Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Oct. 22, 1895, edition 1 / Page 1
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1 Largest Circula tion of any Paper in the South At lantic States. j,t Your Ad tisement in Soil. THE INDUSTBIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, OCTOBER 22, 1895. pol. 10. No. 37 T MEIER IB NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. resident J. F. Willetts, Topeka, fi'ce-President H. C. Snavely, Leb jec'ratary-Trer-surer Col. D. P. Dun a, Columbia, 8. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. 4 L. Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann n J TTi iir . T C Tkoan ceoye Falls, New York; ti. U. Dem , Secretary, Harrisburg, Pennsyl i; Marion Butler. Raleigh, N. C. nop ma JUDICIARY. I. A. Bouthworth, Denver, Colo. ? W T?wV Alabama. r t TV - TTrt4-,,ylrrf 2171 CAROLINA FARMERS" STATE ALU- ANCE. rosident D Cyrus Thompson, jhlanda, . C. ice-President Jno. Graham,Ridge y, N. C. kicretary-Treasurer W. 8. Barnes, liccturer J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, Sard-Dr. V. N. SeaweU, Villa Chaplain Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur Sorkeeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens- "0 N C isaiatantDoor keeper Jaa. E. Lyon, rham, N. C. ergeant-at-Arms A D. K. Wallace, therfcrotton, N. C. tate Business Agent T. Ivey, rtal- . h. N. C. . Vustee business Agency r uuu . Graham, Machpelah, N. C. .it. sisnrrrvw. n TTT1C NORTH 1 . . TJl J TIT ' A Ull" w i.R0U5 FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. F. Hilemon, Uncord, N. C. ; N. Fnvh-.h Trmitv. N. C. ; James M. "'wborne, Kins on, N. C TK ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. ohn Graham, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. : Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; T. J. . idler. Acton. N. C "r--- ih Carolina Reform Press Association. fersJ. L. Ramsey y President; "Sin Rutler. Vice-President; W. S. -Ties, Secretary , PAPERS. i ik c- . . r D.U(h XT f" cas-iaa. Raleijih, N. C. . .jy. Hickory, IN. U. t Jer, Whitakers, N. C. Home. Beaver Dam, N. C. Populist, Lumberton, N. C. People's Paper. Charlotte. N. C. PIcv-Bojr Wadesboro, N. C. )lin a Watchman. Sa isbnry. Is. C. ach of the above-named papers are tested to keep the list standing on first rtnnf. nnA nAi nt.he.rsi 7irfYtnipd : j are duly elected. Any paper fail : to advocate the Ocala platform will trozsped from the list promptly. Our l S Z.f ' J . r M. w t a I Ik 1 MM t MJ M. M. i JM S. A mp. , 1 J ILI T. v GrTTCTJLTTJ"RE. atber up and store away all imple lts and tools not in use, first scrap ( tT nil rlirf. finrl yivA t.hft RtPP.l and " "t thft iter they can be repaired and painted 'et a neighborhood of farmers burn r their wheat stnbble in such sea- . r 7 - ' 35 troublesome. Then sow some ckly growing crop, and plow under he fall. One field not burned will bor enough flies to supply afresh a ole township Vnen a pine forest is cleared oaks at :e spring up in their place, and vice ea; and when a gip occurs in a Ige it ia useless to attempt to refill mh a plant of the same species, but le other kiDd must be used. In the ory of rotation of crops the farmer y follows nature. o often the side branches of farm rk fail to pay because carried on ;ligently. A dozen hives of bees "aid bring the farmer as much reve- aa a 10 acre wheat field. The return care of his chickens would bring i.3 ler rated, and even the children are trained to a proper interest in them. Ve boast that our nation feeds the rid, but it does not by any means. ) import products to the amount of ,000,000 There are brought in more ess of all grains; many horses and !es, eggs, cheese, butter and con ised milk ; potatoes by tb.3 thousands bushels. Lit us nope there will &e a .nge some day. r-: . i s -i neac snouia ue eeeue a as soon as weather cools and the ground can ?ot ready. If we should have rain n and the high temperature con- - lea, it is to be feared that the "fly I lo much mischief. Do not be in great a hurry. Wait until there is uch of frost in the air to destroy i lea. The roller will be found very f ul this fall in fitting land for wheat linz. Thfl lateness of the season I not permit of the land being allowed consolidate 6lowly after plowing roller will do this work effectually heavy one, and it be used as soon he plowing is finished. The rolled i should then be well harrowed and KEEPING NAILS FROM RUSTING. Nails for outside use, where driven only part way, and subjected to air and moisture, are liable to rust. After they have begun to oxidize it is almost impossible to btop them. They should be previously prepared for the position. To make them secure against rust, mix a pint of linseed oil with two ounces'of black lead, stirring until the whole is thoroughly incorporated; heat the nails red hot and steep them in the mixture. They should then be well drained and shaken up in an old nail bag until dry. The lir s ed oil and black lead cover them with a fi'm of varnish which is impervious to wet. The above proportions will serve for a very large quantity. 1 1 the black lead ar. d linseed oil are not eaciiy obtained, heat the nails and throw them into any coarse grease. The latter process is not so effectual as the first, but will answer very well. The grease used should not contain a particle of salt. SMUTS The Montana Experiment Station sends out the following conclusions on smut in grains: Loose prnuts attack all of the sm grains, but that of the oat is most damaging. Clean seed, or that effectually treated for smut, will produce a crop free from smut, but an adjoining smutty field may contami nate this grain for next year's crop. The only safeguard is careful treat ment before planting. The disease in wheat may be entirely prevented by thoroughly wetting the seed in a sclu tion of copper sulphate, using eight ounc 8 to a gallon of water, but this will lessen in some degree the vitality of the seed. It may also be effectually prevented, without any damage, by immersion for 15 minutes in water raised to a temperature of 131 to 135 degrees fahrenheit. Oit f mut may be completely prevented by treating the seed 15 minutes in water raised to a temperature cf 132 to 135 degrees fahrenheit. This treatment not only removes the smut but promotes the growth and increases the yield. It may also bo prevented without iDjury- to the vitality, by immersing the feed 24 hours in a solution of potassium sulphide, made by dissolving one pound of the sulphide in 21 gallons of water. The copper sulphate treatment, us?d for wheat, will effectually kill the smut in oats, but will in some degree damage the germinating power of the grain. DESTROYING CHINCH BUGS. Prof. G. W. Johnson, of Champaign, was gent by the State to experiment in destroying chinch bugs. He worked on a piece of corn on the farm of Wil liam Quad a, and kept the chinch bugs off the corn during the dry weather. He had a ditch plowed alongside of the corn. When the bugs were coming in freely he had a boy drive a horse at tached to a log along the ditch, and killed the bugs by the bushel. What bugs were on the corn he killed with a spray. Tae material he sprayed with was coal oil, hot water and soft coap. The way he made the mixture was two gallons of hot water, one pound of soft soap and two gallons of coal oil. He took one quart of the mixture and put it into 19 q larts of water. He found that this would kill the bugs on the corn and not damage the corn any. When it rained and the dust could not be made, he used coal tar. This was railed on the ground like a fence row, and at each point he bad a row dug. When the bug would strike the tar line it would not cross, but would run along the ditch and fall in the holes. When the holes were about two thirds full they would be tided up with dirt and he dirt stamped in with a rail. Prof. Johnson gave a lecture at the school house on chinch bugs and other, pests. There was a large attendance. The farmers turned out freely, glad to learn how to get rid of the chinch bugs, the greatest curse to farmers. After the lecture the farmers, almost to a man, went to work destroying the pest. Tacse farmers who had wheat on the prairie and corn on their bottom lands uia noining in tne way or destroying bugs but those who had no corn in the bottom lands did their best, and de stroyed millions of bugs. If all the farmers would use the means that Prof. Johnson did, the bugs would be destroyed, and they would not have the second crop to destroy their corn later in the season. It would be a good idea for the farmers of the southern part of the State to petition the legisla ture to pass a law to compel farmers to kill all the chinch bugs he rais38 on his farm. As it is now a few farmers will try to kill bugs on their farms, while others will let them go, pray for rain, and trust to Providence. Parm- COTTON IS AND farmers are Bejolclrxgr. Now, friends, let us rejoice with you. The Progressive Farmer and Renew. If you do this we will be able to "keep in the middle of the road," and his harder blows for right and justice than we have ever done before. We appeal to you first, because we represent your beloved organization, and we feel that we appeal to our BEST FRIENDS We appeal to you because we are fighting same ends that you are. We Are Not Bankers, But must depend on our subscribers and your $ 1 at once. OUR AGENTS SHOULD While there is some money among the people. See your neighbor and get him to subscribe. Send us a club every week from now till Christmas. Oulil? 20c. Offer IS And the price of the paper is put back to $1 a year; six months, 50c; three months, 25c. Stand by The Progressive Farmer, As it Has And Reform The enemies of the Alliance hate The Progressive Farmer, and we cannot expect them to support us ; bo we look to our friends. Alliancemen and Reformers, Send in Your Subscriptions at Once. ADVANCIN Q Pay up your subscription to your battle we are laboring for the advertisers for support. 8o, send in GET TO WORK NOW, Stood by You Will Come. HORTICULTURE HORTICULTURAL HINTS. Tomatoes, peas, beans and sweet corn are all evaporated The Chinese primrose is an excellent plant for winter flowering. Never let thssun shine on evaporated fruit, or it will be discolored. There is a large crop of onions, this year in New England and New York. The Columbia Valley in Washington has this year given additional evidence that it is a grand fruit country. In Norway a law provides that no person shall be permitted to cut down a tree unless he plants three saplings in its place. The moth miller will attack evapo rated fruits unless they are kept in a dry, well ventilated room, with wire netting ou doors and windows. In drying sweet corn for seed remem ber that it contains much more moist, ure than common corn. Special care in drying is, therefore, necessary. The value of foreign timber imported into Eagland annually is not less than $85,000,000, not to epeak of tons of paper manufactured from wood pulp. The lower pods of Lima beans should be saved for seed. In this way the Lima may be made to ripen earlier each season, says the American Culti vator. It is believed that some of the new varieties which claim to be much earlier thin the common Lima were originated in this way. The habit of using the earliest ripening beans and sowing only those left at the end of the season, is a bad one. It makes the crop later, and it will soon get s) late that much of it will not lipenin ordinary seasons. We find this in the last issue of Gar dening. Paste it in your fc crap book: To destroy cabbage worms, take some fine salt, dry it perfectly dry on the stove or in the oven, then take it out with you iato the garden. In the even ing when the dew is on the plants take a email pinch of this dry powdered salt and dust it on each head; the dow will dissolve it and a Blight rain will carry it among the leaves of the cabbage or caul;flower, and it kills every caterpil lar it touches, acd doesa'c hurt the plants any. Do this abouc once a week. It is quick, simple and effectual. PRESERVATION OF CARROTS. The carrot does not keep well except in cool weather, and even in winter more care is requisite than with either the rutabaga or beet. It is, therefore, well to so adjust the consumption of the crop, that it be used up in season. The narrow trench method of storing beets for winter use, is emphatically the one for this root, above all others ; do not trust them in a cellar, even though it be cool, nor in mounds piled two or three feet high, as was, and is still, practiced. The methodical farmer will not be alarmed at the injunction of caution ; he knows it is better not to attempt anything which cannot be done well, and, having once commenced a job, the only economic course is to see it effectually finished. HOW MULCH ACTS. A New England writer calls attention to the fact that the value of mulch is only partially appreciated, and there is a wide field for development in using mulches of all kinds. We obtain our ideas of mulches from the prairies and forests, where nature forms her own mulch. The decaying leaves and stem3 soon form a mass on the surface which prevents the soil from losing much of its moisture. This It af mold and accu mulation of vegetable matter acts as a protecting covering for the soil, and it will be found around the trees in every forest and around the roots of wild grasses on every meadow. In indicat ing nature, as she works in the field and forest, we adopted the artificial mulch around our fruit trees, and found that it worked to their advan tage. A mulch, besides retaining the moisture in the soil, also secures a more uniform temperature and adds consid erable plant food to it. The nature of the mulch is an important part of the work. Flat stones may be used around trees, forming a permanent mulch, but their Action ia merely mechanical. It retains the moisture and temperature of the soil, but it adds nothing to it. Sawdust is but little better, but straw and new mown lawn grass form rich mulches that add plant food to the soil. The exact change which takes place in the soil when a covering is placed over the surface is not generally under stood. Some chemical change takes place, and tKa ; . . ,. ' vw wuncnea lor a time In some of the gardens of France the benefit derived from shading a portion of the soil is understood and carried out successfully. Tiles cover the strawberry beds, with hoW mnrio through them here and there for the vines to grow out of. Flower gardens are likewise covered with tiles or cement, leaving no part of the soil ex posed except where the plants come through. Export horticulturists here find this method of great advantage. In a less expansive way parchment paper can be used for covering the garden soil. Brown paper dipped in sulphuric acid should be used for this purpess, and it is then made tough and water proof. In times of drouth this mulch acts splendidly. It letains the water, accelerates the growth of the plants and keeps down the weeds. More experiments with mulches will, in time, mako gardening mucheasier and more profitable. The parchment paper mulch, however, for small places is the simplest, cheapest and most effectual that has yet been experi mented with. PITTING TURNIPS. The main winter and spring stock of roots are preserved in pits, not mounds, as made in some localities, narrow pits, after this fashion : Select a suit able spot, near the stables if practicable, but surely where the drainage is good, an indispensable prerequisite; dig a trench 16 inches wide, and as many cr more inches in depth, the length as convenient as necessary. In this de posit the topped roots, and cover with the earth dug out of the treLcb, using a little more in addition as winter ap proaches. If cold may be expected in severity, cover all long with stable manure, or anything which will im pede the entry of frost without creat ing warmth Taus a writer has found roots of all descriptions rutabagas, common turnips, carrots, beets, pars nipsto keep well. They are accessible at all time?, and may be remove d in larger or smaller quantity aa needed or desired. Altogether, it is better than mounds, which, being elevated, are exposed to frost and require care in construction. In the pits described the writer referred to annually keeps beets and carrots far into the spring, indeed, he has fed working oxen with beets, to their groat delight, up to J uly 1st. m m QUINCE GROWING PROFITABLE. One who has had much experience, Mr. John Baird, writes regarding quince culture as follows: The q lince is in such great demand in large cities that it should stimulate farmers and fruit growers to greater efforts to suc ceed with tha trees they eat out. Quinces do best in deep cool soil, though in dryish places they will do fairly well if mulched. To have the roots cool is a great step towards success. If by themselves in rows, they can be planted about 12 feet apart. There need be no fear of over feeding the quince. They like plenty of rich food. Kitchen washings and materials like this they delight to get, and when well fed in this way and rich food is spread about the surface of the ground the borer is not at all troublesome to them. When the quince is suited in this way, and grows aa it should do, it begins to bear in three years, and afterwards it never fails a crop, and 75 to 100 quinces can be had from full-grown trees. But few persons prune quinces, yet it is an important thing to do. Tnere must be young wocd or there will be no flowers and no fruit, yet how often do we see large bushes with nothing but old, stumpy looking branches on them. If your trees are like this cut them back one half or eo, to get a good stock of young wood. BRO. SOSSAMAN IN MOORE. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Manly, N. C. We are glad to report the success of the Hon. J. P. Sossaman's speech at Ingram Branch. Good attendance of both ladies and gentlemen. Every one completely captivated by the speaker's witty and truthful remarks. We think Bro. Sossaman ia doing a good work for the N. C. F. S. A. He has reorgan ized several old lodges that had gone down in this county (Moore). He makea everything so plain by his fascinating talk that the most illiterate can com prehend everything in hia speeches. We the people or. u.oore county, wm irfve Bro. Sossaman a hearty welcome any time in the future. Yours fraternally, A. A. McDonald, Sec'y Pine Ridge Sub Allnacs. -d for the seed. era' Voice.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 22, 1895, edition 1
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