paid better to invest in pro duction, the money would go into the channels of trade. When it did not pay 5 per cent., the money would be exchanged for a 5 per cent, inter-con-vertable bond. Why tax the industrial class to pay the rich capitalist for his money locked up, while he is looking for profitable investment? The com mon people, with a few dollars in their pockets, would let it remain there until they needed the necessaries of life. Why have a bond at all? The rich will take advantage of it and make labor pay tribute for money hoarded up. If you have a bond, the tendency will be to invest in a non taxable bond when no risks are run. They can do thi3 on assessment day and escape taxation. The Supreme Court has deci led that Congress cannot tax the bondholders' bonds. Leave the money in the pockets of the people and they will study some plan by which they can profitably in vest it. Put it into a bond and they would not think of any plan. The money had better be producing 2 per cent, than taxing our industries 5 per cent. Why convert the sij?n of the substance into an interest bearing bond? If it i3 right, why not convert the substance into an interest-bearing bond until it can be disposed of I have a hundred bushels of wheat and exchange it for one hundred dollars. The hundrel dollars I convert into an interest bearing bond until such time as I want to use it. Why not allow you to convert your hundred bushels of wheat into an in terest bear in e: bond until you wanted to ufe it? Why should the sign of the substance be given an advantage over the substance? Can anyone tell ? Why should I be paid 5 per cent, on a hundred thousand dollars, while the farmers and factories have millions of dollars of the substance they musthId until such time as they can sell, and receive no interest on the products of their labor? Which is the most valu able, the substance or the sign of the substance? We have create i money to assist in making our exchanr?. WTiy attach so much more importance to th sign the convenience than we attach to the substance? It is the sub stance we waut. We cannot eat. drink or wear the sign. We would nev-T want the sign if we could have the substance. " We want a flexible money." Well, what is the matter with fc.'O per capita? If .it will transact tae business of the country during the busy time of the year, will it not flx in your p ckets as well a if convert1:' into an interest bearing bond ? Can't you get the money just as readily out of your pocket as out of a government bank? Won t the money you do not neei to use for the tim being, in your pock-ts, contract jut as readily as if you put it into a bond and Uncle Sam locked it up until you needed it With the Sub-Treasury, sales will be rn S" av there is r. demand, and as the -if; the same demand at all times of the year, there will be the aims demand for money; hence, we will not need a flexible curreuc. . Why have a re deemer for any kind of money? In this age of concentration of capital, when individual -j and corporations control their hundre isof millions, and in the near future will control their billions, what is to hinder them from exchanging their wedth for money mid converting the money into bonds, and bring about a contraction and shrinkage of values? When they had brought about a shrinkage of values by converting hundreds of millions of dollars into bonds, then exchange tbem for money, load up and when the money they had hoarded up we at into circulation, prices would advance, then sell out and repeat this process over and over? This redemption business is a huge buzz saw, and every nation that has monkeyed with it in ancient or modern times has been ru .ned. The theory of redeeming money is a fraud, and was concocted by selfish a ad sor did men to enable them to rob the bee hive of industry . Leave money free to circulate when there is a demand for it the same as you would leave your produce to sell when there is a demand tor it. Money must be robbed of its power to oppress. This redemption business has robbed the industrial class of billions of dollars annually ever since it was invented. Making gold the standard in this country and contracting ten billion of dollars in debts, payab e in this standard, has created a demand for gold that its purchasing power has been doubled since 1S65. and at any time the creditor class can get together, 83t a time an I again double or treble the value of gold. Wh-it is to preveut them from doing this? The creditor clijss hold the debtor class notes and the gold, and they can demand any premium for thir gold? Will anyone dispute this? Why perpetuate a sj s tern that was invented to rob by rob bers and supported and upheld by rob bers? The promise to pay in gold the enormous debt held by the creditor class is intended to create a demand for a metal that is scarce and con trolled exclusively by the debtor class. Gold was created a standard of values by the creditor class be ause it is scirce and will measure more of the products of la aor. We cannot have a uniform volume of money or a uniform standard to measure values unless we make all of our domestic money out of pap ir. Paper will not contract or inflate. It is not subject to export. Convert gold and silver into bricks to pay ballance of trade or to exchange with foreigners for such things as we want. "If the balance of trade is against us, one hun dred millions it would not disturb the volume of money and our standard to measure values would remain uniform. We would not have a panic even though we exported all our precious metah We would then buy less of foreigners. Will anyone show how it is possible to have a panic with a full volume of money not subject to con traction? Make our domestic money full legal tender Unned States notrs and in sufficient volume to do our busi ness cn a cash basis, abolish the credit system and all money holders and t ae creditor class will invest th lir money in production and become a portion of the producing class, and this till remove the existing amagon sra, estab lish postal saving oanks or deposits where all depositors will be guaranteed against all loss and we will have no panics and financial revolutions The country will be prosperous, our bust ness men will only have to study the law of demand and supply; they can spread their sails to their full extent without fear of being ove awaken by tinanci U storms. There wdl be nine vy five less f lures where ;rrre is now one hundred. Give ua this system and we ill have prosperity with a prohibi tive tariff or a tariff for revenue only. Rader, study this ar icle well. It is the result of years of impartial study. Wo have gone where truth bid us go. Educational bia we have discarded. These conclusions are diametrically opposed to any financial interest. ruth is mighty and will prevail. No one should permit his financial interest to stand in the way of the emancipa tion of tae industrial " class. This farmers' movement is a moral issue, and in is last analysis is a religious movement. There cannot be any great advancement in morals or religion un til the money powe is overthrown Destroy the mouy devil and all re forma will become esy. No reform can b brought about until there is a union of all the best elements Xorth, South. East and West. The aim of the opposing force is to keep you divided. As long as you are divided you will be a victim of the power that has d utroyed very jireat nation. Cut loose from all parties. Our allegiance, to principle and principles alone. Vote as you pray. Don't talk and pry for one thing and rat your ballot for an othsr. The politicians have deceived and wheedeled you into voting sgainst your interest several times. They be iive they can do it agftin If the poli ticians tadieved you meant business, they would be wiih you. If 3 ou are saved, you must save yourself. Be firm, be true to y our cause Jamks Mukdock. The Progressive Farmer from April 1st to Nov. 15th fOr 50 CentS. Mat up yoyrClutw. RESOLUTIONS BY FRANKLIN COUNTY. Mk xCoj aoh : We, th County Alli ance in convention assembled at Youngsville, Franklin county, N. C, knowing that there is reat distress in our country from short crops and various other causes, therefore we adopt the following resolutions, ear nestly dasiring that they shall be car ried into practice by both State and county and subordinate lodges of our Order: Itesolved, That twenty cents per year be a tax levied on every member of the Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union throughout the State, to be paid quarterly, as a relief fund for the good of the Oroer. 2. That the funds so raised shall be sut to and disbursed by the Presidents of the State and subordinate lodges, or by a committee appointed by them for the different objects of relief of our brethren. 3. That the funds so raided shall be known as the relief fund and shall not be used for any other purpose. 4. That the secretary of this conven tion shall send a copy of these resolu tions to The Progressive Farmer for publication, and to the State President for the adoption of the some at the State Convention, earnestly desiring that our worthy President shall request their adoption at the State Convention and request the execution of these resolutions through the subordinate lodges. 5. That we are by these resolutions as we are by the Sub Treasury princi plegive us this or something better for the relief of our brethren. Respectfully submitted, N. EL Macon, Chm'n, for Committee. G. W. Nkwbll, Pres't pro tern. W. D. Kqkrton, F. Ashton, Committee. W. J. Hayes, Secy. THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EX POSITION Send 50 cnts to Bond & Co., 576 Rookery, Chicago, and you will receive, post pad, a four-hundred page advance Guide to the Exposition, with elegant engravings of the grounds and build ings, portraits of its leading spirits, and a map of the city of Chicago ; all of the rules governing the Exposition and ex hibitors, and all information which can be given out in advance of its open ing. Also, other engravings and printed information will be sent you as pub lished. It will be a very valuable book and every person should secure a copy. The American girl is not slow to grasp a chance. Some time ago The Ladies' Home Journal organized a fr e education system for girls, and the magazine is now educating some forty odd girls at Vast-ar and Wellesely Col leges, and at the Boston Conservatory of Music, all the expenses of the girls being paid by the Journal. The Progressive Farmer from April 1st to Nov. 15th for 50 cents. Mk up your Clubs. THE PUBLIC VOICE. Hoiv may tJie Alliance and the friends of reform best secure the recog nition and enforcement of our prin ciples' (A given space in this column will be devoted weekly to answers to the above question, from the friends of reform. In order that the largest number may have a hearing, we must ask that you do not write more than twenty lines Sign your name to your answer. Now let us have your sincere and honest views.) educate. Elm City, N. C. The best way, an i the only way, so far as I can see, is education. " Educate the people to know their rights, and they will dare maintain them. The Alliance and the reform press is doing a great service in that direction. J. D. Mears. FROM THE MOUNTAINS. COLLiNSNILLE. Polk Co. My answer is by unanimously adopt ing the platform set forth at the Ocala meeting and voting in 1892 for no man who will not pledge himself to do all he can to have them enacted into law. Yours, Isaiah Robson. BOTH BELONG TO TnE MONEY POWER. Tuscola, N. C. Mr. Editor: In answer to your questions in the Public Voice, I will say we need not expect any relief from either of the old parties. They belong to the money power and dare not rep resent us, and the only hope that I can see for us is to form a new party, call it by what name you please, and stand on the Ocala platform. A. E. Ward SELECT GOOD MEN. Starkville. Miss. Mr. Editor: The true answer to your question "How is the best way to secure our needed leform?" in my opinion is this: Select plain, honest, laboring men, and elect them f-ar all offices, from President of the United States down to constable of the Ixat. and t hen we will get it. No silk hat or kid glove statesmen needed. Fraternallv, W. II. Harvey. ONLY THROUGH A NEW PARTY. The St. Louis Convention has shown us that the vast majority are heartily in favor of independent action. Only a very few are h favor of trying to secure the relief th t must come through either of the old p li e", and , but a fraction of theze few have any hope of getting reform through either of the old parti. A new party is born ; born of nec s?ity ; the necessities of the times required it. W. H. Warner vote right. Mr. Editor: In answer to questions at the head of Public Voice Column, after careful consideration of the situa tion of the laboring classes, and their condition, and the attitude of our law makers toward us. and recognizing the fact that our relief must come through national legislation, then I say the best and only sure way to secure our de mands is by united political action all along the line, and not cast a vote for any man or party who has not stood square on the Ocala platform first last and all the time. Fraternally, R. T. Lisstare. vote for alliancemen Oregon, N. C. Mr. Editor : In answer to the ques tion, 4 ' How may we best secure the recognition and enfor -ement of our principle?'' my answer is turn loose both old parties, which are warse than rotten, stick to our Constitution, keep our pledge that we took when we joined the Alliance, work to educate our neighbors out of the Order, from under the party lash, and in November, when we go to the ballot box, free our selves from party feeling' and stand shoulder to shoulder. Go there as free men. Don't go there to please any party, but go there and vote for true and tried men ; vote for none but Alli ancemen. W. D. Wall. FORM a new party. Crater's, N. C. Mr, Editor:-In answer to "How may we, the toilers of this nation, have the reforms so much needed enacted into law?" first, we would say by eltjct ine: independent men. Second, by placing: them upon the honest platform of the People's party. Third, to expect our principles to even be considered by either one of the old corrupt parties, is simply bosh and a waste of time, while the enemy is still grinding us lower down. Give us the People's party for 1892! Then the ex Democrats and ex-Republicans will meet on half-way ground and rally together, otherwise we will inevitably fail. C. A, Phillips. A VOICE FROM VIRGINIA. Bridgewater. Va., March 12, '92. Mr. Editor: I will obey orders and try to compress into as few words as possible what I have to say in answer to your question under the heading of "The Public Voice." I have read and studied the platform of the great In dustrial Convention held at St. Louis on the 22d of February, and I look upon it as the best platform in print or out of print. Carried out, we have the promise of the greater good to the greater number, than is embraced in all tha political platforms in the world. I would say of it then, cling to it, preach for it, pray for it and vote for lt, and deliverance will come. Sink into eternal forgetfulness all of y our party prej Udices, all of y our party idolatry and vote hereafter for prin ciples and not for men, and the battle is won. Doing this, we will surely and certainly secure to ourtelves tho recog nition, as well as the enforcement of our just demands. The platform will do it. There is healing in its wings G. T, Barbee. teach your neighbors. Spartanburg. Pa. Let every man make it his special business to teach every person in Jiis vicinity that there are but two classes of people, the wealth-producers and the wealth grabbers, the laborers and the idlers thas 'the idlers will not : legislate for laborers ; but against them : and for themselves; that a Demo -ratic " politician, banker or railroad king, is just as hard on workers as a Republi can of the same rank. Then show them that the two classes are the only two true parties that exist in the United States to day. Ask him which one he is going to support his own rank, friends and co-sufferers, or his enemies, his bosses and his robbers. The first thing is to get a majority of voters -then we can have a new President. Congress and just and equal laws. D. W. Elderkin SOUND PRINCIPLES ABOVE PARTY. Old Furnae N. C. Answer to question, How to secure the recognition and enforcement of our demands?" etc.: First, independent action is the only safe road to success Why, because no man, or set of men,, nor even nations, can expect or even look for help from God or His feliow men if he makes no effort ou his part to help himself. Second, where is the man. set or men, or even a nation, that would employ a set of men at extrava gant salaries to work for them, when everything they do is done in the in terest of other classes, during all this time robbing their employer of all he had when he hired them, and still taking all he makes afterwards, and woikmg it into the hand? of these classes? Now I say to all labor men, let go all and be a man. H. B. HUFFSTELLER. THE ONLY WAY. Wagoner, Ashe Co.. N. C. Li answer to your question as tr " How the labor organiz itions can best enforce th' h demands?" I hope I will be permitted to say that independent political action is all the way, in my opinion, we can hope for any relier, for the pavt three years the Alliance,, together with other labr organizations, have been demanding of the two politi cal parties financial relief, which h is cn every occasion met their disap proval, and in consequence thereof I think your question fully answtred by saying that the great unrest in the minds of the people prepares them for separate political action. Call it the Third party, People's party, or what- soever you please, but I suggest we call it the anti Federal party, and also I suggest that the eligibility clause of our Constitution be so amended as :o admit good and tried patriots of all professions, etc. ; then let us hear the rumbling in the camps of the two old parties. Truly. Wu, H. Witherspoon. A MOUNTAIN BROTHER ASKS FOR HELP. Mr. Editor: At a meeting of Mitchell County Alliance, held on the 18th day of February, 1892, it was or dered by a unanimous vote that tha Secretary publish an appeal for aid from th Subordinate Alliances for Bro. S. W. Blalock, an a tive member of Bear Creek Alliance, No 782. Bro. Blalock had the misfortune to have his dwelling house, kitchen and: smoke-house consumed by fire on the i' night of January 3rd, 1892, with nearly ? everything it contained. His loss is estimated at $1,500. We ' therefore earnestly appeal to all the Alliances throughout the State to contribute , something to the relief of a worthy and, , deserving brother. J. K. Irby, Pres't. M. D. Wilson, Sec'y. BETTER TIMES FOR THE SOUTH.' The real situation of cotton is exhaus tively considered in the American Ag riculturist for March. This conserva tive and world-wide authority, while not mincing-matters as to the existing depression in cotton industry, and ac cepting even outside data ai to the world's stocks and the yield in the United States for 1891, concludes that the consumption of the current year will largely exceed the current supply. The demand is therefore expected to consume about all of the extra large stocks on hand throughout the world at the beginning of the year. Should this prove true, the actual excess of cotton at the close of the seas-m that is in August, 1892 will be compara tively small, without reckoning any ad ditional demand or the lighter weight of the bales. The American Agricul turist adds: "We believe the turning point in values has been reached ana anticipate a reaction with a material hardening of the market as the receipts-' fall off and as the movement to decrease the area planted to cotton assumes a concerted and properly orgrnized conv plexion." The Progressive Farmer from April 1st to Nov. 15th. for 50 cents. Make up your Clul- 1 f dollars wim one. ah such jf 1 "
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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March 22, 1892, edition 1
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