Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 18, 1896, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
T Largest Circula tioa of any Paper in the South At lantic States. plant Your Ad vertisement in Rich Soil. iLJi t: industrial and educational interests of our people paramount to all other considerations of state policy. Vol. 11. RALEIGH, N. C, FEBRUARY 18, 1896. No. 2 JL-L a El I ci. tt 4 a mm p -IbXVJLOJLlbo TOH NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. President Mann Page, Brandon, Vice-President H. C. Snavely, Leb anon, Pa. Secretary-Treasurer R. A. South worth, Denver, Col. EXECUTIVE BOARD. fl. L. Loucks, Huron, 8. D. ; W. P. Bricker, Pa ; J. F. Wiiletts, Kansas; W. L Peeke, Ga. JUDICIARY. R. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo. B. W. Beck, Alabama. Id. D. Davie, Kentucky. SOimi CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TAT2 ALLI ANCE. President Dr. Cyrus Thompson, Richlahds, J. C. Vice-President J no. Graham, Kidge way, N. O. S-xiretary -Treasurer W- 8- BarnLX8, Hi Isboro, N. C. Lecturer J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, N C Steward-Dr. V. N. Sea well, Villa- novr, N. C. Chaplain Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur ham, M. C. r Door-keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens boro, N. C. T Assistant Door keeper J&3. H.. lyon, Durham, N. C. Sergeaut-at Arms A. 1. h.. v aur.ee, Rutherfor-ton, N. C. ;3tai Business Agent T. Ivey, Hi ls boro, N. C. Tru?teo Business Agency Fund V . A Graham, Machpolah, N. C. XKCTTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH OAUCI.ISA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. A. F. Hileman, Concord, N. C. ; N. C. English, Trinity, N. C. ; James M. Mewborne, Kins od, N. C. 3TAT ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Bndy, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J.F. Harrell, Whiteville, N. C; T. J. Candler, Acton, N. C. Mcrta Carolina Reform Press Association. Officers J. L. Ramsey, President; ilarion Butler, Vice-President ; W. S. Barnes, Secretary, PAPERS. Prcreslve F&nner. State Organ, Ra-leigh, Caucasian, alviizh' Mar"-rv Hickory, Our Home, Beaver Dam, The Populist, Lnmberton, The People's Paper, Charlotte, The Vestibule, w Sonori' The Plow- Ko j- Wadboro. Carina, Watchman. teu L'jury, N.C. N. C. N. C. N. C. N.C. N. C. N. C. N. C. N. C. N. C w Each of the above-named papers are requested to keep the list standing on the first page and add others, provided Key are duly elected. Any paper fail ,TiQ to advocate tlce Ocala platform will b dropped from the list promptly. Our pzovle can now see what papers are riibliafieA in their interest. We believe that our farmers are go ing to carry out the start made toward intensive and diveisified farming. All kinds of fertilizers are good, but none of tbem beats home home fertili zers. See that you have a good manure pen and gave everything. One hardly knows what he will plant this year, prices are so universally de preesed. But fruit aud vegetable grow ing, under favorable conditions, will be favored. North Carolina farmers need to keep up with the modern improvements such as wire fencing, incubators, im proved machinery of all kinds, and blooded stcck. The South must ccme to the conclu sion to grow more of other crops and loss of cotton and the North must turn most of its wheat fields into other lines o! production. When blue grass first began to ap pear in Illinois the question was, how to get rid of it. It often happens that better ways and crops come to our notice by chance. The breakfast food made at the Taco ma, Washington, mill, cut of wheat, is growing in populaiity, and is taking the plaoo of oat meal. We predict that its sale will increase manifold. It ad ruined that more brains are required in successful farming than in an) o.her c-iilmg. Then a i rung man can m-.;l: e a name for himself as a farmer as v. oil as he cm at any other buinc d. Pluck and puh, backed by brains, will ormg sucee-!--.s. Tao f.'.-m-T who has obtained high pric ji ;) -.'.t 50iii'i tunei tcrap'ed in brood i j rt i . t-o young- It i.-i n-.itur-.il that h ; ild to ma!:a it re mum. tlve as jon as po- a'b! bu until fu n are reasonably well do vel-jp d "V :re i;--.t ia a co-id iiiuu to b. prolu-.t-1-J as breeding slock. It w i-T formerly th -light that what ever cvtt'o c juid oVain iu tho fields if thj Lit J id1 1 h .-i3 a el.j-r gaiu to t.-.eir OA-nrr, duj farmers who have sLudieu th.ir b ji.:.e-1 closfly have como to the conclusion that la'.o grazing is an in jury to the gras3 plants, and that frosted miterial is of very little value for feeding. EXPERIMENTS IN IRISH AND SWEET POTATO GROWING Dr. B D. Halsted, State Botanist of New Jersey, in a lecture on the year's experiments with root crops, says: "Using limi at the rate of 300 bushels per acre, corrosive sublimate at the rate of 36 gallons (diluted 1 to l.OOo) with water, also, sulphur at the rate of 300 pounds per acre, and Bordeaux mixture at the same rate as the corro sive sublimate, on Irish potatoes, the result of the experiment proved that the use of the sulphur was the most effectual, leaving but 5 per cent, of scabby potatoes. The Professor recom mended rolling the cut seed, first in the flour of sulphur, and applying the balance in the row. The experin-ents carried on at the station, as well as on the farm of J. H. Denise, of Freehold, on soil badly effected by the scab, both resulted in favor of the sulphur. Those treated with lime being exceptionally scabby, as well as those where nothing was used. Ho also showed the result of experi ment3 made on the farm of G. W. Jes sup, of Cinnaminsou, for the soil rot in the sweet potato, using as high as 1.000 bushels of lime per acre, and eulphur at the rate of 050 pounds per acre, eul phur proving in this case also more tff.'ctual for i he soil rot. The Professor showed by illustration the wonderful result of spraying potato vines with Bordeaux mixture to prevent the blight The result was very marked, the un eprayed plot yielding 00 bushels per acre of inferior tubers, while the sprayed plot ielded 225 bushels of superior potatoes. It is predicted that within a few years all the work of the farm will be done by electricity. Not in a few years. Tug time may come when electricity will play a considerable part in farm ing, but it will take longer than a few years. It is true that it may be utilized for some portion of the power used on the farm in the not very distant future CORN CONTEST. Iu tho contest for tha best dczenears of corn grown on a single acre in 1S95. instituted by B. F. Avery & Sons, of Louisville, Ky., of which notice was given in our columns, the premiums were awarded recently to the following parties in North Carolina: FIVE F.XTI!IE3 Summary for the State: Exhibits generally excellent, being among the best from all the States. Yield of grain high, and very hard. Beautiful straight rows; fine milling corn. One sample had beautiful, big grains, apparently like St. Charles corn of the St. Louis grade. J. H. Barringer, Rowan county, first prize. A. N. BiggerstafT, Lincoln county, second prize. L B. Mucon, Randolph county, third priz3. G.x. Dunham, Guilford county, fourth prize. J. R Williams, Samson county, fifth prize. There eeem3 no limit to tho devices of swindlers. A man has been travel ing through parts of Illinois and Wis conein selling memberships in tho Na tional Butter aLd Cheesemakers' Asso ciation. Ot course, he's a fraud. Why will people be so foolish as to patronize utter strangers who tell a plausible story, and pay them good money ? An old proverb tells of a class of persons who are soon parted from their money. WILD ONIONS. No sooner do the mild day s even of winter come than wo have enquiries as io how to got ril of thess pests. The firt'.t few warm days make them spring out of the ground, and they afford the first bito of green food for the sttck, which eagerly grsz3S upon them. If ibis stock be iniicu cows, we have spoilt miik and buUer, ai d a remedy wanted for the dcrstj uction of the noxious weeds. V-Ye kno of no means of getting rid of th er.ions except by adopting a short r .Ldtti jii of culiiVcit' d ercp- ai d by tho fir.owiii ..if e.nv peas, erimucn clover, or other fi-.i-itLeij.jg crop vben not in a cultiv.i.L.i crop. Ai the onions propa gat--, not only by the roote, but by "top H'-if-thv. kc iatu-r must bo prevented from forming by culling the clover or grain cr.:-p for feed before the top sets form. The instruction of the tops wiii weaken the roots, and eventually kill tbem, even without cultivation of the land, but the process is a slow one. By cultivation, the roots may be exposed to the action of the sun and wind, and thus bo destroyed. If the onions infest a pasture, it is a good practice to turn a flock of sheep on to the field before the cows are allowed to graze. Sheep are fond of onions, and will bite them off close to the ground, and the cows will afterwards prevent their growth to such an extent as to injure the fl ivor of the milk or butter. Southern Planter. TO MAKE THE SOUTH RICH AND PROSPEROUS. The central thought running through out the entire convention of the Ameri can Cotton Growers' Protective Aso ciation, recently held at Memphis, was e miller acreage. Appeal is made to growers for ' co operative action in planting the new crop. In tho report of the committee, of which Hector D. Lino wa-3 chairman, congratulations were expressed that the appeal inude a year ago was so generally responded to, and that the 95 crop made upon the diminished acreage, has had the effect i f greatly increasing the price and beneficing the entire South. It ia pointed out that the latest; crop, though esti mated 3, 100,000 bales short of the crop or 1804, was in tho markets of the world worth more byr neariy 130.000 C00 Tne concensus of opinion among many of the best thinkers interested was that, if the crop ould bo held within the limits of 7,000,000 bales annually for 10 year, the people of the S uthern States would be the richest and most prosperous in the world It was urged that the fight be continued on the linos laid down, restricting the production of the staple; that tho cotton S:ates must bo made self-supporting; that more lind must be put in clover and grasses for hogs to run on, and farm crops more generally diversified in order to attain best results. NEW METHOD WITH IRISH PO TATOES. The secret of the new method of po tato growing is to grow the potatoes before planting and dig the potatoes planted. Sprout the potatoes and raise little potatoes from tho sprouts to plant. To obtain these results the discoverer of thenev method constructed a sprout ing house with double walls filled in with sawdust and sawdust overhead, and double doors. The seed potatoes are put into old barrels and small boxes to ke;p them war ji and make them sprout. The room is kept warm by means of a charcoal fire in a bike oven. The young potatoes will begin to grow, ana in four to six weeks the-y will be the size of peas. The ditc ,-verer tells how he plants in tho following language: "I now knock the barrels or boxes to pieces, and I find a mass of roots and sprouts and myriads of little new pota toes. The numerous roots hold the whole mas3 together, and I load it on handbarrow and have two men carry it d)vn the row while I break off a handful of the mass and drop it on tho bank in the furrow already prepared, as stated. Count the little potatoes on the stems until you can form an idea of how much a handful you must break off. Your hand should not contain more than forty nor less than twenty. "I plant in a water furrow, but leave a narrow balk in the bottom, and upon this I drop tho seed every eighteen inches IV 1 1 of the seed falls on one side of the balk and part on the other, so I have really a double hill. I cover with two furrows. The seed I use is generally the s'ze of Eoglish peas, though they run from the size of a bird's eye, to that of a marble. Of these I drop from twenty to eixty in each hill, and if there is enough rain every one will m3ke a fine potato. It never takes more than seventy five potatoes grown in this way to make a bushel, and often sixty will do it ; but it takes manure to grow them. Aft r rains, I putonl'quid manure in addition to the manure al ready in the soil. The manure governs the yield." It is claimed by the new methoi, po tatoe.3 can be grown in from four to six week-, whii-j the o d m vhod re quires from three to four months. By th3 n 3W method, six crops can be raiseu annually. Of course, tho ground is heavily ferial z.ul.-Tiio Horticultural G leaner. Bioeimd frcrn the agricultural ex ppri'iient stv.ions should constitute vil.iuble addition to th.3 farm library. The husband mm wlio fails to keep well abreast of th3 times as to the com parativo value of the various modes of planting, cultivating, feeding, etc , under the varied conditions which con front him in climate, elevation, soil, moisturo is at a disadvantage. THE DAIRY. HOME DAIRYING. Four PartsPart Tvo. CJorrespondenre of the Progrecslve Farmer. RAISE YOUR OWN COWS. There are at least two reasons why it is better to raise each member of a ber of a herd of dairy cows. One is that a cow is more contented on the fam and with the surroundings where ehe has been reared. The other is the owner has en opportunity from the day the calf is dropped till it is a full fledged cow tg make it gentle. Kind uees is an important stock in trade on a dairy farm, as it is everywhere, for that matter. If you think it is too small business to show kindness to dumb animals and to even pet them, you better stay out of the dairy busi ness if already out, or get out if in it. COMFORT. Aim to make your cows comfortable, happy and contented. To secure com fort for them ia the cold portions of thy year, suitable provisions for shel tering and bedding must be had, and constant and unremitting care and at tenticn must be given to them, and to alt details that can in any way relate to their comfort. FEED AND FEEDING. The suhjsct of feed is one that I need not, and iu fact cannot go into details at this time. Eery farmer should have at least one dairy paper, or one agricultural paper with a dairy depart ment. For in such paper or depart ment will be found from time to time formulas for rations suitable for but ter producing cows. But over and over all such information the farmer wimts to study the appetites of the in dividuals of his herd and tho capacity of each to assimilate food. Then use common sense liberally. MILKING. If tho right kind of stalls are pro vided and proper bedding and enough of it used, tho udders of the cows will be fairly free from obj ctionable mat ter, but what little there may be found on them should ba carefully brushed ttrbefcre putting the pail in place to begin milking. I will not go into all the details of milking, but will say it should be done gently, quietly and quickly. It is bet ter that each cow has the same milker all the time. ANIMAL ODOR. If all the details from the stabling and bedding of the cows to the drawing of the milk has been correctly and carefully attended to, there will be no animal odor. So called animal odor is the cdor of manure nothing more, nothing less. Of it T. H. Hoskins, M. D., wrote sixteen years ago last June in the Rural New Yorker as follows: 'Ventilate your cow stables, keep your cows clean, give them good food and pure water, keep yourself and ycur surroundings clean while hand ling the product, from the udder to the butter tub, and you will never be troubled with the 'animal odor.' An other ghost has been laid, another witch has disappeared." F. W. Moseley. Clinton, Iowa. WORLD'S FAIR DAIRY TEST NO. 4, HEIFERS. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. This test was for a period of 21 days, from Sept. 30 to Oct. 30, 1893, inclusive The original rules provided that it should be for 30 days, and that the value of the products should be ascer tained in the same manner as in Test No. 2 by the churn and analysis of the solids other than butter fat. But inasmuch as these tests had cost the World's Exposition authorities over $73 000 up to that time, Chief Buchanan, on the ground of economy, changed the mode by which the butter was as certained by dispensing with the churn, and having the milk of each cow and of the breedd analyzed in the labora tory by Prof. Farrington, and the fat ascertained by the Babsock oil test. From this fact the butter was esti mated upon the baris of SO per cent, oil in the butter, and tho estimated batter so ascertained was valued ai -io cents per pouad. The solids other them butter fat were valued at $3 per hun dred pounds. The heifers were to be le than three years uid on the fiis's o Sfptemoer, lbte. By the rule?, each breed was liaiix d to not more than ten and not less than five head. The Jerseys en tered seven head, tho Short Horns six, tho Guernseys none. Inasmuch a? the Jerseys had one more head than the Short Horns, it is necessary for com parison to give the averages per head, which were as follows: In milk the Jerseys averaged per head 479 5 lbs , to 430.1 lbs of the Short Horns; daily average for the Jerseys per head, 22 83 lbs. Five of the Jerseys averaged 24.48 lbs. per head per day. The aver age quantity of fat iu milk for the Jer seys was 22 19 lbs. per head, and 1G 31 lb3. per head for the Sbort Horns. Tho estimated butter was Jerseys, 27 75 lbs. per head; Short-Horns, 20 39 lbs. per head. The value of butter was Jerseys, $11 098 per head ; Short-Horns, f 8 158 per head ; or a daily average per head of 52 cents for the Jersey fl and 38 cents for the Short-Horns. The value of products less cost of feed, and with out considering increase in live weight, gives the Jerseys an average net profit of 17 075, and the Short Horn3 5 023, or a daily average per head to the Jer seys of 0 337, and to the Short Horns of $0 239. By the rules, the increase in live weight was credited at 4 cents per pound, and the Short Horns, true to their breed characteristics, cut down the amount of profit very materially, as they gained an average of 3 lbs. per head per day, equal to over 13 cents per head per day, the average value of the Short Horn gain in weight being 12 83 per head, to $0,904 for the Jer seys. Notwithstanding this unprece dented gain, the Jerseys were again victorious, in the quantity of miik, quantity of solids other than butter fat and in the net profit, and were declared to be the winners. WATCH THE MILKER. Mr. J. G. Spicer before the Illinois Dairyman's Association, called atten tion to a very important matter, in saying that the habit of some milkers of keeping the teaisof the cows wet while milking is very far from being commendable. But we find it quite a task some times to remedy the evil with new men who have before prac ticed that way. "Not much," they say, "drips into the pail from the outside." I ask "how much of that would you like in your milk or coffee for break fast?" and that usually ends the argu ment and remedies the evil. If not, better discharge or put the nam at se me other job that has no connection with the production of human food by way of the dairy. Care in the highest sense of the word should be followed by all milkers, that the milk may be absolutely clean and free from bad odors when drawn. The atmosphere in which the milk is kept must be pure. Nothing is more susceptible to bad odors than milk and cream, and when from any cause that has been intro duced into either of them, the flivor most desirable and coneidered by ex pert judges to be 50 per cent, of the real value, is driven out. EASy"TO RAISE. The breeder of draft horses has sev eral compensating advantages. For instance, he has fewer mirfits, his colts will stand rougher treatment, ar d if they should get injured by barb wire or otherwise the depreciation in value thereby is very slight. In addition to this the finer bred colts demand a cer tain amount of breaking, handling, training and fitting bor which the aver age farmer has neither the ability nor the time. While, says a well known horse breeder in speaking of this mat ter, I admit the possibility of an intel ligent breeder getting much higher prices individually for fine roadsters and coachers than he can hope to ob tain for draft horses, I believe that the average farmer, situated as he is, will more generally find it to his best inter ests to stay by the draft horse; and if he raises half a dczen draf c colts in a season they will net him at maturity more money in the aggregate than the same number of roadsters. PREVENTIVE OF DISEASE. Exercise on high ground may miti gate the bog cholera trouble, by in creasing the esttnt of exhalation, so relieving the blood in some degree of tho accumulated poisons. It gular daily exorcise in good s z d pastures, or iu open ground, together with a greatr-r variety and more albumin ons quality of l d , is pre veuti ve t re at msr.t th?.t can exempt swine from the inva sion cf bacteria. Ke-?p the biood of hog sou- d by a healthy rupply of oxygn fiO ii regular exercise an 4 full breathii g, and bacteria or coolra, wJ not fctf-'ct. the hoga, nor vex their ou crs And the only fiure preveativo of lung fevers ia co s, or other cattle, is regular, moderate exercise ia whole some air, thu cooling the circulation, while supplying a healthy proportion of oxygenated biood, that wiil not irri tate the lungs, while such a quality of blood certainly forms sound jtissu, in renewing general growth, or in enlarg ing size in growing cattle or swine. HORTICULTURE RENOVATING OLD APPLE OR CHARDS. The almost universal complaint of apple growers throughout the central, middle and eastern States is that their old orchards seem to have run out; at least, they no longer bear profitable crops. Elaborate investigations hav been made by the Cornell Experiment Station, and many investigations by ISew England's commercial horticul turists, an d they agree in ascribing the trouble largely to exhaustion of soil and lack of cuituro. This matter ha been thoroughly discussed at horticul tural and other meetings the past year and during the present year. All tes timony goes to show that where the land is capable of being plowed, it should be thoroughly worked. Even an old orchard that has long been in grass is benefited rather than injured breaking of roots, which a thorough plowing for the first time accomplishes. This is contrary to the general impression. Even J. II. Halo said to tho Connecti cut Board of Agriculture that he doubted whether it would be best for him to pursue this plan in an old or chard be bad just bought, but J. II. Merriman said he had done just thii with an old orchard. He thoroughly plowed, dressed liberally wTith un reached wood ashes and stable manure, and kept the cultivator going up to July. Result, over 1,100 barrels of choice red Baldwins, sold at good prices, from 17 acres that previously was of little value. All experience goes to show that sod treatment of an apple orchard "is a revival of the time when orchards wero mere incidental accessories to the farm, aEd when the destiny of the apple was the cider barrel " Neglect cf tillage or cultivation is the most universal fault. This tillage should begin early in the season, should be applied to the entire surface, and should be so done as to keep the land in fine and uniform tilth. Prof. Bailey says this tillage should be stopped in late summer or early fall, but the experience of several large and successful commercial or chardists favors stopping culture early in July. If weeds come up after cul ture ceases, mow them for a mulch be fore they have gone to t eed. All au thorities agree that only hoed crops should be grown in the orchard, and only such as can be harvested by mid summer, while it is better not to grow any. Never seed to grass or grain, which occupies the whole land and takes up the moisture the trees so much require. Irrigation is advised where practicable during the Juno drouth, and is the best known antidote for the dropping of fruit duo to an August or September drouth. fruits to Supply a family. The question is often asked, "What shall I plant in order to obtain a full supply of fresh fruit for a family the the year round?'' It is difficult to give a precise list, as in some seasons the crop may be many times greater than mothers; and again, seme will bear abundantly and others will fail in the same season. The following, however, will serve as an approximation : The earliest fruits, about the first of summer, will be strawberries. A selec tion of the mcst productive sorts, well cultivated, will aff ord about one quart a day from each square rod for a month. Three or four square rodi will, therefore, give an abundant sup ply for a family. Four or five hundred plants will be sufficient for this extent of ground. The so will ba followed by by earliest cherries, and by currants, rappberries and gooseberries. Two dczen bushes of each of the four best sorts of currants, the samo number of raspberries, and two dczan of goose berry, will, if well cultivated, furnish an abundant supply. One dozen cherry trees wiil be enough. Two or three doznn bushes of the blackberry will supply a quart a day for some weeks toward the ' lose o' sumrn?r. Apiicote, early eppieg, and early prar-j, and a few of the eariiest p'urn?, will com menee the season of abun Janue vhich, wiJ-h tho later varieties of tb"-:- fruits, wiii last till near winier. Winter ap ples and pears, atd all tho good keerv iv.z, varieties of the grape, will continue tho supply until Hprfr. Loug keeping; eppW, if placed m a good, :ool fruit ruorn or cellar, will continue until the cr mmpn cement of the new supply of strawberries. So Ue last sud rites over the re mains of the Democratic party are to be performed in Chicago. Nothing in appropriate about that. Topeka Advocate.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 18, 1896, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75