1
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OCR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
BALEIG-H, N. 0., JUNE 18, 1895.
M 10.
No. 19
n
""TuaTIONAI. FARMERS' ALLI
T ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
pdent-J. iTwilletts, Topeka,
KVice-President-H. O. Snavely, Leb-
sagy.Treasurer-Col. D. P. Dun
Jfcolumbia, S. O.
KXECUTIVK BOARD.
a L. Loucks, Huron, S. D ; Mann
S Brandon, Virginia; L E. Dean,
MS Falls New York; H. C. Dem
&?etoiV Harrisburg Penittyl
Butler, Raleigh, N. C.
' JUDICIARY.
o a Southworth, Denver, Colo,
a W. Beck, Alabama.
D. Davie, Kentucky.
0CAEOLINAHS' STATE ALLI-
President-J. M. Mewborne, Kinston,
SvSe-President-A. C. Shuford, New-
Sry-Treasurer-W. 8. Barnes,
rer-Cyrua Thompson, Rich-iward-J.
T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
K(a$lam-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis
Wr-kCeeper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens-kntDoor-keeper-Ja3.
E. Lyon,
"titAnna-J. R Hancock,
Busmcss AFund-W.
A. Graham, Machpelah, M. U
nEOcnTi cosDirrraE or the north
"SSi STAT AIXIAKC2.
Marion Butler 9?Ids?S?'miP'
J. Long, Eoka, N. 0. ; A. F. HUeman,
8TATX ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COM3HTTKE.
F. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; John
N. C.
orth Carolina Reform Presi Association.
Ofwers-J. L. Ramsey,
iarion Butler, Yice-Prestdent ; W. &
Barnes, Secretary,
PAPERS.
Prcctesive Farmer. State Organ, Raleigh, N. C.
gST mckeigr5:N:8:
SSj Whitalters, N. C.
Be, Beaver Dam, N. C.
The Populirt, Lnmberton, C.
The People's Paper, Charlotte, N. C.
Tie Vestibnle, Concord, N. C.
r..Du. Rnr Wndfsboro. U.
I uaslow Blade. Peanut, N. C.
Each of the above-named papers are
ttquutedto keep the list standing on
Ihe first page and add others, provided
they are duly elected. Any paper fail
ing to advocate the Ocala platform will
be dropped from the list promptly. Our
people can now see what papers are
mliihed in their interest.
AGEICULTUEE.
Farmcrs, write us your experience
with various crops, stock, fruit or any
thing else that will be of benefit to your
allow laborers.
To break a cow from sucking, tie up
her bag. Knit woolen goods fastened
by a string tied over her back are best,
m they stretch as the bag fills.
Thorough ruilking pajs, especially
when the milk is set for butter or
che? S3, as the strippings or last milk
contains a far larger per cent, of butter
at, while the first drawn milk is more
atery.
Ex Ssnator Warren rarely takes a
morning walk around his Wyoming
nn. 0 .ie reason is that it is six times
big a3 the State of Rhode Island, and
tos on it 2,000 horses, 15,000 cattle and
4000 sheep.
It is not of so much importance that
our agricultural machinery is sold in
creign countries at less than it is here,
43 it is that it is sold at all in those
countries. When sold there it is ODer
ated by pauper labor on the cheap lands
f India, etc.. and enables ranital tn
roduce immensely more to compete
rth our products.
Ia making a market at home for the
Sa and coarse fodder he grows the
eper of go 3d stock saves himself a
SXid deal of labor in finding a market
r it. He should not charge his stcck
that the produce would bring if
rried to market, as by feeding it at
wae saves what marketing of it
oald c:?t. hpsidpa the value of the
jnure which the home feeding makes.
"IS wi h nnnr nrnnnta ia n. IatA
Iat of the price they would bring
aen marketed.
9 ma.ioritv of farmeis keeD too
J&ay horse3 for the the work they
- v uu, llhj uiuuy uuwb lor tueir
air7 product, too many hogs for the
they have to put in the barrel and
many hens for the value of the eggs
?4 Poultry they have to sell. Are not
e!5- reasons enough why so many
cot make farming pay? If they
1 essen the expensa of keeping a
8e stock and yet get the same prod-
bsatbere WiU be a profit in8tead of a
Cn ail their farming operations.
l
PARIS GREEN FOR MELON VINES
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Lexington, N. C.
Should sulphur, phosphate and the
usual remedies fail to drive the bugs
off melon or cucumber vines, give
them Paris green. Take one tablespoon
of Paris green, and mix thoroughly
with four tablespoons of flour, shorts
or corn meal, and with a email spoon
or paddle of wood, place a good sized
pinch close to the root of each stalk,
when the dew is on, and you will get
rid of the pests. Must be repeated after
rains. A.M. H.
TO DESTROY INSECTS.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
BRIDGEWATER, N. C.
As I see in your valuable paper plans
for keeping bugs and insects off young
melon vines, I will give you one which
is as follows :
Go in the evening and get a lot of fat
pine knots and carry them to the melon
patch and then, just when it is begin
ning to get dark, take the pine knots
and build a small fire every three or
four steps and keep them burning
about one hour. The bugs and insects
will fly in the fire and get burned up,
or take fright at the fires and leave.
I have tried the above plan and have
never failed in a single instance. If
the pine knots can't be had anything
that will make a blaze will do just as
well. Once tried always us?d. A dark
night is preferable.
Yours fraternally,
W. J. Snipes.
New milch cows when on good pas
ture in June need to be milked three
times a day. If the attempt is made to
divide evenly with 12 hours between
milkmgs it makes the morning milking
much too late. If the milking is done
then, at noon and 8 p. m., there will
be daylight for each operation during
the month of June. Milking three
times a day gives the cow less time to
absorb milk fats, and the milk will be
richer than if milked less frequently.
It will need extra feeding for cows so
milked to prevent them from losing
fl'sb.
BERMUDA GRASS.
It may be of interest to you and a
bent fit to some of your subscribers to
know of a simple way to eradicate Ber
muda grass (Cynodon dacty Ion,) which
we incidentally found outcast summer.
We had a piece of land, three acres in
area, which for eight years had been
covered with a tough Bermuda grass
sod, writes A. R. Bell wood, Chester
field ccuQty, Va , in the Southern
Planter.
Being near the stable, we decided to
sow it with corn, to cut green in mid
summer for the cattle when the pas
tures begin to get short. We plowed
in April, and every foot of the furrow
the plow had to tear and rip its way
through the strong, wiry root?. We
sowed the corn quite thickly. It came
up well and so did the Bermuda grasp,
seemingly determined to hold the fort
against its new enemy. When the
corn was about four or five feet high,
we began to think the wire grass would
have a hard time of i,but it did its best
and sent long though rather delicate
stems straight up towards the light.
We began to cut the corn as s xm as it
tasseled out, and were about two weeks
feeding it. As soon as the Bermuda
grass found the shade waa gone, it
started to recover its lost ground. On
the day we finished cutting we plowed
it again and sowed it in corn as before.
We thought no more of the grass and
cut the corn to save it from frost when
fcur feet high.
This spring we plowed the same
piece, and to our surprise found that
there was hardly a spear of Bermuda
grass left.
WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL
LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, June I,
1895.
Central Office, Raleigh, N. C.
The reports of correspondents of the
Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued
by the North Carolina State Weather
Service, for the week ending Saturday,
Juue 8, 1895, indicate another favorable
week. Tne weather continued fair and
very warm the first five days of the
week, the last two days being cooler,
though slightly below the normal in
temperature. A beneficial and refresh
ing rain occurred Wednesday night,
averaging about half an inch over the
State; light showers are still needed at
many places. Farmers are-catching
up with their v jrk and planting is
nearly finished.
Eastern District The week was
very good for farm work, plenty of
sunshine; rain on Wednesday at many
places benefited crops, though ground
is still hard and dry and rain is needed
at numerous points. The last few days
have been too cool and windy. The
stand of corn is not good, but it is green
and growing, and mostly clean. Irish
potato crop is rather poor in this dis
trict; some are being shipped. Sweet
potatoes are backward in sprouting;
good many plants were set this week
at SDme places, while many report
scarcity of plants. Peanuts are late.
Cotton is as small for June as ever
known. Some are still plowing up cot
ton and planting corn. Millet and field
peas being planted. Some reports of
fruit dropping off are still received,
but trees are heavily loaded with fruit.
Central District. Reports generally
indicate another fine week for farm
work ; warm enough the early part to
advance growth rapidly, followed by
showers on the night of the 5ih, which
just came in time. It is still too dry
at many places, and the cool weather
the last few days is not beneficial
Planting is now about over. Cotton
chopping goes on ; cotton plants in cen
tral and northern portions average only
three small leaves ; it is larger in the
southern part. It is a little chilled by
the cool weather of last two days.
Wheat, rye and oats are beginning to
ripen and harvest will begin next week,
which is about ten to fifteen days later
than the average time. Some rust is
reported, without serious damage.
Wheat is in better condition than oats.
Tobacco is nearly all planted, and be
ing worked first time. In some coun
ties as Vance and Warren, it is not in
good condition ; in some counties it is
growing off well. A good deal of plow
ing has been done in corn this week. It
is small but growing. Late planted is
coming up very well. Worms are still
doing some damage.
Western District farmers have
caught up with their work and fields
are in good condition ; crops are clear
of grass. Corn is being worked; it is
generally looking well. Irish potatoes
are reported in fine cor dition by nearly
every correspondent. Sweet potatoes
are being set out and they start well.
Tobacco has been about all set out.
Grass and clover hay are being cut.
Wheat is ripening; will soon ba ready
to harvest; some rust reported, but not
very serious ; the crop wili be above the
average apparently. Oat s are generally
good. The condition of fruit promises
about an average crop.
Clover should never be plowed under
until after it had attained full growth
and a crop of hay has been made from
it. We have known farmers to sow
clover on spring grain and then plow
the stubble in fall for wheat, thinking
that the clover "rowth they thus
secured was w h the value of the
seed as manures. But we think that
the cost of the seed expended in min
eral fertilizers would have given better
results. Clover seed is only cheap ma
nure when the crop is allowed to make
its full growth. While immature the
plant has little nutritive or manurial
value.
HORTICULTURE
HORTICULTURAL HINTS.
Grafting and budding should be on
st cks of same or similar kind, so sap
can circulate freely.
A rustic arbor is the work of but a
few hours. Grapes planted here afford
both shade and fruit. A wild climbing
rose will clamber along the paling fence,
a row of hollyhocks form a background
for hardy perennial flowers, and a few
seeds of annuals may be had for the
asking.
It is characteristic of the age that
nothing is regarded as settled. This is
true in regard to the distance apart
trees in orchards should be planted as
well as other thingf?. Some growers
plant trees as far as 40 feet apart each
way; others as close as 15 feet, each
way. The tendency among commercial
growers seems to be toward thick plant
ing, with a view to thinning when the
trees begin to crowd each other.
. A tree that has been raised in rich,
heavily manured nursery land and
pushed until it is over size is sure to be
very tender, not having ripened its
wood. Again, it is hard to get up
enough roots to support a tree so over
grown. The medium size tree will have
its wood well ripened and have suffl
cient roots to continue its growth, and
in less than three years will be larger
than the overgrown tree set out at the
same time and age.
To keep heads of trees well formed
requires but little pruning if given just
right and at the right time, but to try
to give a rule would be useless. In
pruning never cut out small twigs or
spurs growing on larger limbs. Many
cut these out thinking they will after
awhile make cross limbs, such is not
the case. These are your show for fruit,
and many persons destroy their first
fruit crops by thus cutting away these
fruit spurs.
PRUNING TOMATOES.
In his book on tomato culture A. I.
Root says.: Pruning should begin when
the suckers get to be one inch lorg.
This often occurs when they are still in
the cold frames. When they are set in
the field they will sucker very fast;
when the suckering or pruning should
not be neglected, as it makes the plants
throw off their first blooms. There are
three or four methods of pruning.
Some leave the main stalk and one
sucker ; some leave the main stalk and
two suckers, and some prefer to prune
to a siDgle stalk until just below the
first or second cluster, where it is sure
to fork, then leave the fork or two
stems. If pruning is to be practiced at
all, it is best to make up your mind to
do it and to take everything but the
main stalk under all circumstances.
Prune until you have fruit enough and
top ; if you are after early fruit and a
good heavy crop, five clusters are
enough; if you are after a big crop
from medium early to rather late, don't
prune at all, as unpruned tomatoes will
outyield pruned tomatoes ; but where
earliness counts for much, always
prune.
The English walnut can be grown in
the latitude of the Virginias, and there
is no reason why we should continue
importing that nut in such quantities
much loDger. There is a tree in Penn
sylvania which produces 40 bushels an
nually of marketable nuts. Their
growth is slow, but the outcome sure.
When bearing, an acre of them would
be of great value.
Lime seems to be an effectual remedy
for mildew upon cucumbers, melons,
potatoes, etc. Be sure to sprinkle the
fine powder on the under side of the
leaves es well as upon the upper. There
must be actual contact between the
caustic principles of lime and the
fungus.
Sudden and severe pruning at any
time, lopping off large limbs or taking
away of undue quantity of wood in a
single season is apt to ruin the ensuing
fruit crop, because it forces so much
sap into buds which remain so long
that they grow coarse and sappy ; even
if blossoms appear the fruit will not set.
Some of our best, fruits have come
from our native varieties, taken from
the woods ; especially is this so of our
raspberries, blackberries and gooseber
ries. Most of this within a generation.
There are yet other fruits to conquer,
doubtless. Let our experiment stations
try their hand with the huckleberry,
Juneberry, pawpaw and persimmon.
Tests have proved a mistake in leav
ing our apples on the trees until the
early frosts, or until they are quite
ripe. Those keep longest which are
gathered soonest after maturity. If
packed, either for shipping or home
keeping, nothing is better than dry
maple leavi s. Tae only way to dry
them perfectly is on a fl x)r. Careless
handling of fruit makes our efforts of
no avail.
It is easy to grow grape vines, but
we are not so sure of gathering the
fruit. Cover the vines in winter to
avoid the cold. Ward eff the rot and
mildew by spraying with a solution of
sulphate of copper and lime. By plant
ing upon high, sandy or gravelly soil,
with southern exposure, we may avoid
the frosts of autumn and spring. The
rosebug may be dodged by allowing
them to bloom upon the ground, or by
spraying with Paris green.
Those who do not spray their orch
ards and take the pains to procure
sound fruit will be driven out of the
market, while those who get the better
pric;e will be justified for their pains
and expense. The codlin moth has
made it very hard to get perfect fruit
for many years past, or an abundant
crop. Verily there is no excellence
without great labor, no matter what
may be our line in obtaining a liveli
hood.
Favoring free coinage means favor
ing more money. Opposition to free
coinage means opposition to more
money, and that is practically all there
ta in it. "Pftrifcr " "int.rinnir valno."
" " " -J , -w " ,
"sound money," &c, do not belong to
. , J 2 a. 1 1 mi - ....n?w.i-
are intended to mystify the true ques-
tion. ignore mem. Missouri trvriu.
POULTRY YARD
POULTRY POINTS.
The duck likes a clean bed and ought
to have it.
The flock should be kept tame, which
can be assured by gentleness when
among the fowls.
Whitewashing the poultry house in
side and out, is not only a precaution
against vermin, but adds to the ap
pearance. While there is such an immense con
sumption of eggs, it is worth while for
the farmer to think about helping sup
ply the demand.
Whatever may be thought of the re
cent praises of the suDfl jwer as a farm
crop, sunflower seed is a capital feed
for poultry, and is worth growing for
that purpose.
John Bauscher, the poultryman of
Freeport, III., says: After years of
experience and careful study we find
that the following recipe for making
egg food is the very best we have ever
used. For growing chicks, moulting
and laying fowls, the food provides
material for making bone, muscle,
feathers and eggs. It strengthens the
digestive organs and lays the founda
tion for vigorous, healthy fowls: Sul
phur, one pound; sulphate of iron, one
and one-half pounds; capsicum, one
and one half pounds; fiae salt, one half
pound ; powdered charcoal, two pounds;
ground ginger, one-half pound; fine
ground oyster shell, 20 pounds; fine
ground raw bone, 25 pounds. Direc
tions: Mix a teaspoonful to every two
quarts of meal for chicks; for fowls, a
teaspoonful to four quarts of meal.
THE DUCK AND THE HEN.
The question is repeatedly asked,
"which is the more profitable, the duck
or the hen?'' in order to decide this
matter, an enterprising poultryman, P.
II Jacobs, Hammonton, N J , made a
test. The result i3 reported as follows :
At a week old the duckling weighed
four ounces, while the chick only
reached two ounces At two weeks
old the duckling reached nine ounces,
and the chick got up to four ounces.
At three weeks, duckling one pound ;
chick, six and a quarter ounces. At
four weeks, duckling, one pound and
nine ounces ; chick, ten ounces. At five
weeks, duckling, two pounds and two
ounces; chick, fourteen ounces. At
six weeks Old, duckling, two pounds
and eleven ounces ; chick, one pound
and two and a half ounces. At seven
weeks old, duckling, three pounds and
five ounces; chick, one pound and
seven and a half ounces. At eight
weeks old, duckling, four pounds;
chick, one pound and seven ounces. At
nine weeks old, duckling, four pounds
and eight ounces ; chick, two pounds.
So it can be seen that in the same
time the weight of the chick was
doubled by that of the duck. The
prices for dressed carcasses run very
cks 3 to each other, so that the increased
price per pound makes the profits on
the duck greater, although it takes
about twice the amount of food to
grow them. The Poultry Keeper.
CLOVER FOR POULTRY.
Clover is most valuable for poultry.
A writer in the American Poultry Ad
vocate says that poultry likes clover
better than all other grasses or vege
tables, and he is right. He reminds us
that it contains elements for growth of
bone, feathers and muscle in young
stock, and production of eggs with
hens. For poultry that is moulting it
is most excellent; inducing them to
moult early and to go through their
moult vigorous and strong. It is an
established fact that poultry need green
food at times, especially in summer.
Clover grown second crop should be
cut, when just in bloom, or just before
this time when there is a profusion of
tender green leaves and the stalks have
not become woody. In curing the
clover a great deal of care and atten
tion should be given. It should not be
spread out in the hot sun too long, but
dried so the leaves shrink up some, but
not dried enough so they will crumble
and fall off. In handling, the clover
should be put in a pile or cocks and left'
to go through a curing or sweating pro
cess. These piles should be opened a
little every day and the whole pile
lightened up and turned completely
over, to get the bottom hay which
gathers misture from the ground up,
where the air can circulate through it.
The piles or cocks should be covered at
night and during any shower, with a
hay cap. After the piles have been up
a day or two and have been cured some,
the caps should be kept on all the time.
Of course a great deal depends upon
ue weather. In hot sunny weather,
clover can be cured in a few days, at
other times it would take much longer.
When cured, clover can be stowed in
barn or other dry place. To feed clover
to get the best results, it is best to cut
it up very fine, the finer the better,
then take twice the bulk of cut clover J
to bulk of grain, corn meal, bran and
wheat middlings, the whole to be thor
oughly cooked for the morning mash.
The clover should be boiled for an hour
or more to make it soft. The grain
should be thoroughly mixed with the
clover, and the whole left in the boiler
to stand over night for the morning
mash, and when cooked in a boiler or
set kettle, the whole mess slowly cooks
all night and comes out in the morning
a nice hot steaming mash, smelling
sweetly of clover and is greedily eaten
by poultry, large and small, enough
water should bo used in cooking the
mash to have it come out quite moist
in the morning, when a paddle full is
thrown into the feed trough it should
spat a little when it strikes. If the
mash should be stiff, so as to crumble
it is not eaten bo well, the poultry are
apt to scratch it out of trough, and
waste it. The stiff crumbly mash does
not pesa on to the gizzard readily and
time is lost, and for the time the poul
try are crop bound. When fed moist
enough, there is no trouble and it is all
eaten up. Chickens grow fast on such
a mash, but do not fatten, hens fed in
this way will have red combs, keep
healthy and lay plenty of eggs.
Thcs? who keep bees, as every farmer
should know that the most valuable
swarms come early, and after June it
is better wherever possible to prevent
swarming. It is hard calculating just
how many bee hives will be needed for
the season's increase. Some swarms
are much more prolific than others,
and we have known three and even
four swarms from one colony during
the summer. Every beekeeper should
have ladders of various kinds, and a
rough, light table on which to set the
hive while the limb of the tree on which
the swarm has settled is cut off and.
shaken beside it.
AVOID FALSE ISSUES.
Since the Memphis meeting there
has been no tidal wave of convers
ion to its platform.
Secretary Carlisle argued for the
gold standard and the resolutions of
the Convention echoed his sentiments,
says the St. Louis Republic
Instead of making progress for con
servative sentiment on the money ques
tion, the Secretary's address and the
resolutions which followed have had
the contrary effect. They have aroused
the most extreme silver men to in
creased activity. By making it appear
that the struggle is for and against the
gold standard, they have given to 16
to 1 leaders a plain advantage in ap
pealing to the overwhelming senti
ment of the West and South in favor
of silver money.
Ever since the opening of the special
s38sion of Congress in 1893, there has
been a concerted effort to effect a poli
tical division between gold monometal
lism and silver monometallism. It
may be said that there have been two
concerted effortp. One has been an
agitation to make the gold standard
the platform of all that class which
looks first at the maintenance of invio
lable public and private credit. The
other has been a widespread activity
in persuading the agricultural class,
which is compelled by its own inter
ests to look first at the prices of agri
cultural staples, that a monometallic
silver unit of value is the only plat
form on which tha opponents of the
single gold standard can place them
selves. Ic is a false issue. When that issue
is drawn, both sides must indulge in
casuistry. Both must ignore or mis
represent facts of finance and trade.
The gold standard is not indissolubly
connected with the maintenance of
credit. A silver standard would be a
tremendous revolution whose effects
upon the welfare of producing classes
no man can foresee.
Free coinage men of the old school
adhere to their principles. What they
want i3 that the Government of the
United States return to the free coin
age of both metals and in returning
use the usual methods of enlightened
natioES Their platform is: Fix a
date for opening, the mints and mean
while study carefully the conditions
of trade, industry and finance, so that
no rash blunder will oppress the labor
of the land for years before a remedy
can be applied.
v