Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Dec. 10, 1895, edition 1 / Page 1
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11 1 Largest CircnU tioa of any Paper in the South At lantic States. jit Your Ad tisement in Soil. 1 1 THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. ol. 10. RALEIGH, N. C, DECEMBER 10, 1895. No. 4 n E4EIER. IB NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. President J. F. Willetts, Topeka, face-President H. C. Snavely, Leb 'retory-TreasurerCJol. D. P. Dun a, Columbia, 8. O. EXECUTIVE BOARD. a L. Loucks, Huron, 8. D. ; Mann so, Brandon, Virginia; I. E. Dean, Jrieoye Falls, New York; H. C. Dem 'H2. Secretary. Harriaburg, Pennsyl- yjiia; Marion liutier, rvuieigu, . JUDICIARY. a. A. Southworth, Denver, Co!o K. W. Beck, Alabama. D. Davie, Kentucky. EI a CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TAT3 ALLI- AKUK. PrHidflnt Dr. Cyrua Thompson, 4 cblands, J C. VTi 3e-President Jno. Graham,Ridge w, N. C. 3, -re tary -Treasurer V7. 8. Barnes, Kiaifcb, N. C. U surer J. T. B. Hoover, EimCity, 3tUard-Dr. V. N. Soawell, Villa ' J'apiain-Bev. P. H. Masey, Dur m N O " Door koeper-Goo. T. Lane, Greens- ?istantDoor keeper Jas. E. Lyon, gatCArm9-A. D. K. Wallace, .therforatoo, N. C. Kate Business Agent-T. Ivey, ttnl- iSeeBusiness Agency Fund W. Graham, Machpelah, N. C. jC-jTTVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH iBOLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. L F. Hileman, -oncord. N. C. ; N. ..English, Trinity, N. C. ; James M. r-wborne, Kins on, N. C. -..It ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. 'ohn B-ady, Gatesville, N. C; Dr. Harrell. Whiteville, N. C; T. J. . .idler, Acton, N. C. It Carolina Reform Press Association. fivers J. L. Ramsey, President; rrum Butler, Vice-President; IF. & : rms, Secretary, papers. I crewive Fanner. State Organ, Raleigh, N. C. i Hickory, N. C. - ttle' Whitakers, N. C. Home, Beaver Dam, N. C. ' V Populist, Lumberton, N. C. . People's Paper. Charlotte, N. C. Vestibule, Concord, N. C. Plow-Boy " adesboro, N. C. ollna Watchman. Sa Isbnry, N. C. tech of the above-named papers are nested to keep the list standing on flst page and add others, provided duly elected. Any paper fail U advocate the Ocala platform will rcvyed from the list promptly. Our pi' can now see what papers are lirhed in their interest. LqillCXJLTXJEEr 'he South is making rapid etrides in direction of better stock of all kinds n Bantam chickens up to the finest Bes. Good times will acc lerate ig? when they come. here shou'd b9 care exercistd in ling uev7 corn to animals We be re that injiry is possible from feed too much, though it is a practice to Is vine espzcially all they will eat. now more about the horse's foot i-8 care, and keep it out of the ds of the bungling blacksmith, iy how to tend and shape the hoof he colt. A fine bodied animal may e a bungling gait or a lack of endur e from bad feet ai-d it is too often ;he owner's fault. iire adds no fertility or food; it ' iQa a sandy soil more compact, and rents a clay soil running together; -olocks some forms of potash, and :ens the preparation of plant food n the vegetable matter in the Boil 1 ry field needs lime no in re than 3 every man need q iinine. Vatsr under a grindstone should net eft in the trough after the stone has a ued. The portion of the fctone . 3 letL in waleria kept soft, while '. reftt is gro wini; harder by exposure he sun and air. Tua wet part fas, .rs away, and the stone wilt booh be of balance and unfU for us. is estimated that an acre of good ;in soil, a foot in depth, should .20,000 poundscf L-itrogon. 12 000 nd of pota?h, and half as mu.h of spioiio acid. To buy this iu .he n uf commercial fertilizers would $2 000. By we cropping and dhng, &o as to conserve its fertility, a.n b? kept up to its degree of pro Javeness at slight expense la exchange siys thoro ia no future low grade horses. The writer is a Ld money crank, evidently. Vtfny uld ool) fine blooded horses be iu land and scrub stock unsaleable? ?e tine ouea if you cw, but you will that under our present fiuancial -eni bio. ded horses will bring scrub s. Fmancial reform is neoessary lake any sort of horses briDg full THE CARE OF BEES IN WINTER. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. The management of bees in the fill is a very important point with the bee keeper. His stocks require close at tention to see if they have sufficient stores to carry them safely through the winter. Tne time for this purpose is in October and November. If any stock has not sufficient stores it should be supplied with honey or syrup, but where stocks are weak both in bees and honey it i a good plan to unite two or three, r enough to make one good stock. At this teason there will be very little brood remaining in such colonies. The surplus empty combs can be stored away unt'l next season and given to new swarms. If the bee keeper d sirts to retain all his stock ho sh .uili at ence begin feeding honey or syrup Syrup is made by taking one pound of white sugar to one pint of water, or eight pounds of sugar to one gallon of water, and boiling the mixture until all has been completely dissolved. If this makes a gallon the syrup will be of the right consistency, but if no: add more water. If two much water has been added boil it again until the right amount has been obtained. The best way to supply the food is to have a very shallow vessel, not more than half or three quarters of an inch in depth ; in which dry comb is laid, on which the food is poured to keep the bees from downing. Tnia feeding pro cess should be done during the night to prevent bees from robbing A hole should be made in the top of the hive and the food placed by the side of it in the evening, with a cover to protect it frcm robbers. The bees will remove the supplies during the night, and next morning the vessels should be taken away before bees begin to fly out. Besides this syrup, candy and honey mixed or sticks of candy may be given to bees. The candy and honey may be put into a coarse clotb, placed in the top of the hive close to the bees, and covered so that no heat can escape. When either honey or eyrup is given to stocks it ehou'd be in sufficient quan tity to induce the bees to cap it. Not less than ten pounds of sugar should be given to each stock. Wbe it is possible, honey should be given in sealed combs. This is a great saving of honey, as the bees will neces sarily correumo a good portion of l'quid honey to convert into comb to seal the honey stored in the cells. As a general thine; b es gather sufficient stores from the aster in the fall to carry them through the winter. Thcsa who winter their stojk in eel lare or other warm places should on warm, plec snt days remove them, so the boos can fly out and discharge their fces Iz often happens that very good stocks are lest by neglect of this point. Bee3 are coi fined through the long winter months until late in the spring without an opportunity to discharge their fecep, and it is at such times they are compelled to discharge them, and the stock is totally ruined. Bees that remain intheir stands will rarely need any protection from the winter's cold further than good shelter. The bet s will pass the time more quiet ly and consume hss honey. If they are placed so as to receive the southern exposure on mild days they will fly out which gives them an opportunity to discharge their feces. All stocks which have a southern exposure should be provided with a screen to prevent the warm rays cf the sun from falling on the hives, tempting the bees to fly when they will be unable to return. Where stocks are very strong it is necessary to give the bees upward ven tilation to prevent condensation of moisture in the hive. If these suggestions are faithfully carried out there is no reason why the bee keeper should not succeed in carry ing hia bees aaf ly through the winter. -J W. Hunter, N. G Experiment Station. Whatever you do, don't begin to lah down your fine timber with the axe this winter. Clear no forest land. Save the timber. You can plow deep and improve the land alreidy in culti vation. Don't touch the forests. FARMING AS A BUSINESS. Ic is a remarkable fact, but none the less true, that the eucceesful farmers are readers of agricultural papers and agricultural literature of all kinds. They make a study of their business, and by keeping posted on what others are doing in the farming line, are always able to take advantage of improved methods. There are mmy farmers who honestly think that they are not to blame because their cows do not yield more than 150 pounds of butter in a year, and other crops in like pro portion. Because they work hard they feel that they have done their full duty, and when they realize that they are continually running behind, become discouraged, and say there is no money in farming. True, and there never will be for thcs9 farmers. In the com mercial world a large per centage of the business men fail, largely due to incapacity. It takes just as much, if not more ability to successfully run a farm as a commercial business. There was, perhaps, a time when it did not, but that time has passed never to re turn. In times of general depression the business of farming is no worse than any other business. There is money in farming for the brainy farmer, and there always will be There is profit in a fruit orchard that returns 50 to $100 per acre, but unless a man knows how to care for his fruit trees so that they will yield good, clean fruit, there will be no money it in for him, and according to his experience, no money in the business. A writer in an exchange says on the subject: The trouble ia, not that farming is going to dogs, and that the country has no more use for farmers, but largely, because they are so obstinately wedded to old ideas and methods. Business meihods have been literally revolu tion;z?d during the last sixty years, and without complaint from business men; but the average farmar bates radical changes more than he hates sin, and never would change without the stimulus of something like financial ruin or starvation. 'If the season of low prices is hard on farmers, it has its phases of good It forces them to think, and that to the man 'sot in his ways is the most dis agreeable of all work He hates think ing as applied to his business, and the methods of his grandfather cr great grandfather would still be in vogue, could he have his way." Oregon Agri culturist. Mulching and surface cultivation are based upon the earns principle. Firing the top layer of the soil is almost or quite as effectual in retarding evapora tion from the lower parts aa is a coat ing of straw or manure. Tne farmer or gardener who takes no note of this fact s:anis squarely in his own light RISE OF THE BEET SUGAR IN DUSTRY IN THE U. S. It has required nearly a century to develop beet sugar in Europe until it has become the controlling element in the sugar supply of the world. In these latter days t vents move much more rapidly. It was some thirty years or more ago that experiments in beet sugar production were made in a regularly built sugar factory at Chats worth, III , and now we find that Cali fornia is coming to the front with a beet sugar production f quailing the cane sugar production of Louisiana a generation ago, and giving promise of a future development beyond any pres sent conception that most of us have of it. As the sorghum plant seemed wonderfully well adapted to the some what arid lands of Kansas, so the sugar beet seems to find a natural habitation in California. Wherever it ha3 been raised there the beets have been found to be of a superior excellence, the lim ited amount of rainfall really conducing to improve th3 quality of the beet. In this issue will be found a report cf a committee of Californians who have been investigating the development there of the beet sugar industry, and the whole subject matter is so thor oughly well treated that it will be found extremely interesting to all who are interested in the sugar industry. A generation or two hence may find the centre of the sigar industry of America transferred from the low lands of the Gulf to the drier lands of California Louisiana Sugar Planter. Lt the brood mare be as near a model a3 possible in some respects; then, if the same rule is observed in selecting the sir5, not forgetting their ancestry, you may expect a colt that will pay for his raising, but not other wise. An old hack will not do for a brood mare, be the fire what he will. T HE ONLY INJURY. An Irish paper said: 'The day be fore yesterday Mr. O Flynn fell from his horse and broke his neck but eus tained no other injury." Oa the 15 ;h inst., Mr Cleveland's ass humped its back, threw the "old man" and broke his neck, while the country sustained no eerious injury. Hickory Mercury. MARKETING FANCY FRUIT. A discouraging fact to the fruit grower who is trying to put fancy goods on the market is that the vender will be sure to give buyers the wrong name of varieties. This nullifies much of the grower's efforts About the only way to overcome his difficulty is to plainly brand each package with its true name. These 4 'fancy" varieties could be shipped in one, two and four quart baskets in crates, as strawberries only, S3 as to go to consumers in the original package. This is being done in a small way at certain markets E ich basket is stenciled with name of variety, private brand of the grower and his address. Consumers thus learn to recogniza b jth grower and variety, and in time will insist upon having only his fruit. Home and Farm. Though common horses will no longer pay, farmers cannot seem to get their courage up to make the effort to breed high class horses. The range of prices between the ordinary horse and the best is growiug wider. The medium and smaller horses are growing cheaper simply because no one wants them, says an exchange. THE FLORIDA ORANGE CROP. Weeks bsfore the season arrives, when this fruit ordinarily begins to move north ward, the very small crop has been entirely absorbed, selling on the streets. The price is $1 50 to $2 90 per box, depending on quality and dis tance from market, and the fruit is now going out in small lots. Trees are re covering remarkably well, but it will require years, according to the opinion of the best posted growers there, to reach the 6,000 OOO-bx crop again. Mgr C. F. A. Bielby of the Florida fruit exchange places 60,000 boxes as an out side limit of the yield this year. It is only a guess to estimate what next year's crop will be, but the consensus of opinion points to a yield probably under rather than over 1,000,000 boxes. While it is thus shown little or no fruity will be shipped from the State, most of the very small crop being re quired by Florida hotels who cater to northern guests, it is more than prob able that unuaustlly large quantities of fresh vegetables will be moved out. In some sections of Florida the acreage of peas, cabbagea, beans, tomatoes and lettuce is unprecedented, many farm ers who are obliged to look to other crops than oranges having gone more largely into the cultivation of such stuff Iu spite of the fact that the pro duction in some sections ia being re stricted by the use of a smaller quan tity of fertilizer, it is believed the amount of fresh vegetables available for outside markets is liberal. Ship ments will begin in earnest at an early date, prices up to the present time be ing nearly ncminal. Cucumbers sell in such eastern markets as New York at $1 to $3 per crate, Florida and Nor folk green peas meet some favor, with string be ins 60c. to $1 per half barrel. American Agriculturist Study your farm conditions and learn exactly what sheep will thrive best upon it. If you are not able to purchase even a small flock of pure bred or high graded sheep, then put all you can advantageously in a pure bred ram, and after that do the best you can in buying ewes. Start right, even if upon a email scale. THE DAIKY. CREAM RAISING. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Comparative tests of cream raising are frr quently published in which it is shown that more cream has been ob tained by one method or apparatus than by auother Extravagant claims of manufacturers are made in 'their circulars. When people are properly educated on the subject of cream rais ing these absurd claims will go in one ear and ort the other. A DUTY FOR EDITORS Milk set when first drawn, or at a temperature of 98 or 95 degrees, will yield all its cream as soon as or very eoon after its temperature has been re duced to 45 degrees, if the reduction be quickly mtdd. If there is any process, method, apparatus or device by which more than all the cream can be ob tained, it is the duty of agricultural and dairy papers to ascertain what that process is and let the world know it just as s on as they can. THE REAL QUESTION. A comparative test amounts to but little, if it does not how that the pro cess or apparatus producing the most cream obtains it all. However, I do noi rememoer ever to have seen in any published statement of comparative tests the additional statement that pains was taken to demonstrate that all the cream was obtained by the sue cessful competitor. To determine the value of any system of cream raising a comparative teat is not necessary, nor is it of any value unless the ad ditional feature above mentioned ia taken into consideration. HOW TO SETTLE IT. To determine whether all the cream has been obtained, especially where the cold, deep setting or Swedish system has been used, the creamed milk should be heated up to a temperature of 100 degrees or 93 degrees and reset the temperature being quickly reduced to 45 degrees If no cream comes to the surface it will be pretty good evidence that it was all obtained at first setting. There will nearly always be a slight scum that will come to the surface at such a time, but it will not be cream Thre will be no butter in it. Another way is to use the Bibcock test, now acknowledged to be reliable and accepted as such in courts of justice. A number of years ago Samuel E Lewis, Oxford, N Y., told me he set 400 pound 8 of milk in accordance with the cold deep-setting system and after taking off the cream decided to make a test to determine whether this scum he had always noticed at second set ting contained any butter. With that quantity of milk he succeeded in get ting enough so he could churn it. After exhausting all efforts with the churn he failed to obtain any butter. This was an opportunity to demonstrate a fact which could not be demonstrated where a small quantity of milk had been set. Mr. Lewis satisfied himself that there is no value whatever in the slight scum that rises at the second setting of milk, where milk has once been properly set, and the temperature quickly reduced to the proper point. SHOULD BE DEMONSTRATED. Any one who has experimented in this direction will readily notice the difference between real cream and the scum mentioned. Those who are rais ing cream for butter or other purposes should never be satisfied until they have demonstrated to a certainty that they are obtaining all the cream there is in their milk. THE SWEDISH METHOD. The cold, deep-setting or Swedish method, as its name indicates, was first practiced in Sweden, and was in troduced to the notice of American dairymen in 1876 by the late lamented X A. Wiliard through the columns of the Country Gentleman. All there is of this system is to set the milk at or nerr the temperature at which it is drawn and quickly reduce to 45 de grees or below. In cold weather it may be necessary to reduce the milk to 40 degrees ; and if the milk becomes materially reduced in temperature be fore it arrives at the dairy rocm the temperature had better be ra's d to 98 degrees before setting. There has been a great deal written and printed by those who have attempted to explain the Swedish method of cream raising. The correct solution is a simple one. The reduction of temperature condenses the watery portion of the milk, thus giving it greater spi c fic gravity, and thereby greatly increasing the original existing slight difference between its specific gravity and that of the oily portion. CONCLUSION The above explanation will enable the reader to understand that cream raising is simply a matter of gravita tion, and if milk be set at the proper temperature and reduced to the proper one, all the cream must came to the surface as soon as, or very soon after, such reduction of temperature has been accomplished. It will also be under stood that the practice of the cold, deep-setting or Swedish system of cream raising is not confined to any particular make of apparatus. F. W. Moseley FACTS FOR DAIRYMEN. Observe the following 12 points in your dairy operations: 1. Tnat the production of butter is largely depend ent on breed. 2 That there is a struc tural limit to the production of butter to each cow. 3 Tnat when the cow 13 fed to this limit increaeed food cannot increase the product. 4 That the supe rior cow has this structural limit at a 0fttr riiRtAnee from ordinary feed, and more ready to respond to stimuli than the inferior cow. 5 That conse rmentlv the superior cow is seldom fed to her limit, while the inferior cow may be easily fed beyond her limit; and, aa a practical conclusion, increased feed with a superirior lot of cows will in crease the butter product, but if fed to an inferior lot of cows wast na k but the result. 6. That the character ot tne food has some influence on the character of the butter, but even here breed influences m: re than food. 7 That !k v9 n con8tant relation between tne butter product aid the cheese product. 8 Tnat the caseine retains a constant percentage, and that this per centage does not appear to respond to increase of food. 9. That the caseine appears to remain constant, without regard to the season. 10. That increase m the quantity of milk is followed by an increase in the total amount of caseine. 11. That insufficient focd acts directly to check the proportion of butter, and has a tendency to de crease the caseine of the milk and sub stitute albumen. 12 That the best practice of feeding is to regulate the character of the food by the character of the animals fed ; feeding superior cows nearer to the limit of their pro duction than inferior cows; feeding, if for butter, more concentrated and nutritious foods than for cheese; feed ing for cheese product succulent ma- terial, which will increase the auantitv of the milk-yield. JLTVE STOCK. CRUSHHD OATS AND CUT HAY. To test the relative merits of crushed vs whole oats in feeding horse?, one of the great London omnibus companies some years ago conducted an interest ing experiment, says the Farmers' Ad vocate. Of the 6,000 horses in the company's employment one half were fed on crushed oats and cut hay and etraw, and the other half on whole oats and hay. The ration allowed per day to each horse, according to the one system, was: Crushed oats, 16 pounds; cut hay, 7i pounds ; cut straw, 2i pounds. The q lantity allowed according to the old system was : Whole oats, 19 pound s ; uncut hay, 13 pounds A daily saving of six poucds of food was thus effected, and this saving was not merely in the quantity, but in the value of the mar materials employed, for straw in the former case was substituted for hay in the latter. The advantage of one kind of feeding over the other was far more apparent when reduced to money value. Tho saving by using the crushed oats and cut hay was nearly five cents per day for each horce, which was equal to 1300 per day for the 6,000 horses. And this saving waa acc-mplishtd without any sacrifice whatever; for all the drivers and those having charge of the horses agreed that the difference in the horses was decidedly in favor of those fed on crushed oits and cut hay and straw. PREVENTING THE RAVAGES OF HOG CHOLERA. Vftry much has been written on tho subject of hog cholera. The matter has been studied by government com missions, by veterinarians, by swine growers and by others generally in terested, yet the results of their studies are of little practical value in the way of a remedy or remedies. The writer is one who is very firmly of the opinion that preventive methods are the only or 63 entitled to serious consideration. The foolishness and unscientific meth ods of growers are and have been large ly, if not exclusively, responsible for the ravages of this disease in theswino herds of the West and South. Exclu sivo corn feeding and unsanitary sur roundings havo made our swine pecu liarly f usceptible to disease. V(e be lieve it is impossible to rear and fatten a hog on an exclusive corn diet and have him healthy. Then sgain, the breeders have thus given us an animal which is not robust or in a condition to resist disease. He is simply a mass of obesity, lacking in muscular develop ment and constitutional a ready prey for any contagion to which he may bo exposed. If the low price of wheat and the comparatively high price of corn will continue another year, thus stimulating the practice of feeding more wheat and let-s corn, it will be a blessing in disguiae to the s winegrower. We believe that it is an easy problem to solve that of avoiding tha disease if preventive hygienic methods are used. Give hogs range in eunsmer, grass and water, more wheat and other cereals, with less of corn, and we 6hall in one or two generations of hog life have practicalJy wipe d cut this scourge. The normal condition of our domestic animals is health, and if we care for them in a DroDer manner they will not eet sick: but it is useless to violate nature's laws and hope to escape the penalty. E. G. Fowler, in American Agriculturist.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 10, 1895, edition 1
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