THE PKOGBBSSIVE FAMINES' ;
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
RALEIGH. N. C APRIL 30, 1895.
OL 10.
No. 12
- 11 1
..tat oiDMRRS' ALLI-
r ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
t ident-J. F. Willetts, Topeka,
KVice-Prcsideat-H. C. Snavely, Leb-
Srry Treasurer-Col. D. P. Dun
Columbia, o.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
r? L. Loucks, Huron, S. D.; Mann
Virginia: I. K. Dean.
tl&ove FaUs, New York; H. C. Dem-
Hnnr, "Rntlfvn Thilpiri N. O.
JUDICIARY.
. A- Southworth, Denver, Colo.
l W. Bock, Alabama.
D. Davie,N Kentucky.
oTH CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLI
ANCE. "resident J. M. Mewborne, Kinston,
Vice-President A. C. Shuford, New-:1ret-Treasurer
W. 8. Barnes,
turer-Cyrus Thompson, Rich
1 rcj. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
haplain-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis
Itor'keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Greena-
C iistant Door keeper- Jaa. E. Lyon,
eratCArms-J. R. Hancock,
't ensboro, N. C. t TT n- V
L- tate Business Agent W. H. w ortn,
ii eigh, N. C. , txt-
Trustee Business Agency Fund W.
h. Graham, Machpelah, . U
CXXronVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE.
J Marion Butler, Goldsboro, N. C; J.
J. ljong, Eoka, N. C; A. F. Hileman,
Concord. N. C.
rsTT ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
J do. Brady, Gatesville, N. C; Dr. J.
F. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; John
Qrfham, Ridgeway, N. C.
-rtta Carolina Reform Press Association.
ifersJ. L. Ramsey, President;
liHon Butler, Vice-President ; W. 8.
iiaraa, Secretary,
PAPERS.
rwdve Firmer, State Organ, Raleigh,
lasiaa. 5.al1?itIh,
ier, Whitakers,
Vr Rome. Braver Dam,
N.a
N. C.
N. C
N.C.
N.C.
N. C.
N.C.
N. C.
N. C.
N.C.
ito Populist.
Lumberton,
r'c? People's Paper,
T-.e Vestibule,
1";: a Plow-Boy.
'is ov Blade,
Charlotte,
Concord,
Wadesboro,
Peanut,
ach of the above-named papers are
'tested to keep the list standing on
first page and add others, provided
are duly elected. Any paper fail
sj to advocate the Ocala platform will
v dropped from the list promptly. Our
i-f.le can now see what papers are
tllithed in their interest.
EDITORIAL SUGGESTIONS.
fat salt about the trunks of peach
08, and salt the borers down, and
yea will have fewer sickly trees.
The boy that is made to work like a
i.'e, for hia board and lodging, will
i ktly be one of those funny boys who
7iU want to leave the farm.
ring the soil into a state of fertility
to not farm at all. Trying to raise
iia on a worn-out soil is a straight,
s'lcrt road to the poor house.
experienced swine grower says
exchange that soaked corn will
f9 aa good or better results than corn
s-eal, but wheat should be ground fine
fayp, the finer the better, and when
'-JS prepared is one of the best hog
kis in the world.
r. Morton has been fooling the
in gamblers by giving out fictitious
-gires in regard to the quantity of
eat in the country. "Where have
p-ain gamblers been that they had
learned that Morton will fool any
if he has half a chance ?
no grass or grain crops should be
Town among fruit trees before they
uare attained size. The ground be
l-en the rows can, with.advantage to
trceB, be cultivated with potatoes,
bagep, melons, etc , cr corn if not
Plated within five or six feet of the
'OB.
, 7 all means cultivate a home mar
i?l lor email fruits as a rule. Better
-rs can be obtained in the rural dis-
than in the city markets. The
i has prevailed that the only outlet
- to Bhip to the large markets, and
' 'consequence such markets become
r-ted.
k void the lunkhead; "breed horses
,''"e the best; breed none but the
breed from nothing but your best,
: !ook out sharp to improve on the
croe a. and wherever your dam is
-'V
1
i'V
!g, be sure the sire you use is not
cg in the same point, and if pos
ei not lacking in any essential
ficatioa. Take time and examine
1
" the sire, no matter who may be
! wner.
FACTS ABOUT DAIRY FARMING.
Address of Mr. Benninger, of Pennsylva
nia, Before the A. & M College
Students Recently Agri
cultural Depression.
In speaking to Euch an audience as
I have before me to day it is necessary
for me to give some explanations ; first,
because I am not a professional orator
and, second, because I am not a grad
uate of any school, but what little I
am going to say to you is from actual
experience.
"It is true I have given Acricultural
Economy considerable thought for the
labt number of years. I have spoken
at a great many grange meetings,
Farmers Institutes, etc., and have
given more thought to the depressed
condition of agriculture than any other
subjf cfc, and am firmly convinced that
the paramount cau3e of ths ''Depressed
Condition of Agriculture" is due to
ignorance, and am further convinced
that if every farmer and farm laborer
was the fortunate possess )r of college
diploma, I do not care of what profes
sion or school, that the state of affairs
would ba entirely different. I am,
thereforp, pleased to say that the peo
ple of North Carolina, have taken a
grand and noble step in establishing
this college to educate the farmers'
sons, and I want to say to my young
friends that there is a bright and prom
is:ng future for the young and intelli
gent farmer, for we will surely turn
the tide, and I hope and pray that you
will all stfck to the farm after you have
finished your course.
When I say that the great causs of
the depressed condition of agriculture
is ignorance, I mean to say that while
the farmer?, agricultural elate and
laboring people were faithfully per
forming their duties in the field, the
educated, sharp and shrewd capi
talists, such as first national
bankeis. corporprations and monopo
lists in general, have, through class
legislation, obtained favors in their
interests and against the masses and
working class 38. One more thought,
after which I will confine my remarks
to the dairy interests, and that is that
the American people must first learn
the question of money, or they perish.
However, while agriculture is in this
lamentable condition, and while farm
ing looks blue to some farmers, I want
to say that farming can still be made
remunerative in s )me branches. No w,
living near the coal mines, I find that
when the owners have an overpro
duction they shut down their work
to half time, and some seasons of the
year shut down entirely, and it works
to great advantage to the operators,
and I believe it would pay the farmer
to shut down on raising wheat, cottOD,
etc., when they find it don't pay, and
turn to branches of farming that are
more remunerative.
I am almost ashamed to say that my
crop ot wneat aid not pay me lor
harvesting, threshing and marketing,
and I am sure that there were thou
sands of acres of cotton that did not
pay for the picking and marketing. I
am convinced by actual experience
that the best branch for the people of
the South, more so than of the West
or any other section, is dairying in all
its branches, for that has been the
only branch of farming that has been
profitable all over the country, and I
am glad to say that the profits are on
the increase and not on the decline ;
but let me say to you here that dairy
ing requires more practical knowledge
and closer care and attention to busi
ness than any other line of farming.
In order to make dairying profitable
you must first have -the right kind of a
cow, and it is most important that the
dairyman should know how to select a
good dairy herd. The first considera
tion sh juld be the breeding. You should
first select animals that are out of
ancestors that have been good perform
ers, more so of the sire's siclebAOwof
the dam. Not only select ba$f; 552"
a good cow, but also from a good line
of blood on both sides.
A good cow must be decidedly femi-'
nine in appearance ; long from the -eyes
to base of the horns ; her eyes should
be large and mild ; neck should be nearly
free from dewlap, of good length, mod
erately thin ; shoulders should be even
over tops, lower than higs, moderately
thick, deep and broad ; the chest should
below, deep and broad; barrel should
be very round with large abdomen;
line and higs broad, full long and level;
rump high, broad and level; flanks
fairly deep and full; legs should be
short, clean, tapering with strong arm ;
position firm and wide apart; tail
should be long, reaching to hocks or
below, large at setting, tapering fairly
to a switch; hair and handling fine,
soft and mellow; skin of moderate
thickness, secretions oily and of rich
yellow color; milk veins large, long,
crooked, branched, with extensions
entering large orifices; udder, capa
cious, flexible, well developed both in
front and rear; teats well formed, wiae
apart and of convenient siz9; escutch
eon large and fine development. 'This
I would rather illustrate by selecting a
cow out of your herd. I would rather
select a cow wit my eyes tight shut
and handle her than to look at her and
not touch her.
After having and knowing how to
select a good cow the nexc question id
how to take care of her. This varies
forom North to South.
In the North we would first say,
keep her warm and comfortable in
winter; while m the Suth I would
first say, keep her cool, comfortable,
give her good fresh water and keep the
flies from her. In dairying, one of the
essentials to success is cleanliness,
from the calf to the matured animals ;
from the milk in the stable to the but
ter ready for market.
Your stable should be comfortable,
cool and well ventilated in saminer,
warm in winter, and should be thor
oughly cleaned out every morning. I
find land plaster -a valuable absorbent
and disenfectant, absorbs and retains
the amonia which is so valuable in
manure. Cov s should not be pastured
in the middle of the day, especially
not where there is no shade or running
water. I get my best result by pas
turing at night, keeping the cows in a
cool stable throughout the day. The
milkirg should be done at regular
periods or hours, and by the same per
son. The milk should be drawn easily
and without any pulling. . The cows
should be milked perfectly clean at
every milking. I find that more gas
get or diseases of ' the udder originate
from not clean milking than frfJm all
other causes. Heavy milkers should
be milked three times a day. The food
should be as nearly a balanced ration
as can be fed. This seems to vary
with every cow, so that no fixed amount
can be set, but I believe that good,
sweet grass is as nearly a balanced
ration as can be found anywhere. Peo
ple of this State, fs well as almost the
entire South, have great advantages
over the North in regards to feed, as I
should think they could grow and feed
green crops directly from the flsld for
at least nine months, of the year, by
continually planting corn and other
green crops through the summer sea
son, but remember that corn in all its
stages is king of the dairy. I find that
corn and cob meal, and cottonseed
meal arc the mcst nutritious foods and
give me the best results. I also had
good results with feeding fresh cotton
seed hulls. I have lately had good re
suits by feeding dried brewers' graiD,
which I get delivered at my farm for
$15 a ton, being much cheaper than
bran. Dried brewers' grain is dried
brewers' malt, with 80 per cent, of
water taken out of it. I consider it
almost a balanced ration. -
However, you must not fail to re
member that there is no branch of
farming that retains the fertility of the
soil like dairying, and whatever grains
you buy makes an addition to the fer
tility. I have more than tripled the
production of my farm in the last six
years without the use of commercial
fertilizer, simply with cow manure
from cows well fed.
A few words in regard to breeding
and raising calves: We-should not
lose track of the fact that a good bull
is half the herd and that the best is
the cheapest. Select a bull from a
long and rich strain of actual perform
ers. The calves you wish to raise
should be taken from the dam imme
diately when dropped. It requires no
more trouble to learn the calf to drink
from a bucket than to iearn to suck its
own mother, and it will then have no
pet back by weaning, and no worrying
if the dam. It should be fed with the
mother's milk for at least four weeks,
at first three times a day ; and if a
heavy milker, she should be milked
three times a day, right along, after
which it can be gradually fed with
skim milk. - When about two weeks
old dry bran should be kept continually
before it so that it will learn to eat dry
bran or sweet hay as soon as possible.
Cottonseed meal should in no case be
fed to young stock or cows heavy with
calves.
The golden opportunity in building
up a dairy is to give all the growth
possible when the animals are young.
Heifer should not be served before
they are a year old, but should come
iD, if possible, before they are two
years old.
wiuoa iuu creamery, and in
this the South has a disadvantage, and
owing to the warm temperature, and,
therefore, the system of establishing
large creameries are very important.
In this respect I may be able to give
you information of some value.
The following is a description and
expenses of a very commodious cream
ery that I have just completed :
The main building is 20x24 ft., with
an L in front, where I receive the milk,
and is 5x8, and an engine house with
shed roof 10x12. Cost of build, with
slate roof, $500; second hand ten-horse
power boiler and engine, $140; second
hand DeLaval separator, rebalanced
and as good as hew, $100; 300 gallon
milk vat, $30; fire beam scale, $25;
other machinery,-obcut $200. Sa that
the cost of the entire plant is about
$1000.
This creamery will have a capacity
of from four to six thousand pounds
of milk a day.
The difference in the various makes
of good separators varies very little,
the main feature is to know how to
run it, and have all the machinery in
good running order.
The most important machine in a
dairy or creamery is a Babcock tester.
With this machine a dairyman can tell
the value of the cows he buys or sells,
as certain the value of the milk of each
cow, and results of the different kinds
of feed. With the aid of the Babcock
machine the creamery man is capable
of paying his patrons for whatever
thay bring, which is the only honest
way of buying milk. He will also be
able to ascertain whether his separator
is taking all the fat, and to see if there
is any butter left in the buttermilk.
A separator to do gocdwork should
make about 7,200 revolutions in one
'minute, and the milk should have a
temperature of from 75 to 80 ; the
cream should be run over a cooler and
reduced to from 50 to 60. The cream
should be kept in as low a temperature
as possible, but in no case freezing.
The cream should be ripened and
churned at about 58, from which we
gfic the best rf s alts. The butter should
be churned in granules only, and the
buttermilk washed out of it; then put
on the washer, salt about one ounce to
the pound and slightly worked.
The best way is to pack the butter
in pound prints, wrapped in parch
ment paper, cuvered with tinfoil, and
stored in a dry, cold air cold storage
at 40 above 0. I have kept butter in
such a room for over six months, so
that the most critical critic could not
detect it from fresh butter. Such but
ter sells at from five to ten cents above
the market price.
A cold storage right at the creamery
8eencs to be the great secret of success,
os butter stored in the cold storage,
right from the churn and kept in them
until shipped to the customers seems
to give the best of satisfaction.
During the summer season there is
more money in shipping sweet cream
and making ice cream than in making
butter. The manufacture of ice .cream
by. creameries is developing rapidly in
the North. It is surprising how rapidly
a large trade can be established by sup
plying good, honest, straight ice cream,
and driving out of the market the
bogus bakery ice cream.
There are, however, two serious draw
backs the dairvman has to contend
with : First, the manufacture of oleo
margarine, or bogus butter, which
should not only be restricted, but the
manufacture and sale of the bogus
stuff should be absolutely prohibited,
and I hope that your; legislature will
pass afprohibition olemargarine law in
this State, and next is the tuberculosis
scare -or fad. This matter I have given
considerable attention. I have read
every work, bulletin, or pamphlet on
the subject I could get hold of. In all
my experience I know of only one
animal that actually died of tubercu
lc sis. I also find, by careful reading,
that not a single case is on record
where tuberculosis was transmitted
from a cow to the human system, and
that the whole matter is a supposition.
I also find that the tuberculine test is
not reliable and has failed in a good
many cases, and the whole system has
a tendency to ecare ignorant city people
from using milk and butter, and ere
ates a desire to the bogus stuff. I
firmly believe that there are twice as
many human beings affected by tuber
culosis as cows.
I am by no means a prohibitionist,
but if there is any reform necessary
for the preservation of the human sys
tem, then I say restrict the usa of to
bacco and rum, for I believe that half
of the human systems are ruined by
the abuse of rum and tobacco, while it
is a fact that there is not a drop of
blood or nutriment in rum or tobacco,
and I belfeve it would be far better for
our educated physicians to educate the
masses to the use of milk, beef and
butter fat, which I believe are the most
healthy foods that can be used.
v :
CREAM OF THE PRESS.
Hard Hits, Bold Sayings and Patriotic
Paragraphs from Reform Papers
They are Worth the Price of
One Paper a Whole Year.
Cleveland, Wall street and Roths
child is all that is left of the Dmo
cratic party. Southern Mercury.
What does the Democratic party
stand for? Well, possibly because it's
too sore to sit down. K. C. Journal.
Society does not owe every man a
living, but it owes every man an op
portunity to earn a living. -tf. Y. Voice.
Sound money theories only robbed
the farmers in 1894 of $200,000,000.
How do you likeit, farmers? South
ern Mercury.
Why is John Sherman the strongest
man in the Senate? Because the Ameri
can people love to be humbugged.
Labors'' Tribune.
A dollar will now buy about four
times es much property as it would a
few years ago; but it will only pay 100
cents of a debt. Current Voice.
The whole question of slack or brisk
times lies in the proper control and
management of a proper and ample
medium of exchange. Western Watch
man.
They are trying to throw the blame
all on Grover, but they voted for him
three times, and there's that record in
Congress. It won't woTk National
Reformer.
Money reduced one half, naturally
the products of the soil depreciated in
the same proportion. Ic is thus the
price of cotton stands where it does to
day. Cotton Plant.
Present hard times and misery are
the legitimate fruits of the past doings
and misdoings of 'eminent" statesmen,
who have missed statesmanship in
their eagerness to catch spoils. Penin
sula Farmer.
A 1200 pound hog was on exhibition
in town this week. It was an infant
compared to a man who would read
a paper several years and put it back
in the postoflace marked 'Refus3d."
Huntsvilleltem.
"Tne northeast corner of the shadow
of a hair" is descriptive of an infinitesi
mal nothing, but it is large and sub
stantial compared to what we have to
hope in the way of results from a silver
international conference Daily News,
Denver.
The Alliance organization work is
the most important duty of reformers
this off year. Get the people into the
Alliance, and they will begin to think.
As soon as a man thinks on political
matters he is a reformer, sure. South
ern Mercury.
Wall street proposes to offer not the
presidency but the nomination for
president to a Southern man. No
Northern man wants the nomination,
because it is well known the 4,cardsare
stacked" to give the Republicans the
game this trip, and es a part of the
deal it is essential that a Southern man
shall be nominated to ensure Northern
States to Republicans and prevent the
South from uniting with the West; but
the South will detect the true inward
ness of this new departure before con
vention time. Brockton, Mass , Dia
mond.
m
Clover and artificial fertilizers wil
at some day be the indispensables on
all farms. Even the manure will be
more concentrated in the future by be
ing deprived of many substances which
now enter into its composition in order
to save labor in application for uses
of crops.
FROM MARTIN COUNTY.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Willi amston, N. C.
. A will try to write a few lines for
Beargrass Alliance No. 1226. We have
not as many members now as we have
had, but I hope we will soon have more.
At our last meeting we took in two old
members, and I know of others who
will return. There are but, three Subs
in the county now, but I think there
would be more if we had some one to
to reorganize them. Martin County
No. 1226, meets with Beargrass Sab
Alliance the second Thursday in July,
1895.
Equal rights to all and special favors
to none." J. R. Harrison.
It is a detriment, and a serious one,
in every respect to a draft horse, to be
so high metaled that he is cranky k
foolish, but there is a vast difference
between a well broken courageous, free
draft horse and a lunk head destitute
of courage, power or action only what
is driven out by a black snake whip.
THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER
CHARGES.
Will it Dare Publish the Extracts Quoted
Herewith, in the Interest of- Fair
ness and Decency.
Editor Charlotte Observer: I have
read the editorial page of The Progres
sive Farmer for years. I also read the
leading State and National Republican
papers. I give it as my deliberate
opinion that there is not a more unfair
and consciencelef s paper published any
where than The Progressive Farmer. . '
It is full of mif statements of facts and
base insinuations, weekly.
In nothing has it shown itself more
despicable than in its treatment of the
Lansing accusations. Mr. Cleveland
said those accusations were 'whole
sale lies." The Progressive Farmer
says that he does not deny them. What
an opinion must a paper have of the
intelligence of the majority of its con
stituency when it gives itself up to
slander and falsehood. I send you
two clippings which I trust you can
find space for. One from a Boston
Methodist paper, presumably the organ
of Rev. Lansing's Church ; the second
is from the Philadelphia Ledger, an In
dependent Republican paper. I ven
ture to say that money could not hire
The Progressive Farmer to reproduce
these clippings in its columns.
4 'Rev. I. J. Lansing. D. D , pastor of
Park Street Congregational Church,
Boston, delivered the address at the
anniversary of the New England Con
ference Temperance Society, at Salem,
April 4th. In his addref s he distinctly
declared that President Cleveland was
intoxicated at the naval review in New
York. To is accusal ion has aroused a
storm of indignation throughout the
country, and the regret is general and
profoundly sincere that this distin
guished minister made so grave a
charge against the occupant of the
highest office in the gift of the people.
Een were the statement true, it would
nave been much more discreet not to
have uttered it. But it appears, be
yond question, from the President's
own statement and from those who
were nearest to him on the day in quea
tion, that not only was he not intoxi
cated, but that he had net tasted liquor.
'Webb,' the long-time and most reliable
correspondent of the B ston Journal,
though not in sympathy politically
with the President, says in a dispatch
to that paper: Mr. Cleveland is not a
drunkard. He has not been a prohibi-
tionis1;. as very few men in public life
are. But those who know him inti
mately say that he is not only strictly
temperate, but, as a matter of fact, to
speak with exactness, since the opera
tion on his jaw two summers ago, he
has used no intoxicating beverages
whatever.' While we have no doubt
that Dr. Lansing fully accredited the
information as reliable upon which he
based his assertion, there seems now to -be
for him no other manly and Chris- '
tian course but to humbly confess hi3
indiscretion and to ask President Cleve
land and an indignant public to con
done his wrong. Of ciuree the minis
ters of the New Eogland Conference,
and the members of the Methodist
Church as a whole, utterly disclaim all
responsibility for this rash charge."
Zion's Herald Methodist) Boston.
'The truth with regard to President
Cleveland as it is known to those who
know him most intimately in his pub
lic and . private life, abroad and at
home in his public and private life,
abroad and at home is that he is an
exceptionally temperate, or even ab
stemious man, both with regard to
what he eass and what he drinks. Mr.
Cleveland is not only a rigorously self
respecting man, maintaining in all
places and at all times the dignity of
his great office, a fine sense of what is
due to his own manhood, and a most
chivalrous respect and honor for wo
manhood, but he his also a religious, a
devout man, who zealously conforms .
his conduct to his principles and be
liefs. Any statement made by anyone -which
in any manner or degree con
flicts with this is absolutely, malicious
ly false and slanderous, the statement
of the Rev. Dr. Lansing being especially ,
so." Philadelphia Ledger ( Ind )
Observer .
While it is admitted that shallow -cultivation
has more friends among. ?
growers than to cultivate the soil as
deep as possible, yes the plowing of -corn
land should not only be deep, but--the
furrows should be so laid out as to
afford as thorough drainage as possible.
If farmers could be induced to also
subsoil their corn land, they would
find quite a difference in the yield, both
of corn and fodder.
TO CRAVEN COUNTY SUB-ALLIANCES.
Thurman, N. C , April 16, 95
"Rrkthhen: As you failed to meet
rhfl Craven County Alliance on the 2nd-
Thursday in April, please have your
delegates meet us on Thursday, May
the 9, 1895, at 11 o'clock a. m. at the
courthouse in Newberne. Please act
in this matter, as we have businef s-
of importance to communicate to you.
H. H. Perry,
Pres. Craven County Alliance.