Largest CircnU
tion of any Papei
in tee South At
lantic States.
PUnt Yonr Ad
vertisement In
Rich Soil.
THE INDUS iL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
!
Vol. 11.
RALEIGH, N. C, JUNE 16, 1896.
No. 19
Jglf -f
f--
o .
s
t'dH NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLI
ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
President Mann Pago, Brandon,
Va.
Vice-President II. C. Suavely, Leb
anon, Pa.
Secretary-Treasurer R. A. bouth
worth, Denver, Col.
EXECUTIVE LOARI.
B. L. Loucks, Huron, S, D. : W. P.
Brieker, Cogan Station. Pa ; J. F. Wil
letts, Kansas ; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
JUDIOIAET.
3. A. Southworth. Denver, Colo,
vr. Beck, Alabama.
D. Davie, Kentucky.
CT12 CASOLI5A FATBITSS' STATE ALIJ-
President Dr. Cyrus Thompson,
Richlaucls, . C.
Vico- President J no. Grt,nam,Kiago
way, N. C.
&cretary-Trca3urcr W. S. P-araes.
HLlsboro, X. C.
Lecturer J. T. B. Hoover, EiraCity,
1 Steward Dr. V. N. Seawell, Villa
now, N. C.
Chaplain Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur
Lam, N. C.
Door keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens
boro, N. C. r
Assistant Door keeper J&9. jS.. Lyon,
Durham, N. C.
yergeant-at-Aruis A. D. K. Wanace,
ftutherforitou, N. O.
State Business Agent T. Ivey, Hi Is
boro, N. C.
Trustee Business Agency B una v.
A. Graham, Machpelah, N. C.
3XECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF TH3 NORTH
CAROLINA FARMERS STATS ALLIANCE.
A. F. Hileman, Concord, N. C. ; N.
C. English, Trinity, N. C. ; James M.
Mowborne, Kins on, N. C.
STATS ALLIAKCK JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Brady, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr.
J.F. Harrell, Whitville, N. C; T. J.
Candler, Acton, N. C.
eit Carolina Reform Press Association.
Officers J. L. Ramsey, President;
barton Butler, Vice-President ; W. S.
Smc3, Secretary,
PAFERS.
rr3T3lve Farmer, State Organ, RJrie. N. C.
Caucasian, w o
M. nrv Hickory, . C.
?y' Wfcit&kers, N. C5.
Our Home. Ber Dam. N. C.
The Populist, LRlbe,rt?J1'
The People's Paper. Charlotte, . C.
The 1-Iow- Hoy. Waaes.mro, N. C.
Carolina Watchman. ba.isbury, C.
if&ch. of trie above-named papers are
iVQuisteato keep the list standing on
he first page and add others, provided
they are diuy elected. Any paper fail
rQ io advocate the Ocala platform will
is dropped from the list promptly. Our
pzcple can now see tvhat papers are
hlithed in iheir interest.
AGKICULTUEE.
Raising all, or as near as possible, ail
your home supplies on the farm, is the
forerunner of succS3.
By planting or sowing corn in drills
three feet apart now you can raise a
lot of good stuff for wiuter forage.
In planning out the home garden,
the great point is to keep the crops in
rotation so that something can be had
for the table almost every day until
the ground freezes.
Sslect from the earliest hatch? d
broods the most forward and promising
pullets for fall and winter layers, and
send the ret to the market as soon as
ever they are ready. They trill pay
better now than to keep and wait for
higher prices later in thv season.
For the Southern farmer or planter
the mu'e ii indispensable. Unfortu
nately, in the past, the planter hae
raised too few mules, depending almost
entirely upon the markets to supply
hira. He is beginning to understand,
however, that he can raise good mules
a great deal cheaper than he can buy
them, and every year eees more 4 home
grown muks on Southern farm?.
When the hens are slow to lay, one
of the best invigorators is a mets of
lein meat twice or three tims a week.
About an ounce f .r each hen i3 sufii
cient at a meal. Milk, fresh mixed
with ground oats and bran, is another
excellent mixture for inducing the hens
to lay, and clover hay. chopped fine,
scalded and sprinkled v; ith bren, affords
an agreeable charge that stldocn fails
to give good re&ultd. Aim to give the
hens a variety, and they will seldom
fail to lay.
Hawks are troublesome to poulterers
in many neighborhoods, pouncing
down upon young chickens and carry
ing them off before the watchful hen
can call them to a place of safety. The
hatit of the hawk is always to tako a
rest before he swoops down. If a stout
post 10 to 12 feet high and its top flit
tened is set near the poultry yard the
hawk will use this as his resting place.
Fasten a trap to the top of this post
with a stout cord, and set it on the top
where the feet of the hawk will spring
it as soon as he alights. This is an
easy way to kill the worst enemy the
poultry raiser in many localities has.
INCREASING HAY YIELD.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer,
It is an astonishing tac-j that the ma
jority of Southern farmers spend at
least three months out of every twelve
killing their very best friend in their
efforts to get rid of the natural growth
of crab grasa thj.t grows so luxuriant
all through the South on all woil-culti-vated
and fertilized land.
It is trite faying that it takes brains
to run a farm, and scmo men who are
farmers are totally uneuited to their
calling, and others if suited are so
hedged around with old notions and
pnjidiees that they will never leave
the old ruts and system that were in
vogue sixty or more years ago. The
majority of farmers wo.k very burd
and accomplish fcll that they think it
p09!i;.-lo to do in a certain time and
during tho season at their disposal, but
if with this h.rd work they aro unsys
temalic they are simply throwing away
so much time and energy. This fact
will bo very forcibly impressed on any
one travelling through some spcUols
of cur Southern State in the fall of tho
year on seeing so much valuable hay
left to rot in the fields, when it might
havo been savd and used to adve.n
tase either for market or feeding at
homo. I am s ife in saying that in tbis
county (Walton) alone last fall there
were ten thousand tons of good crab
grass hay loft iu the fields to decay and
rot all for a httle push and energy to
cut it and cure it, and ail through the
winter months cattle aro roaming the
woods in a state of eemi starvation be
longing to these very farmers that
owned those fields and eilher through
shiftiessness or lazinrs?, (or perhaps
b:th) they would not uso what nature
so liberally bestowed cn them.
On visiting the various country stores
one is impressed with tho fact that all
bay for sale is baled timothy shipped
in from the North or "West; once in a
while cno comes across a b3le of crab
grass hay, but it is very seldom indeed.
Now this crab grass hay i3 one of the
mcst valuable products of the Southern
farm, and being aa aunual tha yield of
it i3 vf ry much increased by judicious
fertilizing, it grows spontaneous and
tbe better the previous cultivation the
heavier the growth of it. We never
have it on new land, but after the see
ond year's cultivation it ia sure to come
to the front; ic makes far superior hay
to timothy, and stoek that are used to
it will not eat any other kind of hay as
long cs they can get it, and every
farmer in tho South can have all of it
ho wants if ho retains his erf p in a
judicious manner, and the best of it is
that it will grow after another crop has
be?n taken off. I always get a good
crop cf it every year after my corn
crop i3 harvested. This is done by level
ing the land by means of a V shaped
harrow at the last working of the corn
at,d cutting the corn stalks eks3 to the
ground with a very sharp hoe. If tbe
corn he.s been well fertibzad, particular
ly with potash, the hay don't require
any more fertilizing but if not, a hun
dred pounds of cotton teed meal and
four hundred pounds cf kainit at the
lust working of the corn will prove a
good investment, if the season is favor
able. I can some times cut tro crops
of hay from tho corn field before cold
weather, thus making three crops in
one year c ff the same land. Cut stub
ble plowed under and kainit broad
casted at the time of plowing has al
ways given me a very satisfactory
crop and often two crops. I always
get a good crop of hay from my early
tcmato patch, some times two cuttings
and eft n three, and after the straw
berries are through bearing, we have
got to let the grass grov on the bed to
protect the plants from our hot sum
mer Southern sun and it has always
given me two cuttings and some times
three, and I might go on indf finitely
repeating tbe same thing, but I have
always noticed that the crops that got
the most potash always gave me the
best crop of crop of crab grass hay. In
my orchard, I always cut two cr three
times the grass that grows so luxuriant
and the years that the crop of fruit is
light are the years that the crop of hay
is best and potash gets in its best work
in the orchard. The general rule with
the orchard is to keep it well cultivated
up to within a few weeks of tho fruit
ripening ai.d at the last cultivation
scatter cotton seed meal and work it in
the soil for hay, but lately I have be3n
using kainit as well, and I find a great
improvement, both in quantity and
quality. I use about four hundred
pounds of kainit per acre as a general
rule, some times more and some times
less, according to previous fertilizing
and general state of tho soiL Now the
question is often debated among my
neighbors as to the cropping of hay im
poverishing the soil; the Southern
farmer believes in letting it rot where
it grew. I believe in cutting it, and by
so doing I improve the quality of tbe
soil ; because the stubble growth it
afterwards makes has fifty roots for
the one it previously had, and by
ploving under this stubble, roots and
all in tho fali of the year after all growth
ceases, I improve my land a great deal
more than the man who allows his hay
to rot where it lies, and plows his land
in the spring jast in time to get his
spring crop, and I have hay for
stock all the year rouod and they ac
fat and sleek, whereat? his roaming the
woods and in tho winter are nothing
but skin and bone
I could go on for quite a while on
thi3 boy question, but enough for the
present. Will come back to it agiw
soon, as it is a very important one, and
we are now at the season of the year
when we ought to be preparing for it
C. K. M.Quarrie
De Funiak Springs, Fla.
Keep the chicken coops free from lice
by frequently washing thetn with kerc
sene or lime wash and put a drop of
s arret oil cn the heads of the little chicks
once a week. A little sulphur fed in
sofc food once or twice a week is an ex
ctlknt means of keeping down lice on
hens aDd chickens.
THE TIME fO SOW BUCKWHEAT.
In many places buckwheat is largely
grown on land that is too wet to be got
iuto condition for other crops, because
it is one that wili succeed better with
late seeding than will any other. The
rule upod to bo to sow on or about the
fourth of July, aa this late seeding de
layed blossoming and filling until
cooler weatbtr, and thus lessened the
danger of the blcssom blasting without
filling. There is always a crop of early
buckwheat from eeed th'it was scat
tered in the harvest tho previous year.
But we never knew this early sown
buckwheat to fill, except a piece that
grew in an orchard whern tho tree
shude doubtless prevented tho crop
blasting, as it would in July if filling
then exposed to the sun. But the crop,
even in the orchard, hardly paid for
gathering, as the plants were checked
by the draw of moisture from the
ground by the trees, and were both
small and thin on the surface But
though buckwheat should not be sown
until about the first of July, it is best
to have the ground plowed two, three
or more weeks before that time, so that
the eeed when sown may have an even
start ani rapid growth. Much un
drained clay land is every year sown
with buckwheat, because the ground
cannot be got ready for any earlier
crop.
SUPPLEMENTARY CROPS.
I have some times thought that al
most every farmer succeeds well along
tho line of his standard crops when
seasons are good or prices are right,
but when the unexpected happens only
the few who are al ays alert aud wide
awake are prepared for tbe emergency.
Tho winter may have been a little
longer than e pected, grass a little late
in coming so there was doubiless a
shrinkage in weight of stock and pos
sibly entire loss. This seriously t fleets
the profits of the year's farming. But
this is in the past id the thing to do
now is to provide against a quice com
mon Iofs that occur3 in mia-summer,
tho ' dry spell" of the year, for it is
pretty sure to come.
Thetxtremo dry weather in the in
terior last year will undoubtedly have
its effect on meadows and pastures this
year and there will be a shortage.
Thero are many crops that can be
sown or planted that will make extra
feed to cut off, to supplement the pas
tures for a few weeks and thus save
loss Common corn, sweet corn, millet,
turnips, pumpkins, and others fill up
the season, but we think noshing so
goodassomeof thesorghums. Abusbel
of the common sorghum seed sown
broadcast cr drilled on acre of ground
would be as good an investment in this
way as we could suggest. The Kbflir
corns are splendid for tbis purpose,
either planted with four to s'x times as
many stalks as you would of corn, but
not so many more in a hill, but have
the rows closer together and the stalks
closer in the row, or you can sow it
broadcast one half to thieo-fourths of
a bushel per acre.
W. E Hutchinson, of Kansas, gives
my opinion exactly when he says:
"Those who have tried it one year like
it; those who have tried it two years
praise it. and those who have tried it
three to five years pity your ignorance
if you have never found out ab.ut is."
Five pounds will plant an acre.
J. M Rick.
Win view, Okla.
WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL
LETIN
For the Week Ending Saturday, June 6,
1896.
Central Office, Raleigh, N. C.
The reports of correspondents of the
Weekly Crop Bulletin, is-ued by the
North Carolina Station, for the week
ending Saturday, June 6ih, 1893, in
dicate in general fair progress in the
growth of crops and in harvesting.
The temperature was below the normal
every day, exoepiirg Sunday (Tvlay
3l3i) and Saturday (June 0:1), bat the
deficiency was not excessive and d d
little darnego, except to retard growth
)f cotton and cause a little yellowing.
The rainfall was considerably above
normal, and, though too much rain oc
curred at many places, yet the thorough
breaking of the drought almost every
where throughout tbe State compen
sates for any osher dieadvantagee.
There was less than half the normal
amount of suns&iae.
Eastern District. The past week
baa been cool and cloudy, with fre
q::ent rains, setting in fair and warmer
on Saturday. It is still dry over lim
ited portioLS of the middle coasr, but
in general, ample rains have fallen ever
tbe d strict this week. In tbe north,
from Halifax eastward to Chowan, and
especially over Gtes county, there
was too much rain, causing corn to
'urn yellow and drowning some on
lowiauds, betides making cropa very
gr&sy and preventirg faim work. In
the south gentle rains were just suited
for growth of crops, which progrc s ed
rapidly here and are clean. Corn gen
erally is fiae, much of it in silk and
tas el, and being laid by. Cotton in
south 1 oks well and clean, good stand,
first forms reported June 2d ; in north
it is not so good on account of cool
weather. Lico reported on cotton in
several places. Transplanting tobacco
over, crop growing well, but worms
have appeared in abundance. Farm
ers almont through netting sweet pota
toes. Shipments of Irish potatoes and
botns prooppdinp;. Irish potato crop
eraily poor; fine tops but no tuberp.
Cutting wheat and planting field peas
now in order. Blackberries and huckle
berries now in market.
Central District Cool and cloudy
weather prevailed, with plenty of rain
and dwficiency of sunshine until Satur
day. Over moat of the district the
rain fall was gentle and beneficial, but
heavy rains washed lands in a few
counties (chkfly Guilford and Rin
dolpl). Graas is increasing among
crops and farmers are getting behind
with their work, but a week of fair
weather will remedy this state of
off lira. Corn is extra promising, and
is being laid by slowly. Harvesting
wheat is in full blast, with crop short
but heads well filled ; some fields were
tangled by rain and wiad, and seme
damage by chinch bugs still reported.
Oits apparently not so bad as expected,
and spring oats improved during past
two weeks. The greater part of the
cotton crcp continues in good condition,
ato it all chopped, and forming pq a es
in suth; on light, thin lands cool nights
cau3ed a litt'e yellowing Lice reported
at many places. Tobacco nearly all
transplanted, except where drought
prevented (Forsyth county), where set
ting id progressing, crcp growing well.
Irish potatoes poor. Sowing peas on
stubble lard.
Western District. Fine rairs oc
curred on the 3i and 4ch, breaking tbe
drought almost everywhere, and great
ly benefiting all crops. Oats were im
proved by tho showers though much
of the crop has been injured beyond
recovery by the drought. Corn and
cotton aro doing finely since the rair s
It was a fine season ou tobacco plants
recently set out, and also on potato
slips. Rain assisted greatly in bring
ing up late planted cotbon. Peas are
being planted in fields now. Grapes
are generally reported as doicg nicely.
Harvesting of wheat was the chief
work of the week ; crop ehort, but grain
good. R-iin stopped work, but crops
not suffering for want of cultivation.
HOW TO MEASURE LAND.
Make a light and straight pole six
teen and a half feet in length, and mark
feet and a half feet on one eide, and on
the opposite side divide the sixteen and
a half feet into spaces representing the
length of links in the chain of a sur
veyor, says a good authority. A sur
veyor's chain is sixty 6ix feet in length,
containing 100 links. Hence, a pole
sixteen and a half feet long would be
fqual to twenty five links. A link is
7.92 inches in length. With dividers
one can indicate twenty five equal
spaces or links on one side of the pole
ia a few minutes. Let the ple be oiled
or painted, end be kept under shelter
where it will not spring by being ex
posed to alternate rain and sunshine.
Now, in order to measure an acre of
land, multiply the number of rods (or
the l?nths cf tie pol) on one side of
th plot by the number of rods on the
end of the plot, and divide the product
by 1G0, the number of fquare rods in
one acre. For example: A plot eighty
rods long and two reds wide will make
one acre. A plot forty rods long and
four rods wide is equal to an acre. A
plod twenty rods long by eight rods
wide wili embrace 16) square rod,
equal to one acre. A plot twelve ana
half rods on each side, if the lines run
at right angles, wili embrace (approxi
mately) a fquare, or 156 rquare rods.
When a plot ia not lined out at right
angle?, it (the fquare ploO will not em
brace as much ground, although the
length and width are the same as there
is in the rquare plot. A fourth of an
acre, or even a tenth part of an acre
may be lined out with the angles so
acute as to measure as many lineal feet
as the length and fide cf a fquare acre
One can make a rude fquare of two
pie ces of lath that will enable him to
line out land at a right angle, unless it
is important to proceed with the accu
racy cf a surveyor, indicated by his
compass. Massachusetts Ploughman,
CHEAT.
We hear much complaint of cheat in
winter oats. This is always the case
when the crop is killed out by the win
i ter f rost8. Do not blame the se ed oats.
Neither oats nor wheat ever turn to
cheat or chess. The cheat seed was in
the land or has been sown there with
some crop at some time and only
wanted a favorable opportunity toger
minate and grow. This is &ffrdedit
by the killing out of the oats and wheat,
and it now af ssrts itself. It is as dis
tinct botanically from oats and wheat
as are the other grasses from the same
grain. Cut the crop down whenever
it appears before it seeds, or it will at
some future time again assert its right
to grow and plague you. Southern
Planter.
GRASS FOR PIGS.
Exercise, good air, and fuasbice
play a much greater part in pig rais
ing than most people commonly sup
pose. It ia for this reason that the
western practice of relying quite large
ly on gr& zing for the nourishment of
swine is so successful, says Farm News.
This has never been so clearly dem
onsLrated as by a series of pig feeding
tests extending over four years, made
by Mr. A. A. Mills, of Utah. We give
the results below :
I. Pigs allowed to run at large over
eighteen acres of good pasture and fed
a full ration of grain made the most
rapid growth end required the least
grain for one pound cf gain.
2 Pigs confined in movable pens in
the pasture grew more slowly than
those lunning loose, and required an
iccrea&e of twenty per cent, of grain
to make one pound of growth.
3 Pigs at pasture, fed under three
different conditions, gained 92 5 per
cent, more and ate but two per cent,
more than the p'gs getting grass and
otherwise similarly Ted, but confined
ia pens. The grain rf quired to produce
one pound of gain was increased forty
per cent, with those in pens over those
in pasture.
4 Pigs fed but part rations of grain
at pasture made satisfactory gain?.
Those at pasture getting the three
fourths grain ration gained more than
those fed a full grain ration and grass,
either in the yards or in the pecs.
5 Pigs pastured without grain made
about the same growth for three sea
sons in succession, this averaging .36
of a pound per day.
6. As nearly as can be judged, exercise
alone increased the gain 22 per cent,
and the amount eaten but 1 5 per cent 7
but decreased the amount required for
one pound gain 22 per cent.
7. Grass when cut and fed green to
pigs, whether fed in pens or yards, or
with full or part grain ration, or with
out graiD, proved to be of very little
value.
8 Pigs confined in pens and fed on
grass alone, mostly lucerne, for 91 days,
loPt over a quarter of a pound per day.
9 The average of the pigs fed on
grass gained a little more than those
without the grass, but net enough to
pay for the extra feed in the grass.
10. With the pfge cot fined in tbe
hog-houee pens, the grass proved bene
ficial, while with those in the yard it
proved detrimental, the latter requir
ing more grain to make a pound of
pork with the grass than without it.
II. Pasturing either with full or with
part grain rations appeared to be by
far the cheapest and best way of mak
ing pork.
THE DAIKY,
BUT 1 ER PRODUCTION.
Corrf-t-pomlence of The Progressive Farme.
For a good many years there has
been a tendency towards tbe factory or
creamery system of butter makiEg
that the belief has become quite com
mon that more butter was being pro
duced in this country that wcy than
on farms. But the folio ing from
".Statistics or the Dairy" by Htnry E.
Mvord. Chief of ihe Dairy Division,
gives informtK.n e the subject that
will surprise many. It ia as follows:
"The most role worthy fact in con
nection with the production of butter
on farms is that, notwi hf tardtng the
greftt extension of the creamery sys
tem and the deeJiae in the amount of
butter annually exported, such predic
tion has increated even more rapidly
than population. To go back to the
census of 1850, it is found that the total
production of butter on farms in 1849
was 313,345 306 pounds, or 13 51 pounds
per capita of population. In 1860 the
amount reported war- 459 681,872 pounds
or 14.92 pounds per capita. In 1870
the amount reported was 514,092 663
peunde, which give an averuge of only
13 33 pounds for each inhabitant. Up
to this time there had been no cream
ery butter reported, but in 1880 the
production of farm butter averaged
15 50 pounds for each inhabitant, and
that of creamery butter 0 53 pounds
for each inhabitant, the total average
being thus 16 08 pounds. At the
eleventh cenf us, however, the produc
tion of butter farms on atone averaged
16 38 pounds per capita cf the popula
tion, and such had been the increase
in the production of butter in creamer
ies that the total production of butter
averaged no lesf than 19 25 pounds per
unit of the population."
A further reading of Maj. Alvord'a
report shows that iu 39 States aud Ter
ritories, coEsidering the two Dakotas
as one State for the convenience of
comparison with the statistics of 1879,
there has been an increase in the pro
duction of farm dairy butter. As a
rule the increase has been greatest in
the Slates where the greatest extension
of the creamery system has taken
place, including such States as Wiscon
sin, Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska.
With the above facts before us it
will not do to ignore the farm dairy
butter interest. It will be seen that
the eleventh census shows that more
than five and one-half times more but
ter is.made in farm dairies in this
country than in factories or public
creameries. Is not the farm dairy in
terest worth lot king after, and will it
not pay to do all that can be done to
improve the quality of farm dairy but
ter produced ? The writer's answer is,
yes. He believes that wil! be the an
swer of many. Again is it not high
time that dairy farmers should or
ganize ?
F. W. Mgs&ley.
Clinton, Iowa.
I&SPURIIIfeS IN MILK.
The processes of manufacturing but
ter from milk have parsed through a
wonderful development in recent years.
There is no doubt that the separator
removes some impurities from cream
that other processes of skimming milk
would not. The cream from the sepa
rator is consequently that much cleaner
and nearer free from dirt, which may
be the origin of fermentations that will
develop a bad quality in butter. This
quality of the separator is no excuse for
carele8snes3 in handling the milk which
is to be skimmed by it. Dirt does not
belorg in milk, says a writer, and
though the peparator may be able to
remove a part, it cannot be depended
on by the milk producer to annihilate
all the defects with which milk may be
inoculated by impurities.
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT.
One of my mistakes in dairying is
that I have been keeping some poor
cows. I have been figuring on the dif
ference in profit between a good cow
and a poor one, and I find that a good
one is cheaper at $100 than a poor oce
as a gift, provided I must keep each
for four years. This is the way I figure
it : The good one will make 300 pound3
of butter in a year, which, at 25 cents,
would amount to $75. DuriDg this
time she will consume about $40 worth
of feed, leaving a profit of $135, or $140
in four yearp. On the other band, the
poor cow will make 160 pounds of but
ter, which, at the same price, would
amount to $40. She will consume, say,
$35 worth of feed, leaving a profit of
$15, or $20 in four years. The difference
between $20 and $140 is $120, in favor
of the good cow. I will certainly have
to give the P. F. credit for making me
think of this, and hereafter when I get
a poor cow I shall sell her for as much
as I can get, but sell her I will, and
quickly, too. George H. Brown, in
Practical Farmer.
J