W ' v - JU if nUWQQ WJT3 PI IDITHTD'
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
rOl. 9.
RALEIGH, N. C DECEMBER 11, 1894.
No. 44
-rH NATIONAL. FARMERS' At
ANCE ANU ItNUUd i KtAL t
UNION.
presidentMarion Butler, Golds xro,
V c
Vice-President J. L. Gilbert, Cali-
f0gtary-Treasuror--Ck)l. D. P. Dun
l?an, Columbia, 8. C.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
H Li. Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann
Pure Brandon, Virginia; I. fi Dean,
Honeove Falls, New York; H. C. Dem
ming. Secretary, Harrisburg, Pennayl
rania. JUDICIARY.
R A.. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
3 W. Beck, Alabama,
n'. D. Davie, Kentucky.
SOBTS CAROLINA FARMERS" STATE ALLI
ANCE. President J. M. Mew borne, Kinston,
N C
Vice President A. C. Shuford, New-
tC8 crrUxry-Treasurer W. 8. Barnes,
Raleigh, N. O.
Lecturer Cyrus Thompson, Rich-
laorts. N. C.
Steward J. T. B. Hoover, Kim City,
N C
Chaplain Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis
Door keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens
boro. N. C.
Assistant Door keeper Ja?. E. Lyon,
Durham, N. C.
Sergeant at Arms J. R. Hancock,
GreensDoro, N. C.
Suite Business Agent W. H. Worth,
Raleigh, N. C.
Trustee Business Agency Fund W.
A. Graham, Machpelan, N. C.
IXKOiniTS COMHITTEK OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA FARMER3 STATE ALLIANCE,
Marion Butler, Goldsboro, NT C"; J.
J. Long, Eoka, N. C. ; A. P. Hileman,
Concord, N. C.
gTATX ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMTTTESL
Jno. Brady. Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J.
F. Harrell. Whitville, N. C.; John
Graham, Kidgeway, im. J.
-Icrth Carolina Reform Press Association.
Others J. L. Ramsey, President;
Marion Butler, Vice-President ; W. 8.
Harms, Secretary,
PAPERS.
frosriesive Farmer. State Orsr&n, Raleigh, N. C.
vrAnx. TTir.knrv. N. C
Att)er. WhltMters, N. C.
or,,- nm. PeAverU&m. N.U.
The Populist, Lumberton, N. C.
TJbe Heoi-le's Paper. Charlotte. N. C.
t Tht- T"e fit ule. Concord. N. C.
The Piow-Briy. WaJbo-o. N.C.
naiovr Blade. Peanut, N. C.
Each of the above-named papers are
rtqtxstedto keep the list standing on
ls first page and add others, provided
fcwy are autjy eiecteu. Arty pvpcr j u,w
ir.g to advocate the Ocala platform will
btdrarmed from thelist vromvtlv. Our
peoote can now see what papers are
(nbthpa in tlxexr xnieresz.
EDITORIAL SUGGESTIONS.
Wheat should never be fed to horses
in large quantities. A small amount
may be mixed with oats or other feed,
and fed with safety to the animal.
As a profession, there is need of more
thorough study on the part of the
farmer th h ever before. Views must
be compared, and advantage of the ex
periecce of others must be taken, if we
are to keep abreast of the progress that
is being made in other professions.
The bakers will soon be wearing
diamonds that will rival in size and
brilliancy those that illuminated the
plumber-' shirt bosoms. Flour costs
cnly half what it did a few years ago,
yet the bakers Eell their bread for the
urn price as before, thus making two
cr three times the profits they formerly
did.
When a real estate owner in New
Zealand objects to the valuation of his
real estate for purposes of taxation, as
being too high, he ia allowed by the
asseors to put his own valuation upon
it, the government in this case reserv
ing the right to buy at .the owner's
valuation. There is an idea in this
wbi h might be utilized here, says the
American Agriculturist.
Cotton and wheat cannot be raised
profitably at present prices. All admit
that this is true. But it will be disas
trous to adopt the remedies proposed
by some a great reduction in acreage.
Diversify and vote right. You may
reduce the cotton yield to one million
bales annually, and if the same gang
cf goldbius and monopolists continue
in the tad die prices will be low.
The Michigan Agricultural College
baj inaugurated a collegeSxtension
course of reading on agriculture and
kindred subjects. The course comprises
five classes, Soils Crops, Live Stock,
G irdVn and Orchard, Home Making
and Political Science. Certificates are
given on the completion of the work
outlined in each book and class.and on
the completion of three classes, a diplo
ma. Tne examinations are optional,
nd any person may read in the course
without sending in reports or taking
laminations.
LIB. BULL'S RUPEES.
A LETTER FROM JUDGE ROBERT
W. HUGHES ON THE SILVER
QUESTION.
India and the United States
Light on the Consequences of Our De
monetization Act The Haw
aiian Question.
To the Editor of the Weekly PM:
I comply, in the following para
graphs,with your request for an ex
prssion of my views on the later
phases of the silver question. I write
earnestly, but sorrowfully. The con
templation of the facts to be narrated
makes my task a sad one, but I shall
write with what spirit the exasperat
ing topic may provoke.
British India is nearly as large as all
Europe, excluding Russia and Turkey,
containing more than 200,0C0,0C0 peo
pie, and possessing latent and patent
resources surpassing estimation.
Its productions are almost exclusive
ly agricultural, and its chief staples are
wheat and cotton. These facts make
this great dependency of the English
crown a rival of the United States in
the produce markets of Europe; India
is practically our only rival.
In the competition between the
United States and British India, in the
production of wheat and cotton, the
United States held the advantage up
to 1873 John Bull had tried to destroy
this advantage, by inciting a crusade
against African slavery in the South
ern States; and thereby gradually
bring on a bloody and destructive con
flict of sections in our country. He
had discovered a mote in Brother
Jonathan's eye in the form of slavery,
and had brought a world of trouble on
his American brother in extracting that
mote. But his victim survived the
trouble. The blood, carnage and deso-
lationa of civil war failed to destroy
our great industries. The negroes went
lustily to work on cotton, and produced
as much of it after the civil war as be
fore. The cultivation of wheat grew
apace all through the Union, the pro
duction increasing marvelously under
the influence of steam plova, steam
reapers and steam threshers in the
hands of stalwart yeomen.
We had another advantage over John
Bull; we produced a prodigious quan
tity of silver ; more than seventy-five
million of dollars" worth a year; and
were able to export fifty five or sixty
millions annually of this production.
Moreover, President Monroe had for
bidden John Ball's interference with
any of the sister republics south of us
for any purpose, whether for that of
securing control of any of theiiindus
tries of which silver mining was chief
est, or influencing their policy in any
respect.
Wheat, cotton and silver ; these were
the articles that constituted the bulk of
our balance of trade with Europe;
these were the articles most closely
connected with the trade and finances
of British India. The great staples of
our foreign commerce (as distinguished
from products grown and consumed
and not largely shipped, such as Indian
corn), are wheat, cotton and silver. It
was their supremacy in the exportation
of these staples that gave the United
States their marvelous, growth, pros
perity and wealth. They were about
to transfer to Uncle Sam the sceptre of
the seas.
John Bull saw his fate. By con
structing a vast system of railroads
throughout India at incalculable ex
pense, he had sought to stimulate in
the rich soils of the countries watered
by the Indus and the Ganges a produc
tion of wheat and cotton, which would
enable him to compete with us for the
wealth, power, prosperity and prestige
incident to the profuse production of
those staples. But, although he con
trolled a population of 240,000,000 sub
jects, while we could count but 65,000,
000 citizens, his railroads and his gigan
tic endeavors by these and other agen
cies to rival us in the production of the
two leading staples of commerce failed
of his object, and it became necessary
for him to resort to some abnormal ex
pedient to accomplish it. The expe
dient selected was what Mr. Goschen
calls 4 'financing."
As he nowhere possessed any valu
oble mines of silver, and, being the
sovereign of India, was a purchaser of
that metal, John Bull had nothing to
lose and much to gain by depreciating
theValue of silver.
The great hunger of India is for sil
ver; that metal is her passion; all the
silver that can be taken there is eager
ly absorbed in the trinkets and hoards
of her crowded millions of inhabitants.
When John Bull undertook to pro
cure the demonetization of silver by
rhe United States in .1873, the intrinsic
value of the silver dollar was three and
a half per cent, greater than that of the
gold dollar; the metal in the silver dol
lar being worth more as a commodity
in the market, than the metal in the
gold dollar by that premium. For
ninety years of our bimetal ic policy,
silver had never gone below the par of
gold, and often gone above it, before
1873
It is an undenied historical fact that
the act of 1873, purporting to be a re
visal of the laws relating to the nation
al mints, but which put a stop to the
coinage of the silver dollar and divested
that coin of its legal tender function,
was furtively passed. Neither the Con
gress which pasted it, nor the Presi
dent (Grant) who signed it, knew of
these important features of the act
The question of demonetizing silver
and closing against it the mints whica
had been engaged in its free coinage
since the beginning of the Federal gov
ernment, had never been presented to
j the American people, nor debated, nor
considered by them. The act which
effected this purpose was never author
ized by them; and, having been fur
tively passed in a period in which
specie payments were suspended, nt a
hundred people in the land knew for
years after silver had been demone
tized, that the fell trick had been prac
ticed. "
John Bull had formed the acquaint
ance of two incorruptible members of
Congress, one in each house; he never
deals with any but incorruptible man.
When he needs and confers with such
characters they immediately become
so rich that they scorn the bagatelle of
a bribe.
The metals which are called precious
metals derive their preciousness almost
exclusively from their being used as
money ; and they are coined into, and
decreed to be, money by the govern
ments in which they circulate. Sub
stances which have real intrinsic value
are disqualified for use as money-by
that fact; it is only substances that'
have little vajue except as money that
are coined by the public 'mints, and are
made legal tender by the flat of law.
John Bull, through several of his ablest
authors on public economics, has
thought that those who stickle for in
trinsic value in the paper and metals
of which legal tender money is made,
are dunces except those who are ras
cals, o
The closing of our mints to silver, and
its deprival by law of the legal tender
function, converted it in this country
into a mere commodity of commerce.
It immediately began to sink in value
and ran down in a short time to a
point at which the silver in a dollar was
worth only eighty cents. By that time
the American people came to a knowl
edge of the trick which had been secret
ly practiced in 1873, and required Con
gress to enact a law, in the Bland act,
remonetizing silver dollars ; that is to
say, restoring to it the legal tender
function, and requiring the mints to
coin two and a half to four millions of
them per month, from silver purchased
by the government for that purpose.
The mints, however, still remained
closed to the people. Nobody's 412i
grains of silver could be coined into a
legal tender dollar, but those bought in
open market by the government, from
silver offered there as a commodity.
Our production of silver was at least
$75,000,000 a year; our government's
purchases under the Bland act were but
little more than 30,000,000; and silver,
under this weak demand of a single
purchaser, went down and fell and
cheapened in the market.
By 1890, so frightful was the decline
in the market price of silver, that even
the incorruptible Sherman, still cher
ishing faint hopes of the presidency,
became frightened at the results of the
demonetizing act of 1873. He there
fore induced the passage of an act by
Congress authorizing the government
to purchase 4,500,000 ounces of silver
per month at market prices in open
market and to coin the metal into dol
lars and to store it in the treasury,
issuing certificates against it in the
form of treasury notes.
In pursuance of this Sherman act the
government thus took up just about as
much of our annual silver production
as would have been exported each year
to Europe over and above our home
consumption. This measure stayed the
fall of the price of silver in the market
and held ifc somewhere between sixty
and seventy cents for the dollar's worth
while the act was in force. But such
a result did not accord with the policy
of John Bull. He resolved that the
Sherman act should be repealed and
silver to sink lower in price in the
market. We know what a helloballoo
John Bull raided in this country in 1893 ;
that an extra session of Congress was
called ; that all the power of the Amer
ican executive and John Bull's agents
in this country was exerted to secure a
repeal of ,the Sherman act; that the
House of R presentatives passed the
repealing bdl promptly without debate
by a majority of some 140 votes ; and
that after hanging fire for some months
in -he Senate it final' y passed that
body. Then silver took another turn
ble in price.
Then J ohn Bull's moral sense became
again offended. He saw another mote
in Brother Jonathan's eye. He scorn
fully asked his American brother if he
thought that that sixty cent dollar of
hi which continued to pass all over
the world at its legal tender value of
one hundred cents, was an "honest"
dollar. His great writers had taught
that there was no money except what
the law of the country made so by its
fiat, and that none but dunces (except
rascal) would contend for intrinsic
value" in money, whether made of pa
per or metal; yet, nevertheless, John
Bull, employing the language of the
rascal, continued sneeringly to berate
Brother Jonathan for circulating his 80
cent, 70 cent, 60 cent, 50 cent dollar.
There was a beam, however, in John
Bull's own eye. He had clo?ed his In
i dian mints to the coinage of the rupee
i (rem silver brought to it by the ryots,
but wis running the mints up to their
highest capacity in the coinage of legal
tender rupees from silver he was buy
ing in the United States at the con
stantly falling prices which he had
managed to bring them down to there.
The par of a rupee is about forty eight
cents. About two and two-thirds rupees
are coined from an ounce of silver.
From time immemorial an ounce of
silver has bought a bushsl of wheat and
a silver rupee three pounds of cotton in
Iodia. The ryots of the Indus and the
Ganges are a race cf yesterday, to day
and forever. What they were a thou
sand years ago, they are now; and
! .what they are now, they are likely to
oe throughout the impenetrable future.
The ryots will take the same weights
of silver for their wheat and cotton
which they have done from the begin
ning of their race, regardless of its in
triasic value." But whether they are
willing to do so or not, there is John
Bull coining the silver he has bought
in America for half its money value or
less into legal tender rupees, held up to
their par value by the fiat of British
Indian law. and exchanging these coins
for Indian wheat and cotton.
So it is, so it is, so it is. John Bull
is now buying American silver at less
than 50 per cent, of its money value
and coining it into rupees of full money
value. He is buying Indian wheat with
silver which cost him only at the rate
of 50 cents for what he pays per bushel,
and Indian cotton with silver which
costs him only 6 cents for what he pays
per pound. The rates whichfhe thu9
pays fix the prices of wheat and cotton
in Liverpool. They determine the
prices of American wheat and cotton
in our own mat kets.
The result is, that the quotations for
cotton are leas than six cents, and Mr.
Corbin told me last week in Richmond
that the farmers of the Rappahannock
Jiad sold their wheat of 1894 for a net
of only forty eight cents a oushel. The
end is not yet. The prices of all ma
terial property are graded by the prices
of wheat, cotton and silver.
It has been announced in the English
parliament that the British government
expected to bring down the market
value of silver in the American dollar
to thirty two cents, which will put cot
ton down to five cents and wheat to less
than thirty -seven and a half cents a
bushel. Such a result is inevitable un
less a check be applied by ourselves to
a policy which is pauperizing our agri'
culturists, covering all our second
grade lands with brambles and briars,
and slowly and eurely converting our
great wheat and cotton growing
regions into a wilderness of lost indus
tries. The remedy is as simple as the cause
of the universal depression in the busi
ness of the country is obvious. It con
sists in restoring the financial laws and
reinstating the financial policy under
which our country grew up and pros
pered and flourished during the first
ninety years of its history, up to the
shameful year 1873.
Three fourths of the human race are
silver using and not gold using popula
tions. To establish closer relations with the
silver-using races, our government, re
fraining from trusting the work to a
corporation of tory capitalists con
trolled by cockney bond holders,
might, on its own account, take hold
of the Nicaragua ship canal, and push
it to prompt completion, bringing the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans and peoples
together,
The Sandwich Ielands are, of course,
ours by natural right, those necessary
stepping stones to Aeia, the reservoir
of commercial wealth. We get nothing
but hard bargains in our trade with
Europe. We obtain wealth untold,
which, is power immeasurable, from
trade with Asia. To command that is
for us to command this globe.
Why do New England statesmen op
pose annexation! All of our valuable
annex itions have been made by South
ern statesmen. Louisiana up to Can
ada, on the right bank of the Missis
sippi, by Jefferson; Texas by that true
Virginian, John Tyler; California,
which spread our country out to the
Pac fic, by Polk, a North Carolina Ten
nesseean. We don't want to annex
Asia or any part of her, but it is of im
mense importance that we command
her commerce. We cannot do this ex
cept by annexing the Sandwich Islands
It was Democratic Presidents who
made our country great by annexa
tions. Why should the present Demo
cratic President hesitate to follow such
noble precedents as Jefferson, Tyler
and Polk have set himf
But for the Hawaiian people who are
a dwindling handful, we need care
nothing. General S. C. Armstrong, of
the" Hampton Institute, in his letters
from the Sandwich Islands in 1880, said
of the Hawaiians that they had no
word for home, or mother, or husband,
or wife.
Annexation would plant American
civilization there and make those words
the foundation stones of that civiliza
tion. With the Nicaraguan canal and
the Sandwich , Islands part and parcel
of the Americ m Republic, John Bull
would again be baffled, and the re
morselecs wheels of manifest destiny
would again roll on, silver mouthed. .
It is a sorrowful thought that so
many thousands of American citizens
are -giving aid acid comfort to John
Bull in the most deadly war he ever
waged against the independence of our
country.
But the disloyalty has not ( xtended
to the masses of the American people.
They are fast becoming alive to the
danger that is sapping their prosperity.
TheyCre indignant at the tory ism of
the money class. They are in emeute
against the old parties and politicians
which have surrendered to the hypnot
izing power of the monometallic octo
pus. They are resolved in the good
year 1896 to drag down the men who
in the arrogance of undesert are filling
our country's high places of honor and
trust, and to replace them with men
who will realize that they have a coun
try to serve and to save.
Robert W. Hughes.
v The cool weather common at this
season of the year is the very best kind
during which to repaint the buildings,
fenc s and implements. By a very
little outlay for ready-mixed paints,
the salable value of every home can be
greatly increased and comfort assured.
v
MANAGEMENT OF BREEDING
SOWS.
I breed young sows for first litters at
from eight to twelve months old; I
prefer them twelve months old when
bred the first time, so they will be large,
strong, and well developed when they
farrow. I give them a good, warm,
dry place to sleep, and yard large
enough so that they will take plenty of
exercise. I use small houses. My far
rowing pens are -eight by eight feet,
four foot post behind and seven foot
post in front, boarded tight, with
shingeroof; the upper half of front is
made to take out to let in the sun and
to close to afford protection in bad
weather. I have no large hog house.
These farrowing pens make good sleep
ing quarters for the hogs in winter.
I feed young sows liberally ; all they
will eat ofbran, shorts and corn-meal,
varying the proportions of the feed as
an animal may require it. When oats
are cheap enough to feed I like to feed
equal parts of ground oats, ground
corn and shorts This makes a good
ration for young sows, pigs and old
hogs as well. For hogs that are well
matured I have for the last few winters
fed finely-cut hay, corn meal and shorts,
which has proved very satisfactory
with me. This is always mixed, wet
and fed in thick mass. I do not cook
nor steam any feed for hogs. I mix it
fresh as it is fed. I do not think there
is much danger of your sows getting
too fat. W. E, Spicer, in Breeders'
Gazette.
CREAM OF THE PRESS.
Hard Hits, Bold Sayings aud Patriotic
Paragraphs from Reform Papers
They are Worth the. Price of
One Paper a Whole Year.
Don't cry out against infidelity until
you learn how to vote as you pray.
Farmers' Outlook.
Those Democratic roosters will get
very tough before they have an oppor
tunity to crow j again. National Re
former.
Figures cannot lie, but Democratic
newspapers can juggle them so that
they look almost queered "Cumber
land, Miss., Times.
The only obj ct the people had in
view, as shown by the election returns,
was to skin Cleveland. He is ekun I
Southern Mercury. '
Mrs. Astor has a $60,600 dinner set,
for nabobs, etc, ; still hundreds of fools,
who are not worth 160, vote to continue
such. Arkansas Populist.
Any kind of prosperity that is ac
companied with five cent cotton and
forty cent wheat is not the brand that
is wanted or needed by the farmers.
National Reformer. .
Cleveland evidently will not "vierr
with alarm" the coming of the big Re
publican Congress. The members of
tuui purty uavo bcooq oy mm nereta-fore.-Aftssourt
World.
Why should the government of th
world be left to a gang of speculators
who place property interests as of mora
importance than human life and lib
erty Chicago Express.
We are confronted by two such utter
inconsistencies, as enough and to spare,
upon the one hand, while we have en
forced idleness and starvation upon the
other. People's Advocate.
The day is fast approaching when
human rights will be held more sacredly
than property rights When that-ar-
rives justice win ne one or. tne cardinal
virtues. Indust rial News.
Industry has been encouraged and
commended for a thousand years and
yet there are millions of men in tht
United States who are begging for a
chance to b'j industrior, Chicago
Sentinel.
During the year 1893 there were over
80,000 mortgage foreclosures and mgre
than 16,000 commercial failures in tht
United States. How long, O, Lord
how long must we submit to such gross
outrages ? Wt ekly Dawn.
It takes a big hole for Mr Cleveland
to crawl into, but he seems to haro
found one big' enough to hold him. It
looks, too, as if he had pulled the holt
in after him. He has not chirped eince
the elections Farmers' Voice.
If poor Mr. Carlisle was so opposed
to the free coinage of silver that he
never made a speech or wrote a line in
favor cf it in his life, why did he vote
for it in the House and in the Senate?
Some cuckoo should explain this.
Atlanta Constitution.
Five million voters did not vote, in"
the late election. This is the number
of men who were so disgusted with tht
old parties that they refused to vote.
In '96 their disgust will ripen into con
viction and they will vote people'!
ticket People's Advocate.
When a poor girl gets six and one
fourth cents for making a fine shirt,
don't wonder if the brothel is chosen in
preference to the "sweat shop." When
society makes it more remunerative to
live without virtue tharf with it then
will vice and crime increase. One can
live without virtue, but not without
food. Labor Advocate, Oshkosh.
Tne true reason wny tne people do
not control public affairs, is because
they have not the courage of their con
victions, and as a rule take no interest
in the political administration, and do
not inform themselves. Owing totheso
causes they are at the mercy of cor
rupt party leaders and a subsidized
veaal press. Pensacola Daily Times.
The Duluth Tribune says that tht
Imperial Mill of that place recently
turned out in 24 hours 6.520 barrels of
flour, a record exceeding that of any
other mill in the world. It takes
about 4 bushels of wheat to make a
barrel of flour; so for the product of
the day's run 29,340 bushels were re
quired. At an average yield of 15
bushels per acre this would take the
yield of 1,956 acres, or about six ordi
nary Minnesota farms if they were all
sown to wheat. The value of the wheat
ground into flour was about $17,017.
Chauncey M. Depew, Henry Irvic
and Dr. Horace Howard Furnesa hava
become members of the Edwin Booth
Shakespeare League of New York.