,?iTHE PtOGlESSIYE
J ,-,
FA M WWU
Largest Circul
tion of any Paper
in the South At
lantic States.
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. ,
RALEIGH, N. C, AUGUST 20, 1895.
Vol. 10.
No. 28
rTtfATlONAI- FARMERS' ALLI
r3 ?CE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
p. Willetts, Topeka,
President-II- C. Suavely, Leb
Sry-Trcasurer-CoLD. P. Dun-
Columbia, 8. C.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
t t mirks Huron, S. D. ; Mann
a- hlndln Virginia; I. E. Dean,
New York H. C. Dem-
SonCO&rft rV Harriburg. Pennsvl
:.r Butler, Baleigh, S. C.
a
Mnon
JUDICIARY.
p a Roiithworth, Denver, Colo.
S.
D ' Davie, Kentucky.
r oot.ISA FARMERS
STATE AI.LI-
Prwidect-J. M. Mewborne, Kinstcn,
S'viee -Presidcnt-A. C. Shuford, New
l0?' ?:u.TrMurer- W. S. Barnes,
S:re .;
N C.
rcturer-Cyrug
Thompson, Rich
;feari-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
Ciaplain-Dr. T. T. Speight, Lewis
'1-qt -keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens
SiatkntDwr keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
TWhani. N. C. ,.
Sergeant at Arms-J. R. Hancock,
Greensboro, N. C.
State Business Agent T. Ivey,
isih. N. C. ,
" xrustec Business Agency Fund W.
1. Graham. Machpelan, N. C.
tXECUnVK COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
CAB0U5A FARMERS' 8TATE ALLIANCE.
Marion Butler, Goldsboro, N. C. ; J.
j Lone. Eoka, N. C. ; A. F. Hileman,
dencord, X. C.
STATI ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
Jno. Brady. Gatesville, N. C; Dr. J.
F. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C. ; John
Graham, Ridgeway, N. C.
ertD Carolina Reform Presa Association.
Oncers J. L. Ramsey, President;
iarwn Butler, Vice-President ; W. &
'mmes. Secretary,
PAPERS.
Pogreeelve Farmer, State Organ, Raleigh, N. C.
lauca.-ian,
eerc-ry,
urtier,
ihr Home,
Tie Poi.uli-t,
Tie People's Pa; er.
Tie Vestibule,
TLt plow-Hoy
Car:!:uA Watchman,
Raleigh. N. C
Hickory, N. C.
Whitakers, N. C.
Reaver Dam, N. C.
Lnmberton, N. C.
Charlotte, N. C.
Concord, N. C.
Wadesboro, N. C.
Sa ibury, N. C.
Sack of the above-named papers are
wtiested to keep the list staiiding on
an first page and add others, provided
fey are duly elected. Any paper fail
ng to advocate the Ocala platform will
if dropped from the list promptly. Our
sxcvle am now see what papers are
ruoiished in their interest.
AGRICULTURE.
Ri?pberries produce good crops in
the same soil for years, while straw
berries produco their best crops the
first year they come into full bearing
Graphs prown in a clayey soil are
darker and more glossy than when
grown on gravelly land ; but the sweet
est and r-'ie3t tasted grapes are grown
cn gravelly sod.
Bermuda grass is the best for grazing
hich can be found in the South. It
is net as - jodas clover for milk and
butter, but for fattening purposes it
ias no superior.
The removing of the old canes in the
thrifty growing plants is about all of
"S pruning needed with currants, and
:t serves to keep the plants in a good
fruiting condition generally.
There is excellent food for stock in
aea-. cut green, while the grain is
Sac and e.t recent prices pays better
f jr mi! -h cows and other cattle, horses
acd sheep than to thresh the grain.
Tiiose ho have their doubts about
i-Uiisive cultivation, extra manurirs.
etc
are the men who are nevr;r
tmpn.' to pr&c ice them.
Oae shcu'd
condemn a thmg
wi.acu. .-.tno trial.
the hirm-r that hard
tirne.s of u ;
H a rare visits. Stat ;ics how that
.'Utture P-fer than banking, rail
th;i:.
or
manufacture
taking all
'.to account.
i sraad corner c f the corn field
irs or barley for pasture for
l- rye.
l p :s can be run for a few
f-iil without the leat dam
' crop, and to the great
' the pigs.
'.-irr s a clean, long lived,
: a '.ow, a,U stock should be
ar.d ihen mowed twice a year,
rv. A rrrur t.imrt.hv meadow
If
if Goc
Cl
'-!y ruined by tramping and
er harvest.
It ; .
tirnated that the ration which
one nminri nf steer meat beef
Ui aIS0 rrinbo nnn rniind nf hnttpr nr
0 Of pqppq TViJa ia a t.Virmcht. wnrtVi v
t Cr,c;. . . . . . . m i-
are
m aeration by tnose iarmers wno
teirUve stock.
IMPROVED COTTON
CULTURE.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
In my last article I referred to the
importance of leguminous crops in the
restoratation of our land so as to make
the maximum croj:s possible, and
spoke o' the importacca of the South
era cow pea in starting this improve
ment. Within the past five years an
other crop has been introduced to the
notice of our farmers that promises to be
the greatest aid and ,ally of tho cow
pea for the Southern farmer that has
yet been tested. Tbis is the annual
winter growing clover now known as
crimson clover. There is no plant that
tics in so well with the cow pea as a
forage crop for the S uth or as a reno
vating crop. I have been urgiDg the
merits of this clover upon the cotton
farmers of the Sjuth for several years
and not only on the cotton farmeis but
on all of our farmers alike. Mr. R P.
McAnally, of Saxon, N. C , writes that
he tried crimson clover three years
ago, but it grew only nine it ces high
and he discarded it. But recently he
was induced to give it another trial
with the help of S)0 pounds of kainit
per acre harrowed in with the se d
and now he reports a wonderful growth
"as thick as the hair cn a dog's back."
This shows that his soil needs the help
of the potasdi in the kainit to enable it
to gather nitrogen for him. The great
advantage to the cotton farmer in the
crimson clover crop is that he can sow
it all through his cotton field after the
cultivation is over in August and will
have a green pasture all winter in
place of a bare soil washing away all
through the winter rains and will have
a growth to plow under for corn in the
spring that will insure him a good
crop. Then as I have said, it fits in
well with the cow pea crop, fores soon
as the peas are cut for hay, he can sow
the clover seed on the lai d after stir
ring it with a cutaway harrow, and
can pasture it till time to put the land
in order for cotton. Mr. Wm. Choice,
of Spartanburg, S. C, writes that he
had an outlying farm that he tried to
sell, as he had more land than he needed ,
but failing to do so, he asked my ad
vice how to treat it, as the land had
been badly run down under the old one
crop planting ej stem. I advised him
to use liberally pot&sh salts and dis
solved phosphatic rock, and sow it
down in crimson clover. He prepared
in August a large field and did as di
rected. The results have been, he says,
more than satisfactory. 4,In April fol
lowing the clover was in full bloom,
and made a largo crop of hay, which
was eft in time to plant cotton Planted
on the clover sod, without any other
manure, and the young cooton now
shows that rich, rank growth which is
a fair harbiDger of a good crop. Thits
goes to show that a proper rotation,
with crimson clover as the basis of re
cuperation, will make the farm rich
and at the same time give paying
crops. ' Here, then, we see the effect
of one well fertilized crop of crimson
clover, the hay from which fully paid
all the expense of the fertilizers, in
giving the promise of a good crop with
out further fertilization. No bills for
complete fertilizers at a high price to
be paid for out of that cotton. This
shows what I have for years been in
sisting upon, that the trua way to fer
tilize for cur sale cror s ia to use the
cheaper forms of mineral plant food to
grow a heavy crop of the plants that
ore going to capture for us the nitro
gen that c jsts so much in a complete
fertil z ?r and thus not only get a heavy
forage crop to feed for the making of
a profit cut of stock, and to make our
manure pile larger, b it thus fix nitro
gen in the land for the succeeding crop
of cotton or corn. This is in effect not
only getting the fertilizer free for the
cotton crop, but the making of a profit
in doing so and at the same time have
the s itiefaction to know that our soil
is actually being improved by the pro
cess. It has been well said that "ihe
coming farmer of the South will be a
legume farmer." Cor peas and crim
son 'clover, with a liberal use of the
cheap potash and phosphate, lie at tho
very foundation of all rational farm
improvement in the Suth. By their
aid, the land need never, either in
summer or winter, be left to the wast
ing of rains and sun by lying bare, but
between every hoed crop may be cov
ered with a growth to yield profit while
it gathers fertility for the land and
sod for the sale crop?. But it must
not be tsmmed that these crops will
bring all the elements of fertility to
a soil that has been exhausted by long
tillage and exposure to the leaching
effects of rain and sun: If you want
the best results from the action of the
AIDS TO
leguminous crops, you must feed them.
They will gather nitrogen for you free,
but they cannot get the potash and
phosphoric acid that the crops of
former years have taken away from
the soil, and without these are given
them, they cannot get the titrogen
they would with a well developed
growth, and you will not onl lose the
hay crop they would give, but the
elfect on the soil for subsequent crops.
Nothing from nothing and nothing
remains it will pay rar better to put
a liberal dressing of the cheap mineral
fertil-zrs on the pea and clover crops,
than to put the same money value in a
high grade fertilizer on the cotton crop
direct, and not only pay better in the
cotton crop, but in the permanent im
provement of the soil. Having these
two crops then as sheet anchors in our
efforts to grow cotton cheaply, we will
take up in our next the various rota
tions of crops that may be practiced
with cotton as the money crop, or in
other wordp, the .way in which we will
change from planting to farming.
W. F. Massey.
It is well to always mix a little
chopped hay, straw or corn fodder with
ground feed. This gives The finer food
proper bulk, and keeps it from pack
ing in the animal's stomach. It also
adds variety to the ration.
THE CURING OF TOBACCO.
CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK
Correspondence of the Progressive farmer.
The heating of the barn to 110 de
grees to 115 degrees in the first stages
of curing has been practiced for many
years in all this soction, but be sure be
fore ycu undertake it that the tobacco
is not nearer than six feet of the flue;
and be sure not to run the heat high
enough or long enough to coddle the
tobacco, and be sure to let the barn
cool off for at lecst six hours before the
steaming process should commence.
It is worse than useless to undertake
to cure tobacco that has ripened thick
and green on the hill, any other than
of a dark red or dark brown color. I
have heard some tobacco curers assert
that they could cure of a yellow color
any tobacco that they could steam to
a yellow. Any tobaccor however un
ripe or green, may be steamed until
perfectly yellow, but it cannot be cured
so as to retain the yellow color. All
tobacco that has ripened thick and
green on the hill should either be
shingled down on-t he groun d in a shady
grove or hung upon a scaffold for a
lew days before being put into the
barn. When thus treated too great a
beat should not be put on or applied at
fir3t, else the tobacco will cure up bODy
and brittle, instead of tough and
leathery, qualities always desirable in
tobacco. But always guard against
letting the tobacco remain until the
stem and fi.ire swell or become des
tined, and the grain is raised, before
applying the heat. The swelling of
the stem and fibres and the raising of
the grain is caused by the fermenta
tion of the sap and mark3 the decay of
the plant. When 110 degrees have
been reached keep the floor of the
barn and the wall back of the flues
dampened until 125 degrees have been
reached, taking 12 hours to reach that
point. Tobac30 thus treated will cure
up a cherry red, and will be sweet and
tough. By letting tobacco thus cured
remain for some days in an open barn
before closing it up, or packing it
down, greatly improves tho uaiformity
of the color.
Caring for tobacco after it is cured,
no person can be successful without a
good pack house where to store his
cured tobacco. Tnis should be built on
a dry, sunny hillside, if convenient ; if
the site is not dry it should be made
so; the house should beset on pillars
or posts, so as to admit of the free pas
eage of the wind underneath. It. should
have a roof that will not leak a drop,
a tongue and grooved flior well.puo
down, or a double one of thinner plank,
being careful to break the joints. If a
frame building, it should be tightly
ceiled; if made of logs, it should be
closely chinked and daubed with lime
mortar and then have the eaves to pro
ject, and put a bonnet at each end to
keep the mortar from washing out.
The storing room should be filled
with tier poles from within six feet of
the floor to roof, perpendicularly one
above the other, about two feet apart,
with the under or lower poles or tiers
moveable, so that when not in use they
may be moved aside ; this may be done
easily by placing inside of the wall two
logs for the ends of the moveable poles
to rest on. These logs will be above
the height of the door and out of the
way. If, however, one prefers a high
door, the log at the door may be cut
out the width of the door and short
posts. Set under each end the move
able poles should be stout enough to
sustain the weight of a man while put
ting up or taking down tobacco The
pack house, if built cf logs and daubed,
should be thoroughly dried out before
using for storing purposes. -
It takes generally three and a half to
five days to cure a barn of tobacco
properly ,"so that leaf, stem and stalk
will be thoroughly cured. However,
from many causes, it is often difficult
to kill out every stalk, and when a
curing is removed to the pack house, a
close look out should be kept for any
uncured sterms or stalks.
When tobacco is first curt d it is open
like a sponge, and if the weather is
rainy or the air damp, it will soon be
charged with moisture, and become
damp and limber, and in a short time
will change to its natural color, which
is amber or pale cherry red.
Then I will cautiou you that if you
have succeeded in curing a bright barn
of tobacco, and the weather is rainy or
very damp, see to it that you do not
let your tobacco become high in order;
this can be prevented by keeping a
little fire in the flues. Never remove
a curing to the pack house when it is
misty or foggy. If the weather is suit
ab'e when the tobacco becomes j-ist
soft enough to handle without break
ing the fiber, remove to the pack4)Ouse.
Commence in one corner of the room
and shingle downier: si one side or
end ; then place down another course
or layer until the bulk is too high for a
man to stand on the fl or and place it
upon the bulk. Here it should remain
in bulk until it presses out straight and
flat, when it should be ho sted to the
poles. Commencing at one end of the
barn, place the first stick butt down,
then run the course to the r of, being
careful to keep the leaves straight, and
if .there is a stick not well killed out be
sure to put it near the roof, in the top
course. If placed lower down it will
mould and stain any plant that may
touch it. Be sure to place the butts
down on all the lower tiers ; this will
prevent the tobacco on the lower tiers
from changing color, which it is sure
to do, if exposed to light and air. Be
very particular in handling. Do not
crush the leaf. Do not break the fibers
or stem. Make it an invariable rule to
never trail, bruise, crush or break to
bacco. Never tread upon a leaf, either
curt d or uncured. Handle it at every
8tage(as a mother would a new born
babO from the hill to the market, and
you will be richly repaid for all your
trouble. In fact, no one but a patient,
painstaking person will succeed well in
growing fine tobacco. If a damp, warm
fall follows, it is difficult to keep to
bacco from becom:ng high in order.
This can be done by keeping inside the
barn a small stove, or by placing burn
ing coal in a pot or iron vessel, in the
pack house. If a stove is used, see to
it that no tobacco is near the pipe, and
that the piping does not set fire to the
wall. Freshly cured tobacco will not
catch on fire from a spark, but the
older tobacco becomes the more readily
it will ignite. Very old tobacco will
ignite almost as readily as punk.
Later in the season I will write on
marketing tobacco. B F. White.
WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL
LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, Aug xo,
1895.
Central Office, Raleigh, N. C.
The reports of correspondents of the
Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued
by the North Carolina State Weather
Service, for the week ending Saturday,
Aug. 10, 1S95, indicate a very warm,
sunny week,, with local showers. The
temperature rose steadily during the
week, with maximum temperatures on
S iturday above 91 degrees, and a mean
about 8 degrees above the normal. A
good many very beneficial local rains
occurred which greatly benefite " crops,
but many sections in the northern part
of the Eastern, and in the Central atd
Western districts are Buffering from
drought, which is chiefly affecting
gardens and corn. However, at many
places where the drought was most
severe last week fine showers have
fallen this week. With a good season
next week a splendid crop of corn will
be assured. Tobacco cures are very
good. Farmers are sowing turnips
and beginning fodder-pulling in south.
Eastern District Reports from this
district are nearly all favorable, and
crops have made fine progress. The
weather was very warm, with local
showers nearly every day, except at
some places, chiefly in the northern
portions of the district, where not
enough rain has fallen. There has been
abundant sunshine. On Sunday,
August 4th, a heavy washing rain oc
curred in the southeast corner of the
State, without great damage. L;ght
hail reported from two points. There
are very few sections in this district
which can be said to be seriously suffer
ing for want of rain. Corn especially
doing very well; fodder pulling has
begun in the south. Tobacco crop good
and curing up fine. The majority cf
reports indicate improvement in cot
ton, which with late fall may make a
good crop yet. Sowing turnips, and
early planted have come up well
Field-peas good. Sweet potatoes doing
well, and second crop of Irish potatoes
being planted. Rice doing well. Rins
reported: Falkland, 2 05 inches; Rich
latds, 1 25, Pantego, 1.10; Point Cas
well, 0 50; Mount Olive, 2 00; Trenton,
1,06; Jacksonville, 1.40; Wilmington,
2 30; Southport, 2 37.
Central District. A very warm, on
the whole favorable week. Though
local showers occurred at many places,
mostly in the southern porfion of the
district where especially needed, there
has not been sufficient rain, and crojs
are suffering to some extent from
drought. The least rain fall this week
was in the c antral and northern por
tions of the district. Local storms
with high winds did some damage in
Scanly county (New London), Chat
ham county (n'ne miles north of Riggs
beeV), and in Dwidson county (Ilex)
Tobacco is needing rain, but some re
port it a very fine crop. Priming and
curing tobacco will be general by next I
week, which is about average date.
Corn, except where damaged to a slight
extent in the sou;h portion of district,
is growing right along; though needing
rain. One good season would assure
a splendid corn crop. One correspond
ent is enthusiastic enough to report
corn as finest since the war. Cotton
has considerably improved and bids
fair to produce a good August crop
Turnips and crimson clover being
planted. Fiuit and vegetables very
plentiful. Grapes being shipped daily.
Rains reported : Saxon, 0 11 mcb ;
Southern Pines, 100; Osborne, 0.85;
Rockingham, 2 00; Greensboro, 0 20;
Soapstone Mount, 0.55; Worthville,
0.25; Raleigh, 0.36.
Western District. Reports from
this district are very diversified. Good
showei s which were very beneficial to
all crops occurred at a large number of
places on the 6:h. 7th and 8th; from
these paints fine growing weather is re
ported and the recovery of crops from
damage by previous drought. Over
other portions of the district crops are
suffering severely for lack of rain. It
has been very warm with abundant
sunshine. Toe outlook is, however,
more favorable than at the c!c s 3 of last
week. Corn has been injured to some
extent for want of rain, and is needing
it everywhere. Cotton, though late, is
boiling fairly well, and may make a
good crop with late fall. Fruit very
abundant. Some turnips being planted,
though ground is too dry at many
places. Irish potatoes are nearly ma
tured in west. Rains reported: R ither
f ord College, 0 35 inch ; Mt. Pleasant,
1 16; Morganton, 0 74; Lynn, 0.82; Con
cord, 0 30; Charlotte, 0.74; Mocksvilie,
0 99 ; Salisbury, 1.00; Rutherfordton,
0 19 ; Davidson, 1 90 ; Startown, 1 62 ;
Hudson, 1.00; Maiden, 1 25.
It is the business of breeders of dairy
cattle to breed and feed and otherwise
care U r the physical comforts of the
animals subjected to their oversight in
such a way as to maintain a sound con
stitution of the body. To fail here is
to fail all around. Ic stands breeders
in hand to be on the alert for any
weaknesses of this nature.
HQRTICTJLTXJlCE
HORTICULTURAL HINTS.
As shoots start up where no branches
are wanted pinc'i them off and leave
others where it is desired to have them
grow.
Some species of fungi have neither
roots, stem, leaves, flowers nor seed
and derive their nourishment through
pore s
In cultivating ycur apple trees you
may raise corn in the orchard for a
very few years, provided you don t
plant it too near the trees, and will cut
it up and haul it out early in the win
ter, and by no means make a shock
around a tree.
Whether you plant yearlings or flve-year-olis,
they will be about the same
size six or seven years after planting
with the chances in favor of the younger
trees being the most firmly rooted.
But up, to that time the older trees will
have paid decidedly the best.
One thing certain, as a rule the horti
culturist lives a little better than the
average of men, as he always has
plenty of fruit and vegetables to eat.
He usee 400 to 500 loads of manure an
nually, and hs grounds show it. His.
soil is an excellent one naturally.
The preservation of insectivorous
birds and all innoxious reptiles should
be insisted upon by county and town
governments, and a knowledge of the
principal forma of predaceous and can
nibal insects disseminated through the
public schools both of town and country.
PEACHES IN TEXAS.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer,
Marshall, Texas.
I desire some information from the
readers of your most valuable journal.
If I can secure a partner with $15,000
to 125,000 cash capital, I desire to put
ia an orchard of 300 acres in peaches
and 20 acres in blackberries. In a re
cent issue of the Atlanta Constitution
was an article on the peach orchards of
Fort Valley and Taomasville, G v , in
whic'o $191 per acre was given as the
receipts from a peach crop. From this
article, the data for which was fur
nished by leading peach growers of
that section, I take the items of cost of
trees, planting, fertilizing and cultivat
ing, cost of land, boxes and freights
are omitted from costs, as returns from
crops are estimated as net. If there
are any errors in these figures, par
ticularly of putting receipts too high
and expenses too low, I shall be very
thankful to be corrected, e.t'aer edito
rially or through communications or
private letters, as I contemplate put
ting almost my all into this enterprise.
The great feature of this orchard is
to the fact that it will be located where
the peaches will never be killed by
freezing or frosts. Tbis, no doubt, to
many of your readers, sounds incred
ible; yet it is trup, and can be proven
by as reliable men as there t re in Texas
or elsewhere, and that certain con
ditions which prevail in the locality
where I intend plamiag this orchard,
operate to prevent frosts and freezing
from killing peaches, can be proven by
as high authority on horticulture as
there U in the U iited Statep, and a cer
tain locality in Georgia and others in
Michigan and Maryland can be cited to
prove this statement. I so well know
the truth of this assertion that I am
willing to invest $15,000 in the enter
prise and stake my investment as a
guarantee of enormous profits to the
other partner or partners.
While only 400 acres are needed for
the orchard, I include 1,000 in the esti
mate, to allow for increasing orchard
and to prevent any one else purchasing
the remainder of this most desirable
tract. I estimate as follows:
1.000 acres of land $20,000
Fencing 400 acres 300
Clearing 320 acres 1,800
Trees for 300 acres 3.000
Planting 300 acres, $2 per acre COO
Cultivating 300 acres 4 years, at
$10 per acre 3,000
Fertilizing 300 acrt s, at $2 per
acre 600
Plants, planting and cultivating
20 acres in berries 4 years and
other expenses 700
Total expenses 3 y's, inVd'gland $30,0GO
RECEIPTS FOR FOUR YEARS
Receipts from berries, 20 acres,
21, 3d and 4'h year, at $20 per
acre per year $12,000
From 300 acres peachep, 31 year,
30 000 trees, at one bushel per
tree and $1 per bushel 30,000
From 300 acres 4th year at f iyi
per acre, (Constitution's fig'r's 75,300
Enhancement of 320 acres, at
$50 per acre 16 000
Total recepts for four years. . .$115,300
Deduct from th'"s expenses of $10,000
as above, omitting cost of land,) and
we have $105;000 profits in four years
on an investment of $30 000. Profits
from fruit that cannot be sold, and
should be canned, and from hogs raised
on "pie," are not included. Above esti
mate is for ordinary years. In 1894
there was a general failure in the peach
crop, and Texas peaches brought $5,
$7, and even $10 a bushel. Ic is a poor
tree that will n6t yeld a bushel of
peaches a year. At 20 feet apart, there
are 108 trees on an acre, or 32, 400 on 300
acres. Call it 30,000 and wo have 30,
000 bushel", at $5 per bushel, $150,000;
and there is a general failure in the
peach crop at least one year in every
three. A 600 acre orchard can be put
in for only $10,000 more, as the cost of
the land is included in the 300 acre esti
mate and the per cent, of profits be
enormously greater. But, if the profits,
are only one third es great as above
estimated, it is a splendid investment.
Respectfully,
R. L. Jennings.
s