TM1 PSO(SlliIH EiSliSS
! : THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OP OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. J
t .
?ol.9. .rJ, RALEIGH, N. CL DECEMBER 4, 1894. , No. 43
k. ...nnNAL FARMERS' ALLI-
i-rfir i
ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
resident-Marion Butler, Golds toro,
iPresident-J. L. Gilbert, Cali-
l tary-Treasurer-Col.D. P. Dun
m Columbia, S. C.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
-r w tTiimn fl n Marin
' Brandon, Virginia ; L E Dean,
Sove Falls, New York; H. C. Dem
ineuA .tonr Hftrrisburer. Pennsvl-
-jUg, oai-"j '
c A. Southworth, Denver, Colo,
o W. Beck, Alabama.
SC. D." Davie, Kentucky.
1STH CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLI
ANCE. president J. M. Mewborne, Kinston,
Vice- President A. C. Shuford, New
ls'cwtary-Treasurer W. 8 Barnes,
uleih, N. C.
j Lecturer Cyrus Thompson, Rich
jSteWard J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
C
j Chaplain Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis
Door keeper Goo. T. Lane, Greens
I ... xt r
xjro. v-.
Assistant Door keeper Jas. E. Lyon,
Durham, N. C.
Sergeant -at Arms J. R. Hancock,
reensborb, N. C.
Btate Business Agent W. H. Worth,
Baleigh, N. C.
Trustee Business Agency Fund W.
i. Graham, Machpelah, N. C.
dOunVE OOMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE.
vi on' nn "Rntlftr. Goldsboro. N. C. : J.
J.Long, Eoka, N. C; A. F. Hileman,
Concord, N. U.
i:AT2 ALLIANCE JUDICIARY OOMMITTEE.
Jno. Brady. Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J.
r. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; John
Graham, Ridgeway, N. C.
itxh Carolina Reform Press Association.
Oncers J. L. Ramsey, President;
iarion Butler, Vice-President ; TV. S.
Barnes, Secretary,
PAPERS.
frozreesiTe Farmer, SUte Organ, Raleigh, N. C.
Usrcurr. Hickory, N. C.
dx.Wr, WMtakersN. C.
fb PopuHf-t, Lumberton, N. C.
tut Hi-oi.le'8 Paper. tJh&rlotie. N. C.
Tae Vestibule. - , Concord, N. C.
tie Pio - Boy. Wadesho- o. N. C.
Oaiow Blade. Peanut, N. C.
Each of the above-named papers are
fxpusted to keep the list standing on
toe first page and add others, provided
fhey are duly elected. Any paper fail
ing to advocate the Ocala platform will
to drormeA from the list vromvtlv. Our
- - J V
people can now see what papers are
xlihed in their interest.
EDITORIAL SUGGESTIONS.
As in other lines, the cheaper the
irticle the harder to sell a poor one, so
ia the horse market. Horse buyers
were never so critical as now.
While a hen is sitting you muefcnot
mclude that she is lazy. Hens, if
healthy, are generally industrious, and
their owners can make them profl'-able.
Treat the hen kindly.
Orn stalks cut to one or one and a
half inch lengths, make a splendid
culch for strawberry plants. Pine
straw will do. but when not convenient
tut corn stalks "cover a multitude of
line."
Graham flour as sold on the market,
is usually made from winter wheat,
and ia simply the ground, unbolted
wheat meil, states Prof. Woods in
Pood Housekeeping. It is frequently
Bttde from low grade or unsound
wheat.
At the packing houses no part of the
animal ia permitted to go to waste, and
that is one means by which the pack
ers make their millions. The farmer
not be able to make millions by
Permitting nothing to go to waste, but
be can make considerable.
A. clean, warm, pountry house saves
feed, bat many fail provide it. Health,
ni ejrg-production largely depend
fiPon clean, warm, laying houses. The
former who always keeps properly,
batches early chicks, also seldom lacks
market, says the American Agricuh
The President has decided to nego
tiate the sale of $5,000,000 of United
States bonds as a means of raising rev
ea'K8. It seems to us that this is un
necessary. We would rather see the
currency of the country increased by
tat amount, says the Rural New
Yorker.
To break up and scatter the manure
Q( to loosen up the spots where there
18 no grass, they plant and harrow the
Pastures at the Ohio State University,
fording to the Agricultural Student.
0r this purpose they use four fence
nailed together side by side and
behind a light smoothing harrow.
WISE SUGGESTIONS.
Desirable Legislation, -Not on Party Is
sues, Which Congress and the
Legislature Should Enact.
k BY JUDGE WALTER CLARK.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Propriety n quires that a judicial
officer shall abstain from taking any
share whatever in the controversies
raised between political parties' further
than as a citizen to cast his ballot for
the men and the principles of his
choice. But I shall ever hold in high
honor the declaration of the Roman
'homo8um, nihil humani a mealienum
puto," that is to say "being a man.
everything that concerns the welfare
of my fellow men shall always be of
deep interest to me." There are many
matters of grave interest to the public
welfare, connected with proposed ac
tion either by Congress or the Legisla
ture, upon which political partus are
not aligned. As to these, my opinion
having been asked, I see no impro
priety in giving it.
INTEREST.
1. This Lgislature, not dividing
upon party lines on the question, will
doubtless pass a bill restoring six per
cent, as the legal limit for interest. Ex
cept in a few of the years since the war
this has been the always recognized
limit in North Carolina for two hundred
years. Now when the profit on every
thing else is cut down there remains no
reason why money should receive un
diminished and high profits. When
bankers form syndicates to force the
government to issue bonds bearing 3
per cent, interest, and North Carolina
4 per cent, bonds are above par, 6 per
cent, certainly is full value f jr the use
of money. There can be no doubt that
this has been the sentiment of the peo
pie of North Carolina for ten years
past. Probably a majority in each of
the last four Legislatures has come to
Raleigh intending to restore the old 6
per cent, rate of interest. This was
turned into a minority on each occasion
after they reached here. But it is dan
gerous for the representatives of a free
people to deem themselves too wise to
execute the wishes of those who elect
them. The only authority for any leg
islation in our country is that it ex
presses the sentiment of the majority
of the people. Besides, the alleged ad
vantages to North Carolina of paying
a higher interest than all the neighbor
ring States from Massachusetts to Geor
gia, have never materialized.
FREE PASSES.
2. In the Constitution of the State of
New York, just ratified by the people
at the polls, there is a paragraph in
stringent language forbidding any pub
lie officer to receive or use, directly or
indirectly, any free pass or transpor
tation, from any transportation com
pany, or any frank from a telegraph or
telephone company. A similar consti
tutional amendment should be adopted
by our Legislature irrespective of
party. If adopted, it vill be ratified by
overwhelming majorities at the polls.
The corporations cannot object to this
as they say these favors are given with
no intent to ioflaence officials and are
a sore t ix upon them. The people will
be glad to vote for such an amendment.
That the great State of New York as
well as several others has seen fit to
incorporate this provision in the
organic law is sufficient evidence that
this is no trivial matter. Give the peo
ple of North Carolina a chance to vote
upon such an amendment at the polls
and it will be seen how few will vote
against it.
ELECTION OF U. 8. SENATORS
3 Twice by almost unanimous vote
of the lower House of Congress an
amendment to the Constitution of the
United States has been adopted provid
ing for the election of Senators by the
people. Resolutions of many conven
tions of all political parties have en
dorsed this amendment including, if I
recollect aright, the Democratic State
Conventions held this year in Oaio,
New York and Massachusetts. The bill
is now before the Senate for action. It
would be the expression of the popular
will if our Legislature, irrespective of
party, .should pass resolutions of in
structions to our Senators to vote for
it. If they are already for it, they will
not object to having their views on this
matter, which has never been a party
one, endorsed by the representatives of
the people. The best interests of the
Republic urgently require this reform.
POSTAL TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONES
4 The Postoffice Department should
be modernized and furnished with the
best appliances known to science in
facilitating the intercommunication of
news and thought. To this end, the
telegraph and telephone should be a
part of the postal service as it is in
I x I 1 "-
every other civilized country. This
has no bearing upon the question of
government ownership of railroads but
is simply applying modern methods in
stead of antiquated ones, to the postal
service which we already have. If this
is paternalism, then the postoffice itself
is paternalism. Either give us a mod
ern postoffice with the promptest and
best facilities or else turn the postoffiije
over to the "Western Union" to run.
The number of postoffices in country
districts should be trebled and a tele
phone placed in each. Every poet
master can use a telephone and there
would be only a few points at which.
the telpgraph requiring additional
clerks would be required to forward
long distance messages. The plant for
the entire United States, it is estimated
by experts, reporting to Congress,
would cost under twenty million dol
lara while the "Western Union" has
watered its stock up to one hundred
millions and last year, not withstand
ing hard times, declared over six mil
lion dollars net earnings or fully 33i
per cent, on what it would cost the
government to establish a better sya
tem reaching to every postoffice in the
whole country and with far lower
rates. The Western Union not only
maintains a powerful lobby constantly
at Washington to prevent the adoption
of a 'people's telegraph and telephone
but it'is said gives nearly every mem
ber of Congress and Senator, if not all,
as soon as elected, a frank to do all hia
telegraphing free. It cannot be
thought that this will directly influ
ence many but it dulls their feeling of
the great tax the present heavy tele
graphic rates are upon the industry of
the country. At any rate the Western
Union must find their advantage in the
custom or it would not be kept up.
Ma ay Legislatures, of each of the great
parties, have petitioned Congress for
this improvement in our postal service.
The North Carolina lower house once
in recent years unanimously passed a
resolution to that effect which only
failed in the Senate for lack of time. It
might well be passed again. No politi
cal party has antagonized this measure.
The Populists alone have endorsed it,
but as it is a good and proper measure
this will not prejudice it in the eyes of
any other party for they alone endorsed
in their platform the income tax which
Congress, by the votes of their political
opponents, enacted into law.
ELECTION OF POSTMASTERS.
5. The only objection of any force
urged against the postoffice adding the
telegraph and telephone to improve its
service is the increased number of gov
ernment employees. Aside from the
fact that those employees can be
wielded more dangerously in politics if
controlled by a corporation, it must be
remembered that the postal clerks and
other subordinates are now mostly
under the civil service law. As to the
postmasters it would be a wise step to
decentralize, and at the same time les
sen the strain of a presidential election,
by electing the postmasters by the peo
ple in each postoffice district. We shall
yet come to this and the sooner the
better. 9
ELECTION LAWS
6. There will be some change, of
course, in election laws. Public senti
ment has already brought this about
in England, Australia, Canada and in
34 of the States of this Union. Not only
should the ballot be fairly cast and
counted Lbut election contributions
should be reduced and made public as
in New York and elsewhere. Other
wise elections will soon be only a mat
ter of money. The electorate will be
come debauched and only rich men,
who can contribute largely to the cam
paign fund will be possible as candi
dates. Nominations will become prac
tically for sale. In addition to the
remedies so wisely adopted and sue
cessf ully in operation in England, and
elsewhere, these two new ones are
modestly suggested. (1) The number
of voting precincts should be not less
than three in each township properly
distributed over the township. This
would bring out the fullest expression
of the popular will by enabling each
man to vote by going only a short dis
tance. As there are 400,000 voters in
North Carolina if each man now should
vote, and should lose a whole day at
the election, as many do who go sev
eral miles to vote, the cost would be
$400,000 in the value of lost time. In
fact it is a very large fraction of it. (2)
The increased number of voting pre
cincts would not only bring out a larger
vote and enable voters to save moet of
the day for their" Vork, but it would
render practicable this other reform
that the polls should then be closed at
2 p. m. The ballots could then be
counted in broad daylight and the re
sult announced before sunset. There
would thus be email chance for fraud
The result in each county would be
known at the county seat not long
after dark and the result in the whole
State would be known by midnight
and announced in all the papers next
morning. This great reform would also
be a great economy by enabling the
laboring man everywhere to deposit
his ballot without any one being
obliged to lose a day's work.
MURDER TRIALS
7. Trials for capital offences should
be simplified. Retaining, as sufficient
for any innocent man, the principle
that the prisoner must be shown to be
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt and
by the unanimous voice of twelve men,
there should be abolished the gross in
equalities to which the State is put in
ail such trials which render it almost
impossible to convict the guiltiest-man
if he is able to retain skillful and influ
ential counsel. Notably the inequality
of challenges by which the defendant
has 23 and the State only four should
be abolished and each allowed the same
number say six each as is the case
in many other S&ates no r. The State,
as well as the defendant, should have
as formerly in this State, the right of
appeal from errors of law of the trial
judge. Lynch law hangs two men in
this State for each man hung by the
courts Lynch law exists only where
society has lost confidence in the ability
of the courts to protect society. While
retaining the safeguards above men
tioned as guarantees against the con
viction of an innocent man, remove all
the disadvantages imposed on the
prosecution which guarantee the ac
quittal of a guilty man, then lynch law
will disappear, but not till then.
? COURT EXPENSES
8. In every State of the civilised
world except in this State and in Iowa
the judge being responsible for the
waste of time in his courts, has a
supervisory power over the length of
speeches by counsel. It is a power
tmt is rarely used, but its existence
prevents too much waste of the public
timy. This was formerly the rule in
tufer State but a few years ago un
fortunately'a law was passed taking
from the judge all control over the
length of speeches by counsel. The
Supreme Court was forced to ignore
the rule as to that court and the statute
was modified to exempt it. But it is
still in force in the Superior Courts.
Courts are very expensive and this
single ill-advised statute has added
vastly to the burdens of the people in
the greatly increased length of trials
without benefit to clients in the case on
trial and to the great disadvantage of
suitors and counsel in all cases subse
quent thereto. Probably the majority
of lawyers would not object to a return
to the law formerly in force here and
which is still in force the world over,
the single State of Iowa excepted, and
there it is said that when counsel com
mence to address the jury the judge
goes off and plays a game of billiards.
CODE COMMISSION.
9 Lastly, there should lea Code
Commission. Not such as we have
been having, which shall merely codify
the statute liw, but one which shall
codify the judge made law to be found
scattered through so many reports and
reduce the whole into two or three
handy volumes. This has been done in
California and many other States.
There a man can see for himself what
the law is and not wait till after he has
acted on what he supposed to be the
law to find out that .a court differed
with him: It is the lasting glory of Jus
tinian that he did this great work for
the Roman people and reduced the vast
body of law scattered (as it now is with
us) throngh hundreds of volumes of
judicial decisions and statute law into
thexme volume which has been handed
down to our day. The great Napoleon
did the same great work for France
and his Code Napoleon has been
adopted, with, slight modifications, by
over, half the nations of Europe. David
Dudley Field did the same great work
for New York. How he was thwarted
by the Governor's veto after his cede
had passed both houses is known to all
men. So much the worse for New
York. California and some other States
have been wise enough to adopt it.
Georgia did the same good work years
before. This can and ought to be done
here in North Carolina, making the
law more certain, more accessible and
placing it in a compact form in the
reach of every man's pocket.
Believing that the honest views of
any citizen, feeling an interest in the
welfare of his fellow-men, will receive
fair consideration at tho hands of the
people of North Carolina, with much
diffidence I submit mine. If there is
anything of any value in any of these
views other hands may put them into
better shape and utiliza them for the
public good. If any of these sugges
tions will not stand tinder the hammer
of argument, no barm will have been
done. I simply offer them as a good
will offering to a generous people who
have always been kind to me beyond
my utmost deserving.
Walter Clare
Fresh air is conducive to health,
drafts are detrimental. It is a money
losing game to let the horses get thin
in flesh.
THE TRUTH OF IT.
Some Light on the Nova Scotia Coal
Syndicate.
A little of the truth about the Nova
Scotia coal syndicate has at last come
to the surface, but it is a small part of
the truth. The whole story yet remains
to be told, but it never will be told by
a Senate investigating eommittee
which has no power to compel wit
nesses to answer questions, and with
out doubt Bill Chandler brought it up
in the Senate for the express purpose
of having it examined by a boJy that
had 110 way of getting at the truth,
that a nice whitewashing report might
be made, similar to the report on the
sugar scandal.
It is currently reported and generally
believed that the Nova .Scotia coal eyn
dicate was organized in the office of
Mr. Cleveland in New York city a little
over two years ago, and at the organi
sation Mr. Whitney and Dan Lamont
were present. About $18,000,000 of
stock and bonds have been issued, and
the only investment of real cash was
four or five thousand dollars spent in
negotiations in Canada to secure the
lease.
The company did secure a lease of
the Nova 8cotia coal beds for a term of
ninety-nine years, for which it was to
pay a royalty of 12 cents a ton on all
the coal mined, and there is no require
ment in the lease that any coal at all
shall be taken out. The syndicate can
leave that coal there for ninety nine
years, nearer touch it, and there will be
no penalty to pay. Inexhaustible
quantities of it lie right on seashore
and it can be put into our seaport towns
at a cost so low that not a mine of bitu
minous coal can be worked in either
Maryland or Pennsylvania, if the tariff
on coal is taken off and freights remain
the same as now on the railroads. The
grand scheme is just this : Put coal on
the free list and Mr. Cleveland and his
friends can sell their $18,000,000 of
bonds and stock, which did not cost
them a mill on the dollar, at par, and
put the money in their pockets.
If a president and his cabinet has
ever been caught in a more infamous
job than this, history has failed to re
cord the fact. The evidence to prove
these facts was being collected when
Chandler premaurely introduced the
matter in the Senate. The motion to
investigate the matter was first de
clared lost, then reconsidered and
finally went to the foot of the calendar.
If an investigation is ordered, the re
sult will be a whitewash after the man
ner of the secret sugar investigation,
unless Mr. Gorman, of his own fres
will, furnishes the evidence to estab
lish the charges. Gorman knows all
about it, and it depends upon whether
it is to Gorman's interest or not whether
the truth shall be told. This sham
tariff fight is nothing more or less than
a game of boodle. If there is free coal,
Mr. Cleveland and his friends will
make millions. If there is a tariff on
coal, the coal roads and coal barons
will continue to make their millions.
The question of the American work
men does not enter intoyt at all, and
yet these Senate and White House
boodlerstalk for hours trying to make
the American people believe that they
are toiling, sweating and working
through these hot summer months for
the sole benefit of the American work
ingman. Cor. Nonconformist.
New England, and more especially
Massachusetts, is fast becoming the
great trotting breeding center of the
world. Three of the fastest trotting
stallions and some of the fastest trot
ting mares in the world, including
Nancy Hanks, are owned in the old
Bay Stata It is a fact worthy of note
that Massachusetts breeders were
among the most liberal purchasers at
the recent Palo Alto sale in New York,
and they got the cream of the consign
ment, too Four of the animals which
brought from $1,000 to $5,500 each
were Bought by Massachusetts men.
POULTRY POINTS.
Fowls should be fed in the morning?
as soon as they can see to eat.
Corn at night, at least three times
a week, is an essential, ft furnishes ,
warmth.
The prepared bone meals, as we have
often stated, can never take the plac
of fresh cut bone.
The market calls for fat small tur
keys. The average consumer does not
want an overgrown turkey.
Some advocate feeding several times
a day, four or five, and there is some
good sense in the suggestion.
The injunction to keep clean the ves
sels in which either water or'food may
be given, cannot be too often urged.
The intelligent, enterprising manage
ment of poultry on the part of mny
women, "brings much money into tho
house.
Be sure to give food enough at night
to fill the crop full. Night is the only
time when the crop should be filled to
its utmost.
Say-all they please, corn is not an
egg producer. It serves with poultry
as it des with stock, to keep up the
heat, and that is pretty nearly all.
The hen is not endowed with a high
degree of 4intellect," but she knows
enough to know when she is kindly
treated, and will pay for tire kindness.
It is pretty difficult to accurately -diagnose
some of the ailments of poul
try, and hence the greater necessity of
preventing rather than curing disease.
Nearly all our success in production
is in assisting nature, and that is' what
we must do with the hen in winter. It
is her nature to produeo eggs in the
spring, but if she does it in winter, sha .
must be helped.
Never make the hens wait for their
breakfast while you do, in preparing
their meal, what could have been done
the night before. The mixing can be
done the night before. It will not tak
long to warm it. Farmers' Voice.
In 100 pounds of pumpkins, thereare
about 90 pounds of water, less than
half a pound of muscle makers, seven
pounds of fat formers and one tenth
pound of pure fat. Their greatest use,
therefore, is to add bulk and water to
the ration and to aid digestion, as suo
culent food seem to do, says the Rural
New-Yorker.
PLACING THE RESPONSIBILITY.
The eapitalistic press delights in
slandering honest people. It has said ,
repeatedly that capitalists won't invest
money where the People's party has a
stroDg foothold. Then why is so much
money lying idle in the New England
States, if such be the case? Why don't
they invest in New England? The
same capitalistic press says that busi
ness credit is bad in People' party
States. This statement is entirely un
true. Business credit is lower in the
South than in the Northwest. The
same depression is affecting every
State, but if it hurts one more than an
other, the following from the Farmers'
Voice, relative to Colorado, will ex
plain: The partisan press, with devilish hy
pocrisy and 8opaistry, points to the de
cline of prosperity in Colorado as the
result of Gov. Waite'd administration.
It describes the investment of foreign
capital in the mines, railroads and
lands of the state previous to the ad
vent of Populism and cites the fact that
prosperity has dwindled since Gov.
W aite's assumption of power. It is not
our special purpose to defend Waite or
his party io this connection. But a
more unf diir and deliberately false state
ment of the cause of an effect than that
the change in Colorado's business con.
dition is due to Gov. Waite and his
party was never made. Colorado was
prosperous until Congress took her by
the throat and nearly equeesed the life
out of her. With the fiend ishness of
an unnatural parent strangling a child,
the government stepped on a great Col
orado industry to please the money
loaning 8hylocks of this country and
of Europe. It closed the silver mines
of tne State, demoralized her industries,
threw thousands ous of rmployment
and spread despair throughout a great
prosperous State; and after this par
tisan perfidy had been shown, what
was there to attract capital into the
railroads and lands and mines of the
State to the same extent as before!
Capital is now going into the State
when there is anything to attract it.
It is flowing toward every gold mina
that promises results, lit is flowing in
whatever direction Congress and Sny
lockshave not hedged up. But it is
not going into the silver mines, for
Great Britain has issued its edict to shut
them up to shut up an American in
dustry and Congress hastened to obey
the command. Waite probably h&j
enoush sios to answer for all men
'have but he is not guilty of assassinat
ing tho prosperity of Colorado,
X.
t
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