Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / July 30, 1895, edition 1 / Page 1
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1 i THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, JULY 30, 1895. ? 10. No. 25 FA1MEE. caTIONAL FARMERS' ALLI- 4 UNION. iie-t-J- F. Willetts, Topeka, .president H. C. Suavely, Leb--Treasurer Col. D. P. Dun- oluinDia, o. v. EXECUTIVE BOARD. - Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann Brandon, Virginia; I. E. Dean, Fails, New York; H. C. Dem- cretary, JiarresDurg, rennsyi "jl3rion Butler, Raleigh, N. O. JUDICIARY. gouthworth, Denver, Colo. Beck, Alabama. .Davie, Kentucky. ,AHOLINA FARSEER3' STATS ALLI ANCE. jent J. M. Mewborne, Kinston, president A. C. Shuford, New- tjiy-Treasurer W. 8. Barnes, V C. aer Cyrua Thompson, Rich " C 'ffi-J. T- B- Hoover, Kim City, lab-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis rj keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens " C ant Deer keeper Jas. E. Lyon, iitat Arms J. R. Hancock, .Business Agent T. Ivey, Rol- jr Business Agency Fund W. laa, ilachpelah, N. C. tti C02OnTTEE OF THE NORTH I ; n Butler. Goldsboro, N. C. ; J. f . , Eoka, $. C. ; A. F. Hiieman, LLIASCZ JUDICIARY COMMTITES. 3rady, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J. relL vvnitrvme, v. ; uuuu ,j, Ridgeway, N. C. v irolina Reform Press Association. -i-J. L. Ramsey, President; .Butler, Vice-President; W. S 1 Secretary, PAPERS. Faroier. State Organ, Raleigh, N. C i, Raleigh, N. C Hickory, N. C. Whitakers, N. C. e. Heaver Dam, N. C. list, Lumberton, N. C. ie's Paper, Charlotte, N. C. .bale. Concord, N. C. toy. Wadesboro, N. C. Watchman, Sa.'Labury, N. C. of the above-named papers are ito keep the list standing on page and add others, provided duly elected. Any paper fail- ivocate the Ocala platform will led from the list promptly. Our xm now see what papers are d in their interest. PJCULTUEE. are more ducks in China, and 2 eaten, than in all the rest of i At soma of the duck farms country, 50,000 are annually up the working of the corn ton crop as soon as possible, them by level. The roots of ops will now fill the ground ild not be disturbed, ng or coarse manuring on our tag the same effect as the 3k, and are tut ways of con noiature and fertility, aa till iring the soiling does plowed ?ood use of the smoothing har he corn and other cultivated o tool in use will kill so many this, if used at the right time. p down the weeds and keep ace mellow, the two prime -3 in the culture of any crop et some cannot be satisfied a9 er wheat ever turns to chess Chess is a well known and ;ras9, and where sown repro elf perfectly. Wheat, when d that there can be no error wys produces wheat, and Ue. ;lish farmer puts clover hay w, alternating with it a layer The latter thus has the the hay imparted to it, and annot c mtains no more nutri- formerly, it smells and ter, and animals fed upon it clean. Waa never a more auspicious UY improved stock than now. 4 grass promise to be abund Ce8 for hogs and sheep are Enable, for breeding purer S2S. "t values of cattle and horses onably low, where sold for purposes jr cm afford to be an aver 1U(r .V. -tbe time, either of 6tck, for thV profit is nearly 16 bands of qhose who have pve the average. There is 1 t in the grHte8t y ield or y is the sama t-X." successful ten w '-" larmer. THE MOST APPROVED WAY OF BUILDING A SILO. Silos are usually built in one of two ways, either by what is known as the double boarded, or the siDgle ceiled way, and generally in either case out of pine lumber, as that seems to be the handiest and least expensive, although oak, hemlock and other woods, if sound free of knotholes and cracks, may be used. Many eilos are built in some part of the barn, to cheapen cost, because then the barn walls bt come the outside protection and roof, which re duces the silo to a big box in the barn, this being about a3 handy a place from which to feed the stock as can be found. In the barn the silo needs no stcne foundation. All that is required is to dig a trench the siz? of the silo, large enough to receive a 10 ir ci t q laro sill, and bed it in mortar underneath and on the sides to firm it. Set up the 2x6 studding 18 inches apart from center to center, and line up on the inside with inch lumber, 10 inches wide, crofs locked at the corner, and Bo securely that it will be impossible to pull apart Cover on ihe inside of this first lining with cheap tarred paper, then run on another layer of the same kind of lum ber; put it on with a half lap, so as to break the joints in the first layer, and nail well with 10d wire nails To make sure that the corners are tight, have a 3x3 inch scantling sawed through cor nerwiso and nail these halves into the corners, with a backing of paper well painted in with gas tar. In place of two thicknesses of boards, single surfaced No. 1 fl xjring boards may be used, and the grooves filled with paint, but in this case there must be more studiing used so as to make the walls extra firm. Now and then a man builds a single ceiled silo six cor nered, and puts the scantling round the pit like hoops, locking them well at the earners. In this case the lining boards must go on up and down, and be jointed with extreme care. The silage is taken out by having manholes in the sides, with small doors un hinged set in from the inside. The pressure of the silage holds them securely in place, and these are taken out one by one as the feeding of the silage progresses. When the" walls of the silo are fin ished and painted with a paint made of three quarts of gas tar and two quarts of gasolene well mixed taking care that no fire ccmes near it in mixing or applying the fljor may be made by drawing the soil from the center of the of the silo up to, and pounding down against, the 8;de walls until the floor is in the form of a kettle. If well pounded down and dampened in the operation, it makes one of the best of fl xrs. Tne double-boarded eilo, with a clay flDor, is the equal of any silo made for the proper keeping of silage. Two silos of this kind built eight years ago are still in perfect condition. They hold almost 200 tons of silage and did not cssflCO They fill all the requirements of a cheap and yet durable silo. By double board ing the walls with tar red paper be tween and by having a clay floor much lower in the center, the walls are absolutely air proof. In the last six years I have not lost by mold or decay 1,000 pounds of silage along walls, or in the corners ; and since I stopped cov ering and weighting the top, and simply wet the surface, when the heat begins to show itself, with 10 or 15 pails of water evenly distributed over the top surface, the spoiled silage on top has shrunken to lets than a wagon box full. John Gould, Ohio, in American Ag riculturist. Dig potatoes when the soil is dry; never dig when the soil is eo wet as to cling tenaciously to the tubers. After digging, allow them to become skin dry before bagging. Potato rot is fre quently caused by storing fresh from the soil. Give the skin a chance to Le come slightly dry and hardened. WOMEN AS FARMERS. Farmers who find the business profit able owe much of their success to the good management of their wives. It is conceded that a farmer without a wife that is a good home manager, cannot expect to make money. : As a rule farmers' wives are aa skill ful managers as their husbands, and share, or should, almost equally the burdens and privations of farm life. Al woman who has been reared in the country finds pleasure and health in overseeing the dairy, garden and poul try yard, as well as looking after her household duties. Where a farmer has such a wife he can devote his entire time to bis general farm work, aud, at the end of the year the profits will be nearly, if not quite, doubled. There There are many women in Michigan who farm extensively, and are as skilled in farming as many men. These wo. men have made money out of the busi ness, and would not give it up for any other, calling. I know of a mother and two daughters who, for a number of years, carried on a large farm almost wholly by their own labor, and made money enough to build a large barn, and at the same time kept the farm in a high state of cultivation, and always used the best of farm implements and always kept clear of debt A lady once said to me that successful and profit able farming depended wholly on the home management by the wife. The wife should be a helpmate to the hus band in all things not a slave to work, but a woman who takes an interest in the affairs of the farm and manages the farm so as to increase the husband's profits, and thereby make the farm home the ideal one, so that the husband will think it the brightest epot on earth, and their children will not be longing to cast their lot in the city, and too of ten become social outcasts, ad'sgrace to their parents and mere blots on the face of the earth. D. H. Morris. Vernon, Mich. Every year at harvest there will be some heads of grain that have turned black and not a kernel of grain can be found on them. It is possible that ac cidental injury to the straw from hail or heavy rain may cause this blasting of the heads. It is more common on rich land, but that that is probably be cause there the grain grows most rap idly, is most tender ai d most suscept ible to injury. The neighboring heads are not affected. Tnis s'aows that no bacterial disease causes the injury, and confirms the belief that it is due only to accidental injuries, which cannot always be prevented. WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, July 20, 1895- Central Office, Raleigh, N. C. The reports of correspondents of the Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued by the North Carolina State Weather Service, for the week ending Saturday, July 13, 1895, indicate, on the whole, a favorable week, though more than usual reports are received of damage by dryness and local storms. The temperature was above normal, with abundant sunshine. A large number of counties had good showers. In some places drought is beginning to prevail, though no great damage is reported as yet. Violent rain, hail and wind storms occurred on Friday in several counties in the Central and E istern districts. Curing tobacco progressing with good resultp. Fall Irish potatoes being p'anti d. Melons coming in slowly ; S3em to be late and poor. Eastern District. The past week was warm plenty of sunshine, and on the whole favorable for crops, though as is usual at this seasm the rain-fall was unevenly distributed. At many places it is very dry, though no real damage results as yet. Heavy rain and wind storms Friday injured crops, especially tobacco at Farmville, Pitt county, and Nashville, Nash county. Cotton getting plenty of weed ; in fact, reported as growing too fast in the south; but blooms and squares short; lice seem to be disappearing in many sections. Tobacco fine; cutting and curing going on with excellent results. Fall crop of Irish potatoes being planted. Melons coming in, and ship ments begun. Rtver rice fields well worked and rice promising. Much complaint of cholera among, the hogs. Central District. The weather was favorable this week, except as to the distribution of rain fall. Same points have received no rain in several weeks, at others the ground is too wet to plow. The majority of counties have had beneficial rains. Heavy local rains with hail and wind damaged crops to some extent on Friday at places in Guilford, Durham, Vance, Chatham, Anson, Rockingham and Wake coun ties. In the south cotton growing too fast, and is making plenty of weed nearly everywhere. Tobacco fine, and curing is going on now in this section also. The crop has suffered irom dry ness in some sections. Corn earing very nicely; soma complaints still of damage by chinch bugs. Big crop of corn will be gathered from lowlands if there are no freshets. Wheat thresh ing continues. Melon crop poor. Farm ers are finishing up their work rapidly. Western District. Rain is beginning to be needed in many localities, but crops have not suffered greatly any where yet. Where shower nrrAH growing crops made fine progress. Re ports on corn indicate a most favorable outlook. Cotton is improving; it is blooming freely in some fields; but the cotton crop is not nearly so promising as corn. Reports on wJiPat. n fi- last week's btatement that wheat is turning out a good average yield from the threshing machine. Oats generally reported to be good crop. Fruit pienti ful and of fair quality. Rve is being harvested. Wheat and oat stubbles where not sei in clover and grass should be worked over with a disc or spading harrow, or a heavy cultivator, and should be seeded with Gorman clover. This will largely prevent the growth of a heavy crop of weeds which not only exhaust the land, but fill it with weed seds to make work for another year. GROWING SWEET POTATOES. Writing for the Southern Cultivator, a correspondent says, with reference to growing sweet potatoes, that all plants which form tubers or tuberous roots in which a store of food is put in r s?rve for another season's growth m the shape of starch, need large supplies of potash. The uso of highly nitrogen- lzed fertilizers is not advisable with the sweet potato. The plant grows through the whole hot season when nitrification is active and if plenty of vegetable matter is in the soil and plenty of pos- ash, the crop in this latitude is a sare one, particularly on a sandy soil. The best general manure f jr sweet potatoes is the rotten leaves from a pine forest. Cover the land all over with this mate rial as thickly as you choose, during the winter. Work thfs well into the soil. Now make a mixture of 1.000 po jnds of acid phosphate to 500 pounds of muriate of potaah and scatter in the furrow under the potato ridges 400 pounds of the mixture per acre. Lap a furrow from each side over this fur row, clip the top off the ridge thus made and set the plants., Mcs" people ridge their potatoes too high and thus grow long and crocked roots. Make the ridge shallow so that the tuberous roots soon strike bottcm, they wiil form ehort and smooth. A sweep used in hilling cotton will make sweet potato ridges plenty high enough. Sweet po tatoes can be grown on the same land for several years with this treatment, but the land soon becomes too rich in nitrates, and it is best to change off to other land. In fact rotation is of as much us 3 as in grain fields. After two or three crop3 of potatoes have been taken, it will be found that the land is in fine condition for clover, and with the clover a dressing of lime will pro duce wonderful results. HOKTIOULTUEE CRANBERRY PESTS At a convention of cranberry grow ers in Philadelphia, as reported in the New England Homestead, it was stated that several members whose bogs had been seriously damaged by grasshop pers and katydids had purchased large flocks of turkeys and set them to forag ing. They soon ate up the grasshopperp, but the katydids largely fl iw away and did not return. The turkeys trampled many of the berries off, but it was thought that the gain largely exceeded the loss. Another member, who had had his berries destroyed by grasshop pers, bought an expensive spraying machine and sprayed the bogs early in the season, before the fruit was set, with paris green, and thus secured a large crop where formerly all the berries had been eaten by insects. FERTILIZERS ON TOMATOES. A New Jersey station report gives details and results of an experiment on the value of nitrate of soda in varying amounts, both alone and in different combinations, with boneblack and mu riate of potash. Twelve twentieth acre plats were employed, two of them be ing left unfertilized and another treated with barnyard manure, as checks. To some of the plots all of the nitrate of soda was applied at once, and to others two applications were made, three weeks apart. The tomatoes matured more quickly and gave a greater pro portion bf early fruit on the plats re ceiving nitrate of soda. Other results were as ; follows : 1. Nitrate of soda is superior to both barnyard manure and mineral fertili zers alone. 2. Nitrate of eoda alone is, on the whole, but slightly less effective than the, complete manure. 3 When small quantities of nitrate are used, the Recond application is advantageous. 4. Large quantities (320 pounds per acre) of nitrate are more effective than small quantities (160 pounds per acre.) POULTRY YABD CHICKEN ARISTOCRACY. Yh?.,s that?" asked a dignified hen: That chicsen in white and gray? bhe s very well dressed, but Horn whence did she come? 4 A?ld ner ffcmily who are they?" 'f"J never can move In our t et. my dear." fcaid the old hen's friend to her, later; X ve jast found out you'll be shocked to hear isne was Imtchtd in an incubator!" Harper's Round Table. POULTRY POINTS. Keep the laying hens quiet and com fortable. Coal oil can always be relied upoa to kill vermin. Supply water that can be relied upon as clean and fresh. Young chickens cannot bear large rations of rich food. As a rule it is not best to keep more than fifty fowls in one flock Milk can alwajs be used to a good advantage in feeding poultry. Poultry in orchards destroy insects and keep trees in good condition. Swelled head with running at the nose is a good indication of roup. Feed growing chickens very early in the morning and very late at night. Kerosene oil, applied to the roosts, U one of the best ways of killing parasites. For market fowls between breed and feed the feed is of the most importance. Toe objection to purchasing screen ings to feed poultry is the necessity of buying. In nearly all cases there is more profit marketing fowls early than at any other time. Good, medium-siz.d turkeys, that are in good condition, are marketable at any season of the year. To keep down lice give fresh dust baths, clean nests, and dust insect powder in the feathers of the fowls. Chickens should never b9 allowed to roost until they are ten to twelve months old, or they will have crooked breasts. Tobacco stems, covered with straw, are excellent preventives of insect breeding, and especially so with the setting hen. The best way to supply bone meal or oyster shells is to givj dry, supplying in boxes, and allowing chicks to help themselvep. Oae advantage in keeping a good flock of fowls is that in a majority of cases the cost of caring for them i9 pro portionately lessened. Besure that the ground fl )or of the poultry house is enough higher than the surrounding ground so as to be con fident that it is perfectly dry. Ducks should be allowed as much liberty as possible, as they will not stand confinement like chickens; to thrive well they require a good range. The heading of early cabbage may be hastened by binding a string around the head so as to press the outer leaves together. It will make a difference of 10 days to two weeks over cabbage not so treated, and this increased earlinees secures a much better and higher mar ket. Where the cabbage leaves are tied up there are fewer of the outer leaves to be thrown away in preparing for cooking. BUILD YOUR POULTRY HOUSES NOW. In the summer the preparations for winter must bo made. Oae does not notice the difference between cold weather and the fall season until the snow and cold winds come, and it is then that a visit to the poultry house at night, when the birds are on the roost, will demonstrate that they teel the change of temperature severely. If the Brahma breed is used, the heavy feathering of the bodies will protect them ; but many breeds have no feathers on the body under the wings, which display a naked body bare of down. sue a Diras cannot enaure as low a temperature as those protected by down under the wings, as well as on other portions of the body. Keeping the hens as warm as possible cannot be too frequently discussed, even in sum mer. Protection at night, when the hens are on the rocst, is more import ant than the food, for should the hens become chilled, it may result in roup. It is customary to build' poultry houssa at the least cost, under the sup position that the hens can endure any degree of cold ; but this is true only of those breeds that are well feathered, and even then such hens may go safely through the winter, coming out in good condition in the spring, yet giving little satisfaction as egg producers. They must not only be protected from cold, but must be kept warm. It im proper to lath and plaster the whole house in a cold climate, but this might : be overlooked if those keeping fowls did not freeze them with ventilating, appliances. It is useless to attempt to keep the hens comfortable and tho house warm, and at the same time make openings to allow the warmth to escape, by attempting to afford ven tilation. The use of tarred paper on the outside of the poultry house is a cheap and effectual method of keepings the cold out, and it is better to use it on the outside than the inside, as it is liable to condense moisture if used on the inside. The wood absorbs warmth during the day, if there is plenty of glass, and for that reason paper should only b9 applied to the inside walls -when they are plastered. Farm, Field and Fireside COMPARE RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES. Egs have come down in price, and now is an excellent time to comparer the receipts and expenses with the -winter months. It is not a question ot prices, but of profits. A great many farmers and poultrymen estimate their receipts not so much on what the hens., are doing as on what the eggs are bring; ing. They overlook the fact that on the approach of more moderate weather, "less food and more eggs are? the result. Eggs go up to 50 cents a dcz -n when the weather is severely cold, yet not a hen may lay an egg. The vry reason that eggs become high -:s because the hen are not at work. It i certainly more profitable to the farmer to receive even two eggs a week, from each hen when prices are lower than have the hens not producing any when eggs are high. The control of laying is not within the province of the farmer. It is not natural for birds of any kind to lay in winter; hence, the laying of eggs at that seas n is an ex ception and not the rule, Farm, Field and Fireside. WARREN COUNTY MEETING. Correspondence of the Progreesive Farmer, ViCKSBORO, N. C. Warren County Allance has just held one of the best meetings in i' s history By invitatioD, we met with Churchill Sub-Alliance, and royally did the brethren entertain us 1 Oar member ship is not what it was before the cam paign of 1892, but we are a body of veterans, with now and then a new recruit. In every community we have a "Committee of Safety," who keep the fire of patriotism burning upon the Al liance altar. This fire, we are deter mined shall not go out. We realize each day that the Alliance is the bul wark of our safety the great rudder which must direct the ship of State, We appeal at the opening and closing of our meetings, to the Great Captain, the Ruler of the Uni verse, to place His hand upon the helmr and surely he will guide us aright. There is the same desire among us that only Right and Truth and Justice shall prevail, that animated us eight years ago. We look around us and see the hand' of greed, oppression and malice in our midst, ai d realize that our only relief is in the great educational feature of the Alliance. We have accomplished great things,, but there is work yet for us to do. The Alliance is a band of patriots, has cen tered the attention of the whole world upon the demands, and "Line upon Line" are forcing the great truths we assert into the minds and hearts of the people. Let ua then press forward in the good work, and not be content until every laborer and producer, yea, even our enemie3, s'lall feel and realize that the Alliance is the great coneervator of the liberti'. s of the American people. For the ensuing year we have elected as officers the following brethren, Pres ident, Wm. B. Fleming; Vice Presi dent, W. G. Powell; Secretary, How ard F Jones; Treasurer, Wm. R. Wig. gins; Chaplain, John B. PoweD; Lec turer, W. C. Drake; Assistant Lectu rer, Jas. H. Mayfield ; Doorkeeper, J. F. P. Horton; A-sistant Doorkeeper,, Alfred Bishop; Sergeant at Arms, Geo. Stegall; Business Agent, Howard F; Jones; Executive Committee, John Graham, R S. F. Peete, J. W. Stewart j Delegate to State Alliance, Howard F. Jones; alternate, J. H. Mayfield. Howard F. Jones Gold is not money, silver is not taper is not monev unto made so by the government then one mate rial is just as good aa another. ritts-- burg Kansan.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 30, 1895, edition 1
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