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WITT) A H 1) TjI O H TW M Zfl f W 'Hi j - ' t THE ItfDUSTEIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLEPAEAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N.CL MABCH .12, 1895. No. 5 foL 10 TioNAI- FARMERS' ALLI- ANCE and industrial UN1UPI jsident-J. iTwUletts, Topeka, ce-Prcsident-H C. Suavely, Leb- , Columbia, 8. u EXECUTIVE BOARD. rr Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann '5noye Falls, New York ; H. C. Dem cretary. Harnsburg, Pennsyl MarionButler, Raleigh, N. C. JUDICIARY. . n. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo, o v7. Beck, Alabama. 5. D. Davie, Kentucky. 0E73 CA.ROLISA FARMERS' STATE ALLI- Preeident-J. M. Mewborne, Kinston, S Vice-President A. C. Shuford, New N C :08etaiy-Treasurer W. B. Barnes, f Lecturer Cyrus Thompson, Rich I itte wdJ. Tr B. Hoover, Elm City, Ilain-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis-jDoor-keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens boro, IN. u , , T Assistant Door Keeper o us. su. uu, lurham, N. C. ftprrcant-at Arms J. R. Hancock, Jreensboro, N. C. Rtate Business Agent W. H. Worth, J Trustee Business Agency Fund W. k. Graham, Machpelah, N. C. Executive committee of the north 0A30UNA FARMERS1 STATE ALLIANCE. xrari RntlPtr Ooldsboro. N. C: J. r r fnVa "M O. A TT1 Hilpman. If. UUUg, JJXkl, v. , 1 Concord, N. C. . TATE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY OOMMTTTES. Tr, Prarlv ntttmnllft N. O Dr. J. p. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; John praham, Ridgeway, N. C. . barth Carolina Reform Press Association. Oncers J. L. Ramsey, President; arion Butler, Vice-President; W. & ter.ies, Secretary, PAPERS. wcresalve Farmer. State Organ, Raleigh, N. C. KfSer:, WhiUkers, N. C. tut Home, Beaver Dam. N. O. Hie Populist, Lumberton, N. C. The People's Paper. Charlotte, N. C. The Vestibule, TT, Concord, N. C. naicTr ciaae, x-eanut, . v. frwh nf Hi, above-named naner are fjL&sied to Jeeep the list standing on m Prat nnrto rtnrl rtrlrl rfhjra ryrrmiifil y are duly elected. Any paper fail rg to advocate the Ocala platform will )s dropped from the list promptly. Our xzle can now see what papers are T&tihed in their interest. EDITORIAL SUGGESTIONS. Cattle destroy more pasture by Reading it down than they do by eat ing the grass. Hence it is advised to Jvide the pastures ifcto several lots, When fertilizers are necessary, the astefulness of letting the home made aaaure so to waste and buvine arti- I u m ' rcial fertilizers' should not be practiced. A Wisconsin farmer practices haul g out his manure daily. The land jhen must get the benefit of all of it, pg. Clean and careful culture is what iunta. Don't listen to the slip shod jtan, for you will miss it if j ou do, and I is far better to miss heeding what he ?ya than to misa the mark you are liming at. As a general rule young trees should r pruned while dormant, as pruning hen m leaf 13 more or less injurious, hile in many cases old trees are made ore fruitful by giving pruning during fOwth. jln order to secure-the best growth j-d thrift, the orchard should have as -od attention as any other crop. Be re the trees are planted out the land puld be thoroughly prepared and in )od condition. Pear trees do not thrive well in a wet -il. Well drained land ia better, ma jired liberally, in order to receive fine pit. Cut the tops back in order to Went too tall a crowth. Prune suffi knt every year to receive a good form. Farmers do not make enough of ood as a fArtilirnr- Procure them en if they must be paid for. 'Clover fld &H leguminous plants supply nitro- 1 n, but they cannot grow without & ppiy m0f potash. It is cheaper to j-rnish the potash, that the clover ray bring the nitrogen. A. Canadian customer of a Chicago Hin commission house has this to say jwut feeding wheat: "I have been .-ingCwheat to my horses to the ex- I 310n oats, it is so cheap. It is a pat success. I feed a quart of wheat ,ee times a day along with hay. I Ceve a quart of wheat ia as good aa quarts of oats." ESSAY, In the Interest of Reform. BY MRS. SARAH E. MITCHELL. Read in Bertie County Alliance and ordered published. Mr. President, Brethren and Sisters: It is a well-known fact that this country is in a deplorable, critical, and and fearful condition. And we have some brave and noble men and women who do not hesitate to speak before any man, or all men, and tell of this condition, the' causes thereof, and the terrible calamity impending. They tell us that starvation and nakedness stalks abroad in a land of plenty, mainly because through the contraction of the currency, the money sharks are enabled to manipulate the price of all commodities, and thus rob the laborer of his hard earned wages. They also lay the blame on the pub licervants of the people, for having legislated in favor of the few and against the many, in favor of capital and against labor, in favor of the usurer and against both the producer and the consumer. And they likewise . warn us that un less these laws are repealed, that this republic is as certain to fall as the sparks are to fly upward. Brethren, this is true. Is this a fair picture of our grand country to day? I suppose every one in this hall will an swer yes. This being conceded, it naturally be comes the duty of every person who loves his country, to use every endeavor that lies in his power to avert so hor rible a calamity . But there are many, alas I too many, who see these things just as they are, but who are so cow ardly that they dare not raise even one warning note against those who are responsible for this state of affairs. Brethren, why is it, that the minis ters of the gospel are so strangely silent upon the issues now staring this people in the face? They profess to be called of God, to stand upon the wall of Zion, and cry aloud and spare not, and to make no uncertain sound. But to warn the the people of all dangers that threaten, and every enemy that menaces. Yet here is this arch enemy, the money power, that has, over and often, in days gone by, overthrown the most powerful republics thaf have ever been established on the face of this earth, and has built for itself on the ruins thereof a throne and a sceptre. I say, this enemy is to-day in our midst, bending every energy and try ing all means to destroy this republic, and to possess itself of the lands (which rightly belong to all God's creatures,) and to bring His servants into subjec tion unto itself, AND SCARCELY A SINGLE JONAH TO WARN US OF OUR PERIL. Is Jonah still afraid of the Ninevhites? Let him remember the whale. Brethren, I am neariiig fifty, and have been a church-goer all my life, and I have been a member of the-Missionary Baptist denomination thirty years. It is quite probable that I have averageoVhearing twenty sermons per year. Twenty times fifty are even one thousand. But to be on the safe side, I will halve it and say I hav eheard five hundred sermons in my life. Yet in all these sermons never, to my recol lection, did I ever hear one of the fol lowing texts preached from: 'Tne love of money is the root of all eviL" 'The laborer is worthy of his hire." "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye. of a needle, than for a 'rich man to enter into the Kingdom of God." "Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites f for ye devour widows1 houses, and for a pretense make long prayer," or "Woe unto you also, ye lawyers 1 for ye load men with burdens grievous to be borne, and ye yourselves touch not the burdens with one of your fingers." All of which is very applicable to the present time. Brethren, did any of you ever hear one of these texts expounded from the pulpit? If so, you have certainly been more fortunate than I. Now, brethren and sisters, if the old adage, "Silence gives consent," is true, then we are forced to the conclusion that all those who see the condition of -our country, and keep silence, are cer tainly consenting with sinners. But we should be thankful that the Lord has given us some true and tried men, who are bravely and faithfully performing their duty, such as Butler, Skinner, PeSer, Stewart, Weaver and a host of others. But you will notice that none of these have R e v. or D. D. attached to their names. - Occasionally we do have a Reverend or a Doctor of Divinity, who has the mmhood to stand up in the very face CLEVELAND RECEIVING FRED DOUGLAS AND WIPE. Joe Daniels was not Master of Ceremonies, as represented above, but has endorsed Cleveland year after year. of the plutocrats and expose their mis deeds; notably, Talmage, Dixon, and Speight. And they deserve our thanks, for such as they are nearly as scarce as nen's teeth. I have had preachers to say to me, "You can say anything you choose, but we cannot. Cannot speak the truth. Is that what they mean? Must they hide their light under a bushel, for fear of moneyed men? God forbid. But if they know the truth, in the name of suffering human ity, let them proclaim it from the housetops, that all men may take warning in time to save oxlr country from the devastation now hoveriDg over it, like the vulture, with outspread wings, only waiting until the toils which cunning hands have set, shall have been fastened so securely that no earthly power can loose them. Then, in all its blackness, will it swoop down upon us, take possession of our lands, rob us of our liberties and wreck our lives. Once in a while one of our great learned sages (editor of a religious paper) does condescend to give us some questionable advice concerning hard times, and the remedies therefor, such as this: If the farmers would demand less and raise more, there would be no hard times. While at the same time we are told that '"overproduction" causes hard times. Possibly, though, they mean overproduction of fools and knaves. Another of the earth's wise ones, a Doctor of Divinity he is, too, tells us that it is wrong for politicians to go about informing the common people that they are legislated against, and in an unhappy condition. He says he be lieves in magnifying our blessings and minifying our troubles, and so being contented and happy. Such stuff as this reminds me of an anecdote I once read. An aged sister was, on the point of starvation, and one of her well to do brethren came in to comfort her.. She related her con dition. The brotherknelt and prayed the Lord to give her grace and every spiritual gift. But the sister responded, "Lord, send potatoes." Now this same editor, who furnishes the first ;ad vice, and who in column publishes and endorses the learned Doctor's sickly sentimentality of mag nifying and minifying. In the next column, speaking of maintaining those under his o wn charge, instead of apply ing the able Doctor's wise(?) rule, says: Brother farmer?, send us some pota toes. We should send empty blaskets, and advise that the emptiness be mag nified into potatoes. But in all soberness we would be thankful for a little more practicability and not quite so much spirituality in the advice given us. Spiritual bless ings are all right, to be sure, but hungry mouths and ragged limbs need food and clothing. And I for one do not believe that magnifying and minifying anything will fill the bill. In fact, I do not believe in magnifying and mini fying anyway. But I believe in the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. According to the Scriptures, let your yea be yea, and your nay be nay ; for more than this cometh of evil, and we should not do evil that good may come. However, complaining of evil and prescribing no remedy, cannot possibly bring any result. So I will mention a remedy that I think will convert our pastors into aa veritable calamity howl ers aa we ourselves are, JUST CUT THEIR SALARIES INTWO IN THE MIDDLE. Let every reformer subscribe for pastor's salary just one half what he has been in the habit of paying, and you will hear a' calamity sermon the next time you go to church. Then, when we hear calamity from the pulpit, instead of "peace, peace, when there is no peace, then will the people be warned ; and I fear not until then, for they have been taught from their cradles that the shepherd careih for the sheep, and that the ministers of the Gospel are - the shepherds who careth for them, and who will guard them from all dangers. Brethren, I would that I were a Cicero, that I might declare unto you, and unto laboring men everywhere, that if you would have lands, that if you would have liberty, you must vote out of office the rascals who are trans forming our once happy country into a land of serfdom, and vote better men into office. - May the Lord speed the day when this shall be done. " THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WHIP-POOR-WILL AND NIGHTHAWK. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Guilford College N. C. The idea entertained by many people that the two above named birds are identical is an erroneous one. As I have often heard persons ask if there is really a difference in the two, I wish to say a few words concerning them with the hope that if readers of The Progressive Farmer are in doubt they may have a correct idea as to their dis tinction. The whip poor will and nighthawk (or bullbat, as it is often called,) do re semble each other closely both in form end habits. A close observer, however, will not fail to notice a marked differ ence in both. They are very near rela tives, these travelers of the evening shades, in fact being first cousins and bearing just the same relations a3 does the robin to the wood-thrush or the crow to the rayen. - One other representative of this family is found in the South. This is the chuck-wilts widow, occuring spar ingly in Eastern Carolina, more plenti ful in South Carolina increasing in numbers as one goes farther South. The nighthawk reaches Central Caro lina in the spring about the middle of March, and owing to the abundance or scarcity of certain flies and insects on which it feeds, is common or rare in given localities. Within two weeks after the first ones reach us the greater number have ar rived and mating begins at once. The courting is carried on in broad open twilight high in air. where all may see. Round and round the meadow they fly, then off over the woods we hear their peculiar squeak as they chase each other pf ten far into the night. The eggs are two in number, being placed on the bare ground in ploughed fields, in meadows, in the woods and 'have even been found deposited on the flat tops of houses in large cities. Late in the summer when the young are able to fly about with their parents they often accumulate in large numbers to feed, flying low over a field infested by catarpillara and flies. On such occa sions they are often shot in large num bers, notwithstanding they are ridding the air of some of the farmers' worst pests. A short time afterwards in straggling flocks they begin their long journey South. The winter is spent in Florida, the West Indies and some even go farther towards the tropics. The whip poor-will also its winter in the South. In Guilford county the first ones are heard about March 15th. Nowhere abundant, they are more or. less common in all parts of the State. Their eggs, as every one knows who has been so fortunate as to spend a portion of his life in the county, are placed on the ground on dead leaves or pieces of bark. Unlike the nighthawk, the nest is usually in a sheltered place, a little thicket or beneath the spread ing branches of a low tree. Such shel tered places seem to be chosen as if to shield the eggs from the hoofs of feed ing cattle. Not until the twilight has deepened into gloom does the whip-poor-will come forth. . Then from the fence rail or low limb does his plaintive cry arouse his friend in the neighbor ing thicket to answer. The flight con sists of short excursions, and is not long protracted lik&that of the night hawk. It is not a very easy matter to capture a whip-poor-will or get a good view of one, this probably one reason why many are unable to distinguish the two birds. The one mounted speci men now in our Museum I secured late one evening as it sat on the bent stem of a low apple tree calling loudly. Cautiously approaching and stooping low so as to bring the tree in outline against the sky, I saw on the old bent trunk the bird as it raised its head as the call issued. It was secured by a fortunate shot. It will be remembered that the plumage of birds is well adpted to the mode of life they lead. Thus in the hawk, which feeds by day, the feathers lie close, thewings are hard and com pact, as it depends for its prey on its rapidity of flight and ability to turn quickly on short angles.- In the owl, which procures its food by stealth, the wings are not so powerful, the feathers are very long and fit loosely over the Doay. inus me mgm is renaerea al most noiseless ; thus, too, the abundance of long feathers serve to keep off the chills of night. Equally true, but not so marked is the plumage of the two birds now under discussion. The night- hawk flies more by .day, its wings are more powerful and the feathers are not so long and lie closer than those of the whip-poor-will. By examining the mounted epeci mens in the Natural History Collec tion here, the birds show the following marked difference in general appear ance: The nighthawk is in length 9 inches, extent of wings 23 inches, tail a little over 4 lncnes. Tne bacJEr mostly black, being mottled with brown ana grey. Breast barred with white, black and iron colored markings. Wings dusky with a large white spot mid way the primaries and extending over five of the large outer wing feathers. By these spots the bird may be easily distinguished when .flying over. In length the whip poor-will is about the same as its more agile cousin, but the extent of wings is not so great by six or seven inches. The wings are much more rounded, are dark in color and crossed by spotted bars of . Tail feathers black, the tips being white in the male and tawny in the female. When the young begin to demand the attention of the parent, the whip-poor-will ceases to call. When the last days of summer arrive our nocturnal song ster is pluming his feathers for the long flight towards the South. In the early autumn as one sits out all night by the tobacco barn the whip poor will's song ia no longer heard, and the weary watcher during the long hours of dark ness hears only the chirp of the katy did, the shivering note of the screech owl or the long drawn challenge of the cock from the neighboring farm-house. The whip-poor-will haa sought a more Southern clime. T. GILBE3T PCAESON. I CREAM OF THE PRESS. Hard Hits, Bold Sayias and Patriotic Paragraphs froa Reform Papers- They are Worth tlae Price cf One Paper a Vfccle Year. The most ceriona question confront ing the people of the United States ia how to restore the government to the people. Ottawa Journal. When Cleveland feat fishing at Buz zard's Bay, he haa th country on the hooks as a bait for geld suckers. Brocktmn Diamond. The Alliance' ia educative in its basic idea and principlea Educate your selves and your children. Circulate Alliance literature. Cetton Plant. Wealth, prejudice and ignorance constitute the great triumvirate of obstacles to true reforra and advance ment. Empiria Times. The greatcst'eurse to the great indus trial masses ia ignorance. The few succeed because the masses are not in formed or organized. Cotton Plant. Hog Island and Buzzard's Bay will go "thundering down the ages, as the wallowing place of the biggest hog that ever rooted up the garden of liberty, Exchange. The more national banks the greater their influence and the more difficult it becomes to secure the restoration of a real, sound currency system. Pen sacola Daily Times. How much longer will the people of this country remain divided in two parties, each representing the money power? The people have no one to rep resent them. Peoples Tribune. The Populist vote in Congress waa the only party vote cast as a unit. But then, this is not surprising. It ia the only party that says what it means and means what it says. Brockton Dia mond. The reform papers tumbled at once to the pretended fight between Carlisle and the bankers. They unanimously pronounced it a farce. There are sen tinels on the watch towers of liberty. People's Tribune. The Republican legislature of Cali fornia has put itself on record as favor ing free eoinage of silver at a ratio of 16 to 1, and government ownership of railroads. The world ia progressing. Labette Times Statesman. The Senate 'came near passing a sil ver bill Tuesday, but it is as well they did not. Even if the cuckoos of the House would pasa it, the hangman from Buffalo would put his paw on it with a veto. Helton Tribune. The Standard Oil Trust, gobbles the Chicago gas combine. Is this the reason why the Standard Oil's Chicago University cannot stand a professor who advocates municipal ownership of gas works. Netw Ytric Voice. . A Washington correspondent of the Globe Demotrat calls attention to the fact that the gold obtained by the 100, 000,000 bond issue is all gone and that the interest on these new bonds is now drawing gold from the treasury. Missouri World. Statistics gathered recently by those interested, in the city of Buffalo, N. Y disclose the fact that there are over 3,000 women m that place who receive the munificent sum of $2. 50 per week to live on and remain virtuous if they can. American Enterprise. RESOLUTIONS Passed by Sandy Branch Snb Alliance No. 775, Chatham County. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Richmond, N. C. Resolved, That this lodge will use na fertilizer on time this season unles3 we can get guano for SCO pounds cf lint cotton, and acid phosphate for 200 pounds of lint cotton; per ton, deliv ered at Richmond, freight prepaid. 2. That a copy of this resolution bo sent to county Alliance, and also a copy sent to The Progressive Faroes for publication. J. W. Phillips, Pres. W. A. Wohble, Sec'y. Animals cannot be fed by a rule. Each one must receive what it may re quire, and thia can be only known by observation. Animals differ, and the quantity of food that may satisfy the demands of one may be insufilcient for another. : First Villager "How do you like your new neighbor?" Second Vil lager "Can't tell yet whether I liko him or hate him." "Why eo?" "Tho first thing he did was to put up a hih board fence, and I havent been abla to discover whether it is to keep hh chickens in or my chickens cut' New York Weekly. .
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 12, 1895, edition 1
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