North Carolina Newspapers

1 J "I THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. 0., NOVEMBER 22, 1892. No. 41 EAEMER TIONAL FARMERS' ALL, 35 ?cE AND INDUSTRIAL A1 .TTTW it Ij. Loucks, Huron, Vflhincrton. xVUVAiV-o, indent v-Treairer-J. H. Turner jecriidress, 239 rth Capitol Washington, D. O. y lr T II Willetts, Kansas?. U F SfX'LTlVE BOARD. Washington, u. Huron, soutn ua.- I, -.v.iiv.an. Palmetto JUDICIARY. - Cole. Michigan, fv; Beck, Alabama, l i'iuvio, Kentucky. ' TWf;TSl,ATIVB COMMITTEE -iTIO xu r fnrune. 1 1 - ' . . AV.ir-iln.LL .1 Y til , Tennessee. a I, Lru -V. Maeime, r p Feather Chairman. Brandon, va. ,-tonc, uorest -uy, -tu fts .i Gwicn, White, Tennessee. A!?CE. Marion Butler, -T. 'President I Ve r -Treasurer W lecturer v. IChapi:ii Clinton. B. Long, Ashe- fc ,C . Barnes, Thompson, Rich Ilev. Jno Amnions, Madi- W R A. I).)or-I N. r. 33t? :;' 1L; CO) 6 J I'l. A sent Henry, Kin jay, -II. E. King, . 3. Holt, Chalk -W. H, Worth, TiuV Harness Agency A gene v Fund W Grraaam, C. Maenpelan, IN S'TTiTE 00MM1TTF.E OF TEE SOUTH iOLISA FMiSRS' STATE ALLIANCE. j v. viex-.v.ider. Charlotte, N. C, Jr'san: J. tf. Mewborne, Kinston, C. ; J. 8. Johnston, Ruffin, N. C. .?S JUDICIARY COMMITTEP3. EiUarr, A. Leazer, N. M. Cul- M. Orvgory, vm. u. onneu. L LI CE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE. ?. Powoll. "Raleigh, N. C. ; N. C. bii'h. Trinity College: J. J. Young Ii. A. Forney, rsewion, in. eth. '!i Hardin. Reform Press Association. llamseu. President; PAPERS. t-- ... . J M 1 1 V V T p Wf.rkiricrx.An's Helper, n;ry Life, .;ani't- hci-o. Iroliaa bi;.;ttuli. C Clinton. N. C. Pinnacle, N. C. Salisbury, N. C. lariK.ro, . L . Tvir.lty College. N. C. Hickory, N. C. Wbitakere, N. C Goldsboro. N. ('. Moncure, N. C Kaleiyb, N. C. Hertford, N. C. Dick oT the above-named pajjers are ZwxU'il to keep the list standing on A ir?t iu tf if ,md rifhl nthera rrrcti'idfd y rf dm?! ( ''y.tfd. Any paper fail h toadwoitp th? Ocala platform will I dt-Kijtfd from the list promptly. Our Wk fan it :' see what papers are VALUE IN MANURE. .He would :c considered very foolish io avi-rtd that there was no value matiuv. Eq iaily foolwh would the an be v. no ui -curded barn vard ma tre, aiu h k in preference any of the pioiis f TLii,z-rs hold as a substitute. jc inai mtf are not valuable, but at it is iK)vr very generally conceded at teit.-r vi.ue for the ordinarv mer wiii be r uiized fmm tho no r,f x t. - - V V-. 1. OU. .V.'t it ll.i.TlA f T-r-, t ""uijuiu manure, lu Will b fviiitwl rc.TTT A-ifF. .,,14- C 1 h" v lu Ped on the ordi- UllZers bV thrift wlir, r.t.r.,oQ tm i.L L-em to bo endors?d by f ae-l. judging by tlie aoimt annu.-Ujy purchased by them. can be of it. If 'i I'.'vu upon the 1ml in uch i Til lil'.ulu J SaU f i 'viu;c ciu ana ui na: kl f TV, IM ,id aP;1 price real ue cannu ' . . n cron fo. , u U -e t ih v ,;.... ie V. v waaou, iw n.unure is not I'-'Wevtr giv red ci... . I" " . uug or several hun- seuuun.i, the manure made by Vain;- ft L k-.i 11113 manure annears to p u in , i . Vlieul itiou made by per.-i.ii ' "HU i-no various com rku T( , zera wtiich are upon the ;t bulletins iufd by &ri.v zn.iJe v, ,t .u " . -v. aiuie. 0 value ot the ans o i, . ; w ? 1 '' uai frnm m the t The i-ilvz T . im3 oeen care l ' iny the colleee tihemist. f the var".,. ' 0a made of the value are.i vhV? "rfcdients when com- tlu), "Vof the same in !izHt6 "" 0U!!d lrithe ordinary fer- Ul a D'- if, . i "u y ot arriv- Jre. v-f1,. 1W Vtilue of such ma uetoth 1C 13 actually of that vi!i rir r , r who thus feeds his he i8 able to make . inure is placed upon land h ia given to the growth of rape the following reason it will be seen that the only return likely to be re ceived from it will be an additional quantity of manure. Any farmer fol lowing such a course would find that his family would not be able to live comfortably on such proceeds of the value said to be in the manure. To the practical man it would appear that such calculations are very often misleading. It can easily be shown, by a careful calculation, that the man wno feeds a number of steers each year on nis rarm is actually feeding them at a loss, when the calculation is made, as it has been, in the bulletin re ferred to. If the market price in any of our towns and cities of the hay, roots, and grain, which is being fed to these ani mals is computed, in nearly every case it will be seen that the animals are sold at a loes. Yet every observant man knows that the farmers who have adopted this practice (?) for years have been tne men wno have prospered, who have, in some caos, become wealthy. who have added to their lands, and who have beea successful in siiDport- ing the young men of their families on additional acres. If this work had actually been done at a los6, how can this bo accounted for? The real truth is that these com putations are erroneous. The mau makes his money because he is able, THROUGH HIS 8TEER, in his t table, to sell his hay, his roots, and his grain, at a fairly remunerative rate. Tne profit is in the sale of thene articles, through the medium of the steer, which he would probably find it impossible to sell m any other way. The manure which is thus made upon his fnrni enables him to produce his grain crops in much greater abundance and of superior quality, so that an ad ditional profit is made in that way. It is no doubt true that the man who is not a larruer wno buys Jatnos (as was done for the college experiment), and who is compelled to buy grain, hav. and roots, on whi di to feed them, will find that the transaction will show but little profit. But the farmer who grown these articles on his own farm wiillLul that in the feeding of them to sheep or cattle, in the manner p.uggey ted. he will be enabled to make considerable profit onjtheir growth when thus sold through the medium of his live stock. It he does not produce the hay, etc , but buys from his neighbor, it. is clear that the transaction will not be sufficiently remunerative to warrant its contmu ance. If this be granted, how will the farmer be able to secure better prices for the articles thu3 consumed m the feeding of his live stock? It will not matter to hira at what price these are s-'ld on the mnrket; his are not sold m that wav, but through the animal wrhich he is feeding: so that, in order to secure increased prices, he mu-t give close attention to tho qaalicy of the animal through which it passes There is much more profit in a good steer which, receiving the same feed and care, and sold at the same age, brings $70, than one of the scrub vari ety, wtuch, while receiving tne same attention, brings only $-10. He who has the better steer will certainly get more for his hay and roots, through the medium of that steer, than his neighbor will through the medium of the inferior one. In the same way the value of the manure made upon the farm must be computed. He who itj able to use his manure on land which produces thirty bushels of wheat, to be sold at one do! lar, would make more money than he who grows seventy bushels of oata at t hirty cents. Manure, in the one case, would appear to be worth more to the farmer than in the other case. The conclusion to be reach-! in both cases is that in order to secure the best returns for these products thus con sumed, it is necessary to secure the best specimens only. If manure only i sought, then the scrub steer or tne inferior sheep will be able to produce it in the same quantity as one of much better quality; but we think that it would ba found impossible to reed tnese animal simply for the amount of ma nure produced. Tne farmer should not only fees to profit in this way, but to Iced such a quality of live stock as will give profit in the production ot tne rood consumed. Farmer's Advocate. obtain Who first made the demand for free coinage? Tne farmers. Who first made the demand for the election of United States Senators by direct v .te of the people? Tne farmers. Who demanded that the currency of this country can and shall be increased ? The farmer. Who demanded that said currency should be a full legal tender for all debts, public and private? The farmer. Who demanded a graduated income tax? The farmer. Who injt cted into politics all the live issues now being discussed? The farmer Who feedj and clothes the world? The farmer. Who is the worst abused man in all the world? The farmer. Why are they thus abused? Because they refused to obey the orders of Wall street henchmen. Who is it that abuse3 them? The hired tools and foola of plutocracy The Tribune. More than a fourth of the gold and more than a third of the silver pro duced throughout the world in the year 1891 was mined in the United States. Exchange. BUYING AND SELLING PLE. BY SAM- We are asked by an Illinois Grange what the law is in regard to selling goods by sample. We would say in re ply that business enterprise and con venience have of late years greatly magnified the importance of buying and selling by sample. Wholesale dealers, on the one hand, no longer wait for country merchants to come to them and select their goods, but send out, all over the land, agents with samples of their stocjfc in trade; and, on the other hand, retailer in interior towns find it to their advantage to make their purchases in this way. What are the legal rights and liabili ties of both parties to these transac tions becomes, therefore, of first con sideration. The mere showing of a sample i3 not of itoelf an agreement to sell by sample, Tho exhibition of a samole at a sale, amounts only to a representation that such sample was taken from the bulk of the c iinmodity for sale in the usual j way. Tlere must be an agreement to i sell by sample or at least an understand ing of tho parties that the sale is to be so. This may be inferred from circum stances. Oral evidence is also com monly admissible to prove it. but if the contract is in writing, and nothing in the writing indicates that a sample wa used in making the sale, oral evidence cannot be u?ed to prove that it was a sale by sample. To illustrate: Where a written contract was for the Fle and delivery of 44 my packing of sugar corn' evidence of a prior verbal agree ment that the corn was to belike acer tain sample was not allowed to be in troduced. So where the contract for the sale of coal was in writing, and mentioned the quality of coal sold by name, but did noi indicate that a sum- Sle was used or referred to, oral evi ence was not permitted to be uaed to show a nale by sample. The sale of goods by sample contains the implied contract that the goods sold will conform to tho sample. If, how evrr, the Rim pie is fairly drawn from the bills of the goods, and the bulk cor responds wich the sample, but there is a defect in the ru!k and in the sample itself as a part thereof, and this defect is unknown and cannot be discovered by examination, there is no implied warranty against this defect, other than Tfhat there would be if the sale were not made by sample. But where, in the absence of a sample, a warranty of merchantable quality would bo im plied, a ale by sample exemdes such implied warranty onlv as to such qualities as could be fairly judged of by tho sample. An example ot this is where a quantity of graj shirting, sold by sample, was to weigh seven pounds to each piece; but it was afterwards found that the weight was made up by introducing into the fabric fifteen per cent, of China clay, and could not be discovered by an ordinary examina lion of the sample, and which rendered the goods unmerchantable Where the seller takes samples from different parts or package from the s imo oulk, and then mixes up these samples, so thst he may get an average sample, and purchase is made by the buyer, under standing this, there is no bread of im plied warranty of correspondence of sample with bulk if some packages are mferior to tho sample. It is sufti cieut if the average quality of the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sam ple. There is also no warranty that the sample is what it appears to be. Agents may, either expressly or im pliediy, be given authority to sell by sample, and in all cases where an agent acts properly and within the limits of his authority, his principal will bo bound in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had acted personally So, also, if an agent is in vested with an ostensible authority and credit is given to his representa tions and acts in respect thereto, his principal will be bound. These rules will undoubtedly cover tho case of an agent sent out on the ro-id to sell goods from samples, though he had no ex press written authority, or uny author ity, to soil by sample, if he holds out that he baa, and purchases are mado of him with that understanding. Like wise a broker ordinarily has power to f ell by sample and to warrant corres pondrnce ot the bulk with the sample. The question of acceptance may also ariso in cae of sale by smpie. The acceptance and recept of the sample by which the sale was made, may consti tute an acceptance and recept of a part of the goods where such samples or part are to be included in the measurement or weight of the good3 sold. The ac ceptance and receipt of a part of the goods bind both parties to the whole bargain, subject, of course, to what has already been said about the bal ance of the goods ne es-arily corre sponding with th sample, and takes the.contracc of sale out of the statute of friends in force in many of the States. And an acceptance and part payment for part of the goods suffi cient in its nature to bind the pur chaser, under the statute of frauds, also binds the seller to deliver the bal ance. But if the sample delivered is only considered as a specimen, forming no part of the commodity, the delivery and acceptance of the sample will no 5 be sufficient to have either of these effects. On a ' sale by sample, the buyer acquiesces in the quality of the goods by receiving them, and making no ob jection. So where person bought goods by the sample and after exami nation returned a portion of them as defective and asked concession as to the rest, his right to repudiate the con tract was lost Where goods are sold by sample the buyer has the right to inspect the whole in bulk at any proper and con venient time ; and if the seller refuses to show them, the buyer may rescind the contract immediately, f upon in gpection, the goods purchased by sam ple do not conform to the sample, the purchaser may reject them, and by notifying the seller of his decision, the goods are placed at tho risk of the eel ler. The buyer may then either return the goods to the seller or hold them for a reasonable time xt the risk or subject to the order of the seller ; and if the sol ler fails to make a disposition of the good 3, the buyer has a right to sell them for account of the seller. Or if he prefers to, the bnyer may keep the goods, and if they have already been paid for, sue for damages on breach of the warranty implied in the contract of sale ; and if they have not been paid for, he may set off against a sait f or the price of the goods the amount of hi3 damages. Farmers' Voice. RULE OR RUIN POLICY. There is a bad state of affairs exist ing throughout thia country, and we fear io bode no good. In many in stances friends are arrayed against friends; brothers ag-iiust brothers, neigtibors against neighbors, and all on account of difference of opinion on polities! matters. In these times and in certain localities a person rho disap proves of tho old-time methods and politics of parties, and dares to express hirnieelf boldly is strangled by his former friends and associates. This ia truly an unhealthy state of affairs. YVb-na man cannot give expression to his honest sentiments and convic tious, th re is danger ahead When freedom of speecnis denied or forces are brought to bx3ar to supprr fs it, it ii ruinous portent for tbe coun try, and tho very liberties of the peo ple are endangered. There are few maniy, feurles?, men -of the people liv ing at this time, and if the founder of this once glorious Republic could gaze upon it to-day they would be horror htrickon to know the influences and powers that dominate. W lion the structure for this govern ment was laid it euiootiied tho princi plea of jusnce, equality, equity and the rignt of the people to govern them selves A government founded on such prin ciples is capiiole of achieving much greatness, a government that clothes the peopU only with the authority to govern themselves, and then departs from its fundamental principles is capable of m?tcnief, and can resu.t o:i.vA.:a cjf rt'?on to tne governed. Contrast the period in tnis country of half century ago with to day and how vast the difference in the manage ment of the nation's affairs? At that peri jd the people in their sovereign ca pacity were tiio rulers, but to day there is so much manipulation, the purchase of the voters, corruption and rascality that the wiil of the people is well-nigh crushed out. It is becoming more and more appar ent that it is a policy of rule or kuin. Tne tendency tovrard such a policyr is so obvious to sight that no one who is observant can escape perceiving. Men who have been in authority, who have been honored with the highest gifts are finding themselves like Othello, with their occupation gone. The people trusted them, but vhen their day of reckoning came, they were "found wan img." Tne people's interests had been neglected and an account of their stewardship was demanded. It is thi3 class today who were "drest in a lit tle brief authority" who ruled and governed, but are now seeking-to ruin and tear down everything. It is a bad sign. No good can result from it. Ours should be one nation knowing no North, no South, no East, no Weat, living in peace, happiness and harmony an united, liberty loving, law abid ing, loyal and homogenous people. Farmers' Advocate. THS FIXED CHARGE FARMER. OF THE The most important factor in the proolom of the farmer s ems not to have ben properly considered in dis cusion8 on this subject. It is what may be called the "fixed charge of the fainiiy. "A poor man for chil dren," run3 the old adage These blessings swarm around the small farmer's door, healthy, happy, and always hungry omnivorous as so many ostriches. The support of thoge muse come from the proceeds of the crop, whether large or small. This fixed charge cannot be appoximated with any deirr?e of certainty in the ab sence of statistics. Reports o the Bureau of Labor for the iron industry apportion an expenditure of four hun dred dollars as follows: food, one hun dred and eighty-five dollars; clothing, eighty five dollars ; fuel and lights thirty dollars; furniture, taxes, insurance, sickne&s, amumepts, religion, etc , one hundred dollars It is a sad truth that very many farmers are com yelled to live on much lees than this. But if we assume four hundred dollars as the income of the farmer, it wiil be seen that if he devotes himself exclusively to cotton, in order to secure advances ba?ed on cotton the only cash crop he can make it will not be enough to charge against the crop the amount expended in legitimate production, such as ploughing, hoeing, picking, ginning, rent, etc. The bill for the support of the non producing mem bers of the family must also be paid. Cost of production thus becomes a very different thing from the cost of the family. Pro. R. M. Davis, in the November Forum. THE RAILROAD PLANK. Of the Platform Adopted by the Labor Organizations at St. Louis. The most serious objections urged to this plank of our platform are: First, the greatly increased Government pat ronage, by reason of the increased number of employes; second, the im mense cost to the Government in the purchase of the roads. The present number of Government employes is estimated at about 175,000.. Add to this the employes necessary for the telegraph and telephone lines, which will very certainly be taken charge of by the Government in the near future, says 75,000, which will most likely be voted by the party in power. Putting the voting population at 13,000,000, this would give the Government one vote in every seventeen and one-third votes ra her a bad showing for the people. Tne question arises, will the condition of tne people, under these circumstances, oe better or worse than it is rao -t likely to be under corporate influences, with their relentless and remorseless octopus grip? Let us see. According to the late census, there are 163,000 miles of rail road in the United States. Jay Gould and tbose acting with him control, it is ss id, 63,000 miles of these roads; the Vanderbilts and Morgan, 25,0 so, leav ir.g 60,000 to be divided among the other corporation, whos every step is toward concentration. The recent com bino of the Pennsylvania coal roads (Reading, etc) may be cited, as in point. It is thought, by many of the knowing ones, that in les than twenty yearw the entire railway system of the couatry will bo controlled by not more than three corporations. Corporate rule is now more despotic than that of the autocrat of all the Russias. What may we expect, when this imperial power is concentrated in a few hand?? With this immense capital of $10,000, 000,000 and t heir tenieious and relent less grip on the pockets of their 500,000 employes, will they not be able to set at defiance the people, the law, and even the Government itself? An ad vance of 10 cents a bale freight on cot ton would give them three fourths of million, with which to buy our legisla tures and railroad commissioners-, and make lawa void, in our courts. One cent per bushel ox wheat, corn, oats, and a few cints on flour, pork, etc., would give them a corruption fuud of million, with whih to control Congress tho demonetization of silver, for instance. An agent of the bank of England came to this country in the interest of the gold standard people, backed by a half million of dollars. What became of the half million is the ' question. But there is no question about silver being then and there de monetized. What has been doie may bo done. Knowing the character of corporations (ill stomach, no heart,) can we. for a moment, believe that thejr will not avail themselves of any and all means to gain their ends? It is s-iid that Vanderbilt, when some concession was asked by the people in railroad management said, ' tho peo ple be damned." Jay Gould is reported as having said he was the legislature, and could hire one half the farmers to shoot the o;her h&lf. This is only men tioned to show the animus, and that the picture is not overdrawn. Let U3 look more closely at the prop osition of Government ownership of the roads. As I said, putting the Gov ernment patronage at three fourths of a miilion that is, one half million for railroads, one fourth million for teleg raphy, telephone, etc., or one vo:e in every seventeen and one-third of the yoting population of 13,000,000, seeing and knowing of this imminent danger, cannot some plan be devised to so mit igate the evils as to render it harmless? In the election by the people of the principal officers, taking the employes Irom tne different States through which the roads pass, secret hall, etc., none of whieti safeguards could be relied on against railroad corporations under the Government management, there would be no more strikes, b-cause every em ploye would know what to expect be fore entering the service, because it would be uniform and systematic. The traveller and shipper would know what to expect from the management what wouid be the price of transportation, etc. f he system would be quite as ef ficient as now, because the government would employ none but those thor oughly qualified, both by education and training, who would be held to a sharp responsibility. Many of the defects of the present system would be cured, such as deftc tive car coupling, car heating, etc., brought about by the desire to save money to the management. Now, let us examine the question of the cost, to the Government, of ther ;ad. The rail road people estimate their properties at $10,000,000,000 that is, they are capi talized at thiit amount It is confident ly asserted by thoewho xamined into tbe matter, that one-half of this capital, 110,000,000,000, is water that is, the roads did not cost more than one-half tho amount, or $5,000,100,000; that they could oe rebuilt for that sum. It is said, and admitted, that those cor porations (railroads.) collect, from freight and passenger, a sufficient sum to pay all running expenses, repairs, etc., and at least 6 per cent, interest on the $10,000,000,000 capital. We will say the Government pur chases the road at 16,000,000,000, issu ing its bonds for that amount, bearing interest at 3 per cent, (it is now float ing the extended bonds at 2 per cent ), payable in thirty three years, begin ning with the first year it gets posses sion; then it collects enough from freight and passengers to pay all run ning expenses, repairs, etc., at 6 per cent, interest on the $6,000,000,000 paid in purchases. Three per cent, of this interest will cover the interest on the bonds, and 3 per cent (making tho 6 per cent.) would be a sinking fund that would pay the whole debt in thirty three years, the first bond being paid the first year, and so to the end of them At the expiration of thirty three years the government would own all the roads, without an advance of 1 cent, and with less transportation charges and more efficient and satis factory service to the people in the meantime. After the thirty-three years have expired and the roads have been paid for, the transportation charges for freight and passengers will not be more than half of what it is now. It has been said that the Go rernment must either own the railroad, or the railroad will own the government. Let us have the roads. How? By right of eminent domain, if they refuse to sell Cor. National Economist. CURE FOR PAWING HORSES A correspondent writes a paper that the habit of pawing can be overcome in most cases by lifting the foot, and holding it up for awhile every time the animal begins to paw. To give the horse the first lesson, he says: Put on an old harness, buckle a strap around each of the forward fetlocks, attach a small rope five or six feet long to each strap, pass the rope through rings or loops on the top of the saddle, t ike the hore to a soft, smooth spot, so that he will not be liable to get hurt, girt the saddle light so that it will not turn, take up one forward foot and hold it up for s Jm8 ten or fifteen minutes by making the rope fast at the ing on the saddle. The object of this lesson is to teach the horse that standing on three legs is tiresome and disagreeable work, and also to teach him that his foot is held by a superior power, and that he cannot put it down without th con sent of that power. For him to get these ideQS, he needs to stand long enough to get very tired of it, and needs to do his best to get his foot free oefore he cau realize that it is impos sible for him to free it. flavin g given this lesson, put the horse in the place where he is in the habit of doing the most pawing, and when he lifts either foot, hold it up by pulling on the rope attache d to it, and hold it for a shoi t time only. The objoct 3f this lesson is to teach the horse that it is when and only when he lifts his foot to paw (hat the control of. it is taken from him. When he learns this he will probably ,sto? the p.fiCtrce; but for him to gcil' this idea, the foot "must be taken and held long enough for him to realize that it is held every time he attempts to paw. In this, as in all teaching and all disciplinary work, the teacher and governor needs a good supply of pa tience and perseverance. Exchange. SNUFF INFORMATION. It seems surprising to learn the fact that twenty years ago 4,000,000 pounds of snuff per annum were used in this country. Much more astonishing is the circumstance that during the fiscal year ended July 1, 1892, 10,000,000 pounds of snuff were used in the United States. Yet how rarely is it that one sees a pinch of snuff taken ! Tho mystery was explained yesterday by the New York agent for a great snuff manufacturing establishment. He said : "Nearly all Italian and German music teachers use stuff. Likewise the Roman Catholic clergy. The priests say that they get into the habit dur ing long sessions in the confessional, where they mut-t sit for hours together, and take snuff in order to occupy them selves and keep awake, avoiding sneezing. The true snuff taker does not sneeze. Old fashioned Germans who came to this country a long time ago, almost invariably take snuff. In beer siloons where people of their race congregate you will commonly see on the counter a box of snuff for gen eral use. 4It is of black snuff that I have spoken thus far highly scented with roe, bergamo!; and pungent odors. 44 But the snuff that is chiefly used and manufactured in this country is of the yellow or brown kind. Some of it is salted and some plain, but very little of it is scented. It is used to an immense extent in the South by ne groes and poor whites for 'dipping.' The snuff dipper moistens a little -ti ?k in water or alcohol, dips it in the snuff, makes a little ball, and puts it between the lips and the teeth. The habit is an unpleasant one, but is practiced in the South as commonly by women as by men. In fact, the consumption of snuff in this country is chiefly by dip ping, and tho bulk of the tobacco manufactured in this shape is con sumed below Mason and Dixon's line. 44 Yellow snuff is used largely by the Canadian French girls, who compose a majority of the employees in the cot ton mills all over the United States, particularly in New England. 44 Snuff should be made from the leaf stalks of the tobacco plant only, though much inferior material is mixed with the cheaper kinds. Havana and Suma tra tobaccos are preferred. The flavor ings employed are kept strictly secret. Much care has been taken in tho pro cess of compounding, inasmuch as no class of tobacco consumers are so fas tidious as snuff takers. Tho Scotch are the great users of snuff. It was a Scotchman who once asked a big nosed stranger if he took snug, and receiving a negative reply, remarked, 'What a pity; you have such a grand accom modation. ' " Cine innati Commercial. x ; r v