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1 n -3 V THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C JUNE 11, 1895. No. 18 PBOGEESSXV J AKMEBL TmaTIONAU FARMERS' J 'flS ?Jr? AND INDUSTRIAL ALLI- UNION. Wilietts, Topeka, Pre: Ea9- -i,?pnt II C. Suavely, i-eo- Vic? . r i it ry-Trcasurer-Ck)!. D. P. Dun " Columbia, S. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. S. D. : Mann fl. I r'viinia:!. E. Dean, rrmTOIARY. p v Southworth, Denver, Colo, p W. Beck, Alabama. d. Davie, Kentucky. CABOLWA STATE ALLS- rrcsidcnt-J. M. Mewborne, Kinaton, S -Presidcnt-A. C. Shuford, New-eSij-Treasuror-W. S. Barnes, ltSureT-C7ru3 Thompson, Rich-ard-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, X(aplain-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis fieper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens TtkntDoor keeper-Jas. E. Lyon, Durham, N. C. R Hancock, Sergeant at-Arms o . Business AsenFund-W. Graham, Machpdah, N. C. Concord, N. C. ,rATS ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. Jno. Brady, Gatesville, N. C.;Dr J. F Harrell. Vhiteville N. C; John Graham, Ridgeway, N. C. th Carolina Reform Press Association. Oflcers-J. L. llarywy Prezidnt; on Butler, Vice-President; W. S. .umes. Secretary, PAPEKS. siv. Fanner. Stat. Organ, Raleigh N. C. Caucasia.-.. Hickory, N. C. 'i7 ' W hitakers, N. C. uusiow Blade. Peanut. N.C fiwA of tie o6ot?e-nanea papers are quested to keep the list standing on htinl page and add others, provided iy are duly elected. Any paper fati ng to advocate the Ocala platform wiu dropped from the list promptly. Our mple can now see what papers are "Mimed in their interest. AGRICULTURE. Tae eecret of succ?S3 in farming, say 8 one, is to keep the lar d rich and productive, cultivate no more land than one can do thoroughly, and keep an eye out for the email leakp. TnPt-P nlmnst 4 000 PCeCiCS Cf grasses. They are distributed over all parts of tho world. Some are charac teristic of the tropical regions, and Boms cf the vicinity of perpetual snow. There is one thing in regard to oil neal that you can bo sure of, that the manufacturer has taken all out of it that ho can gvt. Believing it would bo cheapsr to raisi my own meal, eays a farmer, I powed several years ago a pafch of fl ix and mixed it with corn and oats and took it to the mill and had it ground. It made x client ret d, the ccst I ever had. As improved implements for culti va-iag tho soil enable farmers to get it ia better tilth, there is. a constant ten fcocy to plant too deeply. This to sooie extent ff its the advantage from better cultivation. Where grain is drilled the drill wheels f-ink rnoredep lj into the finely-pulverized seedbed, thi-3 lowers the tubes from which the eeed i3 distributed. Tne roller to compac'j the surface ought; to precede the drill in such cases, and even then thi drill tubes should be raised as much as possible. A. really good farmer will not leave tha farm poorer than he found it, even i' he on!v rents inad of owes the kud. But in this country every im Provement m ds on rented land goes the owner of tho property, and this rict operates to prevent those from renting who know that their methods f farming make the land more pro ductive. In E iropean countries most f the farming is on rented land, and feeently the laws have been changed 83 a3 to give the occupant who makes lrQprovements a considerable part of their value. Tais is really better for bth parties. It is not to the advan tage of any owner of land to lease it so to make temporary profit, but have jalue constantly decrease until it ponies too poor for anybody to want to rent it. B&rrtoiy. Harrteburs Pcnnsyl AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY TRADE IN EUROPE. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Paris. France. If the season continues as it has be gun, the demand for agricultural im plements and machinery this year should be an especially good one. After a long series of bad seasons the sudden rush for implements last fall exhausted stocks in the Paris warehouses and necessitated further supplies from England, though too late in many cases to do any business, and agents are now getting over enough consignments of grass and wheat cutting machinery to be ready for any emergency. Al ready there is little dcubt that there will be a good sale for mowers, as the first grass crop is now assured and is likely to be followed by another. As to the wheat harvest, no definite fore cast can be made yet awhile, bus there is every reason to hope that it will be as heavy as last year. In this class of machinery the American firms do the largest trade, chiefly on account of its cheapness, its light draught, and the care that has been taken to adapt the machinery to the exigencies of the tall and heavy crops. In the question of price, especially, the American manu facturers leave open very little chance of competition from England, for not withstanding that the English makers are at the very doors as it were of the French market, their charges for trans port are often much higher than those from New York, where the freightage rates allowed to American goods being delivered here under very favorable conditions. The only advantage that English makers enjoy over Americans in the French market is in the differential import duty which weighs more heav ily upon the Trans Atlantic manufac turers. It might have been expected that would have seriously enhanced the prices of American goods. Bo far, however, is this from being the case that one United States firm is intro ducing harvesting machinery at mush lower prices than have hitherto oeen paid, and certainly below the figures that can.be accepted by the half dozen or so of English houses who do business in this line. It is the general impres sion among commercial people in this city that the import duties will at some time be greatly reduced. The system of protection inaugurated by M Meline is too dractic to suit the interests cf the vine growers and manufacturers who find that the reprisals of Italy, Spain and Switzerland have clc s?d the three most important markets to French products and manufactures, and that sinco the new differential tariff came into force, the foreign trade has decreased to such an extent as to cause serious uneasiness. Already an agitation against the present protective system is gaining ground in nea ly all the industrial centers, and if a reform is instituted, it cannot fail to benefit the foreign agricultural implement and machinery makers. The last season or two has seen quite a noticeable reduction in the prices of light implements, such as mowers, rakes and harrowers. At first the English were cut out of the market by the cheap mowers imported from the United States, and now they find them selves threatened by the competition of French and German makers, who are producing rukes of exactly the same model as the E iglish, and at a price considerably lower. These rakes are for all practical purposes as good as those of the Eoglish make, and it is really difficult to distinguish between them. Oae of the largest importers of foreign implements informs me that he has been uoable to dispose of his stock o! English rakes, and that he is obliged to supply customers with rakes of French and G;rman manufacture, which he sells at $15, below the figure accept el by the Euglis'i firms. Now that Continental manufacturers are able to turn out exact imitation of - loreign implements at much lower prices, it is becoming more and more d fficult to sreure large profits upon uuaiuesa, uniess indeed the co3t of manufacture can be reduced. State encouragement has proved to ba particularly efficacious to agricul ture in Aus .ria, where the government spends a great deal of money in pur chasing implements and machinery aLd in other ways assisting agricultur ists. The latest statistics that have been published those for 1895 that during the twelve months the govern merit distributed to one of its inde pendent 8tate3 1,113 plows, of different kinds, 265 harrows and rollers, 71 sugar beet drills, 191 variou3 other imple ments for the cultivation of beet, 32 drills, winnowing machines, thrashing machines, and 109 plum drying ovens. At the same time, a great deal of work is being done by the various agricul tural societies, of which there are at least 24 in Austria-Hungary. The progres3 that has been made during the past few years in the cultivation of beet, cereals, and other produce leads to the hope that Austria will s Don become one of the most important markets for agricultural appliances in Europe. The beet root sugar industry fs suf fering from the evil of plethoric pro duction and low prices. Assisted by the heavy bounti s paid by the differ ent governments upon exported sugar, the growers have put as much land as they possibly can under beet root and have at the same time vestly improved the saccharine yield. The consump tionis consequently far in excess below he production and the stocks of sugar have become unmanageable. A remedy is being sought in Belgium for this state of affaijs by increasing the pcope of consumption, though for the moment it is not easy to see how this is to be done. In France the greatest embarrass ment is experienced by the govern ment which finds that the ten million dollars paid every year to an industry that, in spite of this assistance, is pass ing through a crisis, is a ferious drain upon the exchequer. If with these duties, and the import duty of 7 francs per 100 kilos upon foreign and colonial tugar, the native industry is unable to make headway, it is evident that the policy hitherto pursued must be fund a mentally wrong, and the government is now considering the advisability of suppressing the bounties altogether. - There are many old pastures which can be much improved by harrowing with a forty-tooth drag that will cut into tho surface soil. This will admit air to places covered by moss, and en able the grass to gro w more vigorously. Of course some of the roots of the grass will be d( stroyed ; but the stirring of the soil will make more grow in their place. If there is much moss on tha surface it will require und?r draining to remove surplus water to make a permanent improvement. WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, June i, 1895. Central Office, Raleigh, N. C. The reports of correspondents of the Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued by the North Carolina State Weather Service, for the week ending Saturday, June 1, 1895, indicate a very favorable week; crops have all improved and much work was accomplished in culti vating and cleaning crops of grass. The week oponcd mcdarately warm and clear, the temperature becoming excessive the last few days, with maxi mum over 100 degrees. The bright sunshine and high temperature are beneficial, but as tho entire week has been dry, light showers are beginning to ba needed. Eastern District Tobacco plants about all set out and plants start off very well. An improvement in all crops is noted. Cotton recently planted is coming up well. Cotton-chopping has been tho order of the day with many f aimers. Corn and peanuts are locking better Rice nearly all planted. Beans and potatoc s are being shipped from trucking d:"s:ricts. Cat-worms and potato bugs are still doing much damage, but the warm weather will no doubt check the ravages of cut -worms. Gardens greatly improved. Farmers are pushing ahead to clear crops of grass. Central District. All reports indi cate that the past week was very favorable for farm work, and that everything is growing nicely; rain is beginning to be needed. Cotton has improved, though still small and back ward with poor stand. Considerable was replanted. Chopping cotton not yet finished. Corn is growing rapidly and is being worked for the first time. S-ma corn is yet to b9 planted. Rapid progress has been made in trarsplant ing tobacco, which is growing off nicely. The ravages of cut worms and potato bugs have been slightly diminished by the heat. Clover and hay being har vested. Fruit has fallen eff consider ably. Grapes are out of bloom and big crop has S2t. Strawberries plentiful Farmers are in much better spirits. Western District. During the past very favorable week much work was accomplished by farmers in planting and in cleaning: crons of grass and weeds and in preparing for transplant J ing tobacco, and in setting sweet potato slips. Light showers are now begin ning to be needed. Crops have all improved this week. Corn is about all planted, and though late planted is not coming up very well, what is up has greatly improved. Cotton begin ning to look better, stand poor in places. A few reports of rust on wheat, but generally the crop is looking fine and is heading nicely. Clover and grass being cut. Fruit growing fast; cherries ripe. A few reports of fruit dropping off trees. Showers are probable by Wednesday evening. The first purpose in cultivation is to make the soil fine, so that seeds may germine freely in it, and the roots of plants may run easily through it. But an object scarcely less important is to increase soil fertility by mixing surface and under soil together, and thus pro moting their fermentation. It is for this that corn and potato ground is harrowed after the seed is plant d Oa moderately rich soil two such cultiva tions are equal to the addition of sev eral loads of manure per acre. An in cidental advantage is that such har rowing of the surface destroys all weeds as quickly as their seeds ger minate. SWEET POTATO CULTURE. CJor respond ence of the Progressive Farmer. Your issue of the 14 ih contained a valuable article on "Sweet Potato Cul ture," by J. A. Thomas. But said ar ticle is not so full on several points as we would like to see, and therefore beg leave to make some inquiries. Mr. Thomas says : "I see in Bulletin No. 112 of the N C Experiment Station that sweet pota toes cure d in a tobacco barn would keep much batter than in the sin or air." This evidently means curing with fire, but nothing is said as to the degree of heat to be employed, nor the time necessary for curing. ''Except for very early crop, I find it much better not to draw the sprouts from the bed my tubers about 3 or 4 inches apart and let stand until vines run 3 or 4 feet, then cut vines up with three j unts or leaves and set two in the ground and leave one out." In this shouM the top, or tender end, be used or rejected? and if so, how much of the end should be rejected ? "In cutting vines I do not cut close to the ground the first time ; the second cutting the vine may be pulled up and cut all the vine up in short cuttings." Are we to infer from this that there are to be but two plantings from the potatoes? First, the vines are to be cut; second, the vines, or sprouts, are to be drawn. If there be more than two drawings how is the third, and other drawings, to be treated? Will Mr. Thomas be so kind as to in form us? Bryan Tys:n HORTICULTURE HORTICULTURAL HINTS. Clean boxes, carefully picked berries make quick sales. Best kinds, best plants, best care. Remember the three B s. Cultivate before the weeds get a good start. You will save in work if you do. Mulch strawberries when fruiting. Raspberries do not need it and are bet ter without it. Raspberries are a sure crop and one that pays well. Plant the best and give good culture. Don't set plants from an old bed. Set young thrifty stock, true to name and carefully handled. May is a good month to plant the strawberry. Prepare the ground thor oughly and set plants firmly. Gooseberries are becoming more popular than they were several years ago. Give them a partial shade and a northern slope. Partial shade does not hurt raspber ries or strawberries, hot sun cranks to the contrary. We have seen grand paying crops raised in partial shade too many times. Frequent shallow cultivation i3 what gives good crops. Small fruit plants don't relish deep, coarse culture. They are not built for it. Just please re member this when you cultivate thcs3 choice plants from the nursery. John M. Wise. Freeport, 111. BERRIES IN JUNE. Mr. M. A. Thayer, Sparta, Wis., sends the following: Barry bushes should be thoroughly mulched. First, by cultivating and hoeing the surface soil ; followed at once by an applica tion of green clover, coarse manure, straw or some other coarse litter. Clover is best, beiDg free from noxious u T uo m DIant food- Mulch should be placed around each hill four or five inches deep leaving about three fee- between the rows for cultivation during the summer. This treatment retains moisture near the surface pre vents the growth of weedP bporl , berries clean, enriches the soil and is the omy practical safeguard against drouth When new cane s of the black berry and raspberry are 15 inches high cut off about two inches of the tip ; this will check the upward growth of the plant, cause several new branches to grow and greatly increase the bearing surface of the canes. All weak canes should be cut out. This treatment gives a low, stocky, well-formed bush, not liable to damage by severe storms. Tbe new growth of grapes should also be shortened from time to time by pinch ing back. A well-cultivated blackberry bush will usually set more fruit than it can mature. The quality and size of berry may be greatly improved with out reducing quantity, by trimming off one fourth or one third of the fruit stems. This is al30 true of the plum. grape and many other fruits. New strawberry beds should not be allowed to bear fruit the first season. Pick off all buds and blossoms. Tne maturity of seed is very exhausting, and if al lowed to grow will greatly reduce vigor of new plants. For this reason straw berry plants from old beds should never be used. The best preventive of dis ease among berry plants is clean culti vation and severe pruning. The worm on currants and gooseberries will ap pear on the lower leave s soon after the fruit forms. The remedy for this pest is so simple, there is no cause for neg lecting its use: Oae ounce of white hellebore dissolved in two gallons of water, applied with a sprinkler or brush broom, when worms first appear, will exterminate them. Two or pos sibly three applications may be neces sary. Paris green is also U3ed in the same manner. POULTRY YARD POULTRY POINTS. Young ganders and old geese should be the capital stock of the gocsa breeder. Poultry will eat anything, but foul food will not make neither good flesh or eggs. Tne meat ration for hens can be dis continued when they can get plot ty Gf insect s During the coming summer see to it that the poul ry has plenty of good, fresh water. The farmer who makes liberal drafts upon his fl ck for table use and thus enables his family to eat leas pork, is wise. It is fan for the dog to chase a hen. But the hen does not enter into the sport with much spirit, and as long as she does not, better stop the play. The summer calls for a cool poultry house as much as the winter calls for a warm one. If the house is hot better shut out the poultry altogether. In a city there are always "fresh eggs" enough to sink a ship. B jys are always going around selling fresh eggs that were laid six months ago. THE HEROIC HEN. A friend has lately told me the fol lowing story, say a writer in Church man: In the western part of Massa chusetts a man had a fine stock farm ; that i?, a farm for raising cows and horses. But a few weeks ago a fire broke out in the barn, and burned not only the building and the hay, but most of the animals also. After the fire, the owner walked over the ruins. It was a sad sight to see the charred bodies of his fine Jersey CDwsandhis high spirited horses, to say nothing of the money lost with them. But at the end of the barn he saw a sight which touched him more than all the rest. There sat an old black hen. He won dered that she did not move her head to look at him as he came near her, but he thcught she must be asleep. He poked her with his cane and to his sur prise the wing which he touched fell into ashes. Then be knew that she had burned to death. Tnen out from under her wing came a faint little peep, and pushing her aside with his cane the man found, what do you think? Ten little live yellow chickens 1 The poor hen had sacrificed her own life to save them, and had held her place in the fire, as Casabianca held his own on tho burning deck. That eight touched the man more than anything else, and he has to own that his eyes grew a little more moist than usuaL POULTRY IN EAST CAROLINA. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Beaufort, N. C. My experience in poultry raising ia feed your poultry once a day with corn and let that be at the setting of the sun. If the poultry has no range, you can feed a little in the morning. But if they have a good place to range during the day you should feed only once a day and that should be corn. Give them all they can eat; keep your water troughs clean ; scrub them out twice a week. If your poultry have mites or lice, put kerosene on a cloth and rub the perches at the time they are going to their places of rest; it will drive all vermin from them. When your hen comes our of her box with her brood take the old nest out and carry it off, if it is straw ; if rags, ecald them in boiling sap suds and dry them and then put them back, after putting a little kerosene about the box. Raga make the best nest of anything except hog hair. When the email chicks get two weeks old commence feeding with small grains of corn they will sjon learn to eat large grains. They do bet ter fed on corn than anything else. P. P. Dickinson. THE INCOME TAX DECISION. Ex-Congressman Bryan, of Nebraska, ably discusses the income tax decision in the Omaha World Herald. He con sideres it one of the most important decisions that has been rendered for many years and believes the Supreme Court to be subservient tools of pluto cracy. Mr. Bryan says : "Justice Field in his separate opin ion says: The present assault upon capital is but the beginning. It will be but the stepping stone to others larger and more sweeping until our political contc sts will become a war of poor against rich, a war constantly in creasing in intensity and bitterness.' Id is not strange that one so blinded to justice and equity in taxation as to re gard an income tax as an attack upon the rich should be willing to overturn the decisior s of a hundred years in order to protect the class which he supposes to be attacked. Justice Field might as well say all taxation on pro perty, and those who hold ths property must pay all taxes levied against it. All property taxes exempt those from the tax who are without property. Justice Field's attack upon the motives of those who are responsible for the in come tax law will justify an inquiry as to his own motives in delivering th opinion which he did. The advocates of the law were sup ported by the fact that the suprema court of the United States once held the same kind of law constitutional this was in the Springer C s reported in 102 U. S. page 568 Justice Field was then a member of the court and did not dissent, why did he not then declare the income tax an attack upon the rich? Tha advocates of the law were supported by the opinions of euch men as Senator Sherman, Senator Oliver P Morton and Senator Howe. Senator Sherman said in opposition to the repeal of the former incmo tax: 'There was never so jast a tax levied as the income tax ' Senator Morton said: 'The income tax U above all others the mo3t equitable.' The advocates of the income tax were supported by the fact that Eng land, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Prussia and other European nations collect a much heavier income tar than the one recently proposed. Upon what does Justice Field rely in de nouncing not only the tax, but the authors of it? Justice Field now de nounces the exemption of incomes un der $4,000. Doe3 he not know that all income tax laws have contained exemp tions? Why did he not cocdjma the exemptions contained in the inccnia tax which cam? before the court in the Springer case? Djos Justice Field for get that nine-tenths of our federal taxes are collected by means of taxes which allow the rich to escape their ju3t share of the burdens of the gov ernment? Why does he not reserve some of his vehemence for the con demnation of those methods of taxation which overburden the poor? If he 13 afraid of a future war against the rich, why does he not anathematize the war which is now bamg waged against the poor, and which has resulted in mak ing the sewing women contribute by the taxation of necessaries of life nearly as much of the eupport of tha general government, in some instances, as the millionaire dcestThe income tax is just and must remain, unless we are prepared to declare that equality in taxation ia unpatriotic." i
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 11, 1895, edition 1
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