North Carolina Newspapers

I H Largest Circuit tioa of any Paper in the South At f.int Your Ad vertisement in P cb Soil. lantic States. THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTEKESTS OF OUK PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, DECEMBER 24, 1895. Vol. 10. Ho. 46 1 . 11 ' 3S NATIONAL FARMERS ALLI- ANCE AN Li muua i kiai UNION. President J. iTwilletts, Topeka, 1 ftce-Prosident-H. C. Snavely, Lcb SVejr-Treasurer Col. D. P. Dun n, Columbia, 8. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD. L. Loucks, Huron, S. D. ; Mann i4 Brandon, Virginia; I. E. Dean, V ' wQna Kow York : H. C. Dem - ng, Secretary. Hamsburg, Pennsyl '? nia; Marion Butler, Raleigh, IS. U JUDICIARY. j. A.. Southworth, Denver, Colo. W. Beck, Alabama. 1. D. Davie, Kentucky. MH CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TATZ ALU ANCZ. ftwadentDr. Cyrus Thompson, inlands, J. C. 7ice- President J no. Graham.Ridge retar-Treasurer-W. 8. Barnos, !S. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, Sward-Dr. V. N. Ssawell, Villa Jnapia?n-Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur : keper-Geo. T. Lane, Greens- SsistantDoor keeper Jaa.E. Lyon, togtCirms-A. D. K. Wallace, therf or Jitoa, N. C. ftate Business Agent-T. Ivey, al- fusLCBusiness Agency Fund-W. Graham, Machpelah, N. C. KOUTIVK COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH AEOLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. F. Hileman, Concord, N. C. ; N. . English, Trinity, N. C; James M. jwborne, Kins on, N. C. LTX ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Brady, Gatesville, N. C.; Dr. Harrell, Whiteville, N. C; T. J. r ndler, Acton, N. C. irth Carolina Reform Press Association. Q&cers-J. L. Ramsey, President; irion Butler, Vice-President ; W. 8. imes, Secretary, papers. reeslve Farmer, State Organ, Raleigh, trV Hickory, ttler Whitakers, rHome. Beaver Dam. Populist, Lumberton, e People's Paper, Charlotte, e Vestibule, , Concord, Plow-Boy. Wadesboro, rolina Watchman. Sa isbury. N.C, N. C N.C. N.C. N.C. N. C. N. C. N. C. N. C. N. C. uachofthe above-named papers are luestedto keep the list standing on 3 first page and add others, provided ly are duly elected. Any paper fail j to advocate the Ocala platform ivill dropped from the list promptly. Our jple can now see what papers are dished in their interest. The rotation of crops is a much more portant matter than is usually Dught. I ; is the way to keep up the tility. We may be pardoned for once more nesting that if you feed dry food all titer, you will have sick animals be e spring. Constitutional defects of body or 2ce in a flock of ewe3 can easily be rected by using a buck that shows ength where the other is weak. There is a difference of opinion as to ether a persistent milker should be Dt at work right along. The prepon ance of opinion, however, is that a v is better for from six to eight I eks' rest. v. good, cool, well-ventilated milk 138 is one of the essentials of succe s dairying. Such a house may be ie of wocd, stone or brick, and if perly constructed the kind of ma al is not essential. toney ppent to make a cement cellar t is well invested. Pat in four to inches of sand, wet down thorough and for several days. Then mix ly broken stone with cement and : on three inches thick. Tnen cover h cement mixd with sand. . summary of D 'partment of Agri :ure estimates gives the acreage and duction in the United Statts for 5 a? of wheat 33 9 U 850 aensand .231,000 bushels, and of corn 81,900, acres and 2 161 357,000 barbels. In ft there were 1,212.770 052 bushels of (is somewhat singular that so little been said, heretofore, about the of lime to neutralize the sjurness tpland soils. Probably many edem as well as farmers, have f alien into 3 general belief that sour soils are rays more or let slow and damp. Ger ifc and French chemists have reccer sid the value of lime on well drained lands that have become acid, and f. Hillsard in this countrv has an 0 - r :pntly satisfied himself of the value. 1 Rhode Island people, however. re been the first to demonstrate this U8 by actual test. CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL WOOL GROWERS' ASSO CIATION. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Washington, D C, Dac. 6. In October. Ia3t Judge William Law rence, President of the National Wool Growers' Association, and Mr. W. J. Mark am, Secretary, called a meeting of the Association to assemble at the Ebbitt House, Washington, D. C, on December 4th, with a view of asking Congress that in any revenue measure which might be enacted, there should bo corporated protection duties for the wool industry. The call invited not only members of the Association, but also sheep producers and wool dealers co unite in a conference. Tne National Association of Wool Growers met at the Ebbitt House on Wednesday, December 4sh, 1895, and has been in session three day s. Sixteen States are represented. Juclge Law rence had prepared a memorial to Con gress covering the whole subject of the wool tariff, and this memorial has been for three days under discuss i;n. The memorial has been nearly all agreed to but the rates of duty to be asked for by the wool growers have not been finally decided upon. Another question which will come before the Association is whether the duties which the Ax s jciation regards as essential as a permanent policy shall now be asked for, or whether a some what modified proposition shall be made to Congress as a temporary ex pedient. This question is not yet de termined. During the three days' session, the debates have been very animated, with some differences of opinion as to minor details, yet with a substantial concur rency of opinion as to all the proposi tion discussed. Tha National Association of Wool Manufacturers sent to Judge Lawrence to be presented to the National Asso ciation of Wool Growers, now in ses e ion, a resolution as follows: Resolved, Tnat the National Associa tion of Wool Manufacturers, adhering to the conviction that an impartial ap plication of the principle of protection is essential to the complete and uni form development of the industrial in terests of tho nation, earnestly seconds the appeal of the Wool Growers for a duty for wool. Tne discussions have developed the fact that since the so-called McKinley Act of 1890 was passed, conditions have so changed that the duties prescribed by the Act are found to be wholly in adequate. At the time this Act was passed, it was intended to be sufficient ly protective, but a provision was un fortunately incorporated in the Act which was known as the 'Skirting Clause" which with a light shrinkage in Australian wool has, to a large ex tent, defeated the purposes of the Act. The nominal duty of 11 cents, pro vided by the law, is to be, in practical effect, only 6 cents per pound in Ohio and similar washed merino wools, when the law was intended to give more than double that. The discussions show that this effect of the law is not generally understood by the wool growers, and the National Association will ask for modifications of the law which will remedy this defect Then, too, tha reduction in "wool prices, since 1890, in the market of the world, have been so great as to re quire more effective protection than the Mc Kinley Act would give, under con ditions now existing. At 5 o'clock this afternoon the Asso ciation adjourned, to resume the con sideration of the memorial to Congress to morrow morning at 10 o'clock. President Lawrence furnished the Associated Trade and Industrial Press, on request, a copy of a letter adiresed to him, which shows the effect of free wool in Colorado. It is as follows : Trinidad, Col., Dec. 1, 1895. Ron. Wm Lawrence, President Na tional Association Wool Growers: Sir: It is about two years since the wool growers of Colorado met in con vention to consult on the future in this Ssate. Congress was then in session with the avowed purpose of placing wool on the free liat. The wool indus try was then the seventh in magnitude of the industries of the Ssate. We then felt that free wool would be a death blow to the business, and a financial ruin to those engaged in it. Our fears have been fully realized. Tne price of our wool has been reduced from 16 cents to 6 cents per pound ; the price of our mutton has been reduced from 3 to $1 60, and our stock ewes from a to $1.25. And to-day, were it not for the hope that the present Con gress would give ua eome relief, our stock of sheep would sell at 50 cents per head. The value of our ranch property has depreciated 75 per cent, and the lands we own for sheep purposes cannot be sold for the government price, while, under the McKinley law, it was worth from $10 to $15 per acre. Three years ago, the sheep and wool industry was worth $8,000,000 in the 8tate of Colorado; to-day with free wool, it is worth about $3,000,000. Three years ago the plains of Colorado were covered with as many sheep as they cculd support ; to-day a herd is seldom seen, and in a few more years, with free wool, the sheep in Colorado will be, like the buffalo, a natural curi osity. Free wool has deprived thousands of industrious workmen of their daily labor, and rendered their ranch homes worthless. Wool' growers in Colorado have but one demand of Congress, and that is protection from tha foreign pro ducers. Give us the preference in our home market, and save a shipment of gold to pay for the foreign article. Yours for protection, R. H. Purington, Prea't Colorado State Wool Growers Association. There is a very strongly proclaimed sentiment among the wool growers who are here, that no candidate for the Presidency who is non committal on the subject of protection of the wool industry, or seek to give the wool growers inadequate protection, can ever receive their support for the nom ination, or even for the electioo. They declare that with them it is a death struggle for existence ; that the time has come for action, and that speedily, and that they will not be con tent with glittering generalities, but want to know the extent of the relief which they are to have, and which candidates for the Presidency and for Congress are willing to give them R 3presentative Harris, of Ohio, to day introduced in the House a bill levy ing the duty on wools as follows: Wool and hair of a first class, 11 cts. per pound; sacond class 12 cts. per pound ; third class and on camel's hair of the third class, the value thereof shall be 13 cents or lees per pound, in cluding chargt s, the duty is to be 32 per cent, ad valorem ; on wools of the third class and on earners hair of the third class the value of which exceeds 13 cents per pound, the duty is to be 50 per cent, advalorem. If the wool growers of this country will scratch their heads and think a little, they will conclude that the tariff has not had so much to do with lower ing the price of wool as they claim in the above articles. Wool will never be a good price again until the financial question is settled in the right shape. Editor. HOW TO SAVE BACON. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer, For the benefit of the readers of The Progressive Farmer I will give a plan for a sure preventive to keep bugs from bacon. When it gets salt enough to smoke, string it ready for hanging up while it is yet damp, sprinkle all the flesh part with powdered borax, then hang it up and smoke it. Let it hang for years if you wish, and no fly nor bug -will bother it. If any brother farmer has had expe rience with briars that grow in the land they grow very thick, small vines and roots very thick, have large nuts to the roots I desire their infor mation for destroying them through The Progressive Farmer Yours respectfully, John Brock Hoard says that it sounds passing strange in these days of cheap oats, cheap corn and cheap barley, and but ter at a good price, to hear farmers talking about se-ling their grain. There are three pounds of butter in a bushel of oats or corn or barley when fed to a good butter producing cow. Can a man sell his grain at any better price, in these times, than to turn it into butter? THE GROWING OF ONIONS. Would there be a poesibilty of my growing a good crop of onions on new ly cleared land, with everything taken out and well plowed and worked? I want to grow a good crop. I have nothing but commercial fertilizers to use. My land is light and high, a good sandy loam. How much fertilizer can I use and not burn the crop? Is the "Prize taker" the best for me to plant and market under the "New Onion Culture?' What time are they ready to market set out February 1st. A. C, Chadbourn, N C. Answered by W. F. Massey, Horti culturist, N. C. Experiment Station You can dubtless grow a fair crop of onions on your land, by liberal fertili zation, and, by repeating the heavy fer tilization, you can grow larger crops on the same land annually for a num ber of years. It takes several yeaTS fertilization and culture to get the maximum crop of onions on a piece of land that has never grown that crop. I should use fully a ton per acre of a high grade fertilizer, and I would not buy any particular brand of mixed fertilizer, but would mix my own, for there is no brand that I am acquainted with which has as large a percentage of potash as the onion crop and your soil need. In bulletin 112, on Truck ing in the Souths you will find some formulas for home mixing of fertili zers. If you wish to grow green onions for bunching to ship in March, you should use sets of the Early Pearl or the White Potato onion, and plant them in October. The bulletin referred to will give you full directions. For a ripe crop for tho home market or for early shipment ripe, you c in use the Prizetaker, and start the plants under gla?8 in January, or if you want a crop that can bo kept then sow saed in Fdb ruary, of the White Sjuthport Globe, or the Red Opal. The Prizetaker is the be3t for the "new onion culture," that is tha starting of the plants early and transplanting in March, or with you in February, if well hardened off Tney will be ready to ship in late Jane or early in July, while the onions grown from sets planted in October, will be ready to pull and bunch in March and ship with the tops on, in ventilated barrels. The new Western States are making a solid move for the encouragement of emigration. A large convention was recently held in St. Paul in that inter est and conventions are to be held in each of the several States. D. R. Mc Ginnis, St. Paul, is the general eecre t&ry of the movement. THOROUGH PULVERIZATION OF JHE SOIL. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Prosperity, N. C Rm deep furrows, if possible 12 inches deep, by running the plow sev eral times in a furrow. These furrows should be sufficiently far apart to pre vent the dirt of one from falling over into an adjacent furrow, say 2 to 3 feet. The ground between the furrows should not be broken ; the frost will do that more thoroughly than can be done by ordinary plowing. The plowing may be done any time before hard freezing sets in. The frost will crack the ground at or near the bottoms of the furrows, and extending across will lift the entire ridges. Eight inches of water will, when frozen into ice, make 9 inches. The same pertains to wet soil. Hence freezing has the effect to tear assunder, thus producing thorough pulverization. In the spring, after the frost is out of the ground, the furrow should be filled and the ground cross plowed. It will be found very mellow and loose to the depth previously f rez m. AN ILLUSTRATION. Some years ago, about the first of April, I was travelling with a horse and buggy in the western part of the State of Ne w York. At a certain point there was a ditch on each side of the road about 18 inches daep. The ditches enabled the frost to lift the entire road bed. A thaw had set in and occasion ally the horse would break through, making the travelling disagreeable. From the effect here you will see what can be done by means of the above. Bryan Tyson. BEE CULTURE AT THE EXPERI MENT STATION. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. The Experiment Station has recently completed arrangements for carrying on some work in bee culture, both to disseminate information as to the best methods to follow in beekeeping, as well es to conduct tests to determine what plans should be adopted in North Carolina to make this particlar indus try a3 pre fi cable as possible.' In many sections of the State bee culture now yields handsome returns when care fully managed. With proper use of the improved methods of late years this result might be largely increased. It will be the purpose of the Station to endeavor to aid in the extension of the industry, and with the possible im provement of the culture where it has now found a foothold. For this pur pose the co operation of two experi enced bee-keepers hfta v a Dr. J. W. Hunter and Mr W H Hall both of Forsyth county. it ig expected that results interesting to beep keepers will be reached during the coming season. In the meantime items of timely interest will be distributed upon tne various pnasss or. tne subject. As the Station desires to enter into correspondence with every bee keeper now in North Carolina, each one is cordially requested to send his name and address to Dr. H. B. Battle, Direc tor, Raleigh, N. C. Any items as to the stocks, hives, etc., on hand, and the success or failure heretofore met with, will be gladly received. Doubt lass the correspondence will be mu tually helpful. Produce the variety that is best adapted to your climate, soil and loca tion. Since experimenting produces new thing?, experiment with the differ ent varieties and procure that variety which will do" best with you. One variety may do well in one section and may be entirely worthless in some other section THE DAIEY. THE SIMM N THALER CROSS. Correspondence of the Prograssive Farmer. A chief of Jersey breeders, with a herd three hundred strong, after nearly twenty years' experience, makes the following statement: 4,Ihave had constantly brought to my attention the fact that owing to persistent inbreeding the stamina and health of the Jerseys was on a yearly decline, and from the losses in our herd I found that if I wished to retain my dairy and furnish absolutely pure milk and butter on the lines that we have always us ad, to make each animal pay for the food consumed and the care given, we must do something to put new life in the Jersey cow." Breeders' Gazette, Oct. 9, interview with Have meyer. Thi?, no doubt, is an uncolored state ment of facts. Mr. Havemeyer evi dently has been bound to succeed with his Jerseys. He has imported from their native land, he has bought from the best herds, he has bred from the best strains, he has availed himself of the best appliances and the best mar kets now, without turning from his purpose, he frankly confesses that if he wi3hea to retain his dairy and fur nish absolutely pure milk and butter (by pure he evidently means healthful free from disease germs) he must do something to put new life in the Jersey cow. Had this statement com 3 from some unintelligent breeder, without means or opportunities for success, it would have little weight. Men without abil ity or without sufficient means are liable to fail, whatever breed they may handle. Mr. Havemeyer's failure is not from such causes. He is, no doubt, right in ascribing it to the lack of health and stamina in the Jersey cow a lack of constitutional vigor to re sist climatic influences and to ward off contagious diseases lurking in every section of our country. This is not a matter for rejoicing by those who handle other breeds. Breed ers worthy of their calling wish each other mutual success, and now they wilj wish Mr. Havemeyer success in his new undertaking. He proposes to put new life in the Jerseys by crossing them with Sim menthalers, a breed from Switzerland What are its characteristics? From a report on this breed to our State De partment by Consul Mason, of Bosle, Switzerland, I quote and condense: "A cow exhibited at Lucerne in 1881 at tained a weight of 2,494 pounds, the average weight of thoroughbred cows being about 1 400 pounds, though many chice herds average 1,700 pound3, and cows of I.90O and 2.000 pounds weight are not uncommon." -At Roseck, the insane asylum of Canton Soleuse, I have seen a herd of twenty choice cows, kept by the Cantonal govern ment to s apply the asylum with milk From careful records kept by Superin tendent Marti it appears that these cows average 21 pounds of milk daily or 7.C65 pounds each during the year. This is a maximum record for an entire herd. In the Alps where the grass is savory and richest, 25 pounds of their milk yield a pound of butter; in the valleys the quantity required for the same purpose varies from 28 to 30 pounds. They grow rapidly and are mature in their fourth year, lney are of enormous siz, compactly and clean ly built, and their fljsh is fine-grained, tender and savory. This breed will undoubtedly be a Taluable acquisition to our country, but the wisdom of the DroDOsed crosa is q uestionable. It will be a violent one, especially if such enormous bulls are used. The, impres3ion is ftrons that M Havemeyer might have found breeds nearer hems more suitable for his pur pose. The Ayrshire is a beautiful ani mal of unquestioned health and stamina and the cow gives nearly or quite as much milk as the Simmenthaler, and it i as rich. The Rd Polled, with equal stamina, i3 not behind in any dairy q iality. And last, though not least, the Hohtein-Friesian gives a3 rich milk and more of it. A private letter lies before me from one of the largest breeders in Califor nia. He writes that he has largely crossed the Holstein Friesian on other cattle. Ha says, "I have a half bred Jersey and Holstein, thoroughbred on both sides, which produced 662 pounda butter last year by Babcock test." I have advocated the crossing of breeds for several years, and have made mquiries on the subject. From what information I have been able to gain, and from my own very limited experience, I am led to the tentative conclusion that a cross of medium weight Holstein Friesian bulls with Jersey cows is a success. A cross thus made by me resulted in no difficulty of birth, and the pr duce was a large and very rich milker. I sold her to a large dairyman who has of ten said to me, "She was the best cow I ever owned." I cannot recommend the opposite cross that of Jersey bulls on Holstein-Friesian cows. As breeders say, "It does not seem to be a good nick." I think our agricultural soci eties might confer a boom upon our dairy interests by a liberal offer of premiums for cross bred cattle. S. Hoxie. Yorkville, N. Y. CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERY AS SOCIATION. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Too little attention has been given to this important form of enterprise in this State. It is to be hoped more in terest will be taken in the near future and the? the men who look into thi3 in dustry will take hold of it as they d of corn and tobacco growing and make it a success. Whoever wishes to investigate co operative dairying can have the active help of this Station. He should price apparatus and buildings of several dealers, among whom the following are old and reliable manufacturers of dairy supplies: The Vermont Farm Machine Co. Bellows Falls, Vermont. Mosely & Stoddard, Ratland, Vt. The Cream 3ry Manufacturing Co.r Chicago, Ills. The De Laval Separator Co., 74Cort landtSt., New York City. Cornish, Curtis & Green, Ft Atkin son, Wisconsin. . In general every local association should build its own house, if it cannot more cheaply adapt some convenient building until it gets cows and milk enough to do a good profitable busineEs. It is well within bounds to assure any body of creamery promoters in North Carolina that they can start a creamery on a scale large enough to handle all the milk which can be brought to the factory, for from $1,000 ' to $1,500. The sooner some neat little plants can be established the better, provided they can be supplied with milk with which to operate. Canvass your neighbor hood and get pledges to deliver a given amount of milk daily and make it your business to correspond with what you can get pledged. Do not estimate be yond gallons delivered, and remember to caution your farmer teighbors not to count over 350 gallons of milk per cow per year, each gallon to weigh 81 pounds. F. E. Emery, Agriculturist N. C. Exp't Station. - Now that the cultivated crops are ofT i3 a good time to level down inequali ties of surface that have been made by plowing. In an old cultivated field which has been mostly plo wed around,, much of the best soil has been turned towards the fence. We h&Ye seen fields where the team and scraper could bo better used than the plow, as that will not carry the soil to the lowest places,. as may be done with the scraper. This work cannot be done while the field i3 in eod, and after every hoed crop op portunity should be taken to redeem the faults of previous xnismanaszscnt in plowing. It is reported' that Hilton, Uuzhzz- & Co., the largest rnercaatil? firm in New- York, have- faOed. They ttcio . for eound money.