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0 21 THE 1NDUSTKIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. . RALEIGH, N. G, JANUARY 8, 1895. No. 47 ... TinMAL FARMERS' ALLI- T ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. president-Marion Butler, Golds ooro, NviUpresicient-J. L- Gilbert, Cali ' f0Wry-Treasurer--CJol. D. P. Dun- can. . ZZn a D. , Itonn Hd? Virrinfe: I. K Dean. r: J" Vircriniar I. E Dean. Sa Falls. New York; H. C. Dem !f Secretary. Harmburg, Pennayl- ve Falls, New York; H. C. Dem- Secretary, xaarrisuurg, i ouuoji- uu' - JUDICIARY. r A Southworth, Denver, Colo. r W. Beck, Alabama. M. D. Davie, Kentucky. ,OBTH CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALL! ANCE. i. t f iTnwhnrnfl. K"inston. president Vice- President-A. C. Shuford, New- feretory-Treasurer W. 8. Barnes, Ovrus Thompson, Rich iaSteward-J. T. B. Hoover, Kim City, u. . . mm O ;U. T I Chaplain ur. r. x. opexgui, ton, s. - T i IworKwpci-uw. , -w l .am. am -.j-w .u i -q a n bora in. Afflistant Door keeper- Ja.K Lyon, TWhftTTI N. G. Sergeant -at -Arms J. R. Hancock, Greensboro, N. C. State Business Agent W. H. Worth, Raleigh, N.C. Trustee Business Agency Fund w. a. Graham, Machpelan, N. C. rn-rTTTTVTC COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH Carolina farmers state alliance. Marion Butler, Goldsboro, N. C. ; J. J. LoDg, Eoka, N. C; A. F. Hiieman, Concord, N. C. grxra alliance judiciary oommittke. Jno. Brady, Gatesville, N. C.; Dr. J. F. Harrell. Whiteville, N. U.; Jonn Graham, Ridgeway, N. C. Brth Carolina Reform Press Association. OJJiceraJ. L. Ramsey, President; taricn Butler, Vice-President ; W. S, tames, Secretary, ' PAPERS. Pnzreeslve Farmer. Stte Organ, R&lelgh, N. C. rinooo- Raleitth. N. C Morcurv Hickory, N. C. Sftw1" ' WhitakeriN.C. fVir Home. Beaver Dam. N. C. The Popnli t, Lumberton, N. C. The People's Paptr, Charlotte. N. C, The Veetibule, m Concord, N. C The Plow-Boy. Wadesboro, N. C UhaIow Blade, " Peanut, N. C. Each of the above-named papers are TftZei SLtt hey are duly elected. Any paper fail- mg to advocate the Ocala platform will dropped from the list promptly. Our kmri now see what papers are ouhlished in their interest. EDITORIAL SUGGESTIONS. Of course, you realize that you can't get out of the ruts with the same force needed to stay in them. It will make the team sweat to get out, may be ; but the easier pulling comes alter you get out. Give the orchard and vineyard plenty of attention. The fruit and grape crop haa been a partial failure for some tifne, both as to yield and profit, but it may not always be thus. Every farm, large and fcmll, ought to have fruit trees. Keep the back barnyard as neat as the front: have the manure pile, the old board pile, the rubbish pile, always nn(W ttt. Mot-ft thft npatness of your place noticeable, and teach not only your own boys, but the whole neighborhood, lessons of beauty and thrift. Sheep and hogs are gd in orchards -how r,rpfprfthl to eheeo. because thev mnt: th A trmiind over and nreDare it for an application of fertilizer, Neither class pf stock is sufficient for the full amelioration of the soil to bring the orchard to its best productive capacity a 'fl,00M w, TAwrTnati. tnf-. -T v,oa k s w rtr. 8od is as good to produce corn as the virgin soil. Farmers are just awaken- in fn fna i m nnrt rti rft of unwind nil Email rrv ir fiMfl to clovpr. Tt iq tho finW forHliW wn hav d i " ""' - 7 covered." Don't forget the meadows. They Qeed food. Think what they are called QPon to do, year after year providing W. Feed them? Haven't got enough s&nure? Use bone and potash then. Don't you see that you are asking the Meadows to feed, not only the stock, fort the other parts of the farm as well? The Southern growers of peach trees J that it is impossible to successfully tivate the peach without a free use the pruning knife. Every winter key should be gone over, and the starved shoots cut out. Only ue strong, healthy, vigorous branches je left to bear leaves and flowers by he expert peach grower. HOW TO MAKE MONEY ON THE FARM. BY H. W. BUCKBEE, ROCKFORD SESD FARM, ROCKFORD, ILL Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. A START IN LIFE. Do not look beyond your reach for wealth, when it liea all about you. In this wonderful age of improvement, y." mUSt m0Ve 0n in the 6 of march. r Iet your next door neighbor dig the jewels Jrom the soil. Many of our yuuug men are not contented with the -i j . wcuutimi uiu aomesteaa. tne green fields, and much that makes one so in r j dependent on the farm, but in their anxiety for gain push out to the large cities, or gome distant land, where, in nine cases out of ten, they would have been hannier And w.lt.hi"r mon Vmrl iney put mat same lite ana energy on the farm. THE WORLD DEMANDS The wrld demands men who will work. The curaj of our country to day is the multitudes of idle ones who demand not only a living but even start right ixotning in mis life can De gained without hard work. Ra narpful m choosing an occupation; start right and the outcome will be fruitfulness. If you are interested in your vocation, and are industrious, your work, even though hard will be a pleasure. A WORD TO PARENTS. Try and interest your boys in your work. To do this you must encourage them in their small beginning. Stake out one acre of land for your boy for his own use. By this I do not mean the poorest land on your farm, but the very best, and see also to commence with that it is well enriched. Start Buckbek's Hot Bed For Plants. them right, as the first year's trial will be apt to decide their future. A FEW WORDS AS TO WHAT TO PLANT. "Pitt, in ormotriino' f.Hnti ia in flomnnfl - dthatalwayscom.nandsgoodprices: now many iarcners nave nrsi ciass seea corn that will test 95 per cent, when planting time arrives? A fine grade q geed CQrn that yourneignbor8 know is right in every respect will prove a very profitable 'investment for you. When you have an article to sell, give your cuatomers something that ia value received, and your trade is established, .The Bame hinta may DQ appijed to all varieties of grain. There is some good income awaiting you at your very doors; seize your grand opportunity. vegetables for profit. There is always money to be made in growing early onions for bunching Try a few of the best bottom sets to start with. They can be planted in rows one inch apart, fourteen inches between the rows, as soon as ground can be worked in the spring bow to prepare the soil Do not plant any crop until you have first given proper attention to tne preparation of your ground. . Plow thoroughly and do not leave any dead furroughs, unless ground is apt to overflow. If such be the case, it is to back furrough every forty feet, leaving dead furrows to carry off sur- Plua B7 continuing this method two seasons the land will be properly ridged, and will dry off quickly. This treatment applies to low lands only, Harrow the ground as soon as practi- cable, so as to pulverize all lumps ; then Plank one or 1)0111 ways. K ground w not then in fine condition, harrow and plank again. ONIONS FROM SEED. Onions from seed are one of the most profitable crops that can be planted. They do a h loamy soil, and unlike most vegetables, suc ceed well when cultivated on the same ground for successive years. They may be planted as early in spring as the ground can be worked, allowing four pounds per acre. Sow thinly in drills about one-fourth inch deep, and one foot apart between the rows. When the young plants are strong enough, thin gradually so that they will stand about three inches apart, keeping the surface of the ground open and free from weeds by frequent hoe ing, take, care not to stir the soil too deeply or to collect it about the grow ing bulbs. m t PEAS FOR MARKET. ) Peas are also money makers, av fisould be planted the very first day L , mmmmm, . 1 the spring that the ground can be worked, as a few days make a great difference in your returns. Three to four hundred dollars are often real ized on the crop. One of the best ! early Peas is the Lightning Express, and for a heavv vield and earliness. they are hard to beat, as tney ripen very evenly and are a sure cropper. The sweetest early Pea for family use is American Wonder, or McLeans Lit tie Gem, and always command the very highest price in the market, but are not as heavy yielders as the Light ning Express. For market use, plant in rows three feet apartp sowing quite thickly in the row at a depth of three inches. From one to two bushels of seed are required to plant an acre in this way. By a succession of sowings, about two weeks apart, fine peas may be had all summer. By giving your best attention to this crop, keeping ree from weeds and well cultivated, you will feel richly repaid. marketing. Care should be taken in having your peas picked at the proper time, as customers desire them fresh and tender. See that stock is clean, give good measure, acd cover baskets with rhubard leaves so that stock will pre sent a clean and fresh appearance when offered for sale. By a little euch care and forethought, you will very soon build up a reputation for your goods that will enable you to quickly dispose of them at the highest market prie. When peas have all been mar keted, plan your land and prepare for a crop of late Cabbage, and thus turn our soil to account each day oQ the season. One of the best late Cabbages is the new unristmas Kin. Seed may De sown in May .and transplanted to field last of June or first of July, three to three and one-half feet apart, so as to admit of cultivating with horse culti vator both ways. This crop needs rich soil and good cultivating while growing, thereby insuring your a pro Stable investment. These hints, with others which will suggest themselves to you, will I trust, crown your labor with success. it may De disputed wnetner it is nececsary to warm water for older ani rnals, but all young stock should have water with the chill taken off of it to drink in winter. The digestion of young animals is weak,' and drinking ice cold water makes it worse. It is this cold water that makes rough, staring coats on calves and colts, no matter how well they may be fed. BRO. TYSON'S VIEWS V As to Political Matters Some Sugges tions Given. Correspondence of the Progrepsive Farmer. Prosperity, N. C. In the recent election the People's party was partially successful, but not to the extent that their cause merits I will submit a few remarks relative to the causes that doubtless prevented said success, (for the people were ripe for a flop) and howto obtain such sue cess in future : objectionable features. 1. The general opposition to a pro tective tariff. 2. Certain plans of the Farmers' Alii ance, such as buying the railroads, sub treasury plan, &c. 3. There was not a sufficiency of lib eralitv shown the negroes, or colored people. The above three causes combined doubtless served as ghosts, and thus prevented many people from lighting in the People's party when they flopped. the remedy. - A conference should be called in the near future to meet at some central point, say the Capitol in each State, and representatives of the people from each county should be sent thereto. Said State conferences should appoint dele gates to meet in a general conference at Washington City, or some other point, and there abandon all their -technical differences as to sects and unite under one name, which should be the Populist party ortho People's party. The basis should be sufficiently broad and liberal for all people, who are opposed to the heresies of the two old parties, and who desire an increase in the volume of the currency (the only measure that will setvthe wheels of in du8try to moving. tT come in and unite on said basis. V I will not consume spac to give my views under the headings 1, 2 and 3, more, than that there is a great neces sity for us to unite junder one name V -mm' 1 . and ior one general purpose tne pro curing of legislation favorable to the great masses of the people. Bryau Tysoit. TRUE REMEDY FOR LYNCH LAW. Front the American Law Review of Boston and St Lonis. In the United States by the S'.ate official reports for 1892, the last which have been compiled, there were 6.791 homicides. In that year for homicides and all othercapital offences (number of latter not given) there were 107 ex editions by process of law antr 237 by ynching. Taking the reports for ten years 1883-1892 the average has been more than two executions by lynching for one executed by law. . The cause of lynching is not a spirit or awlessnees. As a rule the men who participate in it wish ardently to en force justice. The truth is society feels that it must protect itself. Whenever society has lost confidence in the promptness and certainty of punish ments by the courts, then whenever an offence sufficiently flagrant is com mitted, society will protect itself by a lynching. There is the whole story. It is the case of the Vigilance commit tee of San Francisco over again. THE REMEDY for lynching is to restore the confidence of society in the just, prompt and effi cient trial and punishment of criminals. The trial of a capital case when the prisoner is guilty, generally is not so much an investigation of the truth of the real matter at issue as a display of legal skill on the part of counsel which is usually sufficient to prevent the execution of the just sen tence of the law. L3t the trial be speedy and the pun ishment, if there is a conviction, be prompt and certain. Remove the tech nicalities which render so many trials a travesty. Abolish the delays and continuances which baffle jastice and which make punishment at the end of along chase take on the appearance of revenge rather than justice. Do these things and pot only lynching willdis appear, but the grand ancu il total of over 10.000 capital offences will shrink wonderfully. Take an ordinary trial for murder. The first step is delay. The second step is delay, and then as many more delays as possible. The clearer the guilt of the defendant, the more zeal ous his counsel is, of course, for all the delay ho can get. Witnesses may die or leave the country, or their memories of the transaction become less exact and the public sentiment in favor of the execution of the law becomes hope less and is dulled. The remedy for this is to require the trial to be the term at which the indictment is found Or, if for any reason, a continuance is necessary, the term of the court should be adjudged, after the transaction of other business, to a day named in Che continuance which shall be the earliest day practicable. Then we come to the trial. There EVERY POSSIBLE ADVANTAGE is given to the defendant and every possible disadvantage is imposed on the prosecution. The prisoner in most oi tne states is allowed many more challenges than this State. In North Carolina he is even allowed 23 while the State has only 4. The prisoner's guilt must be shown beyond reasonable doubt. Twelve jurors must concur in finding him guilty. He has the great advantage that erroneous rulings of "the presiding judge in his favor; can not be corrected ; while a single erro neous ruling against him vitiates the whole proceeding. The sympathy of the jury in favor of a fellow being in jeopardy of his life is easily appealed to and readily evoked. Technicalities surround the trial from start to finish and are quickly availed of by skilled counsel, is one that is violated. No wonder that under these circum stances conviction and punishment for a capital offence are ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE where the prisoner or his friends can procure able counsel and that society, feeling outraged at the useless expendi ture for its courts, so often executes justice without the sanction of the law. In vain do the executive and legislative departments strive to lessen the growing evil. As long as the judi cial department fails, or is prevented from promptly 4and justly investigating the charges and denouncing sentence upon the guilty, so long will this irreg ular species justice grow and abound more and more. The enormous disadvantages at which the State is placed in such trials and the numerous technicalities of which the prisoner can avail him were inven ted by the humanity of the courts at a time when the prisoner was neither allowed the benefit of counsel nor to crodfetamine the witnesses against THE him nor to have witnesses summoned in bis own behalf unless he could pay for them. This state of things having long since ceased to exist, the disad vantages then imposed upon the State should also cease. It will be a SUFFICIENT PROTECTION for the innocent to retain the require ment that his guilt must be shown be yond a reasonable doubt and that the verdiet of guilty can only .be pro nounced by the unanimous verdict of a jury. The sympathy of the jury for a fellow being on trial for his life will always be stronger than the desire to vindicate the outrage upon society, and euch sympathy can always be readily appealed to by eloquent counsel. The number of peremptory challenges should be reduced and an equal number say six, allowed the State and the defendant. This has al ready been done in Illinois, Connecti cut, Rhode Island, Florida and Colo rado, while in Massachusetts the State has more challenges than the prisoner. Where, as in North Carolina, the pris oner has 23 challenges without any cause shown, in addition to all the chal lenges for cause, it practically amounts to his selecting the jury to, try him self. He can almost always, with good management, get at least one friend on the jury to prevent the required unanimity. . Then the STATE SHOULD BE ALLOWED to except to erroneous rulings of the judge as well as., the defendant and to appeal from a verdict of not guilty ob tained by such erroneous rulings. This was formerly the law in North Caro lina and elsewhere. It is, for potent reasons, necessary to return to it. As to the numerous technicalities' which are so sure to be evoked for the prisoner the proper course is the one pointed out in the resolution adopted at the last meeting of the State BarAf socia tion oi ueorgia, wnicn was. m enect, "That.on all appeals in criminal as well 'as civil cases, the appellate court shall not grant a new trial for any error in the instructions to the jury, or in the allowance or disallowance of challenges, or in rulings upon evince or in other rulings of the presiding judge, unless in shall appear to the sat isfaction of the appellate court that such error probably and reasonably affected the result adversely to the appealing party." In common sense view of things it is clear that there should not be a new trial except in such cases. Legal reforms rarely avail without the cordial support of the bar. Let these REASONABLE REFORMS be refused and society will continue in flagrant cases to dispense with judges, juries and lawyers in vindicating its right to protection against murderers and those who commit rape. The pur pose in hanging a man is not to reform him, but to deter others. To have that effect the punishment must be prompt and certain whenever guilt is clear beyond all reasonable doubt. This principle, which is so often ignpred by the courts, is the one which in stinctively actuates lynching mobs. The principle is, in itself, right, and courts should act upon it and not leave it to be at once a motive and a plea for the illegal execution of justice, Walter Clark. Raleigh; Ni C. THE END IS NOT YET. We briefly referred last week to the crushing Democratic defeat in Bir mingham, Ala, The machine made candidates were beaten in every ward. All went down, bosses and heelers to gether 'in one red burial blent," so to speak. The people of Birmingham had got tired. They had also got angry. All over the country it has been and is the same story. The people of Buf f alow got tired and angry ; where is Boss Sheenan? The people of Brook lyn got tired and angry; where is Boss McLaughlin? The people of New York City got tired and angry; where is Tammany? The people of North Caro lina got tired and angry; where is Boss Ransom? In cities and States the tired and angry people have rolled up their sleeves and sent the rascals, big and little, to the rear. Every now and then some rascal is heard comforting himself and his fel lows with the announcement that this widespread popular revolt against po litical and administrative rascality has nearly spent its force. Not much. It is gathering new force all the" time. There are worse times ahead for those fellows much worse. The more pru dent and discerning of them are al ready hurrying to cover. Elizabeth City North Carclinian. THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT PROBLEM. "Harry Hinton" Likes Our Ideas About a Non-Partisan Judiciary. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. I rise to second the motion to your county government plan. I have said it before, and will say it again, that the Farmer's Alliance is the political salt wherewith the country will be saved (if saved at all) from all that plutocracy and mammon implies. The non partisan idea is the sword which will cut the gordian knot which binds , the-p'eople in slavery. All the execu tive and judicial officers are from the functions of their offices and the trend of their duties, non partisan, or should be. What is a legitimate party for? To propagate certain principles and, policies to be enacted into law. Whose business is this? The business of the people. What is the legislator's duty t To crystal(ze said principles into law. I have said ic before, and say it again, that our governmental system is sub verted and turned topsy turvy from all the true intents of its founders. The people no longer rule. Their votes is a nullity. A few . degenerate party leaders rule the people, and like galley slaves they bend their backs to the lash. Back to the point: A non-partisan executive and judiciary to be chosen from all three parties. This would represent the whole people. They, execute the law, not party, and there fore should be neutral as to party law and party principles. It is none of their business. It is the business only of the people, the source of all law and power. In accordance with these old time land marks the magistrates, the county commissioners and the judi ciary should be divided among at least three parties to make abortive a close compact party power. The situation makes this advisable. Fortunately, too, it is the evolution of one of the grandest principles that has occurred since the dawn of history. Washington lamented party evil. All writers have said party was an evil. Most all free countries have sunk be nekn party wrangle. It is an evil which no statesman could find a mean's to obviate. It must go on with a horde of office seekers and base men accelerat ing its motion. The Farmer's Alliance steps upon the political arena and solves the problem. None but the people and the law makers have aught to do with party. It remains-now to crystalize this undisputed principle into law. It was the duty of the farmers to have attended to this matter long ago. They and some political men of other professions made the Constitution and the government what it was, ar d it was their duty to see that it went not wrong. They are to blame for deliver ing over their creation to schemers an$ bad men. None of our rights have been bequeathed to us by parties. All of our woes are the outgrowth of parties lead by corrupt and corrupting men. Have we civil rights and civil liberty? No party gave it as a matter of prin ciple honest and true. Have we re ligious liberty? No sect gave it to us which was in the ascendant. Will we lose our rights and liberties? It will be by parties and sectarians. Then strike a blow at party power and you. sap the foundation stone of the money power and of sectarianism. Parties are -good for the people, for officers of the law baneful indeed. Wish we had time to evolve this non partisan principle more plainly and to show its beneficial workings to its fullest extent when properly crystalized into law. I have heard that H. G. Ewart is a candidate for United States Senate. That is well. He is a big man and rides always above the storm. What ho thinks he owes to his State, and to h&j people he will do he has the courage of his convictions. I have known him and watched him (or a time. It make? a man small it matters not however great his powers may be, to surrender his best thought to outside pressured Ewart is not small in that way. How ever, being a Populist and a red-eyed calamity howler, JLstippoee it is nono of my business, but I can be allowed tcy express myself by passing a tribute cf respect to the several good and great men whom I have heard were can didates on the Republican ide, bnt whom I har)pen not to know eo welL W. R. LIND3AY. Those who are willing to makeclavca of their children by interest bearir bonds, deserve nothing for themselves but to be elavco. Let ua hope the chil dren will have courage and. hener ts throT7 cf the jcto. Chicago Lz?
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 8, 1895, edition 1
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