North Carolina Newspapers

PKO&KESSJl? FAEMffi. Largest Circtla (jftflt Your Ad- tioa of any Paper jrtisenient in picb Soil. , in the South At lantic States. THE INDUSTRIAL AHD EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, NOVEMBER 5, 1895. ?ol. 10. No. 39 JlJdLJo HE NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. President-J. iTwUletts, Topeka, ce-President-H. C. Snavely, Leb rctaxy-Treasurer Col. D. P. Dun an, Columbia, 8. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. H L. Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann age, Brandon, Virginia; I. E. Dean, Falla, New York: H. C. Dom ing, Secretary. Harrisburg, Pennsyl vania; Marion Butler, Raleigh, . C. JUDICIARY. B. A. Southworth, Denver, Cola B. W. Beck, Alabama. M. D. Davie, Kentucky. .02X3 CAEOLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLI ANCE. President Dr. Cyru9 Thompson, .tichlands, C Vice-President Jno. Graham.Ridge vay N C Bciretary-Treasurer W. 8. Barnes, luret-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, 8te"ard-Dr. V. N. Seawell, Villa 10oiapia?n-Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur C iaDoor keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens- j jro, N. C. Assistant Door-keeper Ja9. E. Lyon, Durham, N. C. Sergeant-at-Arms A. D. K. Wallace, autherforiton, N. C. State Business Agent T. Ivey, Hal- 3ifrustee Business Agency Fund W. . Graham, Machpelan, N. C IXEOUTITE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH CAB0LI5A FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. A F Hileman, voncord, N. C; N. C. Eoglifch, Trinity, N. C; James M. Mewborne, Kins on, N. C. JTATI ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Graham. Gatesville, N. C; Dr. J.W. Harrell, Whiteville, N. C; T. J. Candler, Acton, N. C. s Qrth Carolina Reform Press Association. Queers J. L. Ramsey, President; Aarion Butler, Vice-President; W. S. Harries, Secretary, PAPERS. Progressive Fanner, State Organ, Raleigh, N. O. Caucasian, Wertry, S&ttler, Onr Home. The Populist, The People's Paper, The Vestibule, The Plow-Boy. Carolina Watchman, Raleigh. N. C. Hickory, N. C. Whitakers, N. C. Beaver Dam, N. C. Lnmberton, N. C. Charlotte, N. C. Concord, N. C. Wade&bord, N. C. Sadsbnry, N. C. ach of the above-named papers are quested to keep the list standing on is first page and add others, provided hey are duly elected. Any paper fail ing io advocate the Ocala platform will v; dropped from the list promptly. Our ?.!Vie can now see what papers are CiUshed in their interest. AGEICULTURE. It in y be possible to keep sheep very cheaply through the winter, but it is not policy to do so. A flock wintered through the cold weather on straw will show a pretty poor fleece. Good feed fed to good stock will in crease many fold, but in no circum stance can food fed to poor stock briDg any prone. Consider it wholly wasted, but thus some men manage all their lives. A Fargo (N. D ) paper says that not withstanding excessive heat, frosts, hot winds, smut, drouths, deluges, chinch bugs, Hessian fles and liars, the yield of wheat in that State will aver age fifteen bushels per acre. While apples are reported a good crop in a number of States, yet in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Michigan and Wisconsin the official returns for August 1st show only per centages ranging from 23 in Michigan to 49 in Vermont. There is no doubt, if there was some sort of a farm study in the country school aud even a flower bed agricul ture practiced in the school house yards, tnat. there would be a great gain made in tao direction of a better love for farm life. An excellent fertilize for grape vines is to break bouts irUo TpieoeB and mix them with unlea :h d wuod allies, keep ing the mixture d uiit, wun e0apsuds. Dig around tne vii,L! u: j USQ tne mix. lure liberally, liiu bon-s alone, buried around tne vine- are t xcallent. Our Snithern California friends plume themselves a ood deal, says the California Fruit Grower, on the alleged fact that the Walnut Growers7 Conven tion, held in Los Angeles on August 19, was the first convention of that kind held in the United States possibly in the world. Whether the raising of horses be comes profitable or not, the horses most serviceable to tne iarmer are those he raises on the farm, provided he breeds for the kind he prefers. Dis position, constitution, capacity and perfection in any degree can be best secured by breeding for those qualities FAILURES AND SUCCESS IN SOUTHERN FARMING. The great majority of Southern farmers who are laboring in poverty and under the weight of mortgages, are those who have never yet been able to recover fully from the effects of war and negro emancipation. Most of the men who have achieved success, in any undertaking in the South, within the past twenty five years, are those who readily abandoned old sentiments and old practices, and who went to work in earnestness and with judicial economy directly after the war. There are thou sands of men all over the South who have achieved great success in farming, and there is no difficulty whatever in the way of success in farming here to men who will work with judgment and zeal. The South has every condition of soil and climate necessary to agri cultural success. She has a rainfall that has always been except at rare intervals a reasonable guarantee against drouths of long duration. Furthermore, the seasons usually are so long that if a spring drouth does occur, there is always ample time afterward for the grain crops. Drouths very rarely affect the cotton plant Large fortunes are seldom the direct outgrowth of farming in any country ; but as an example of successsul farm ing I might give instances coming un der my own obsarvation. One of my neighbors made a single acre of ground yield the sum of $273, about $200 of which was net profit. His crop was the Ribbon sugar cane converted into syrup, in another instance a single acre planted to corn and rye produced crops worth $172; the first year the sales were $82, the second $90. In ad dition to these amounts, the land cov ered with a heavy growth of rye sown in the early fall yielded pasturage for six head of cattle and other live stock, running upon it for three months in the winter this pasturage itself equal ing in dollars and cents the outlay in cultivation. Hence, outside of the ex penses of home made fertilizers, esti mated at $40, the average profit was nearly $45 a year A special advantage the South pos sesses is that, in nearly every part of her broad area, the soil and the climate allow two crops annually in everything except sugar cane, cotton and tobacco agricultural products which have often brought bankruptcy and ruin to their growers M. V. Moore, Alabama, in American Agriculturist. The Department of Agriculture rec ommends growing more of the legumi nous crops, as they furnish the cheap est food for stock and the cheapest manure for the soil. They obtain from the air nitrogen which is necessary for both plant and animals and which costs, in the form of fertilizers and feeding stuffs, from 15 to 25 cents a pound. CHEAPER COTTONSEED MEAL. While the price of cotton is going steadily up, the price of cottonseed is on the decline- The price per ton has dropped from $9 to $8 for railroad seed and from $8 to $7 for river seed. The outlook for b3tter prices is at present not flattering, according to the idea of those who are in the business. It may seem a trifle strange to the uninitiated that two products, borne by the same stalk, should not be allied in the mar ket so far as price is concerned, but the fact is that there may be a good price for cotton and a poor price for seed at the same time. This is explained by the surrounding conditions. Not alone the status of supply but the status of demand has a large share in fixing both prices. With a poor cotton crop and a big demand for the staple owing to other causes than the decrease in the crop, the big price is legitimate. The cottonseed market is partially dependent upon the supply of corn and other feedstuff 3. Forins:ance, cotton seed oil ia used largely in the manufac ture of an article of commerce which sells tor lard, and which has largely supciecueu iub use oi the real artioio Aa a matter of necessity the price of the vegetable lard ia dependent to a large degree upon the price of the ani mal article. Tne corn crop this year is immense. The hog crop, if there can be such a thing as a "hog crop," is de pendent upon the corn crop. Plenty of corn gives plenty of food to fatten hogs, and when hogs can be fattened at email cost, they can be marketed at small cost. This condition of affairs has its influence on lard, and of course the price of seed products used for the manufacture of "lard" falls off. Again, with plenty of corn and other grain to teed cattle, there is not so much need for cottonseed meal or hulls. Tbese are reasons advanced by the mill men for the low price of seed and the poor outlook for a better one. Last year, at this time, , cottonseed oil was worth in the market 27$ cents per gallon. This year it is worth oaly I 18 cents. This makes a difference oi $4 75 in the value of a 50-gallon barrel of cottonseed oil. Last year at this time the value of cottonseed meal at Memphis was $17 50 per ton. This ysar cottonseed meal brings only $14. Cot tonseed hulls are quoted at the same figures which prevailed last year, $2 per ton. The low price of cottonseed affects the farmer more than one thinks. For each bale of cotton is marketed there is in the neighborhood of 1,200 pounds, or over half a ton of seed for sale. The price of seed is far from satisfactory, and many Southern farm ers who are able to do so will hold their seed for a better market. Memphis is perhaps the largest cot tonseed market in the world, and the condition of affairs which prevails here is prevalent elsewhere. The mills, and there are six of them in operation at the present time, are working in har mony and there is little probability that the enormous prices which char acterized the war between them a year or more since, when cottonseed sold on the river as high as $17 per ton, will be seen in Memphis this winter. The difference of $1 per ton in the value of railrcad and river seed is easily ex plained. Seed can be shipped by rail in bulk. It has to be sacked when it is shipped on the river. Mills must fur nish river seed with sacks, and besides the cost of the sacks themselves there is the cost of labor in sacking and un sacking the product. A fact about cottonseed that is not generally known is that river cottonseed produces much more oil to the ton than does railroad seed. This is because river seed comes from the bottoms and railroad seed from the hills. We shall print next week or in the following issue thereafter, an elaborate article comparing the feeding and ma nurial value of cottonseed, meal Jwith other by products. At current prices, it is one of the cheapest feeds, and cev tainly the very cheapest (and one of the best) of fertilizers. American Ag riculturist. FARMERS' INSTITUTES. The average farmers' institute is a splendid school for the farme r. While it is true that some of them are little better than useless, the system of hold ing institutes has been pretty generally perfected to a marked degree. The in stitute must be practical, or it is noth ing. It is no place for the airiDg of political doctrines or the advancing of untried theories. Every word spaken ought to mean something of valuable import to the practical farmer. In many sections the talent can be secured at home, or near home, to make the proceedings of great interest. Yet it is advisable to secure men, when pos sible, from a distance, for the methods of prominent farmers in a community are apt to be pretty well understood by all the most intelligent farmers of that neighborhood. The directors of some of our experiment stations are valuable on the program of an institute. If they are really practical men they have op portunities for demonstrating facts that no farmer can have. Intelligent specialists can impart much informa tion. Still these men coming from a distance, unless they are exceedingly careful and explicit, may mislead, for their experiments and achievements have been under materially different conditions from those existing in the county where is held the institute that thej address. The method that may do in Wisconsin might not do at all in Southern Illinois. Farmers who usually attend the institutes understand them selves and their business pretty thor oughly. It requies exceptional ability ard a broad experience to teach such men in the science of general farming. Yet they attend the institute to learn something new, and are disappointed unless they do. The boys should be encouraged to attend these meetings. We know of no other place where a boy can learn so much, in the same length of time, as he can at a practical farmers' institute. He will learn things here often more readily than he will at home, even though his father could and in the long run would teach him these very things. Where the dairy receives special attention, the institute is of special attention to the boys. Farmers' Voice. Send us what you owe us, or write us you haven't got it. Be business-like. HORTICULTURE HORTICULTURAL HINTS. Salt and pure manure are what the asparagus beds need in the fall. ? Heeled in trees that are covered with straw will likely be injured by mice. Never order nlants and seeds reck lessly. Study the character of varie ties and your conditions. It is best, having settled upon the' varieties you want, to place your order with the nurseryman and plant grower early. The Ben Davia apple originally came from North Carolina, and gets its name from a man of that name who took it to Kentucky. If your choice plants were killed by the frost, whose fault was it? Frosts come pretty regularly about such a time and there is no reason why we should be caught napping. Farmers' Voice. NEVER ENOUGH REALLY FINE FRUIT. Editor Farmers' Voice: The fruit interest of the country has as3umed enormous proportions. The total prod uct must be something: stupendous. What is still more remarkable the de mand has kept pace with the supply. And it is right that it should. Good, wholesome fruit has a beneficial effect not only on the health, but also on the morals of a community. Much of the thirst for drink and tendency to vice is but the morbid craving of ill nour ished or wrongly nourished bodies suf fering from ailments which plenty of fruit could cure. It is surely to the in terest of the fruit grower to see that this demand is not only supplied, but also fostered, encouraged and increased. But the consumers of fruit are far more discriminating now than former ly, and are yearly becoming more choice as to the quality they buy. The result is that as the quantity of fruit increases the poor and inferior offer ings become more and more a drug on tho market -jQaly-good size, well ma tured and neatly handled fruit of any kind can be counted on to yield a profit. I began shipping peaches as far back as 1875. For the past 11 years I have shipped yearly large quantities of small fruit, mostly strawberries. Like mcst growers of long experience, I have sold some good fruit and some bad, and on markets begging for ber ries at 50 cents a quart ; on markets that did not want them at three; and on markets in all conditions between these extremes. I have sold some poor berries that paid, but vastly more that did not pay. But I have never yet shipped a crate of large, attractive, well-handled berries which did not yield me a profit, unless delay of ex press trains put them on the market very late in the day. Something that does not occur with me one day in a season on an average. Good berries nor good fruits of any kind do not come of their own accord. It is the result of high manuring and high cul tivation, controlled always, of course, by good judgment. The result of this is a threefold gain earlier fruit, finer fruit, and more of it. Either of these is a very material advantage, and either would pay alone. The question of manuring is a vital one with fruit growers. It is an indisputable fact that most of this manuring is unwisely done and much of it in a manner to do more harm than good. Stable manure has been too much depended on as all sufficient. It is undoubtedly of great value as a component part of the fer tilizer used, although there is a great drawback to its use on small fruit its never failing effect to produce weeds without end. Bat stable manure is too rich in ammonia and comparatively too poor in potash to be anything near a perfect food for fruit. Close and long-continued observation in growing peaches, grapes, strawberries, raspber ries, blackberries and dewberries has fully convinced me that manures rich in potash, freely and intelligently used, will not only nfake large and splendid crops of these fkrits, but that it will aiso cure or remove many or tne ui3 eases from which these euffer. in the For after all, half of the world is but the result of in insufficient nourishment in per or Tio?? as well as in animal. A yearly appli&M tionof, 600 pounds of kainit and 400 pounds muriate of potash per acre, one or both, accompanied by 600 pounds dissolved bone or acid phosphate will pay on any land I ever saw in fruit. I have tried them, and know whereof I speak. Unless the land is rich in .am monia, 200 to 400 pounds nitrate of "rorj lise& soda or 400 to 600 pounds Wttonseed meal will also be necessary. When these fertilizers are freely used, thor ough cultivation given, poor fruit will disappear from our markets and fruit growers will be, as they of a right ought to be, our most prosperous peo ple. O. W. Blacknall. Kittrell, N. C. f MAN, WOMAN VS. DOGS. In one county in a neighboring State a man was fined $12 for abusing his dog and in another . a man was fined $2 for whipping his wife. The case has been commented upon by the press as showing the inequality of justice. It is by no means out of the usual. A very ordinary mule gets more con sideration than a man does, says the Farmers' Voice. In times of war the government dickers with the owner of a mule for half a day before it gets the animal, but it will drive the man into the army at the point of the bayonet. Man is the cheapest commodity about. A million of silent, unthinking dollars have more influence than a million thinking, immortal men. If a great corporation loses a dollar on the floor, it will lock the door of tbe counting room and turn the whole office force into the work of hunting for it. If one of its men droops exhausted and dies, it simply hires another and things go on the same. Millions of lives have been sacrificed on the battlefields of the world, and no power in the uni verse could restore to those who lost them the most precious thing that they ever possessed. But the men who put dollars or animals into world's conflicts, were guaranteed against loss. It is a little rough when a brute can "enjoy the pleasure" of thrashing his wife for the trifling sum of $2 It looks as if thing were sadly out of joint when such a "privilege" costs so little while it costs $12 to abuse a dog. Both fines were too low ; but consider ing the mighty little value that seems to bo placed upon the life of muscles of the human being, there is nothing in it to caus9 special comment. We hear a good deal about the universal brotherhood of man and there is a deal in it but it is not nearly so strong as the universal brotherhood of dol lars, or of what represents dollars. Steal a horse and the thief will go to the penitentiary ; steal a man's living and it is considered enterprise. It is all on the same principle as fining one man $12 for abusing a dog and another $2 for whipping a woman. WHY THEY ARE AGAINST VER. SIL- At a recent foreign Monetary Con- ference a delegate said : "Gentlemen, we must demonetize sil ver, for in no other possible way can we keep down the price of land and labor and farm products. It is of the highest importance that we should de monetize it. We want low prices. There is nothing in the world so hurt ful to the banker as a rising scale of prices. When this is the case trade expands; everything doubles in value, and it takes a tremendous amount of capital to corner a market and make a living profit. By demonetizing silver we at one blow can cut down one-half of the capital of tne world ; this ren ders our work " as bankers compara tivelv easy. We will have in our cru- sade against silver all of the college professors, and all government officers, for the purchasing power of their sal aries will be greatly increased in fact, this purchasing power will be doubled by the demonetization of silver. If we will only unite we can accomplish it, and once done it will never be un done. We can buy the public press and teach the "common people" that it is for their good and they will get so poor that they will never find out any better in fact, we will give them such a hard time to make a living that they will have no time for socialism and. political complications. The very fact that gold irom its nature can never circulate as the money of the "com mon people" is greatly in our favor. The use of notes will be compulsory, and every banker knows the profit of issuing notes. "Let us stand together, gentleman; all of the Semetic race of the world are a unit in favor of gold monometalism. This is a great consideration. I can- take my seat, gentlemen, without pQking out to you one alarming con .MfVon. If we do not demonetize nnr diety as public functionaries will iSJfStly decreased and lessened because the mirchasmsr nower or our i be demin ished. Gentle- salaries will men, I beg tirjj the occasion,! ,t you will rise equal to CLOSED PERMANENTLY; A Washington dispatch brings the information that Secretary Carlisle haa ordered the mints to close permanently so far as silver is concerned on the first xuvoixioer. xney nave Deen prac tically closed for two years, but that is a formal official notice that the country may not expect more in the way of money, except gold, until the people put honest men in office. The dis patch says: "The appropriation for loss on the recoinage of worn and uncurrent silver coin for the current fiscal year is ex hausted. No further transfer of such coin can be made from the treasury to the mints for recoinage, and as it is the intention of the Secretary of the Treasury not to resume, for the present at least, the coinage of silver bullion purchased under the "Sherman act, and as the stock of gold bullion ox hand at the mint in New Orleans is very limited the Secretary, has decided to discontinue all coinage operations at that mint for the present. Instructions have been given for the furlough, with out pay, of nearly all the employees at the New Orleans mint. About seventy employees will be furloughed until such time as coinage operations can bo resumed. The Treasury now holds of silver bullion purchased under the Sherman act" 137,644,000 fine ounces, the cost ef which was $124,080,323. The coming value of this bullion in silver dollars is $177,964,000. If this bullion were coin ed into silver dollars, the profit to tho Government on its coinage would h& nearly. $54,000,000, which sum could be paid put for the ordinary expensed of the Government, or silver certificates would be issued against it. It is not thought that the coinage of silver dol lars will be resumed at the mints until, there is some action by Congress on tho currency question. The mints at Phil adelphia and San Francisco will con tinue to be employed in the coinage of gold. THE COMMERCE OF CANADA. The Secretary of Agriculture will is- -sue in a few days Bulletin No. 4 of tha "World's Markets" series. The pres ent one treats of Canada, which has become a great competitor of tho United States in foreign market. This bulletin shows that the total exports of our Canadian neighbor in creased from $89,000,000 in .1683 tf $118,000,000 in 1894, or 33 percent; the imports from $109,000,000 to $123, 000,000 to $241,000,000, or 21 per cent, during the same period. The largest proportional annual increase was in 1892, when the value of the total trade, exceeded that of the proceeding year about 11 per cent. During the yearo 1888 to 1891, inclusive, the trade of Canada with the United States ex ceeded that with any other country -since the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has taken first rank, with the United States second. An important fact is that a largo share of the agricultural products go ing abroad from Canadian seaports arc cereals and flour in transit from the United States. Of $27,000,000 worth, of such products shipped last year $9,000,000 was American merchandise Of late years increased attention h&a been given by the Government of Canada to dairy interests, encourag. ing the dairy associations through out the country and passing strict san itary laws regulating the manufacture of cheese and . butter. No adultera tions can be used, and the importa tion, manufacture, and sale of oleo margarine ana otner similar suostancea are prohibited. Though the quantity of butter ex ported decreased from 10, 500, 000 pounds in 1868 to 5,500,000 in 1834, nearly per cent., the value declined from $1,700, 000 to $1,100,000, or only about CO per cent. This indicates improvement in the quality of butter exported. Tne export of cheese has increased notably.- While in 1868 it was 6,141, 570 nounds - valued at $ 620. 543. in 1894 it K ' rose to the large figure of 154.977,4t pounds, valued at f I5,45,iai. Mention is made of the fishing indu3 try and forest products The value of the former in 1894 was over $30,000; 000 and of the latter for 1894 over $80,000,000. Of wood pulp, in 1894, the United States alone imported from the Domin ion $369,010 worth. Tbe bulletin contains reports frcrri thirty of our consuls. The Progressive Fabmes is etHl go ing at $1.00 a year. Borne of our iraS- Ecribers eeem to think wo aro giving it away.