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Largest Circula tion ofany Paper in the South At lantic States. THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, SEPTEMBER 10, 1895. 10. No. 3L - iaTIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ES AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. jjjnt-J. F. Willetts, Topeka, President-!! C. Snavely, Leb .fry-Treasurer-Gol. D. P. Dun Jlumbia, S. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. i n..M Q Ti Mann : Brandon, Virginia; L E. Dean, rg tails. iCr avj.., " I! '."Marion Butler, Raleigh, N. C. JUDICIARY. Southworth, Denver, Colo. Eeck, Alabama. ' Davie, Kentucky. CAROU5A FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE- i. tv Cvrus Thompson, ..presidcni 1 N. C. TIT a Uomaa etary-Treasurer " h' N Ct t n Wnover. Elm City. -urcr " ' card--Dr. V. N. SeaweU. Villa plain Itcv. i - por-Geo. T. Lane, Greens lantDoor -keeper-Jaa. E. Lyon, SatArms-A D.K.Wallace, jfqrltpn, i. v.. , e Business agcui ...-.. , L Business Agencv Fund -W. abam, Machpelan, N. G. "TVS COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH )U5A FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. F Hileman, oncord, N. C. ; N. glfeh, Trinity, N. C.; James M. erne, Ktcs on, N. C. AUJASCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. m tafcam. Gatesville, N. C; Dr. lLiL Whiteville, N. C. ; T. J. Ie, Acton, N. C. Carolina Reform Press Association. ctrs-J. L. Ramsey President ; m Butler, Vice-President ; W. b. es, Secretary, PAPERS. ive Fanner. SUte Organ, Raleigh, N. C. 1aiu Hickory, N. C. Wnit&kers, N. C. I ' Res.ver Dam, N. C. St Lumberton, N. C. S Vaper. Charlotte. N. C. UtiMile Concord, N. C. w- Hoy. Wadertoro. N. C. za. Watchman. oaiisbarj, c - :h of the above-named papers are lied to keep the list sianditig on -sf page and add others, provided re duly elected. Any paper fail .itd'Hxate the Ocala platform will jj;ped from the list promptly. Our t can, now see what papers art . ihed in their interest. CROP REPORTS. GIMCXJLTXJKE. nil pay, we think, to keep pota .nd apples for a late market, d the grain to hogs and cattle, and beef markets are promising. Id your grain if you can. When body is rushiDg grain into the et, it is no time to sell, man who is out of debt will live r than the man who is not. If Die try to outlive the mortgage, ange to winter the roots end ap n the very best manner. A little trouble and expense will preserve 'dollars' worth. e is worthy the attention of our ?rs and feeders. When it will it ia valuable especially for sheep, e West it would be better to try a email ec lie at first It is usually between the middle of June and riddle of July. 9 eaid that there is a plan in opera n ilionesota and the Dakotas to the wheat from market. Auy plan to be effective must ccntem a Ptrii-: system of selling We uold all the wheat that is grown, fve finally at 11 in a baphnzzard it w:U amount to nothing. wbethc-r pork, beef, poultry ouli i:ol be eaten when I a .r ' t1- u fchculd be ktpc eewral t j riv2n, a refrigerator being : tu a'-"iiiplish th ia in eutn ro.l-nn Ja, f roa,'on ti at drts ed beef ' i-''ne art r'o out of the mar k u it !;j r;pf..-Ged aud conge n-i-:ro tender tut. of - n :,ly sj much i.it&- i .rv'.Jsrd to ho O.im ' rnuc'i of ihe p iaturekuid ' -.'i ih f-r;iity kid itsgiase ucn i rich f ass it u-jed to r tr b-vo aho dis'ovtred ration to ttofrk that has pays beiter than it doea n ; hr- -'rs alone. The fatten- :j r, and a very email grain r-'i animals on erass makes an dill-rence. It is probable Ia Proportion to its nutritive vilue 1 13 a cheaper feed than grass, and 3 ration ia chiefly important U5Q it helps to secure better diges- i Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Washington, D C. In ord t to mike it an object for the best class of men to engage in making returns to the government of the crop yields of this country, Secretary Mor ton has re arranged the system of crop reporting. Formerly there was a State agent for each State whose salary ranged from $400 to $720 per year, and it is the Secretary's opinion that one man can gather tht s j statistics from two or three States, arranged and classi fied as districts, equally as well as he can from one State, and that by con densing the work in thfs way the de partment will be able to c ff er better compensation for the services per formed and at th) same time reduce the total expenditure. The present system of counting the reports will also be abolished and one substituted which provides for a corre spondent in every township and the two systems will be combined, or rather each will act a3 a check on the other. Some of th9 State agents will bo re tained, where the crop yields are suffi ciently large to require the attention of the agent to one S:ate alone. The country will be divided into 21 districts, 14 of which will be composed of groups of States atd seven will com prise single 8tates. The following is a list of the districts as they have been arranged, together with the names of the agents as recently appointed by Secretary Morton: New England Spates Prjf. A. L Perry, Massachusetts. New York atd Pennsylvania S. S. Neely, Pent syl van ia. New Jersey, Delaware and Mary landNathan Pratt, Dalaware. Virginia and West Virginia Prof. L. M. McByde, Virginia. North Carolina and South Carolina W. A. Withers, North Carolina. Georgia and Florida Ex Gov. W. J. Northen, Georgia. Alabama, Missisiippi and Louisiana James H. Lame, Alabama. Wisconsin and Minnesota L M. Fay, Wisconsin. Tennessee and Kentucky Cooper D. Schmidts, Tenneesie. California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho Ei win E Smith, California. Kansas and Missouri Harry O Gar vey, Kaneas. Colorado, Ut.h, Wyoming, AHzjna, Nevada and New Mexico Frank E Car8arphen Colorado. Michigan M. E. Marsh. Ohio L P. Stephens. Indiana Washington C. Dancan. Illinois Frank V. Dilatush. Iowa. S. R D-ivis. Texa3 Alien Blacker. Nebraska. Ex-G j v. Rbt. Furnas. The Secretary has not yet selected the agent for two districts, one com prising North and 8outh Dakota and Montana, and the other comprising Arkansas, Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. These will be announced later. As can be seen, the new plan makes this effice of district agent, average a salary of $1,000 per year, and it is be lieved this wiil insure belter reports, and will, at the same time be a saving to the government, in the aggregate, of about $10,000 annually. There were formerly 45 agents, and while the reduction to 21 displaces 23 men, still it increases the salary of these now employed, condenses the work, and lessens the expense to the government, and in the long run will no doubt prove a great improvement over the old system of State agents. TURNING UNDER GREEN CROPS Correal omlence of the Progressive Farmer. Prosperity, N. C. Having been r. q iested by Mr. A M Hauler, of Lexington, N. C, to give my vi on the above subj- c. through your column?, I request a brief space for so.id purpose. Turning under gree u erop will be productive of much benefit or injury X) the land, oiug mainly to the time and manner in which it is done. The authorities appear to be united on the subject that a, green crop, be it clover, peas, weed?, or wbat not, ebould be ripe when turned. If turned too green taey sour the land, especially if the weather be warm, requiring water slacked lime at the rate of about 30 bushels per acre to correct it. Hence it follows that if the lime be not ap plied, an injury will be done the land so treated. To make the matter plainer, I will cite a few cases : Jerome Person, an I excellent farmer living near Carthage, N. C, says that a few years ago he I liy 11 Hi naivi. KJX? I G- o 1 cL lo -tjl c3 o jool , Is the title of a series of articles which commenced in 'ZTakie xogrressi-e farmer Last week. These articles fare written by Ed itor J. L. Ramsey, who is now travelling through the NORTH AND EAST studying the financial question. If you want the benefit of JVlr. Ramsey's observations sub scribe for The Progressive Parmer and back numbers will be sent you. In clubs of five we will send the paper four months for only twenty cents. Head our offer on another page. turned under the weeds on a portion of a field while green. The residue of the field was not turned until toward fall, the weed3 being ripe and hard like sticks. About this time one of the neighbors came along and said to him 'you will not make wheat here, you are too late about turning the weeds." But Mr. Person says that he could tell to the very row where the weeds were last turned, the wheat being much bet ter, although the land first turned was richer than the last. S the story of his neighbor was not correct, and many farmers are doubtless to day inj mng, instead of improving, their land by following similar erroneous ideas. Green crops, properly matured and turned, return to the soil far more than is taken from it, and it is owing to this fact; that farmers should in the future rel on turning green crops to enrich their lands. As an illustration, I cite the following: Two brothers out West opened up farms on lands that their first crop of corn would not average 8 bushels per acre; next spring they soedto oats aad clover, and when the first crop of clover had about half of its heads ripe they plow d under and put the land in wheat; and ever after they raised a crop on a sod, being the first crop of clover turned under, and in twenty years this land was good for 60 bushels of corn per acre. If about 300 pounds each of acid phosphate and kainit per acre had been applied to the first crop and turned under, the land could have been en riched much sooner. It has been sev eral times set forth, but will bear re peating, why it is that turning green crops increases the fertility so amazing ly : During the period of decompesitk n the oxygen of the air, or of rain water, combines with the carbon in the de caying plants and forms carbonic acid gap, which has great fertilizing prop erties The furrows should be run as nearly level as the land will admit of to prevent the escape of the gas, it be ing heavier than common air. Bryan Tyson A Louisiana subscriber who has lived South two or three years, writes that he is getting rich feeding hogs. There is plenty of room for pork pro duction in the S uth CRIMSON CLOVER. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Grand Rapids, Mich. Crimson clover was introduced in this c juntry several years ago by the late Dr. Hardia. Being a great lover of flowers, he was attracted to this plant by its groat beauty, which is hardly excelled by the finest fl wer that adorns yard or garden. The beau tif al deep green, which may be seen all winter, grows deeper aod brighter as spring advances until May, when the Augers appear, making a sight to be hold, and remember. At first its value as a forage plant was not understood, and aaas il restorer was unsnown, and the progress of the plant at first wag rather slow. Esrery one admired it3 great beauty, and numerous plats were grown for ornamental purposes, but years elapsed before farmers awoke t ) its value as a regular rotation crop It has now passed the experimental point and large fields of crimson clover are grown it all parts of the land. It is good for hay, which it yields 2 to 3 toes per acre of the finest quality; is valuable, for seed, which it produces in large quantity ; ia good for fall and early spring pasture, and the only clover that remains green all through the winter, and its greatest value is in its ability to store up plant food, and at the same time send down deep fet ding roots in the subsoil and bring to the surface elements of fertility that would be otherwise lost. Crimson clover is an annual, and mus be sown in it? proper season ; this extends from the firstof August until the last of October; 8 to 10 quarts of seed are required to sow an acre. If any of the readers of The Progressive Farmer would like to test a sample of crimson clover seed, I will send a package by mail for a couple of t- tamps for postage. L. Staples. . THE ENSILAGE CROP. How to Handle the Crop Disttibuting Device The Best Coverng, For success it is necessary to have quite a good crop, preferably corn cut at the right time, and a tight silo. When practicable have the eneilage grown as near the silo as pcsuble, so as to reduce the hauling to a minimum. We will suppose that the crop is grown on iaht. within 50 rods of the silo, and that the corn has reached the stage when the hu&ks begin to turn yellow and the grain is dented, while most of the leaves are yet green and juicy. When this stage is reached, the crop should be cut The cutting may be done by hand, but it is slow, laborious and costly. There are a multitude of corn cutters on the market, all of which are more or less serviceable. Of a number that have been tried at the Kansas station nothing better has been found than a sled cutter with two knives hinged, one to each side of the sled, so as to cut two rows at a time. This machine U pulled by one hors Two stout boys or young men stand upon the s'ed, each facing a row of corn, which as the horse moves for ward, is cut c ff and gathered into the arms of the operators, who drop it in bunches behind them. The reins can hang within easy reach upon an up right forked stick in front of the sled, but the horse will soon learn to start and stop without guidance from the reins. In a fair crop two hands on this cutter can easily keep ahead of three wagons hauling it to the silo and help load at intervals. The next step is the loading. Fjt this purpose the wagons should be pro vided with low, broad racks, on which the corn is piled cross ways. Two men can hand the bunches left by the cutter up to the driver on the rack about as fast as he can pile them. The number of teams engaged in hauling should bo adjusted to the distance and the capacity of the bes lage cutter. Fr the distanc3 named and with a small machine it takes two teams and three wagons to keep things running smooth ly. One wagon is left at the cutter to be unloaded, the team being at once hiJched to the wagon just emptied and goea afi:ld again, while the third wagon will have finished loading by the time the team returns to the field. At the cutter it takes one man to un load and one man to feed. The man who unloads drops it handy for the feeder upon the table get against the cutter. Reference is here made to a small machine such as average farmers req'iire. Such a cutter, with average steady running, can cut about two tons of green corn an hour. It is provided with an elevator attachment, which lifts the cut material over the silo walls. It may be run by steam, electricity or horsepower. The whole force neces sary then, is two men to cut, two to load, two to drive, one to unload and J one to feed. If green and juicy, the weight of the ensilage is so very great that it will firm itself about as well without tramping, but some device is necessary to distribute it well in the Silo. A 8ack filfd xxritVt VafF aforr " XUUU. Ot'iOTY or a similar light bulky material should be hung so that the stream of eilage from the elevator is dischartmd nr.. it. This will scatter it to the sides of the silo instead of dumping it in a heap in the middle. It is not necessary to salt the silage. Lastly, it is poor economy to uee a silo that is not tight. Whenever the air gains access to the walls the silage will spoil. When the silo is full, a layor of green grass is the best cover iog, and to compact this layer it is well to put a few loads of earth on top. This is the plan that has been adopted with success at the Kansas station and re ported to the Prairie Farmer. As it is of general interest it is here repro duced for the benefit of readers in many sections of the country. WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BULLETIN For the Week Ending Monday, Aug 31, 1895. Central Office, Raleigh, N. C. The reports of correspondents of the Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued by the North Carolina State Weather Service, for the week ending Saturday, Aug. 31 , 1895, indicate another very favorable week. The temperature was above normal the entire week, averag ing about five degrees above per day In the Central District the maximum temperature reached 93 degrees, which is as high as has before occurred in the last decade in August. There wasabund ant sunshine. The rainfall was below normal, but showers occurred at vari ous places from the 27th to 31at. Cot ton has improved, is opening now in several counties, and picking will begin the first week of September. Tobacco cures are bright. Pea vines are mak ing heavy growth. Fodder pulling, preparation of land for wheat and eow ing oats have progressed favorably. Eastern District. Nearly all corre spondents from thi3 district report the weather to have been very favorable during the""we?k. The temperature was high ; there wa - plenty of eunehine ; ihere were good showers nearly every where oa the 27th and 30th. Sjme light hail occurred, but no dam3ge is report d Saving fodder was probably the chief work of the week, and the weather was as favorable for this as could have been wished. The week was a fine one for cotton, and the crop has steadily improved; cotton is open ing in some places. Tobacco growers have been q iite successful with their cures. Peanuts have needed more rain and have suffered some on ac count of the rather dry weather. Central District. A very warm, gen erally favorable week, except at a very few scattered localities where it was either too wet or too dry. In the north ern portion it has been too dry for turnips and for second crop of Irish potatoes and late gardens. In general, the week was very favorable for saving fodder, which is nearly over in the south, and for plowing and seeding oats. Tobacco maturing on the hills and curings are bright. Peavines making large growth of foliage. Cotton is now opening in several coun ties and picking will begin first week of September. Western District The week was warm, with occasional showers. Heavy rains occurred at a few places. In Yancey county a severe storm of wind, rain and hail occurred first of the week, pro strating many trees and doing con siderable damage. Cotton is reported to be improving ; the weather has been seasonable for this crop. Peas and turnips are doing well. Fodder-pulling is going on pretty generally. Land is being broken and prepared for wheat. The early corn crop i3 now generally considered safe, except in places liible to overflow from streams. Dissolve the copper sulphate in the watsr, when it is rexady for use. This should never be applied to foliage, but must be used before the buds break. F or peaches and Eectarines use 25 gal lons of water for fungous diseases. Paris Green. Paris green, one pound; water, 250 gallons. If this mixture is to be used upon peach trees, one pound quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will injure most foliage unless lime is added. Paris green and Bordeaux cn be applied to gether with perfect safety. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris green loses all caustic properties. For insects which chew. London Purple. This is used in the same proportion as Paris green, but as it is more caustic it should be applied with the lime or with the Bordeaux mixture. Do not use it on peach or plum trees. For insects which chew. Hellebore. Fresh white hellebore, one ounce ; water, three gallon s Apply when thoroughly mixed. For insects, which chew. Kerosene Emuleion. Hard 6oap, one half pound ; boiling water, one gallon ; kerosene, two gallons. Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and churn with a pump for five or 10 minutes. Dilute 10 or 15 tim-s before applying. For insects which suck, cabbage worms, and all insects which have soft bodies. Bordeaux Mixture -Copper sulphate, six pound?; quicklime, four pounds; water, forty gallon s Dissolve the cop per sulphate by putting it in a bag of coarse cloth and hanging th s in a ves sel holding at least-, four gallons, so that it is just covered by water. Use an earthen or wooden vessel. Slack the lime in an equal amount of water. Then mix the two and add enough water to make 40 gallons. Ir. is then ready for immediate use. For rots, moulds, mildews and ail fungous d s eases. INSECT TRAPS. Having found out an easy method ia which to trap insects, I wish to teach others. Ic is easily done by suspending in the garden wide-mouthed bottles or jars, half filled with thin mol'cS3es or very aweM water. TJisvo tted the HORTICULTUEE INSECTICIDES. If the reader would cut out these re cipes for the preparation of insecticides he would find thfm of great utility: Ammoniacal Copper Carbinate. Copper carbonate, one ounce; am monia, enough to dissolve the copper ; water, six gallons. The copper car Donate is best dissolved ia large bot tles where it will keep indefinately, and it should be diluted with water as required. For same purpose as Bor deaux. Copper Sulphate Solution. Copper sulphate, one pound ; water, 15 gallons. efficacy or the ineect trap, and have -found it all that can be desired for trapping the butterflies, moths, millers and beetles of every species of insects that infect fruit trees and vines, vege tables and flowers. The worms on grape vines, worms on tobacco, cn to matoes and Irish potatoes, can readily be trapped in this way. Eery fruit tree, every evergreen and deciduous tree, every berry bush and fruit bear ing vine, and every vegetable cultivate d in the garden is attacked by a species of noxious insect which fl jurish only where their appropriate species of trees or fruit is cultivated ; and strange to say, every one of these foes spring from parent insacts in the form of but terflies, moth, millers, beetles or bugs,. every specus of which will hazard life for the sake of getting a taste of the contents of the bottle. You will re idily find that in this way the ir s ct ravage ers can be most successfully fought. E J. Riyburn, Coffeoviile, Miss. A WORD ABOUT ONION SETS The seed is sown early in the sim mer, either broadcast or in rows, and so thick that the onions have no room to grow large. Gather the little bulbs in the fall, leaving the cuter husk un disturbed, and keep in a dry place. A woman who was particularly success ful in raising onion sets for market always kept them where they froz9 in the winter, bu under no consideration would she allow them to be disturbed until thiwed out lest it should set them to rotting. I dare say freezing was no advantage, but t-tate this to show that under the restrictions indicated it was seemingly not a disadvantage. When the weather became warm s e rubbed off the loose, dry outer covericg, and her onion sts were bright end ready for market. Taere are two other ways of growing onions save direct from seed. The po tato onion grows in clusters under ground. Tfcesa little bulbs are pjanted in spring to produce large om'or s ;thelarge onions are planted the next spring and form the clusters. The top onion, Egyptian or peniil tree onion.produces, instead of ordinary seed, clusters of little onions on top of the stem These may be planted in spring like onion Sfp The old root is a perennial, end besides increasing by top omona, also S out new bulbiets at the root. A hed of this species once established wl'1 remain year after year, furnishing onions for the table earlier than any other kind. Bessie L. Putnam, in Epitomi8t:. 1 " " " " n 1
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 10, 1895, edition 1
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