'I
"The P ogres
Ive Far ,-r is a
"The Progres
sive Farmer is a
Kood paper far
Ibove the aver
age and possibly
tne best advertis
ing medium in N.
C." Printers' Ink.
r , fa.:
V . ia N.
, Y Ink.
THE INDUSTRIAL" A3 )UCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STAT
RALEIGH, N. C, AUGUST 11, 1896.
Vol. 11.
Eo. 27
SITE
jr ':: r ood
I I- ?V9
V
I
4 ImNAlTFARMERS' ALLI-
i s Awn IMDTISTRIAL.
krvt
UNION.
president Mann Page, Brandon,
Vice-President H. C. Snavely, Leb
aGretary-Treasurer R. A. South
worth, Denver, Col.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
Q. L. Loucks, Huron, 8. D ; W. P.
Ti-i,-rer Cogan Station, Pa. ; J. F. Wil
7 Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga.
JUDICIARY.
R A. Southworth, Denver, Colo,
a V. Beck, Alabama.
Sj D. Davie, Kentucky.
M E.STiI CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TATX ALU
O ' ANCE.
I President - Dr. Cyrus Thompson,
I Highlands, . C. t,
I Vice-President Jno. Graham,Ridge
1 N C
! J'-oretary-Treaaurer W. S. Barnes,
i FKlboro, "N. C.
lecturer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
! ward-Dr. V. N. Seawell, Villa-
1 ChVpiain Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur-
n.m N. C.
1 Door -keeper Goo. T. Lane, Greens-
I ) N C
I '"Assistant Door-keeper J as. E. Lyon,
I Durham, N. C.
scrgeant-at Arms A. D. K. Wallace,
; Rutherforiton, N. C.
! mtn Business Agent T. Ivey, Huls-
I boro, N. C. t , TXT
Trustee Business Agency Fund W.
i L. Graham, Machpelah, N. C.
' SXXCUTTVE COMMITTEE OF THE KORTH
o.t-ni.Hi FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE.
A F. Hileman, Concord, N. C. ; N.
C. English, Trinity, N. C. ; James M.
Mewborne, Kins on, N. C.
ST ATX ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Brady, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr.
J.F. Harrell, Whiteville, N. C. ; T. J.
Candler. Acton. N. C.
s crU Carolina Reform Press Association.
C$cer-J. L. Ramsey President ;
arion Butler, Vice-President ; W. S.
B-nss. Secretary,
PAPERS.
rralve Firmer. State Organ, RJigh. . O.
Caucasian, A1' v n
fc!rrnrv Hickory, N. (.
fctCer Whitakers, N. C.
Sr Home. BTe&VeLn ' V C
The Popnlist, L?foe' N C
'ha Pinlrt'a Panr. Charlotte, rj.
conrora, jx.
"lie SrwtibnJ. y VCr-.ro. N C.
Carolina Watchman, Salisbury. . C
Vs,sh nf th nria.-inm.pi rtfitWTtt are,
requested to keep trie List standing on
I i?ss ;zrf pa&e and add others, provided
j ere duty elected. Any paper fail
j ;? to adweate the Ocala platform will
t bt drovped from the list promptly. Our
;zoylecan now see what papers are
I hihlinkfd in their interest.
AGRICULTURE.
Tne best paying crops are grown, not
by the farmer with the richest soil, but
1 by the one with the longest head.
When the land is too rough or broken
3 t - Kn Anlfitrnto fr ntrnntnop it. will
j be found a good plan to set to trees.
A Unless there is danger from the dis
r ease of potato rot, the potatoes will
keep as well as anywhere if lefc in the
ground until cool weather.
work about the farm givf s more
and
Ia?tiner satisfaction than a
or two spent in nxing up tne
grounds around the building1-.
The main object in prunii g is to take
uu, i ranches which interfere witnotner
bran'-he. and to remove those that are
der.i or that mar the symmetry of the
tree.
In those times of low priced butter,
it requires a pretty fair cow to more
than pay for her board. The cheaper
the butter, the better must be the cow
fyio return a profit.
I ! irin the rush of haying there was
j Htti tlm for reading, but during this
I tnomh there will be more leisure to
i think ahed. Work not well planned
is labor partly wasted.
h is a p;ood plan now to go over the
apple troes and destroy all of the nests
of the tent caterpillars that can be
found. The sooner they are destroyed
after they Kt started the better.
There is hardly any question but
that the use of ara- nical poisons in the
orchard, applying wiUi the ppray pump,
has perceptibly reduced the ravages of
we counn moth and other insect pests.
;ne or the best way s of manuring
a w uurnes or other small fruits is to
setter broadcast between the rows,
ar- i then work into the soil with a cul
tivater, takiDg care always to have it
reasonably well fined.
Plenty of clover will go a long way
toward making a farm profitable,
lb ink how many ways it can be util-
id -for pasture, for hay, for feeding
Restock, of feeding the land, some
I the 6il in the manurial product.
rear not raisin . it -mill i.
frl find a market
WEEKLY
VEATHER CROP BUL
LETIN For the Week Ending Saturday, Aug i,
1896.
Central Office, Raleigh, N. C.
Tae past week was the hottest of the
present eummer ; every day was con
siderably above the normal in tempera
ture and the maximum reached as high
as 102 degrees. It was also very dry,
though a few favorable local showers
occurred. There wa! a large amount
of sunshine. On the whole these con
ditions have been very unfavorable,
except in the northeastern and west
era portions of the State. Corn and
tobacco are firirjg and cotton is shed
ding bolls, besidf s being forced to ma
turity; it is beginning to open rapidly.
Eastern District. The past week
has been extremely hot and dry ; bene
ficial showers occurred at a few points.
In the north portion of the district
crops are generally reported as im
proved; elsawhere all crops are si. If ir
ing for want of rain. Cotton may etiil
be considered fine; it is now opening
and picking is not far off. There were
more reports of shedding bolls and
leaves than last week, caused by heat
and drought; the crop is now featuring
very rapidly. Old corn was ripe before
the drought set in, but late corn is need
ing rain badly and has fired consider
ably. Fodder is now being pulled and
stacked. Tobacco is being cured rap
idly; much of it becoming parched.
Farmers are planting turnip seed now.
Peanuts, sweet potatoes, peas and rice
promise abundant yields.
Central District Extreme heat
and great dryness prevailed this week,
with decidedly unfavorable influence
on all crops. Good rains occurred in
portions of Alamance, Randolph, Rich
mond and Rockingham on Thursday,
and a damaging local wind storm in
Chatham and Orange; elsewhere rain
is badly required. A great decline in
the condition of cotton is taking place;
some rust and much shedding of bolls
and leaves reported ; plants look wilted ;
opening fast in eoutb. Corn crop good ;
much fedder pulled. Lite corn needs
rain badly, and is firing. Tobacco also
firing, and curing is forced in some
sections nearly a month earlier than
usual. Sowing turnip seed interrup ed.
Some cabbage bursting open. Seet
potatoes and peas not injured.
Western District. The effect of
the hot, dry weather has not been so
injurious to crops in this district, and
in the west has been quite favorable,
but a good season is needed. Cotton on
sandy land has been injured, but gen
erally it is doing well and blooming
freely ; much less shedding is reported
than from other districts. Eirlyand
late corn need rain ; there is some firiDg ;
fodder pulling will begin next week.
CuriDg tobacco has begun in only a
few sections yet; the drought prevents
spreading, and some damage by 11 3a
bugs is still reported. Sweet potatoes
and peas doing well. Turnip seed be
ing planted and laDd prepared for
wheat. In extreme west saving oats
and hay still progressing.
'
A Scotch newspaper has arranged
for an expedition of Scottish farmers'
daughters to visit Danmark, Holland,
and Germany, in order to ascertain
why these countries are able to cm
pete so successfully against Great Brit
ain in dairy and other produce.
THE
FARMER IS
THERE."
'GETTING
Happily the impression ia slowly
gaining ground among the farming
population "That the farmer is of more
importance than the farm, and should
be first improved." This growing de
sire has led to the formation of clubs,
granges and farmers' institutes. It is
a noticeable fact also that in a few
8tates our legislatures are composed
more largely of agriculturists than
formerly, and that it is yearly becom
ing easier to secure such legislation as
tends to the better development of our
agricultural resources, for upon these
depends our future natural advance
ment and welfare. Farm and Home.
BEES ON THE FARM.
A man or woman who dislikes to
handle bees had better let them alone,
says F. H. R chardson in the American
Agriculturist. However, it seems to
me it might pay the farmer who has a
lot of fruit to keep a few stands of bees,
even though he had to buy new stock
every spring and did not get any honey. I
The benefit derived trom tne Dees ier
tilizing fruit blossoms would pay for
the trouble. In this case box hives
would be better than any others, as
bees undoubtedly winter better in
W f Pi ill SWtei g B
1 " I : . i : ; : j i j i ' w . j r f W ' L ! , "TTTT77 ".i;'li'A.iK;l!5-H - - i-ffH;.; f ! '"mwrnw
PRESERVING B!G GAMS.
Commendable Instances of Private Enterprise
Adrian, Mich., June 30 The recent death of Austin Corbin, the New
Eigbiiid rnulti millionaire, at his villa, near Newport, N H . olicits special in
terest here. Mr. Corbm has the most extensive private preserve for large
game that probaoly exists, covering 25 000 acres in the Blue Mountain Forest
O j this magnificent ranch much of the Page Woven Wire Fence has been
used, the works for the manufacture of which exists in this city.
The great financier had adopted the Adrian product in preference to all
others. He had given much attention to preserving from extinction the Amer
ican buff ilo; and one of the stipulations submitted for enclosing his New Hamp
shire domain was that the fence should be proof against attempts to leap it, or
break through, on the part of these powerful and agile animals.
Unlike baib wire and analagous devices the Page product is a protection
instead of a menace to animals within its enclosure. A short time ago ho do
nated to the park c immissioners of New York, a number of bison from his Blue
Mountain herd, with the condition that none but Page fencing be used to en
close them.
Stimulated by Mr. Corbin's exatrp'e, the Page people have instituted a zoo
of their own. A range of 37 acres bas been ecclosed, and in this the ccmpany
ha3 placed a number of deer and elk, with nine bison. These were obtained
after considerable trouble and expense,
the American bison becoming. Nero,
died recently from iDiuries sustained
and has been m luntea together with a
of Adrian College.
Having succeeded so well in coraling the brawny bison, th Page people
are now preparing a fence to enclobe
and relieve the animals from the chains
expense of their tempers and physical
The companv has also made a tender
at Yellowstone Park, and save from
remain.
them, and honey is a secondary con
sideration. In any event, get a good
stock of industrious bees. It is becom
ing pretty generally accepted that bee
keeping will not do to rely on as a
money-making occupation unless prac
ticed in connection with some other
business The farm r who likes to
handle bees will have an excellent side
issue, which, if carefully managed, will
be a satisfaction as well as a pre fit. To
such a farmer I say, get two colonies
of Italian bees from some reliable
breeder, put them in an eight or ten
frame dovetailed hive, get a smoker,
bee veil, a book on apiculture and be
gin. In one respect experienced apiar
ists are quite as negligent as beginners,
that ia in furnishing shade for the
hives. It has been conclusively shown
that colonies in shade during hot
weather make the most honey.
:
During the summer months the finely
powdered dust from the road bed should
be gathered. Its best use will be found
in the hen house, where it can b e place d
in shallow boxes to be used as dust
baths. It is also good to f prinkle over
heaps of hen manure to absorb the am
monia as the manure decomposes.
WAKE UP THE "WAY BACKS "
Opposition to more freqient mails
and free delivery in country districts
comes from farmers who ''take about
one weekly paper and get about four
letters a year." Well, we rather think
that those men would take a daily
paper or at least get into communica
tion with the outside world somehow
if they had daily maily at their doors
This idea that farmers are going to
continue to be "way backs" is all wrong
Tneir present unrest is conclusive evi
dence of this. One criticism of the
postal department that is being brought
out very forcibly is the large salaries
paid to postmasters and mail carriers
in the larger towns and cities. Many
a postmaster is paid from $2,000 to $3.
000 per year or more who couldn't earn
half that working for anybody else,
while as good men for carriers could be
hired for half of the 800 to $1 000 per
year now paid in cities. The whole
tendency during the past ten years ha3
been toward increasing these and other
official salaries, while the prices of
products of farm and factory have
been constantly decreasing. This won't
do. Farm and Home.
Milking should be done as rapidly as
possible without worry. It should be
done thoroughly to the last drop ; other
wise a little milk carelessly or uninten
tionally left in the udder will begin the
work of "drying off" the cow. Milk
ing should be done regularly, begin
ning at the same hour, and the milker
should go through his cows in the same
order, thus making it easier and less
disturbing for the cow that from habit
knows when to expect her turn.
so rare are full blooded soecimens of
a superb animal weighing 2 000 pounds,
in its transportation to the Adrian park,
beautiful elk, and donated to the museum
the elepnants m Ivncoln Park, Chicago,
which keep them in subj ction at the
condition.
to the government to enclose a range
depredation and loss the few buffalo that
HORT1CULTUKE
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
The principal advantage in setting
out strawberry plants in August is that
if good care is taken eo that a good
thr,C: y growth can be secured and care
is taken to watch through the winter
a fair crop can be secured next spring.
But unless the weather is unusually
favorable, it requires more work, as in
nearly all cases, if set in August and a
good start to grow is eecured, it will bo
necetsiry to water more or less, and
this of course adds to the expense and
increases the labor. It is always best
to prepare the soil in a good tilth,
plowing thoroughly and then harrow
ing until a good tilth has been secured.
With this, as with all crop?, it piys to
take time to do thorough work, as it is
important to secure a good, thrifty
growth, and the better the coaditknof
the soil when the planting is done, the
better the opportunity for growth by
the plants.
So far c.s can be done, the planting
should be done as soon as possible after
the la9t harrowing is given And late
in the evening is the best time to plant.
Paddle the roots by dipping them in
soft mud, taking pains to have as much
adhere to the roots as possible, and
when setting out spread out the roots
evenly. See that the soil is pressed
closely around the roots. This ig an
item in securing a good growth.
Set out the rows three feet apart and
set the plants one foot apart in the
rows. Water late in the evening every
other day for three or four times until
the plants start to grow. Remember
that one good wetting of the soil around
the roots is better than a half dozen
sprinklings, and it is better to water
good every other day than to sprinkle
a little every day. Farmers' Voice.
To make poor land equal to good
land, several times its cose price must
be expended for manure. When tempt
ed to buy cheap land, mentally add to
its price the cost of bringing it up to
standard, and if rough the extra cost
of cultivation.
m .
FRUITS FOR FAMILY ORCHARD.
In planning for an orchard a young
farmer will first have to decide whether
he will grow fruit for home use, only
selling a few bushels occasionally, or
grow it for market on a large scale. In
the first case he will choose as extended
a variety of the different kinds as pos
sible apples, peaches, pears, cherries,
plums, crabs, raspberries, strawberries,
currants, gooseberries, etc., striving to
get the different varieties of each class,
so that fruit may be had tne year
round. The commercial orchardist on
the other hand will select such kinds as
will be most profitable. He may have
only two or three varieties of apples,
and these all winter, one of peaches,
etc. He does not I ,eso many from
which to pick ands less liable to err
in choosing, as this is to be his life
business. But the average farmer, with
the orchard a side question merely, is
often neglectful in carefully selecting
trees.
After deciding upon a site, thorough
y plowing and manuring the soil, a
complete list of fruits suited to his
ocality is of paramount importance.
Many orchards in nearly every State
of the Union are almost worthless to
day, because they are set with poor
varieties of trees. The following list
of fruits has been recommended bv
Illinois horticulturists as adapted to
their latitude and with slight variation
can be used in most portions of the
West.
Apples, for winter: Willow Twig,
Minkler, Roman Stem, Ben Davis and
Smith's Cider. York Imperial is rap
idly becoming a popular variety that
has been successfully raised in Iowa,
Indiana and several Eastern States. In
Kansas, it is considered the coming
apple. For autumn : Maiden's Blush,
Wealthy, Fameuse and Bailey Sweet.
For hummer: Tetofsky, Red Astrach
an, Sops of Wine, Codlin and Dachess
of Oldenberg. Pears : Tyson, Flemish
Beauty, Clapp's Favorite and Kieffer's
Hybrid. Cherries: Early R cbmond,
English Morello and Late Dutch suc
ceeded best. Q ainces: Orange is the
best. Peaches: Omelia, Early York,
Stump of the World, George the 4ih
and Salaway. Crosby is a promising
variety from the Atlantic coast. Piums:
Wild Goose, Burbank and Chickasaw.
Grapes: Concord, Worden, Moore's
Early and Pocklington. Gooseberries :
Smith's Improved is good. Currants:
La Versailles, Fay's Prolific. Black
berries: Snyder, Early Harvest.
Raspberries: Souhegan, Gregg, Shaf
fer'sColoseal, Marlboro. Strawberries:
Crescent, Jewel, Capt. Jack, Glendale,
Sharpless, Downing. The Lucretia
Dewberry has been raised with some
success and promises to be valuable for
home use. It would also be advisable
to grow a few upland huckleberries
and the June berry. Every orchard
should have few stands of bees. The
proper fertilization of the blossoms is
thus insured, and besides the family is
supplied with honey. Of course the
above list of fruits are not all that can
be successfully raised, but are a few of
those that have a been raised with most
success. A person with no experience
in this line of work would do well to
consult some successful fruit grower
in his region, As was said in the be
ginning, it pays to be very careful in
selecting varieties. Farm and Home.
POULTEY YARD
THE
BEST BREED FOR MARKET
FOWLS.
Fowls that are plump and have plenty
of meat on their breasts will always
sell well in market. The carcass, how
ever, depends on the breed. To know
which should be preferred, it may be
stated that breeds that are the most
active and fly the highest have the
most meat on the breast. This is easily
explained, as the ability to fly implies
great muscle power, and the muscles
are mainly on the breast. The Games,
Dorkings and even L?ghorns are plump
on the breast, and they can fly over a
high fence. B rah mas cannot fly, and
they have but little breast meat. The
Langshans and Cochins are apparently
of the same stock, but when a fowl of
both bteeda is dressed for market,
Langshans will be found much supe
rior, as they have a larger proportion
of meat on the breast Farm and Fire
side. YOU CANT HURRY HENS.
.When fowls don't lay as many eggs
as we think they ought to, especially
at this season of the year, we naturally
do something to stir them up feed
meat and egg producing food If we
are not quite familiar with this line of
procedure, we ara apt to look for almost
immediate results, and are quite sure
to be disappointed.
We can feed cows for an increased
supply of milk and get it quickly, be
cause the process between the diges
tion and the making of milk is rapid;
not so in the process between the fowl
and the egg. The egg is quite compli
cated, not only in its entire structure,
but in the proces3 of putting on the
shell the last process, however, beiDg
the quickest performed. The germ of
the egg being there, all that is required
are the proper conditions to mature it
and time.
How long a timet Well, about two
weeks at leapt. In other words, it is a
matter of haste, on our part and a mat
ter of taking it 'easy on the part of the
fowls N. D. Forbes, in Poultry
Monthly.
LIVE brOCK.
SELLING HORSES.
To sell a horse to the best advantage
is not an easy thing to do. How often
we hear of some horse being sold for a
moderate price, soon to be sold at a
larger figure and then again at another
advance over the second price. The
first thing when one has a good horse
of any class to sell, should be to have
him in the best form possible for his
kind. Fat is the selling quality on the
draft breed. Nearly anyone can fatten
a horse by giving plenty of such grain
as you may have, and sufficient exer
cise for health. Right here, it must be
remembered that an animal taking on
fat -re quires an excess of water, and
should have all he desires of pure luke
warm water.
No one can afford to sell a good ani
mal out of condition either in regard
to health or flash. If on dry feed, some
laxative food should be given, say a
small armful of grass or green fodder,
being careful not to give enough to
take the appetite from the hay. Should
green fodder not be obtainable, a feed
of bran put in a tight pail in the morn
ing, boiling water poured over it, then
covered tight to keep the heat in till
noon, when it should be fed in placa of
the regular feed. Feed this bran three
times a week. In place of the bran,
fiix seed meal may be given a half
pint three times a week, in addition to
regular feed.
Salt should be put in a place where'
the horse can help himself, and not
placed in his feed where he will be
forced to eat all at one time, and do
without at all other times.
Should the animal for sale be a road
ster or saddler, fat is not such a neces
sity. If in good condition, they are
really of more value than when fat.
There is no quality of so much value
in either of these animals as education.
Two horses equal in all other respects
when offered for sale will be found to
bring very different prices. The better
the one is educated over the other, the
greater will be the difference in price.
Horses of this class need plenty of
grain, lots of exercise, very little rough
feed, and if the owner does not thor
oughly understand them, he, by all
means, should put them in the hands
of one who does. Fdw breeders under
stand gaiting a saddle horse, but to
sell for a good price he must be well
educated by soma one who understands
this branch of- the business. Many a
good horee sells cheap because his
owner does not make up his mind to
sell until the last moment, and then
has a time to prepare the horse to show
his good qualitif s, and the horse is sold
just the same as if he did not possess
them. Roadster, in Journal of Agri
culture. "You just ought to see the hogs we
raise out in Iowa." "So big you have
to kill half of one at a time?" "Well,
no; but let me tell you SDme peculiar
things about thos8 hogs." "All right.
S 3 large, IsuppDse, that you can find
them on the maps in the geographie u "
"Well, I don't know as to that, but
I have known one of thesa hogs to
start north where the meridians come
closer together, and in ten hours get
wedged in so tightly between a couple
of those lines that it took a week to dig
it loose."
WHIPPING BALKY HORSES.
Notwithstanding the fact that the
press continually admonishes whom it
may concern that it does no good to
whip or pound a balky horse, almost
every owner or driver of one does it to
day. It is probably the greatest piece
of horse folly in existence. Ic is not
a remnant of barbarism, but it is con
tinued barbarity, and brings out what
original sin there is in a man.
Tne brain of a horse can retain but
one idea at a time. If the idea is to
sulk, whipping only intensifies it. A
change of that idea, then, is the only
successful method of management.
This may be accomplished in scores of
ways, a few of which are here named ;
Tie a handkerchief about his eyes ; tie
his tail to the bely band or backhand ;
fasten a stick in bis mouth; tie a cord
tightly about his leg; clasp his nostrils
and shut his wind off until he wants to
go ; unhitch him from the vehicle and
then hitch him up again, or almost any
way to get his mind on something else.
Whipping or scolding always does
harm. The treatment should always
be gentle. There are more balky driv
ers than horses. National Stockman.
The best is the cheapest land fertil
izer, S3ed. hired help, tools, live stock.
He who farms upon cheapness builds
upon sand. There is, however, a wide
difference between paying a big price
for a poor article, compared with get
ting the best in the market at the bot
tom figure. True economy is to get
the money's worth.