North Carolina Newspapers

"The Progres sive Farmer is a good paper far above the average- -and possibly tne best advertis- j: M D0 A n ID "P Q Q TW. d all If ii iPJk Ikl I w H i "The Progres sive Farmer is a good paper far above the average- -and possibly tne best advertis ing mecium in N. C." Printers' Ink. mz meuiuui iu V. rl I 1- Printers' Ink. THE INDUSTRIAL ' 1 f iDUCATIOXAL INTERESTS OF OUK PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDER ! JNS OF STATE POLICY. Vol. 11. RALEIGH, N. C, JULY 28, 1896. No. 25 ( i i S3 k n 4 i N A Ihf f I l- raa national farmers' alli ance AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. President Mann Page, Brandon, Va Vico-Presiicnt H. C. Snavcly, Lob :Vr'rfr.ary-Trcasurer R. A. bouth wortb. Denver, Col. EXECUTIVE BOARD. 7. L. Loucka. Huron, S. D. ; W. P. r.r.; v :?r, Cogan Stat ion. Pa. ; J. F. Wii kits, aauaas; W. L Peeke, Ga. JUDICIARY. r A. ooutlivrrth, Denver, Colo, ro. v.'. Ivcck, Alabama. V l). Davio, Kentucky. CASOUSA FARMERS' ei'ATX ALLI ANCE. President Dr. Cyrua Thompson, L?ichla::ds, C. V:ce-President Jno.Grabam.Rwgo 7ay. N. C. T 0 gW!retiiry-TreAsu:ef W. S. Barriee, Fliilsbcro, N. O. lecturer J. T. B. Hoover, Urn City, .t reward Dr. V. N. Soawcll, Villa " Chaplain Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur h:ra. N. C. m Door -keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens- ji.vo. N. C. -'?tant Door-keeper Jaa. E. Lyon, - -vu N. C. 8 Vrant-at -Arms A. D. K. Wallace, R-i;Vrforitoo, In. C. r-: Busiueas Agent T. Ivey, Hi Is- 'Jcuateo Business Agency Funu W. A. uriiam. Machp ian, N. C. riZCUTIVE COMMITTEE OF TDK NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. A. F. Hileman, Concord, N. C. ; N. C. English, Trinity, N. C. ; James M. ilew borne, Kins on, N. C. 1TAT5 ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTKK. John Brady. Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J.b Uarrell, Whiteville, N. C. ; T. J. Cniicr. Acton. N. C. m-n'z Carolina Reform Press Association. r.T.cer8J. L. Ramsey, President; Priori Butler, Vice-President ; TV'. S. raaes, Secretary, PAPERS. r?ir?s!ve Farmer, State Orjtn, Raleigh, N. C. m.".--.is.Ti Raleigh, . C iTrrt-u'-y. Hickory, .C. a'a- Whitftkers, N. C. Our Heme. Braver Dam, ;. C. The Poi"r.ll'at, iumterton, . C. The People's Paper, Charlotte, N. C. The Vestibule, . Concord, N. C. The Plow-Boy. alt-soro, N. C. Carolina Watchman. lsbury. . C. IZcch qV tKr: above-nanhsd papers are z-.i'ieitea io keep the lt standing on i'-sa f'-rit vage and add others, provided are duly elected. Any paper fail to advocate the Ocala platform will 'dropped from the list promptly. Our 5n-oie can noio see what p-iprs are biighed in their interest. A-CKRICTJIVrTJIlE. Tne reat needs of the farmer's gar den are more fruit and vegetables, and choice kinds. Health, a happy homo, indr en acreo, character these are among the pnzc-a which the farm offers. Your farm vill owe you a living wfcen you havo brought it into a pro ductive condition, and not before. The 3 'J pounds a year butter cow is :v: the dairy business nfeds. If a podiirne cornea with her, so much the better. i s; successful irrigation can be done wuh a windmill, a well and a reservoir, b it the well must be a very good one. Ail dvp;nds upon the well. After haying is the time to mow the cpi? and briars around the yard. A hitie l iter, and they will go to seed and m:.ke trouble for next year. T.k; ?omc pride in the front yard. Call i: u lawn, clear eff the bushes and r-ibbi-b, seed the bare places, mow it cften and you will be surprised at the charge. If the past season has taught you anything abcut farming we should bo g'ad to hear about it. Write us the mam points, if only a few lines, and wo will do the rest. iv2 prospect of low prices can bo off Bet by re&eing the output from the rm, in the particular direction in whlch 5"ou and your form can produce to best advantage. ine 'argppt market is not always the )'J3C cae- 'r an average grade of pro 'cq the consumers in a small town wiH often pay better prices than can obtam -d mcity markets. Bat un gual products, or those of fancy qual- KJ fiad a Paying demmd only in large places. Vhcn trying to ornament the front yard, do not Beek for odd tffocts. Na ture hates loud colors and lack of har ay. Do not plant the recks, nor edKe the walks with shells, nor hang UP red kettles on blue poles. The time expended in preparing such freaks as these would be better spent in makiDg nd keeping a good lawn and neat alks. WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BULLETIN For the Week Ending Saturday, July 18, 1896. Central Office, Raleigh, N. C. The reports of correspondents of the Weekly Crop Bulletin, issued by the North Carolina Climate and Crop Ser vice, for the week ending Saturday, July IS h, irdioata a more favor able week and fairly satisfactory pro gress in the growth of crops. The tern perature was above the normal from Sunday toTuursday, with several very warm days, but dropped below the normal with northeast wiads Friday and Saturday. Rains wero frequent, but generally small in amount, and generally not needed. Tnere was more sunsbino the first portion and farmers had s nn chance to clean crops. Oa the whole, though the d image to low land crops last week by oveiflv.v was very great, they havo recovered to some extent. General prospects still excellent. Eastern District. The first part of the week was generally fair and quite warm, but the temperature dropped rapidly Thursday night, and Friday and Saturday were q lite cool, with northeast wind. The rain fall, though moderate th s week, was not needed and generally inj iricus in east and north portions. In central and south portions conditions were more favor able. Farm work made some progress early in the week, but was stopped agaiu Taursday. Cotton is growing too rapidly ; 13 large but apparently fruiting well. Much sheddmgreportad, but majority of crop very fine. Some cotton is badly in grass, and in north portion much was completely drowned cut by rains lass week. Corn is still a fair crop. Large q rantities of lowland corn, especially along Roanoke and Cape Fear rivers, found to have been desiroy ed by fresheta. Curing tobacco progressing; much damage by excels ive rain, which is Ciusing second growth. Sweet potatoes large enough for family use; peanuts spreading nicely; melons very plentiful; grapes ripening rapidly with large crop; some rotting. Central District Much better weather has prevailed this week; early part was fair with abundant sunshine and some very warm dayp; was favor able for farm work, buc ic was too cool Friday and Saturday. The rai fall this week was smaller in amount but not needed. Heavy local rain and wind etorm on the lG .h in Johnston county damaged crops. Upland corn locks well, but lowland so drowned out that it is inclined to droop with poor color; still it will make something of a crop. Cotton is growing too much to weed, but is fruiting well, with favor able season will mike a large crop. Tobacco has improved this week; cur ing progressing slowly; was apparent ly much injured by last week's rains, which caused leaves to rot eff ; flea bugs have appeared. Spring oats were badly damaged. Tomatoes are ripening. Some Irish potatoes, cabbage, toma toes and cellars rotting. Rain caused blackberries to drop iff, shortening crop. Western District. The weather waa warmer the first portion of the week, followed by cloudy and cooler weather Friday and Saturday. Rains were frequent, though not largo in amount, and were not needed; still crops made rapid growth and havo recovered to some extent from evil effects of flooding last week. Cotton in general is growing and blooming well; has very large weed ; some cotton is damaged by wet, and squares and young bolls are falling off; a largeyicld may Etill be expected. Corn on bottom lands suffered most last week, but etill there is prospect for a good corn crop if weather will give farmers chance to plow it; much of it i3 straightening up. Corn on upland is excellent. 8mall grains, especially fpring oats, were badly damaged, suffered again by rains this week. A period of fair weather is needed to enable farmers to give their crops the last cleaning up, APPLYING TOBACCO DUST. Tobacco dust is a most excellent in secticida, and, as often stated, we use it freely and with most satisfactory effect for many of cur insect enemies. For some of these, for instance, the yellow cucumber beetle, it proves fully effective only when used in large doses. A mere sprinkling may help to keep bugs off when they are not very hungry; but when there are a good many of them, and only a few cucum ber hills, we have to almost hide the plants from view by covering them with tho dust, iu order to put them on an absolute safe footing. Usually a good handful thrown among the plants in a hill, po that the ground will bo weli covered, proves fii jient ia keeping the plan-3 from harm. Softer bodied ene mies, fcuch aa caterpillars and some maggots, are so seatitivo to the to bac.;o duet treatment, that by a mere sprinkling or dusting we can clear bushes and plants from them within a very short; lime; in fac;, "while we wait " Tne caterpillars cn trees or shrub?, including the green worm on currant and gooseberry bushes, give up the ghost; within a short tim, say an hour or eo, after being touched by the tobacco. Heretofore we have ap plied this material either wizh the baud, throwing ic with a scattering motion witri th -j wiiid into t Ue plants or bushes ; on s;me oceabions we i-avu dus'e d it ty means o? one of the cheap, small pow der bellows which can bo found atftd and hardware stores, and cost from 10 cents to t wenty five cents apiece. Wiiere one has but a few plants and bushes to go over, these small hand bellows wi'i auawcr well enough. It is but; little trouble to treat a ow hundred heads of cabbages in this way for the cabbage worm. We use these bellows, too, for dusting sitting hens, cr hens with little chicks, with tobacco 6ut, in order to rid them of lice. But for larger opera tions, such as apply iog the dust to cur rant and gooseberry bushes, in larger patches, or lime for slugs on peavines, or into trees, we would prefer to have a larger sized and more powerful bel lows. Tne only question is, which one of those that are now being advertis d is the most satiffactory to use? It is a q lestion wo will havo to decide be fore long, for the tendency of tho times seems to bo to substitute dry powders for the fungicidal liquids now generally used. I proposo to investigate. FARM HINTS. Deep eoile are best. Wecdc li :d mischief for idio land. Pear blight, quince blight and apple twig blight is best remedied by cutting eight or ten inches below the off. etc d part and burning. Weeds and 11 )wers make a very bad combination in the flower b d If you mutt grow weeds, better grow them in the potato patch. Tne cauliflower deserves more atten tion than it gets on the farm. Enough for use can be easily grown and the quality is away aheid of the cabbage. Salsify hes no destructive enemies, it is as easily raised as most root crops, while tho consumption of ic has to steadily increased that acres are raised and marketed to day where only a few rows could bo profitably grown a few years ago. To grow good onions from sots, plant them in good soil, ia rows seven inches apart and three inches in the drill, and then cover them with one to li inches of well rotted cow manure. Y m may have to pull out a few weeds, but bj yend that they need no attention. CRIMSON CLOVER. If red clover had been on trial the last two years, when severe drought has been so general, the verdict of a mejrityof farm r? would havo been that it was not adapted to fid a place in our crop rotations. Failure of red clover has been very general over large areas, due to the lack of moisture in tho soil But we know that red clover is most valuable, and that the cause of failure is not attributable to the plant, but to the so'l. Crimson clover has been on trial during this droughty period, and there seems to be nine failures to one success, but some of th se failures are directly attributable to the lack of moisture. I am sure that another gen eral trial of this new clover should be made, and now that the deficiency in rain tail is being rapidly made up, it is probable that a seeding this summer will give a fair test of the value of tnis plant. Droughts have prevented fall growth, and the plants have not got ten well rooted. With plenty of rain, all this will be changed. The plants can make good growth before winter, aEd then the question of hardiness can be determined. The telegraph monopoly must find an advantage in giving free telegraph ing to every Sanator and member of Congress who will accept such favors. If these gifts did not pay the monopo lies, would they not have been discon tinued long since? The same can be said of the railroad passes showered on Congressmen and members of the legislature for a purpose. POULTRY YABD FEEDING FOR EGGS. Hons should not bz fed at all seasons a;ike neither will the same methods answer equally well for all breeds. Soma of the smaller breeds e.re nervous and excitable, easily frightened and naturally wild, while others are easily made pefs of, are social in their habits, and so naturally sluggish and easily disposed to take on fat. It is apparent the two natures are to bo differently managed. Is is bemfiiial at ecraa seasons to feed stimulating food to poultry; this applies to all the laying breeds alike. But these foods should be used with caution. Such stimulat iag and warming foods as onions, red pepper and mustard may be fed occi sionally to advantage, especially in oid weather. The principal value of euch foods is to quicken the blood and thereby warm up the entire system, and they also serve as an sppetizr. Overfeeding should be guarded against, especially with the Asiatics and all the large breeds. The novice in poultry keeping is liable to do this. Hens too fat make poor layers and poor mothers. Those hens the eggs ot which are to be used for hatching should not be overfed. When the hens begin to lay large eggs, containing double yolks, it is an unfavorable indi cation tao hens are too fat. Double yolked eggs, very small eggs and a wholesale desire to sit means that the hens have been fed too liberally and that fewer eggs will b-3 the result in a short tinn. Reduce the feed when such indications are presented, change tho feed to a less fattening kind and manage to con1 pal the hens to work to procure their ood and secure more t xercise. Bear in mind that in feeding hens for eggs their food must be rich in nitrogen and the phosphates. Wheat, cats, . meat, a part allowance of corn, und when possible clover and cabbage for green food, supply the needed ele merits Skimmilk is very beneficial fed to poultry at any season of the year, and that it is sour forms no cb jsction. Ground bone supplies the phosphates. Farm and Home HQRTIOULTUBE RULES FOR THINNING FRUIT. 1. No tree should havo more fnut on it than it can hold up well and mature in perfection, that is to say, that the tree should bo not so loaded r3 to re quire its being propped, or so that the Dranches bend very severely. This checks the growth of the fruit; to such an extent as to injury tho quality. 2 Every time a tree has too much fruit, it weakens its vitality to such an extent as to require two or three years to recover, or no checks its growth that it begins to decline and is permanently injured 3 In the production of an over crop it costs the tree more to ripen the eeeds than to make the fruit 4 If from a tree heavily loaded there is taken one half or even three-fourths of tho fruit, there will be more bushels of fruit than there would be if all was left on the trees. 5 By this practice there will be less poor fruit put upon the market, and the good will bring better prices and give infinitely better satisfaction 6 Thinning makes the fruit of much better quality, makes it keep longer and produce finer, handsomer, more attractive and much more desirable and salable fruit. 7. When our 01 chard ists shall look upon thinning as important as cultiva tion, pruning, care and attention, they will succeed in supplying our markets with perfect fruit and of the very beet quality, and thus increase the demand, enhance the value and give vastly more satisfaction to both the producer and the consumer. m RAISING CELERY FOR MARKET. The methods of growing calery, like many other things, have been greatly simplified during recent years. Vari eties havo also changed, and instead of celery being raised merely for autumn and winter use, it is now frequently met with in the public markets as early as July hence can be had nearly the entire year. At least two crops are taken in one season in celery dis tricts. For early celery S2ed is sown in hotbeds and set in the open ground at the same time as other early crops. Outdoor sowing is early enough for getting the crop in by September; and such may be put cue as soon as the plants are large enough. Ganerally, this will not be until July 1. The same sowing should give plants to eet out to August 1. For late planting, the top of the leaves may be sheared off, as this induces a more stocky growth, keeping them at the same time a good transplanting size. Land already planted to peis, pota toes, cabbages, etc., for early crops, will answer for celery, Every other row of potatoes my have the Etalks put to one side and the celeery S3t six inches apart. Market gardeners set them three plants to tho foot. If put between cabbage, every other row will answer; if among peas, between each ro w, so that celery stands 3 to 4 feet apart in the rows When this first crop can be cleared e IT altogether, do bo and cultivate tho land for tho eel ery's benefit. For family use, 100 plants will probably bo enough. Io will be better in four rows, so that one may be earthed up for first use, the next for late autumn and other two for winter. To bleach celtry requires two or three weeks in hos weather and double that time in autumn. When bleached, use aa soon as possible, as it is liable to injury if kept long in hot weather. That intended for late Use ehould not bo earthed up or bleached before Oc tober. as it keeps better and partially bleaches during the winter months Formerly this bleaching was done en tirely by banking up with soil. Now it id often accomplished by boards be ing placed against the plants and soil filled in about the etems even with the tops of the boards. Anything which keeps the plants from the light bleaches them. Some even draw them through drain tile. In all cases the growing tops must be exposed, a3 through them the plants increase in siza while being bleached. TAXES ON NOTES AND MORTGAGES. Correspondence of tfce Progressive Farmer. I herewith hand you a copy of a bill which tho Cumberland County Alii anc;e has endorsed and desire to see en acted into law. They have instructed their delegate to the State meeting in August, Mr. W. R King, Jr., to pre sent the matter before the coming State meeting and ask the endorse msnt of the Stte Alliance, and the personal e ff ort of the brethren through out tho State, to secure the passage of this, or a more perfect bill of the same nature by the next General Assembly. I was instructed by the County Alli ance, to forward you a copy of the bill, to request its publication in our organ, so that Alliancemen and reformers might see the bill, and we suggest to those who favor the same to cut it out and at the proper time present it to the candidates for the next legislature, and secure their promise of assistance, if elected, to support the passage of this law. There has been a great injustice per mitted in North Carolina for many years in the unjust distribution of taxs, which this bill will, in a great measure, remedy, ia that conscience lers usurers will no longer be able to dodge their proportionate share of the taxes. As the law now stands, the pxr far mer, mechanic and householder must give iu his little home, farm and shop, tools, stock and other appurtenanc; s which he uses to eke out a scanty ex istence, and pay taxes upon them no matter if he owes a part, or even all their value, without being allowed to deduct one cent of his indebtedness from the valu3 of the property while on the other hand the trading and usu rious or banking classes, whose estates largely consist in debts against their fellowman are permitted to deduct their liabilities from this class of their assets, which is entirely unjust and unfair and should be no longer per mitted in North Carolina. The Republicans of this State, in the last paragraph of their this year's State platform, propose to remedy this matter by granting to the poorer classes, the same privileges of deducting their liabilities from their assets. This with out remedial legislation, enacted tt onco, would be most disastrous: bank rupting the State Treasury, closing our puolic schools, and emptying our pub lie charities. An interesting feature of the enclosed bill is that it will collect vast revenue from parties outside of our S:ate who hold debts against or extend credit to our people. I beg leave to suggest to those of our friends who feel favorable to this bill, that if they ever expect to see it en acted into law, they must give it their most strenuous and united support, be cause plutocracy will use every effort to defeat it. John McDcffie. (ITT T V T A TT--V7- MILK AND BUTTER RESULTS. Correspondence of the Protjresi-ive Farmer. The possibilities of butler production ia matter of yield per cow per season ia one of great interest. Other things beieg equal the emalier tho herd the easier great results can be obtained. 8 me of the best results are shown when but o je cow is kept. Yet no one will deny such reeults can be approxi mated when a grewer number of cows are kept, tu5 in such cases the cows to start with must be equally good and each must have the sarue attention given to the one cow. But, says smi9 reader, "that would not pay." If re sults such as are given below could be obtained it would pay. Mr. John Pritchard, Castieton, Rut land county, Vermont, has a cow with a record worthy of emulation. In re ply to an inquiry made by the writer last spring, some facts were given and are quoted as follows: "Our cow is six years eld, is three fourths Jersey and is of good s,;z9 Sh cilved the 25 r.h of February, went dry six weeks, had no grain while dry, but plenty of bay and corn fodder and a good warm stable. After she calved we began to feed her and gradually in creased it to two quarts gluten meal and two quarts of middlings in the morning and the same at evening, with a peck of cut potatoes per day and a geod ration of hay all she would eat clean. She has made three pounds three ounces of butter per day some weeks, and we use all the milk and cream needed for our family of two, and some visitors. We do not claim to use a greot deal, but just all we want. We raise cur cream ia a portable creamery, the Occident. Last year cur cow made 378 pounds of butter and wo bad a family of five for over two months, a grandchild taking three pints of new milk every day during that time." Itwill bo seen that as the cow had gone dry six weeks of the year and that 378 pounds of butter was made, the yield per week (46 weeke) was nearly 815 pounds per week. Had none of the milk or cream been taken for other uses, the butter product would have been considerably greater. That it would have been more than four hundred pounds for the year, no one can doubt, but call it jus: that and ycu have a standard worth working to reach. No one can deny even at present low price for butter there is a good prefb in keeping a 4C0 pound cow. E. R. Towle. Franklin Co., Vfc. ALAMANCE COUNTY MEETING. Oorrespondence of the Progressive Farmer. "Great nature svokf; observant men obey'd; Cities were buiit, .sr'cietieb wt-re marte; Here rose a little State, anotht-r Lear Urew by like means and jo'n'd through love or fear." So it has been with the Alliance. A few years ago, in the language of Pope, "Great nature spoke," whispering in the ears of the farmers, "Band ye your selves together; a crisis in your career is coming." How well we have obeyed, one needs only to attend one of the County Alliance meetings, such as was that of Alamance on the sscond Thurs day in July Although f or the last few days before the meeting, the greatest rains that wo have had for years fell, several bridges were washed away, roads were very muddy and streams swollen, yet we had one of the most enthusiastic meet ingb that was ever held in Graham, Even from the remote bounds of the county the sanguine, eager farmers as sembled at the court house. Tne same county offisera wero elected as last year. All are quite enthusiastic about the shoe factory. We believe the time has come to throw off the yoke of Shylock tyranny, to arouse ourselves to the dangers which confront us; and'unless we do, we can but degenerate to tho level of the narrow minded, selfish, ignorant, beggarly pauper over the sea, who lives under the rules of some European tyrant. L?t U3 be up and doing, and instead of trusts and combines being a disad vantage to us, let them bestir us to as sert our independence of them, and in no better way can we begin than we have by the manufacture of our own shoes, and other articles. They who wrestle with us only make us stronger, so let us be aided by r ppo sition, and let us be encouraged by what we have already achieved, and not be content until we manufacture every article which the farmer needs. H. M. Cates.