North Carolina Newspapers

T77. Largest Circula Vour Ad--tisement in ch Soil. tion of any Papes in the South A- THE INDUSTRIAL AND ivVCAr:', HvrJSRESTS OF OUB PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, OCTOBER"!, 1895. ol 10. No. 3 w - - - - -T -JL-TM-H aOi-Ue- i.ntic St.tw r 1 ;g NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. re -iient J. F. Willetts, Topeka, c riijo President H. C. Snavely, Leb )"! Ia r-v e retary-Troasurer Col. D. P. Dun i. ( olumbia, 8. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. i lu Loucks, Huron, 8. D. ; Mann : ro. Brandon, Virginia;!. E. Dean, r t ove Falls, New York; i. U. uem Secretary. Harrisburg, Pennsyl , ain; Marion Butler, Raleigh, N. C. JUDICIARY. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo. I. W. Beck, Alabama. i. D. Davie, Kentucky. JTH CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TATE ALLI ANCE. :reflidflnt Dr., Cy rua Thom pson, . ;hlands, 4 C v'iee-President Jno. Graham, Ridge y, N.C. , re tary -Treasurer W. 8. Barnes, . leigh, N. C. cturer J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, q Steward D-. V. N. Sea well, Villa 3hapiain Rev. P. H. Maesey, Dur m, N. C. joor keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens- ro, N. C , r Assistant Door keeper Ja. K. Lyon, lrham, N. C. ' t1 Sergeant -at Arms A D. K. Wallace, .ltbcrfcr-iton, N. C. State Business Agent T. Ivey, -Cal- frustee Business Agency Fund W. Graham, Macbpelah, N. C. EOTJTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH KECIJ5A FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. Y Hileman, oncord, N. C. ; N. Eoglirh. Triuity, N. C; James M. e-vborne, Kids on, N. C. ATS ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Graham. Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. h Karrell, Whiteville, N. C. ; T. J. indler, Acton, N. C. itia Carolina Reform Press Association. Ulcers J. L. Ramsey, President; areon Butler, Vice-President ; W. S. imes, Secretary, PAPERS. gresslve Fanner, State Organ, Raleigh, N. C ,ucLb;&a. RAleikh, Is. O. .a . fy t Hickory, N. C. 'ttir, Whltakers, N. C. r Home. Beaver Dam. N. C. x Populist, Lnmberton, N. C e Ieopte's P4er. Charlotte, N. C e Vestibule, Coooord, N. C. e Piow-Boy W ftdesboro, N. C. rolina WatcLirwm. tSa ibory, N. C 2tn.cn of trie above-named papers are yuested to keep the list standing on i Zrst page and add others, provided iy are duly elected. Any paper fail g to advocate the, Ocala platform will dropped from the list promptly. Our role can now see what papers are jilUh-ed in their interest. iv-xRICULTUBE. Fortunate is the farmer who has a ndrod roda of fence that can be sily m ved and s.et up again. With . is he can eecure the pasturage of my pieces of grass or clover that ju'I otherwise go to waste. It is ich cheaper to have some moveable icu to put where it is needed than to Sy on permanent fences, which so ten harbor weeds by the impcsubil- of cultivating where they stand. Comparatively few people prune to Uo vines, mainly because it is too uchtr mole. T.ie crop seldom sells r hih prices, and to put much labor . it, let-sms the chance for profit mo recent experiments show that e pruning is not a benefit, but rather injury. It lessens the crop and ii3t make it earlier, as is claimed. ie tomato needa all the leaves it has prfeci its fruit. When it is injured 1 itato beetle larva the fruit is watery d iuferior. Farmers who grow turnip3, beets, rrota and other roots generally wait ; il the whole crop is harvested be re beginning to market it. In this ty they lose, for the price ia then vvaya lowest. There is a better mar t for these roots early in the season, d the roots are then mucl sweeter d tenderer than later. Of course ere will be some loss of growth in the rlion marketed early, but if the roots o thinned as gathered, and only the innings 6o!d, there will be a Wger wth of what is left a no account should wheat be sown Ml cool weather has come. ISotonly - the het sTan fly attack wheat which !p before the first frost, but its th isnotoE the right kind to in - a good harvest. Tne wheat plant .'iid have a spreading habit. This it u have if sown about the time frost 2 .3. but by which time also rains ii begin to fall. The3e will beat down wheat leaves, and by covering tn with soil will check their growth, ia iu this way that the spreading )wth which is always desired in eat is obtained. When the soil is ' and hot and dry, the wheat root ikes downward in search of mois- e. Its top also spires upward and plant is easily winter killed i i SMART ON FARMING. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Chapter I Ledge Hill N. C. Perhaps it will not be out of place, in the beginning, for rhe to state to the public who I am. and what I pr. pose to write about. I am Col. Alexander Smart, proprietor, general manager and tenant of Ledge Hill Farm aLd Experiment Stion. You will learn more about me hereafter. Being, as I am, a man with a vast amount of prac tical and theoretical knowledge of farming in all its phases, I have been engaged by The Progressive Farmer to give its readers the benefit of my unlimited knowledge. I propose to fully discuss the differ ent branches of agriculture, including horticulture, stock raising, dairying and the poultry business. I will say just here that my wife, Kathrine Smart, manages the poultry depart ment at Ldge Hill. Also I propose to show the relation which farming and the farmer sustains to law and law making; or, in other word;?, what lar and law making does or don e do tor the farmer. Ana I might siy also that I am well informed on questions of political economy, and if there is anything along this line that I don't know, my wife Katharine does Therefore, Mr. Editor, your readers will have no reason to want informa tion on the political questions of the day, for in the ensuingletters I propose to turn on the light, so that he "who runs may read " I suppose, Mr. Editor, that every body in the State reads The Progres sive Farmer, and if there is a man who don't read it, that man, in all probability will eat his last bread in this world at the State's expense. Tnen beside all these things, we are alwaj s making eome new experiment here at Ledge Hill, which experiment is usually attended with soma result, and these results will also be given to the readers of The Progressive Far mer at the same price you have been paying for the paper. Very truly. C. A. S. it is said that Australia bids fair to become the leading agricultural coun try of the world. We think that if the financial assassins of our industries and prosperity cont nue in their mur derous infamy, Australia or almost any other country will be able easily enough to make this a eecond, third or fourth cits nation in every respect. FARMERS' ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD. French agriculturists have the larg est agricultural society in any country, and they have their syndicates of agri culture in every province of France, and when the government is asked for protection to agriculture the request is granted promptly. Germany has the Agrarian League composed of a quar ter of a million farmers, increasing at the rate of 10,000 a year. This league sent a delegation to his excellency, the Emperor, who received them cordially and encouraged their plans for relief and improvement. England has a National Agricultural Union of several thousand members that is courted by both political parties before tha elections, and then they are turned over to red tape, and the min ister of agriculture hears their griev ances and reports all manner of re stricts like our own Secretary of Agri culture, who has a contempt for farm ers' clubs, granges and alliances. United voting could control the des tinies of this country and mould lrgis lation to proper recognition of agricul ture American Agriculturist. STORING POTATOES. O.ie of the most essential points, writ s Eiwin Taylor, about potato cul ture is t) know how to preserve the crop whei you have raised it. This is the more imp jrtant with regard to the seed potatoes, which have to be kept from sprouting for a long period. If buried, potatoes must be covered lightly at first, so as to permit of ven tilation, and the covering added from time to time, but only enough to pro tect the tubers from the frost. This, in my experience, is the most unsatisfac tory way of storing potatoes. The next worst way is a cellar under a building. The trouble with a cellar is to give it air enough and keep it cool enough. The most satisfactory and cheapest way that I know of is to store in a dug-out, making the roof of earth over poles and brush. In very wet weather such a roof will leak, unless covered with boards, corn stalks, straw or other covering. The best location is a slope or ban facing the south. By leaving an alley through the center of a dug out, with plenty of large ventilation shafts through the roof, a brisk circu lation will b9 kept up whenever the end door is opened particularly where the door opens on the level, as it will do if the building is dug on the side c a bank. The dugout should be built with a bin each side of a central alley. The bottoms of the bins should be raised six inches, from the ground and the sides of the bins should be clear of can tact with the walls,; whether stone or dirt. Both bottoms and sides are best made of fence boards, with inch spaces between. Such a building, carefully managed as to ventilation, opened up on frossy nights and kept closed during the warm days of fall and early winter, will take E irly Ohio potatoes through to spring without a sprout. E irly R )se, Beauty of Hebron and other such vari eties may requre turning over once. RYE FOR FALL AND SPRING PAS TURE. If any of our readers anticipate a shortage of late fall and early spring pasture, it would be well for them to cansider the possibilities of rye as a substitute for tame grasses. When breaking up our farm3 fifteen years ago, preparatory to seeding them so tame grasses we made large use of rye, sowing it in August and September, pasturing it late in the fall and early in the spring and some times turning off in time to get half or two-thirds of a crop of grain. We do not favor the growth of rye aa a crop in itself, be lieving that either wheat or barley will yield more money 's worth, but when sown as a pasture and as a nurse crop, ao called, for the tame grasses, as well as a grain crop, we believe it will pay any man who ia short of grass to sow rye for pasture. In sowing rye for this purprs we would plow the ground as soon as pos sible after harvest and harrow down this land as fast as it was plowed. This will settle it, prepare a better S3ed bed, and conserve moistur We would hue conditions are lav ox able for growth; usually about the first of September, and if we intended the land for pasture would sow a peck of timothy seed at the same time. If the season be favorable this will afford a good deal of pasture in the fall for any kind of stock as well as for horses and sheep in winter. Our lambs last winter had a picnic on the Turkish wheat that grew up in the stubble and it answered the same purpose as rye. It will afford a good deal of pasture in the spring and can be cut for grain or not, as circumstances warrant. Eight or ten pounds of clover seed should bo sown in the spring either on the frozan ground, or if the season be dry, as soon as the frost is out, and covered with a smoothing harrow. Not the least advantage of this method is that it renders a stand practically sure. Indiana Farmer. CAUSE AND CURE OF EARLY BLIGHT ON POTATOES. What is the cause of the blight which strikes potatoes early in the season, when the tubers are the size of wal nuts? The tops look as if fire had passed over them and soon dry away. What is the reason I have it and my neighbors do not? Is it safe to use seed grown on such apiece; that is, will tubers whose tops have been blighted, produce blight the next season if planted? Ycu can tafely recommend Maggie Murphy as proof against this kind of blight. Out of seven varieties planted this season, it was the only one that produced market tubers; they were all planted early. C. C Weld. The blight referred to is probably what is known as "early blight," due to the fungus Macrosporium Solani. The fungus pas3es the winter on the ground and on the refuse of the blighted crop, whecc9 the spores are readily cirried by the wind in the spring to the young vines. The tubers them selves are not attacked by the fungus, therefore if they attain sufficient size before their further growth is checked by tae blighting of the top?, they may safely be used for seed the next year. By cleaning up and safely burning the refuse of the blighted tops, and by spraying in spring and early summer with Bordeaux mixture, this blight can be readily controlled. Wm C. Sturgia in American Agriculturist. Some one recommended soaking seed potatoes in a weak solution of cor rosive sublimate to prevent scab. A correspondent of the American Culti vator tried it and says it is no good. WEATHER XROP BUL LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, Sept 21, , l89S. Central Office, Raleigh, N. C. : -The reports of correspondents of the Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued by the North Carolina State Weather Service, for the week ending Saturday, Sept. 21, 1895, are very unfavorable. The first two days were cool, with a few scattered showers, but the last five days were characterized by extreme heat; unusual dryness, and excessive glaring suDshine. It has unquestion ably been the most abnormal week on record for Saptember. The maximum temperature varied from 90 in the mountain section to 100 in the east, and for five days the mean tempera ture averaged 15 degrees per day above normal. Serious drought prevails, the deficiency in precipitation 6ince Sep ternbir 1st being over 2.50 inches. All growing crops are suffering ; cotton is opening prematurely and fail plowing and seeding are impossible. A decided fall in temperature will set in onTusday and the coming week will be much cooler, with light showers during the middle portion Although the fall will be only to the normal, or slightly below, it will appear decided by contrast with the excessive heat of this week. Eastern District The first two days of the week were cool, but the tem perature rose during the following five days to a very unusual point for Sep tember. There was no rain during the week. Cotton is reported to have suf f ered from the dry, hot weather ; it is opening very rapidly and prematurely ; young bolls are falling off in some places. It was too dry for all growing crops, such as turnips, potatoes, peas, etc. Rice is needing rain. Tne har vesting of rice is in progress, with fine yield. The weather has been very gocd for finishing fodder pulling in the north and for cu sting hay. Peas are being picked. New cotton coming into market. Central District The first two days of tjie w"1" 1 J- " terd light showers fell, but since Tues day the weather has been extremely hot and dry, and drought is seriously affecting everything. Turnips and po tatoes are needing rain badly, and some very late corn will be cut short. To bocco is about housed ; cures are gen erally bright, but some correspondents say light and papery. Coiton is being much damaged by the drought and in tense heat; top blossoms are falling off, and ic is opening too rapidly. The crop is being picked out and gins are start ing up; crop about twelve days late. The weather has been excellent for fodder pulling and making pea-vine hay, but no plowing could ba done, as the ground is too hard and dry. Streams are extremely low. Western District. Tne week opened cool with a few light showers, but the last portion was very hot and dry, and the drought is seriously injuring grow ing crops and delaying fall plowiDgand planting. Some oats sown in August are perishing. Corn in general is a fine crop, but some late corn is cut short by drought. Tae cotton crop has already been much damaged by drought. It is opening too fast. The late crop has not sufficient moisture to develop the bolls, hence it is feared seeds will not be well enough matured to grow, except from crop first opened. Fodder and hay are nearly all made in eastern counties, but still in full blast in the west. Sweet potatoes, turnips and celery are being much injured by dry weather. No fall plowing or seed ing can be done. Rain is very badly needed HLQRTXCXJX,TXJBJB HORTICULTURAL HINTS. Tne geranium is common, but it is too beautiful to be discarded. Can the quince ba propagated from cuttings? we are asked. Yes. It is claimed that the smaller celery is best, more delicious in flavor. It is recommended to put bu bs into the ground in "September and Octobir. It is said that sage, when following early vegetables, is a profitable market crop. Somebody says that we need more sweet apples. That would suit our in dividual palate. There is a short sup ply of sweet apples. It is predicted that co operative cold storage for preserving fruit will yet be generally adopted. It is practical for the fruit growers of a locality to build a cold storage house and operate it. So prone are sweet Williams to die WEEKLY off with neck rot in summer, says Vick, that it is well to plant them in a bad or corner by themselves where they can get special attention. Indeed, the safest way is to sow the seed thinly in rows or hills where you wish to have the plants grow and bloom, and thin put the seedlings. They keep healthier in this way, A gentleman informed a writer that he has an uncle who has conquered the potato scab by sowing one and one half bushels of coarse salt to the acre and harrowing it in. Common sale is chlo ride of sodium. It tay be that the elements of salt are exhausted by long cultivation and can be restored by an application of this sub tance. The ex periment is worthy of trial, costs but little and promises b3tter than dab bling with the se.ed. After sound fruit of the right varie ties is obtained, the essentials for pres ervation are a temperature only a few degrees above the freezing point, even and not subject to change, with pure air, not too dry. These conditions are to be had rarely outside of a house built for the purpose. And one thing especially to be kept in mind: Fruits will not keep long in good condition after having been in such a room any considerable length of time. THE APPLE AS A TIMBER TREE. In some sections of this country the apple tree is looked on for its product as a piece of timber a3 well as a fruit producing article. For this reason the old German fruit growers in the vicin ity of Philadelphia always aimed to get a nice straight trunk to an apple tree, and trim it up comparatively high before allowing it to form a head Moderns have supposed that the chief object to be gained by this method of training was in order to facilitate plow ing operations, but the ultimate end in having a good trunk for timber pur poses was not forgotten. In this par ticular region the wood was used chiefly for shoemakers' itst4 a bueiness which, in the earlier history of Phil delphia, did much to' hel "rade of that fHmn. iuiacitunng e nter Of population. The apple regions have mostly disappeared from that vicinity -t but other sections of the country seem to understand the value of apple tree wood. It is stated in the Country Gen tleman that a fruit grower of Cayuga sold to a well-known firm of saw mak ers of Philadelphia Disston & Sons the trunks of some of their trees, which were cut away because the trees had grown too closely together, to the value of $500. In this C&S3 the wood was, of cours3, used for the handles of saws. A FLORID AMAN DOES THE RIGHT THING. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. I see in your last is me you off ir your valuable paper to silver clubs four months for 20 cents. I helped to or ganiz3 one last Friday and succeeded in getting you eleven subscribers, for which you find enclosed $2 20. I am only too glad to get your literature be fore the people, and am in'.hopt s with it and other reform papers that the day is not far d stant when we can all boast once more of our sweet land of liberty. Now. if it is not asking too much of you please send me some extra copies, so I can take them with me on the first Friday in each month. R s assured I will get you every subscriber I can. I would be more than glad to have a few copies of your last issue. I think Henry's adieu to the Democratic party is noble and grand. Everybody ought to read it. P. B. Blount, Live Oak, Fia. A REFORM CLUB. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Young -men of North Carolina, the time has come for us to organize our selves into a Reform Club. I have re ceived many commendations of my suggestion for the need of such clubs, and as I feel assured that our young men will enter heartily into their work, I have determined that we shall have them. I now call upon every young man in the State who is in sympathy with the reform movement to meet in Raleigh on Friday, October 25th, and help organiza a State Reform Club. We'll have to adopt a Constitution and By Laws, elect officers and effect a general organization, and we need a erood renresentation present. The rail- o mr roads are charging low rates to the State Fair, and there is no excuse for every live young Reformer in the State not being there. You will call at The Caucasian office and learn of the place of meeting, etc. Very truly, G. Ed. Kestleb, Concord, N. C. 1 ,. MODEL CITIES. Glasgow Owns Its Gas Works and Street Cars. f Glasgow is the model municipality of the world, and the American Land : Register thinks we may all prcflt by its " experience and -example. The city Council, which is the governing b dy, recognizes three duties as being laid upon it: To futail their trusts by eco nomtcal administration of the city's finances-, to improve public health, b th physical and moral, and to give brightness and the possibility of hap piness to civil life. This high concep tion of the duty of a corporation has not been carried out in full, but no bne will deny that a very satisfactory and successful attempt has been established The City Council undertakes to supply the demand for water, gas, electric lighting, parks, public baths, ware houses and street railways, street cleaning, building,, police protection and various minor serviet s. The water supply is obtained from Loch Katrine, thirty-five mils distant,, and is copious and pure. There is no better water furnished any city in the world, and Dublin is the only city that gets it cheaper. Tnere have been nearly 12,500.000 invested in water works In 1870 a sinking fund was es tablished, through the medium of which nearly 750,000 have been paid off up to the present time, and it is ex- pected that the sinking fund will pay off the whole debt by 1941, when the waterworks will be the unburdened1 property of the corporation In the meanwhilethe s apply of water he s been, enormously increased, the quality im proved and the price reduced 50 per cent. In addition to the supply of water for the usual purposes it is now proposed to drive machinery by a hy draulic pressure of 1,000 pounds to the square inch throughout the business, area of the city. The G asgow corporation has long been in the field as th mauuracturer of gas. T- i0y is took possession of: tne gas plants, which were owned by two private companies and commenced4 the production and sale of gas, The quality of ga was improved while ifca. price was reduced. The city furnishes 22 candle power gas at the rate of sixty cents per 1 000 cubic feet. Toe street railways of Glasgow, up to June 30r 1894, were operated by a private com -pany. Six years ago the Council en -deavored to impose certain conditions on this c )mpany such as regulating the fare and limiting the hours of work for the employ eep. Tne company refused to make any concessions, and as a result of their unwillingness to act in a fair and gen erous manner to war J the public and the laboring classes, the Council de cided not to renew their charter, but", to take possession of the street railway property itself and operate it. It put on 300 new cars, 3.C00 horses and 1,700 new men. The city introduced a one cent, fare, hitherto unknown, and.;, made 4 cents the maximum fare. The. experiment of operating street railways by the city has proved a succe-8. The- city has made money and at the same time has improved the plant and re duced the fares. It now carries 300, 000 a week for 1 cent fares. 600,000 for 2 cent fares, 95,000 for 3 cent fares and? 20.000 for 4 cent fares. The next sterx wdl be to abolish all fares above 2, cents. The distinguishable feature of Gfas gow's financial management is the sinking fund. It U now applied to ev ery municipal enterprise cf the city;. On examining it accounts one finds thit all serious debts are on the way to be liquidatad oy tte automatic opera' tion of this device. Toe present finan cial condition of Glasgow seems ex tremely satisfactory. The liabilities, are 8 000,000 and the asset $10,000,000;. with a clear balance of 2 500,000 on the right side of the account. The ability, the honesty and the economy which have been brought to -bear in the administration of the pub lic affairs of Glasgow have been secured by the elimination of politics The Council is composed of solid business men. Politics are practically unknown nx the meetings of the Council, nor is ek quent speech in great demand them The success of Glasgow in municipal government has been achieved by the rigid exclusion of polities from the city and by entrusting the administration, of the city to trained, capable and bop est business men. There is no city is the world so well governed cs Glasgow and none whose affaire are conducted so thoroughly in keeping with the prin ciple that public officials of the city aro trt Ka rA?&rded as the directors of a ereat co operative undertaking in iLhinh every citizen is a shareholder - onf the dividends of which ere payable- in the better health, increased comfort . recreation and happiness of the whole population.